BIBLE SURVEY I. SURVEY OF THE OLD TESTAMENT (Genesis-Nehemiah) By Ernst Dueck

Transcription

1 BIBLE SURVEY I SURVEY OF THE OLD TESTAMENT (Genesis-Nehemiah) By Ernst Dueck Seminario Bíblico de las Américas Colonia Montevideo, URUGUAY Phone: (+598) oficina@seminariobiblico.com Copyright 2006 by Seminario Bíblico de las Américas All rights reserved. ISBN Translated by: Elizabeth Dueck Schrock Edited by: Christina Clifford Dueck Dep. Legal Printed in Montevideo, Uruguay Total or partial reproduction of this manual without prior written authorization from Seminario Bìblico de las Américas is forbidden.

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3 BIBLE SURVEY I PURPOSE The purpose of this study, Bible Survey I and II, is to view the Old Testament in its entirety. Each of the 39 Old Testament books we will examine is an integral part of the whole Bible, and is intimately related to the others, receiving and at the same time revealing new aspects of the other s message. We will approach the study of the Old Testament like a mountaineer approaches a mountain. First, he climbs to the highest point to get a panoramic view and later he studies the details, minor cliffs, slopes, valleys, vegetation, etc, and how they relate to each other, and to the mountain itself. Beginning with a panoramic view of the Old Testament will help us to better understand its special details and their applications to our lives. Psalms 19:7-8 Psalms 119:9 2 Timothy 3: Peter 1:21 To be Wise, Read the Bible to be Saved, Believe the Bible To be Holy, Live the Bible!

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5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Lesson One Introduction...7 Structure of the Old Testament 15 Key Characters of the Old Testament Geography of the Old Testament Lesson Two Age of Beginnings...11 Genesis 1-11 Lesson Three The Patriarchs...17 Genesis Lesson Four Holy Nation of God...21 Exodus-Leviticus Lesson Five Looking to Canaan...29 Numbers-Deuteronomy Lesson Six Possessing the Land of Promise...35 Joshua-Judges-Ruth Lesson Seven Times of Transition Samuel Lesson Eight The Reign of King David Samuel, 1 Chronicles Lesson Nine The Reign of King Solomon Kings 1-11, 2 Chronicles 1-9 Lesson Ten The Northern Kingdom - Israel Kings 12-22, 2 Kings 1-17 Lesson Eleven The Southern Kingdom - Judah Kings 12-22, 2 Kings, 2 Chronicles Lesson Twelve Beyond Captivity...77 Ezra, Esther, Nehemiah Bibliography...84

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7 LESSON 1 Introduction The Bible is the greatest work of literature, history, and theology ever written. It displays amazing unity in its diversity, written by approximately 40 authors over a span of 1600 years. In the 66 books of the Bible we discover our past, we understand our present, and we find hope for our future. The Old Testament is a Story of Redemption, and is the foundation for the New Testament. While the Old Testament looks forward to the coming of the Messiah, the New Testament looks back to the life, death and resurrection of the Messiah, Jesus Christ. 17 Historical books trace the beginning of humankind, as well as the history of Israel from its emergence to the times of the prophet Malachi. The first 5 books of the Bible are known as the Pentateuch ( pente meaning five and teuchos meaning scroll or book). Reading the Pentateuch, we learn how Israel is chosen, redeemed, disciplined, and instructed. The following 12 Historical books describe the Conquest of the Promised Land, the times of the Judges, the formation of the Nation of Israel, its Division, its Captivity (Israel by Assyria and Judah by Babylon), and the Return to the Promised Land. Following the Historical books are the 5 Poetical books which unite the past, as described in the previous 17 books, with the future, as described in the Prophetical books. The Poetical books do not present the history of Israel, but rather explore the present experience. They analyze themes such as pain, worship of God, wisdom, life, and love and emphasize a lifestyle of holiness. The 17 Prophetical books from Isaiah through Malachi have a twofold purpose and message: condemnation (due to the sinfulness and idolatry of the people) and consolation (future hope despite present judgment). The prophets refused to compromise the values represented in the Word of God, and many times paid a high price for the message they preached. They emphasized four main topics: 1) the times in which they lived, 2) captivity and the future return of Israel, 3) the coming of the Messiah, and 4) the second coming of Christ. All the prophesies of the Bible are accurate and true, like the Lord Jesus Himself who is represented by the prophets. Some of the events that were prophesied have already come to pass, while others await future fulfillment. The books of History, Poetry, and Prophecy describe key events of the past, present, and future. They mirror the three key periods of Christ Jesus who is the same yesterday, today and forever. (Hebrews 13:8)

8 8. Seminario Bíblico de las Américas STRUCTURE of the OLD TESTAMENT History ( ) Poetry ( ) Prophecy ( ) Pentateuch ( ) Historical Books ( ) Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy Joshua Judges Ruth 1 Samuel 2 Samuel 1 Kings 2 Kings 1 Chronicles 2 Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah Esther Job Psalms Proverbs Ecclesiastes Song of Solomon Number of Books in the Old Testament Number of Books in the New Testament Number of Books in the whole Bible Isaiah Jeremiah Lamentations Ezekiel Daniel Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi Major Prophets ( ) Minor Prophets ( ) 3 Leviticus 5 Deut. 8 Ruth 13 1 Chr Chr. 17 Esther 1 Genesis 2 Exodus 4 Numbers 6 Joshua 7 Judges 9 1 Samuel 10 2 Samuel 11 1 Kings 12 2 Kings 15 KEY CHARACTERS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT 15 Ezra 16 Nehemiah

9 Seminario Bíblico de las Américas KEY CHARACTERS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT One way to create a panoramic view of the Old Testament is to focus on 15 of its key characters, remembering them in chronological order and thinking of them as links in a chain. With a solid comprehension of who they were, what they did, and how they fit into God s plan, we will be able to connect each key player to the person preceding them, thus creating a chain spanning the entire Old Testament. There are nearly 3,000 people named in the Bible, the majority of whom appear in the Old Testament. In one way or another each person relates to one or more of the key figures we have chosen to explore. Write a short description of who, what and how each of the following Bible characters fit into God s plan. 1. Adam:. 2. Noah:. 3. Abraham:. 4. Isaac:. 5. Jacob:. 6. Joseph:. 7. Moses:. 8. Joshua:. 9. Judges (12):. 10. Saul:. 11. David:. 12. Solomon:. 13. Kings (20+20):. 14. Prophets:. 15. Leaders (Ezra, Nehemiah, Zerubbabel):.

10 10. Seminario Bíblico de las Américas GEOGRAPHY OF THE OLD TESTAMENT During the approximately 4000 years of history recorded in the Old Testament, 6 major geographic migrations were made by God s people. Studying these 6 migrations in chronological order, understanding the surrounding circumstances of why they were made and how each one fits into God s global plan will help create another clear and simple panoramic view of the Old Testament. The 6 Principal Migrations of the Old Testament 1. From Eden to Ur of the Chaldeans (Adam to Abraham). 2. From Ur to Canaan (Abraham). 3. From Israel to Egypt (Joseph + 70). 4. From Egypt to Israel (Moses and Joshua). 5. From Israel to Babylon (Captivity). 6. From Babylon to Israel (Return). THE FERTILE CRESCENT

11 LESSON 2 Age of Beginnings Genesis 1-11 Genesis 1:1 - In the beginning God created the and the. AUTHOR: Moses (inspired by God) is the author of the first five books of the Bible generally known as the Pentateuch, the Books of the Law, or the Torah. They include Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. These five books describe the foundational events of the Old Testament: Creation, the Fall of man, the Flood, the Tower of Babel, Abraham s calling, the formation of the nation of Israel, slavery in Egypt, the Exodus, the years in the Desert, and the preparation to enter the Land of Promise. These events took place over a period of 2600 years, from creation to the death of Moses, and recount events that occurred in Eden, Mesopotamia, Israel, Egypt, the Desert, and Moab. The word Genesis means beginning. In this first book of the Bible we find the origin of everything: of heaven and earth, and of all life and all institutions and human relationships. The only beginning not included is when God began, because He has no beginning, He is eternal. All the outstanding teachings of the Bible have their seed and inception in Genesis. The germ of all great doctrines concerning God, humanity, sin, and salvation are found there. The revelation of God is progressive; His truths are revealed like a torch of light from Genesis to Revelation. APPROXIMATE TIME SPAN: - Adam - Abraham: covers the same amount of time as is covered in the rest of the Bible, B.C. - Adam - Flood: 1656 years. - Flood - Abraham: 427 years. - Death of Adam and birth of Noah: 126 years. - Noah died 2 years before Abraham s birth. The first verse of Genesis suggests the book s entire purpose: In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. God is the creator of all things, and therefore, existed before all things. As He is the God and Creator of the earth, it was necessary for Him, in the end, to become earth s Redeemer. 1st Migration, From Eden To Ur

12 12. Seminario Bíblico de las Américas OUTLINE OF GENESIS 1-11: 1. Creation (Chapters 1-2) 2. The Fall (Chapter 3) 3. The First Civilization (Chapter 4) 4. The Flood (Chapters 5-9) 5. The Dispersal of Nations (Chapters 10-11) 1. Creation (Chapters 1-2) a. 1st day. b. 2nd day. c. 3rd day. d. 4th day. e. 5th day. f. 6th day. g. 7th day God rested from his work, leaving man an example of working for six days and resting on the seventh. After God created man and woman, the masterpieces of creation, He saw and declared everything as good. Genesis 2 tells us how God prepared a home for the first human family, and placed two trees in the garden to teach them an important lesson: if Adam and Eve chose good and refused evil, they would always eat from the tree of life; if not, they would face death. In this chapter we also find a reappearance of the account of creation, representing what is known as the law of repetition found throughout the Bible. 2. The Fall (Chapter 3) a. Possibility of Temptation. The tree of the knowledge of good and evil was left in the garden so that man and woman could be tested and would learn to serve God with a willing heart. b. Author of Temptation. (3:1) The serpent, who is identified in Revelation 12:9 as Satan himself. c. Subtleness of Temptation. (3:1-5) Indeed has God said? All this is not enough, you can have more. You surely will not die... You will be like God. The temptation of power. d. Success of Temptation. (3:6) Eve saw, coveted, ate, and gave to Adam. e. Consequences of yielding to Temptation. (3:7-24) - For the serpent, degradation. - For the woman, pain and subjection to man. - For the man, hard work in a land producing thorns until death. - For humanity, removal from paradise.

13 Seminario Bíblico de las Américas 13. f. Promised Redemption. I will put enmity between you and the woman, between your seed and her seed... (3:15). A perpetual battle ensues between the woman (representing all of humanity) and the forces of evil, led by Satan. Humankind would be ultimately victorious through Jesus Christ, the Son of Man who would crush the Devil s head dealing him a mortal wound and defeat (Acts 10:38, 1 John 3:8)....and he shall crush your head... (NIV) The victory over Satan was won through the suffering and death of Christ, the woman s Seed, on the cross of Calvary (Galatians 4:4, Isaiah 7:14, Matthew 1:21). - God Himself provided Adam and Eve with coverings of skin, from the sacrifice of innocent animals. - This early image of substitutionary propitiation points to the need of judgment over the innocent to provide coverage for the guilty. - By His shed blood, the Lamb of God provided a robe of righteousness for guilty sinners, made available to us by faith in Him. - Adam and Eve tried in vain to cover themselves by making clothes from leaves. - Under the new covenant it is required that we re-clothe ourselves in Christ rather than trusting in the performance of good works to obtain salvation (Galatians 3:27). 3. The First Civilization (Chapter 4) a. The story of Cain describes how the entrance of sin into the human race led to the first homicide. Sin is crouching at the door v 7. (1 John 3:12). b. The story of Abel teaches us that we are all recipients of the guilt and sin of Adam and Eve, yet we can be accepted by God through the atoning sacrifice of Jesus Christ. c. The first city. Cain became the founder of a city that acted as an agricultural, manufacturing, and artistic hub. It was also known for its spirit of violence (4:19-24). d. The Birth of Seth. Abel was dead, Cain rejected, and so the promise of redemption passed to Adam s son, Seth (4:25-26).

14 14. Seminario Bíblico de las Américas The Era of the Patriarchs The patriarchs who were alive before the flood, lived an average of 900 years (Gen. 5). After the flood the lifespan of man was shortened (Gen. 11). Some suggest that this is due to important climate changes that were brought about by the flood. 4. The Flood (Chapters 5-9) Before the Flood there were two groups of people living in the world: the descendants of Cain who worshiped false gods, and the descendants of Seth, who called upon the name of the Lord. Later, the descendants of Seth joined in marriage with the Cainites breaking down the separation of the two groups and resulting in the morally corrupt conditions on earth that demanded God s judgment. Of Seth s descendants, only Noah s family remained faithful to the Lord. Noah became God s chosen one through whom the promise of redemption continued its way to fulfillment (5:29, 6:8). The genealogy in chapter 5 begins with Adam and ends with Noah. We find many of these genealogies in the Bible and usually their purpose is to preserve a record of the lineage from which the promised seed would come: Christ.

15 Seminario Bíblico de las Américas 15. Chapter highlights: a. The Genealogy of Noah. (Chapter 5) b. The Building of the Ark. (Chapter 6) c. Entrance into the Ark. (Chapter 7) d. Departure from the Ark. (Chapter 8) e. The Covenant between God and Noah. (Chapter 9) - God communicates His plans to Noah. - God instructs Noah: (7:1) Enter... Salvation. (7:7) Noah entered the ark... Response. (7:16) The Lord closed it (the door)... Security. (8:16) Go out... Service. (8:20) Noah offered burnt offerings... Dedication. - The Ark is a figure of Christ and Noah represents the believer. - The Ark took the punishment. - The Ark was lifted over the flood. - The Ark was the safe place. - The Ark had a window facing upward... place your sights on things above! The judgment of the Flood continues to be a warning to humankind (Luke 17:27; Hebrews 11:7; 1 Peter 3:20; 2 Peter 2:5; 3:3-7). 5. The Dispersal of Nations (Chapters 10-11) Noah prophesied concerning his three sons (9:24-27) and indicated Shem as the one through whom God would bless the world. a. The unity of race and tongue. b. The location of the event, the land of Shinar. c. The purpose of the tower of Babel, a center of rebellion against God. d. God s judgment, the confusion of languages. e. The result of judgment: dispersion. Noah s descendants swiftly returned to pagan customs. Consequently God confounded their language and caused them to scatter throughout the world. The people had intended to make a monument to human effort, but this monument was transformed into a symbol of Divine punishment of their pride and self-sufficiency.

16 16. Seminario Bíblico de las Américas The Nations According to Genesis 10

17 LESSON 3 The Patriarchs Genesis Genesis 18:14, Is there anything too for the Lord? 2nd Migration, From Ur To Israel APPROXIMATE TIME SPAN: B.C. OUTLINE OF GENESIS 12-50: 1. Abraham (Genesis 12-25) 2. Isaac (Genesis 21-35) 3. Jacob (Genesis 25-49) 4. Joseph (Genesis 36-50) 1. Abraham (chapters 12-25) Abraham is one of the most significant and renowned persons in history. In Judaism and Islam, he is recognized as a patriarch, and for Christians he is known as the Father of the Faith. Chapter 5 traces the genealogy from Adam to Noah. In 11:10-26 we see that the list continues. God is writing a record of the predecessors of the Seed of the woman. - Whose name does the list end with (v. 26)?. - Why? (see 12:2-3)

18 18. Seminario Bíblico de las Américas The promise of Genesis 3:15 was passed on to Abraham. God took Abraham from his pagan culture and in addition to personal promises, He made national and universal promises to him (12:1-3). - I will make you a great nation. - I will bless you. - I will make your name great. - You shall be blessing. - I will bless those who bless you...whoever curses you I will curse - In you all the families of the earth will be blessed. The promised redeemer from Genesis 3:15 would come from a nation that would descend from Abraham. The life of this man was full of faith - a faith that was tested from when he was called to leave his homeland, to when he was commanded to sacrifice his son Isaac. The promise that Abraham would be a blessing to all the families on earth was fulfilled through Christ. Matthew begins his Gospel with the declaration that Jesus, the Savior of the world, is the son of Abraham (Matt. 1:1; Gal. 3:6-9). A brief outline of this patriarch s life: a. Abraham establishes himself in Canaan. (12-14). - His calling to Canaan. (12:1-9). - His descent into Egypt. (12:10-20). - His ascent from Egypt. (13:1-4). - His separation from Lot. (13:5-13). - The Land of Promise. (13:14-18). - Lot s rescue. (14:1-16). - The blessing of Melchizedek. (14:17-24). b. Abraham awaits the son of promise. (15-24). - The promise of a son. (15:1-21). - Hagar gives birth to Ishmael. (16:1-16). - The promise is renewed; the sign of the covenant. (17:1-27). - Abraham intercedes, Lot is rescued. (18:1-19:38). - Abraham is freed from Abimelech. (20:1-18). - The birth of Isaac. (21:1-7). - The parting of Ishmael. (21:8-21). - The covenant renewed through obedience. (22:1-24). c. Abraham prepares for his posterity. (23-25). - Abraham acquires a burial place. (23:1-20). - A wife for the son of promise. (24:1-67). - Isaac chosen as heir; death of Abraham. (25:1-18). 2. Isaac (15-35) Isaac was the son that God had promised to Abraham. Compared to his father or even his son Jacob, Isaac s life was relatively quiet and peaceful. Nevertheless, he was a man of faith and an instrument of blessing. Outline of the life of : a. His birth was promised to Abraham and Sarah. (15:4; 17:19). b. Bound to the sacrificial altar. (22:9). c. Choosing of a wife,. (24). d. God renews His covenant with Isaac. (26:2-5). e. Deceived by his son,. (27:19). f. His death. (35:28-29).

19 Seminario Bíblico de las Américas Jacob (25-49) Isaac had two sons, and. Esau was rejected and Jacob was chosen as the heir of the blessing (25:23). The personality of these two sons is revealed in their attitude towards this promise (25:29-34). Outline of the highlight events in the life of. a. Buying his brother s birthright. (25:33). b. Deceiving his father. (27:18-27). c. Fleeing to Haran. (27:43-28:5). d. The vision and the vow. (28:10-22). e. Dealings with Laban. (31). f. Wrestling with the angel. (32:24). g. Resolution with his brother, (33). h. The trip to Egypt and reunion with Joseph. (46) i. His death and burial. (49:33; 50:13). Jacob, whose name was changed by God to, is the true father of the chosen people. He fathered twelve sons who in turn were the fathers of the twelve tribes of Israel. Jacob s life and character are a type of the nation of Israel, his struggles symbolic of the nations tumultuous story: - The combination of his shrewd ability for business and his desire to know God. - Jacob was exiled from his own land for approximately 20 years. Israel had been exiled from their land for almost 20 centuries until modern Israel was given statehood in Jacob entered exile with the promise that the Lord would bring him back. In a similar fashion, Israel has known national restoration, due to God s love for Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (Romans 11:28). - God s plan came to fulfillment through Jacob despite his character flaws. The same will be true for Israel as a nation. Just as Jacob s character was transformed, so will Israel s be. 3rd Migration, From Israel To Egypt

20 20. Seminario Bíblico de las Américas 4. Joseph (37-50) Joseph, the son of Jacob s favorite wife Rachel, was the darling of his father. The obvious preferential treatment of Jacob toward the son of his old age created jealousy among Joseph s ten older brothers. Joseph was also favored by God who revealed to him through dreams that he would one day rule over the other members of his family. Furious with Joseph and his dreams, the brothers plotted against him. They sold him into slavery and expected never to see him again. Joseph was purchased by a high Egyptian official, and after much adversity, temptation, and years of waiting for the fulfillment of God s promise, he was promoted to second in the land. When Joseph s brothers traveled to Egypt in search of grain, they came to Joseph for help bowing before him. With this action, his childhood dreams from God were fulfilled. God allowed him to be sold into slavery and to suffer so that he could later be exalted and given the opportunity to feed his family during the years of famine. In Egypt they would colonize and become a strong nation. (Some 70 people moved to Egypt in Joseph s time. By the time they left Egypt they had grown to 2-3 million people - Exodus 12:37). In this land they would face many trials and hardships until God was ready to lead them into the Promised Land (45:7-8; 50:20). Outline of the highlights of events in the life of Joseph: a. Loved by his father. (37:3) b. Envied by his brothers. (37:4). c. Sold to the Ishmaelites. (37:18-36). d. Favored by God and his master. (39:1-6). e. Tempted. (39:7-19). f. Unjustly imprisoned. (39:20-41:13). g. Exalted by Pharaoh. (41:14-44). h. Revered by his brothers. (45:1-15). i. Reunited with his father,. (46:28-34). j. Joseph s death and hope for Israel. (50:22-26). Joseph s last words of blessing provide the appropriate conclusion for the era of the Patriarchs. Though his life ended in Egypt, his oral blessing would act as a legal pact. Joseph enacted the covenant that God had made with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. The promise had been faithfully transmitted to each generation and Joseph believed that God would see to the fulfillment of it when Israel returned to the land they had been promised (15:1-21; 50:24-26).

21 LESSON 4 Holy Nation of God Exodus - Leviticus Exodus 20:2, I Am the Lord your God, who of the land... of slavery. 4th Migration, From Egypt To Israel EXODUS: the word means going out. The book tells the story of how God, through His power and grace, delivered His people from slavery in Egypt. LEVITICUS: means of the Levites. This book contains instructions for the Levites (members of the tribe of Levi), those in charge of religious service and worship of God. In EXODUS we see that God gives Moses instructions to build the Tabernacle; in LEVITICUS we find instructions for worship in the Tabernacle. A. EXODUS The book of Exodus represents the continuation of the Genesis story and recounts how a small group of 70 people developed into a nation of several million inhabitants. The Hebrews lived in Egypt for 430 years, the majority of them as slaves. After years of cruel oppression by the Egyptians, God appeared to Moses in the burning bush and commissioned him to lead His people to freedom. Exodus picks up the story of Moses, the deliverance of the people of Israel from slavery, the journey from Egypt to Mount Sinai where they received the 10 Commandments, instructions on how to construct the Tabernacle, and the building of the Tabernacle itself as a dwelling place for God.

22 22. Seminario Bíblico de las Américas In Leviticus we find the instructions on how to carry out service to God. OUTLINE OF EXODUS: 1. Israel in captivity, 400 years. (1-2) 2. Israel is liberated. (3-15:22) 3. Israel travels to Sinai. (15:23-19) 4. Israel receives the 10 commandments. (20-23) 5. Israel worships. The Tabernacle is built. (24-40) 1. Israel in Captivity (1-2) a. Oppression of Israel. (1). b. The birth of Moses. (2:1-4). c. Moses adoption. (2:5-10). What privileges does Moses reject in the royal palace? - Heb. 11:24. - Heb. 11:25. - Heb. 11:26. d. Moses imprudent zeal. (2:11-14). e. Moses flees. (2:15). f. Moses marriage. (2:16-22). The slavery prophesied in Genesis 15:7-16 reminded Israel to turn to God (Ex. 2:23; Rom. 10:13). Moses did not forget his people despite spending his first 40 years of life in Pharaoh s palace (Ex. 2:7-9; Heb. 11:24-26). Later he spent another 40 years in God s school in the desert (Acts 7:30; Ex. 3:11). These events occurred before he became Israel s liberator and leader for another 40 years. 2. Israel is liberated (3-15) a. The calling and commission of Moses. (3:1-4:28). b. Moses returns to Egypt. (4:24-31). c. Moses confronts Pharaoh. (5-6). d. The 10 plagues. (7-11). - 1st plague: Ex. 7: nd plague: Ex. 8: rd plague: Ex. 8: th plague: Ex. 8: th plague: Ex. 9: th plague: Ex. 9: th plague: Ex. 9: th plague: Ex. 10: th plague: Ex. 10: th plague: Ex. 12:29-30.

23 Seminario Bíblico de las Américas 23. e. The Passover. (12). - The word Passover literally means to pass over. Ex. 12:13...when I see the blood, I will pass over you. No destructive plague will touch you when I strike Egypt. - The innocent and faultless Passover lamb clearly represents the Lamb of God, the sacrificed Son whose spilt blood pays the price of our redemption. On that terrible night of judgment over Egypt, the people were given two choices: apply the blood and live, or deny the sacrifice of the Lamb and die. f. Exodus from Egypt. (13). g. Crossing the Red Sea. (14-15:21). In the Old Testament, the deliverance of Israel from Egypt is possible through God s power. What is the measure of His power in the New Testament? (Eph. 1:19-20; Phil. 3:10). Foreshadowing in the Book of Exodus: Egypt Gal. 1:4; Rom. 6:18. The Lamb John 1:29. The blood on the doorposts Rom. 3:25;1 Peter 1: The unleavened bread 1 Cor. 5:8. Eating the Passover lamb 1 Cor. 11:24. The crossing of the Red Sea 1 Cor. 10: Israel travels to Sinai. (15:23-19) a. Mara, bitter waters. (15) b. Elim, springs and palm trees. (15:27) c. The Desert of Sin, Manna. (16) d. Rephidim, striking the rock, battle with the Amalekites. (17) e. Sinai, visit from Jethro. (18) 4. Israel receives the 10 commandments. (20-23) a. Moses climbs Mount Sinai. (19) b. The Ten Commandments. (20:1-17) (Do you have them memorized?) - 1st commandment. - 2nd commandment. - 3rd commandment. - 4th commandment. - 5th commandment. - 6th commandment. - 7th commandment. - 8th commandment. - 9th commandment. - 10th commandment. c. Civil Law. (21-23)

24 24. Seminario Bíblico de las Américas 5. Israel worships. The Tabernacle is built. (24-40) a. Moses receives the plans for the Tabernacle. (24-31) b. The Tablets of the law are broken. (32-34) c. The Tabernacle under construction. (35-39) d. The Tabernacle built and inaugurated. (40) Plans For The Tabernacle

25 Seminario Bíblico de las Américas 25. The Furnishings Of The Tabernacle On Mount Sinai, God and His people established a special bond. Jehovah came to be the God of Israel and Israel became Jehovah s people. For this communion to continue, God ordered the building of the Tabernacle: Then have them make a sanctuary for me, and I will dwell among them. Ex. 25:8 - Tabernacle: in Hebrew it means dwelling place. Though God is present everywhere, He established a physical place where His people could always find Him at home. - Tent of Meeting: it was the point of contact and the means of communication between heaven and earth (29:42-43). - Tabernacle of Testimony: it was sometimes referred to in this way due to the presence of the two tablets of the Law that were placed in the ark. These tablets were called tablets of Testimony (31:18; 34:29). They testified to God s holiness and man s sin. - Sanctuary: Literally meaning holy place - a building set apart as a Divine dwelling place.

26 26. Seminario Bíblico de las Américas B. LEVITICUS: BE HOLY, BECAUSE I AM HOLY (LEV. 11:44) Exodus recounts the story of redemption of a captive people. Leviticus tells how a redeemed people can approach God and live in communion with Him. It is a record of Laws and instructions explaining the duties of the priests and people as they worship God at His tabernacle. The message of Leviticus is: access to God is only through blood atonement (Lev. 17:11), and demands holiness on behalf of the worshipper. Be holy because I, the Lord your God, am holy (Lev. 19:2). Only those who are cleansed by sacrificial blood can draw near to the Lord in worship and celebrate His presence. The practical purpose of Leviticus is: to show what is and what is not pleasing to God. It contains the code of laws that were designed to make Israel spiritually, morally, mentally, and physically different from surrounding nations. In other words, Israel was to be a holy nation, separate from the ways and customs of its neighboring nations. They were to be consecrated in their service to the one, true God. OUTLINE OF LEVITICUS: 1. Laws concerning Offerings. (1-7) 2. Laws concerning the Priesthood. (8-10) 3. Laws concerning Purification. (11-22) 4. Laws concerning Feasts. (23-24) 5. Laws concerning the Land. (25-27) 1. Laws concerning Offerings. (1-7) Sacrifices were introduced as a means by which the people could express their worship to God. a. The Burnt Offering (1:1-17): Represented full consecration to Jehovah. b. The Grain Offering (2:1-16): Represented a voluntary gift offering to the Lord in recognition of His goodness. c. The Peace Offering (3:1-17): This was eaten partly by the priest and partly by the one who offered the offering, symbolizing fellowship with God and thanksgiving for blessing. d. The Sin Offering (4:1-5:13): For sin or ritual uncleanness. Expressed sadness for committed sin and a desire for forgiveness and cleansing. e. The Guilt Offering (5:14-6:7): Offered for an offense that demanded restitution. f. Other Instructions (6:8-7:38). 2. Laws concerning the Priesthood. (8-10) These chapters record the ordination of Aaron and his sons to the priesthood and the beginning of their ministry. a. Ordination (8), this included: washing with water, wearing priestly clothing, anointing with oil, animal sacrifice and the sprinkling of the blood. b. Ministry (9), the priest offered sacrifices for himself and the people. c. Failure (10), the sons of Aaron, Nabad and Abihu, took ordinary fire instead of the fire from the altar to burn incense. To emphasize to the people the importance of holiness and the responsibility of the priesthood, God used these two as examples and destroyed them by fire (1 Cor. 11:20-32).

27 Seminario Bíblico de las Américas Laws concerning Purification. (11-22) As a holy nation, Israel was to be holy in every area of life: a. Holy eating. (11) b. Holy bodies. (12-14:32) c. Holy homes. (14:33-57) d. Holy habits. (15) e. Annually renewed holiness. (16) f. Holy service. (17) g. Holy ethics. (18) h. Holy customs and dress. (19-22) 4. Laws concerning Feasts. (23-24) a. The Sabbath (23:1-3). After six days of labor, the seventh day of the week, or Sabbath, was to be a day of rest from work. b. The Passover and Feast of Unleavened Bread (23:4-8). Passover celebrated the occasion when the angel of death struck the Egyptians and passed over the houses of the Israelites. The memorial festival lasted one day and marked God s redemption of His people from Egypt. The feast of Unleavened Bread lasted seven days and commemorated the departure from Egypt. c. Feast of the Firstfruits (23:9-14). A celebration of thanksgiving in which the first fruit of the harvest was presented before the Lord. d. Pentecost (Weeks) (23:15-22), was celebrated fifty days after the Feast of the Firstfruits. At Pentecost (literally meaning fifty ), new grain was offered in thanksgiving to the Lord. e. Feast of Trumpets (23:23-25). The first day of Israel s civil year. New Year s Day. f. Day of Atonement (23:27-32), was a day of fasting and prayer. The high priest entered the Holy of Holies once a year with the blood of the slain offerings to make atonement for himself and the nation. There were many offerings made during this feast including the sacrifice of two goats: one was offered as a sin offering; but on the head of the other, the scapegoat, Aaron would place his hands and confess the sins of the nation before sending the animal out into the desert. The first goat represented Christ suffering the judgment for our sins through His death, the second represented Christ s removal of our sins, remembering them no more. g. Feast of Tabernacles (tents) (23:33-44). During this week the people lived outside in shelters made of branches commemorating the time their forefathers lived in tents after their departure from Egypt. Note the continuity of these feasts and how well they tell the story of redemption: - Passover: The crucifixion. - Firstfruits: The resurrection of Christ. - Pentecost: The outpouring of the Holy Spirit. - Trumpets: The resurrection of the dead through Christ and the Rapture. - Tabernacles: Our dwelling in the presence of God forever.

28 28. Seminario Bíblico de las Américas 5. Laws concerning the Land. (25-27) a. The Sabbath Year. (25) b. The Year of Jubilee. (25) c. Reward and punishment. (26) d. Voluntary vows. (27) The Sabbath year. Every seventh year the land was to be given a rest from cultivation. The year of Jubilee was a Sabbath year celebrated every fifty years. It began on the Day of Atonement announced by the blowing of a ram s horn. During this time, the land was given rest from sowing and reaping, all debt was canceled, all Hebrew slaves were freed, and all properties were returned to their original owner. The purpose was to prevent the perpetual slavery of the poor and the accumulation of riches for the wealthy. It also preserved the distinction of the tribes and their possessions.

29 LESSON 5 Looking to Canaan Numbers and Deuteronomy Numbers 6:24-26, The Lord bless you and. The Lord make His face upon you and be gracious to you; the Lord turn his toward you and give you peace. A. NUMBERS The book of Numbers, receives its name from two census lists recorded by Moses. The first census is taken of the Israelites who left Egypt. The second, taken approximately forty years later, is of those who were about to enter the Promised Land. This book describes the events that occurred during the 39 years Israel wandered in the desert, B.C. - In Genesis, Israel is Chosen. - In Exodus, Israel is Delivered. - In Leviticus, Israel is Instructed, - In Numbers, Israel is Numbered.

30 30. Seminario Bíblico de las Américas OUTLINE OF NUMBERS: 1. At Mount Sinai. (1-9) 2. From Sinai to Kadesh. (10-19) 3. From Kadesh to Moab. (20-36) These are the main journeys of the Israelites in the book of Numbers. 1. At Mount Sinai. (1-9) a. The first census. (1-2) - What was the purpose of the census? (1:3) - Why was it necessary to make a distinction between the tribes (1:2, 4; Heb. 7:14) and the families of Israel? (Luke1:27) - Which tribe would lead the forward advance? (2:3, 10:14).

31 Seminario Bíblico de las Américas What was the total population according to the census? (2:32) - What was the total number of the Levites? (3:39). b. The census of the priests and Levites. (3-4) There were differences in the offices of the Priests and the Levites which should be noted: - The Priests were members of the tribe of Levi who were the descendants of Aaron and his sons (3:2-4). They were in charge of the priestly functions of the tabernacle such as the sacrifices and ministering in the Holy Place, etc. - The Levites were all the other members of the tribe of Levi. They were to assist Aaron and his sons in their duties (3:9), and care for the tabernacle with its furnishings and instruments. - All the priests were Levites but not all the Levites were priests. c. Purifying the Camp. (5-6) d. Offerings of the Leaders. (7) e. Separation of the Levites. (8) f. The second Passover and the covering cloud. (9) 2. From Sinai to Kadesh. (10-19) a. Rebellion and punishment of the first generation. (10-36:13) b. Setting out from the Sinai Wilderness. (10) - What was to go before Israel? (10:33) - What did this represent? (Ex. 25:20-22; Jos. 7:6) - What lesson is there in this for us? (2 Cor. 6:14) c. The people complain (11:1-3). How were they disciplined? d. Cry for meat (11:4-35). What did they receive? e. The rebellion of Aaron and Miriam (12). Note how contagious the spirit of rumor and murmuring was - it affected even Aaron and Miriam. f. Lack of faith from the people in response to the report of the 12 spies (13-14). - What kind of report did the spies bring? (13:26-27) - What was the effect of the report on the people? What did they try to do? (14:4, 10) - What happened to the ten spies who lacked faith? (14:37)

32 32. Seminario Bíblico de las Américas - In 14:22, the Lord mentions the fact that the people had tested Him ten times: Exodus 14,. Exodus 15,. Exodus 16,. Exodus 16:20,. Exodus 16:27,. Exodus 17,. Exodus 32,. Numbers 11,. Numbers 12,. Numbers 14,. g. Korah s Rebellion (16-17) against the authority of Moses and Aaron. Rumors that began in Egypt developed into an open rebellion. - Did Moses justify himself? (16:4). - Who was Korah truly rebelling against? (16:11). - How was Korah punished? (32). - The 250 men? (35). h. Ceremonial Laws (of purification) (18-19) - Thirty-eight years of wandering through the desert brings the people to Kadesh, where they had first set out on their long journey. - This was a period of waiting as the disbelieving generation passed away. 3. From Kadesh to Moab. (20-36) a. The sin of Moses. (20:11; Ps. 106:32-33) b. The death of Miriam and Aaron. (20:1, 28) c. The people speak against God and Moses; the bronze serpent. (21) d. The error and doctrine of Balaam. (22-25) e. The second census. (26) f. Preparation to enter the Promised Land. (27-36) B. DEUTERONOMY Deut. 6:5, And you shall love the Lord your God with all your and with all your and with all your. Deuteronomy comes from two Greek words meaning second law. This is not talking about a new set of Laws, but rather a review of the laws and history written in the previous three books. A new generation had arisen during the wilderness journey and was about to enter the Promised Land. The re-statement of the law was to remind them of the past and to prepare them for the future. To the degree that they knew and obeyed God s Law, they would enjoy His blessing. Deuteronomy is the last of the five books written by Moses, the Pentateuch.

33 Seminario Bíblico de las Américas 33. Nearing the end of his remarkable 120 year life, Moses, the great man of God, bids farewell to Israel like a loving and caring father to his children. As the spiritual father of Israel he pronounces blessings over the twelve tribes. The last chapter of the book containing the account of Moses death, was probably written by his successor, Joshua. OUTLINE OF DEUTERONOMY: We will outline DEUTERONOMY following the three exhortations of Moses which make up the majority of the book: Remember, Obey, and Pay Attention. 1. Remember: Review of what God has done. (1-4) 2. Obey: Review of the Law. (5-27) 3. Pay attention: Prophecies concerning Israel s future. (28-34) 1. Remember: Review of what God has done. (1-4) a. Moses reviews Israel s Pilgrimages (1-3). b. Moses uses this review as the basis of his exhortation (4). - Where do we find Israel in the beginning of the book? (1:5). - What should be Israel s attitude towards God s Word? (4:2) - Why was it so important for Israel to learn and obey God s Law? (4:6) - What days did Moses prophesy about? (4:25-30) 2. Obey: Review of the Law. (5-27) a. The Ten Commandments. (5-6) b. Practical Commands, Promises and Warnings. (7-12) c. False Prophets. (13) d. Ceremonial Laws. (14-16) e. A Future King and Future Prophet. (17-18) f. Civil Laws. (19-26) g. Blessings (obedience) and Curses (disobedience). (27) - What is God s sincere desire for His people? (5:29) - What is the Great Commandment? (6:4-5). - What were two of God s motives for choosing Israel? (7:8) - What was the purpose of taking the people through the desert? (8:2-5, 16) - What was God s only requirement of Israel? (10:12).

34 34. Seminario Bíblico de las Américas 3. Pay attention: Prophecies concerning Israel s future. (28-34) a. Blessings and Curses. (28) b. The Land Covenant. (29-30) c. Moses final words to the Levites, Priests, and Joshua. (31) d. Song of Moses. (32) e. Moses blesses the Tribes. (33) f. Death and Burial of Moses. (34) - 28: would have been fulfilled had Israel been obedient; will ultimately be fulfilled in the Millennium. - 28: experienced during times of apostasy under the rulership of Israel s kings, and culminated with the Babylonian Captivity. - 28: the Destruction of Jerusalem in the year A.D. 70 and the time following (Luke 21:20-24) were a fulfillment of these verses. - There are two Covenants that refer to the possession of Canaan. The first is the Abrahamic Covenant (Gen. 17:7-8). It is unconditional and does not depend upon Israel s conduct for its fulfillment (Jer. 31:35-37; Rom. 11:26-29). A second covenant, the Land Covenant (also known as the Palestinian Covenant), has a conditional aspect: if you diligently obey the voice of the Lord your God... the Lord your God will set you high above all nations of the earth (28:1), but it shall come to pass, if you will not obey... that all these curses will come upon you... (28:15). The Land Covenant allowed the Lord to punish Israel s disobedience with temporary exile without banishing them forever. The Abrahamic Covenant is the safeguarded inheritance for an obedient Israel; the Land Covenant is used to reinforce their obedience, and takes the following steps into account: Banishment of Israel for their disobedience. (30:1) The future Repentance of Israel. (30:2) The Return of the Lord. (30:3) Restoration of Israel to the Promised Land. (30:5) National Conversion. (30:6) Judgment of Israel s oppressors. (30:7) National Prosperity. (30:9) - With what frequency is the law to be read to the people? (31:10-13). - The concepts of the outline of this book: Remember, Obey, and Pay Attention, are also found in the Song of Moses, a poem to be learned, remembered and passed on from generation to generation (32). - Has there been another prophet like Moses? (34:10). The leadership of Moses was so significant, that the story of his life covers more than one seventh of the entire Old Testament.

35 LESSON 6 Possessing the Land of Promise Joshua, Judges, and Ruth Joshua 24:15b...as for me and my house, we will the Lord. The Conquest Of Canaan

36 36. Seminario Bíblico de las Américas A. JOSHUA Tells the story of Israel s conquest and occupation of the land promised to Abraham and his descendants so long ago. The secret of their success was that, The Lord fought for them The author is Joshua and the book spans a period of 24 years, from B.C. from the death of Moses to the death of Joshua. During the 40 years that Israel roamed the desert, God was preparing Joshua to become Moses successor. Under his spiritual and military leadership, the children of Israel miraculously crossed the Jordan River, conquered the land, and divided it between the twelve tribes. OUTLINE OF JOSHUA: 1. Crossing into the Land. (1-5) 2. The Conquest of the Land. (6-12) 3. Dividing the Territory. (13-22) 4. Joshua s Farewell Address. (23-24) 1. Crossing into the Land. (1-5) a. Joshua Commissioned. (1) b. Rahab and the Spies. (2) c. Crossing the Jordan. (3) d. Two Memorial Stones. (4) e. Consecration Ceremonies. (5) - What was the extent of the land to be possessed? (1:3) - What phrase did God repeat to Joshua three times? (1:6, 7, 9) - What kind of woman was Rahab? (2:1) What saved her? (Heb. 11:31) - What was erected in memory of crossing the River Jordan? (4:3, 9) - What effect did the people have on the neighboring countries? (5:1) - What dietary changes took place? (5:11-12) - Who was the true Leader of Israel? (5:13-14) 2. The Conquest of the Land. (6-12) a. Obedience yields fruit, Jericho is conquered. (6) b. Sin causes defeat, Achan. (7) c. Repentance leads to victory at Ai. (8) d. Deceit brings servitude: the Gibeonites. (9) e. Miracles lead to victory: the Amorites. (10) f. The final conquest of the Land and its Leaders. (11-12)

37 Seminario Bíblico de las Américas What warning was given to Israel? (6:18) - Who was punished due to one man s sin? (7:1) - What mistake did Joshua commit with the Gibeonites? (9:14) - What was the extent of the territory that Joshua took? (11:23) - How many kings did Joshua conquer? (12:24) - What was the secret of his success? (10:42) THE 12 TRIBES OF ISRAEL

38 38. Seminario Bíblico de las Américas 3. Dividing the Territory. (13-22) a. Land not yet conquered. (13:1-7) b. Portions (east of the Jordan) for Reuben, Gad and Manasseh. (13:8-33) c. The land west of the Jordan. (14:1-5) d. Portion for Caleb. (14:6-15) e. Portion for Judah. (15:1-63) f. Portions for Ephraim and Manasseh. (16-17) g. Portions for the remaining Tribes. (18-19) h. Portion for Joshua. (19:49-51) i. The Cities of Refuge and the Levites. (20-21) 4. Joshua s Farewell Address. (23-24) a. Joshua advises the leaders. (23) b. Joshua challenges the people. (24) c. Death of Joshua. (24:29-33) - What did Joshua commend the leaders to do? (23:6, 8, 11) - What choice did he offer the people? (24:15) - What was the promise the people voluntarily made? (24:16-18) B. JUDGES Judges 21:25, In those days there was no king in Israel; everyone did. AUTHOR: According to Jewish custom, this book was written by Samuel, one of Israel s greatest judges. The book of Judges spans a period of about 325 years from the death of Joshua to the establishment of the monarchy. Joshua is a book about Victory; Judges is a book about Failure. The passage found in 2:11-19 summarizes the history of Judges: sin, servitude, crying out to God, deliverance, temporary faithfulness to God, then sin again, and the cycle repeats itself.

39 Seminario Bíblico de las Américas 39. Israel repeated this cycle of sin seven times throughout the period of the judges, when there was no king in Israel. - Israel would stray from the Lord s path. - God allowed the neighboring nations to oppress and rule over them. - They cried out to the Lord for help. - God granted them a deliverer (judge). - The people would serve God faithfully for a time, but then repeat the cycle. Each time the people cried out to God in their time of trouble, He appointed one or more judges to deliver them. Each time it is made clear that it was God who delivered His people through the judge. Throughout Judges, God clearly shows that sin and disobedience are always punished and that justice and obedience will always be rewarded. His judgments and rewards are not always immediate, but we can be sure that they will come (Ecc. 8:11-13). OUTLINE OF JUDGES: 1. Period after Joshua. (1-3) 2. Reign of the Judges. (3-16) 3. Anarchy in Israel. (17-21) 1. Period after Joshua. (1-3) a. Incomplete victory. (1) b. The angel s visit. (2:1-5) c. Israel s failure. (2:6-3:4) Under the leadership of Joshua, the Israelites were victorious over the Canaanites because of their obedience to God. However the tribes did not completely drive out the Canaanites as He had commanded (1:21, 27, 29-33) revealing a seed of disobedience that would bring a harvest of anguish for the nation of Israel.

40 40. Seminario Bíblico de las Américas In Deuteronomy 7:2-5, we find 4 Prohibitions, 4 Warnings and 4 Commands with respect to the Canaanites: a. 4 Prohibitions (vs. 2-3): - You shall defeat, then you shall them. - You shall make no with them - and show to them. - Furthermore, you shall not with them. b. 4 Warnings (v. 4): - Because, they will turn. - and serve. - then the will be kindled against you. - and He will. c. 4 Commands (v. 5): - you shall tear. - smash their. - hew down their. - and burn. 2. Reign of the Judges. (3-16) There were twelve judges (excluding Abimelech, the usurper). Each judge was called by God and given special power and ability to lead Israel in times of need. Yet the majority of these twelve could be categorized as belonging to the group of people Paul describes in 1 Cor 1:27-28 as foolish, weak and despised. Throughout the book of Judges we see God bringing strength out of human weakness. DESCRIPTION OF THE TWELVE JUDGES NAME REFERENCE IDENTIFICATION 1. OTHNIEL 1:12-13; 3:7-11 Conquered a Canaanite city. 2. EHUD 3:12-30 Killed Eglon, king of Moab, and defeated the Moabites. 3. SHAMGAR 3:31 Killed 600 Philistines with an ox goad. 4. DEBORAH (BARAK) 4-5 Led an army and conquered Sisera s troops. 5. GIDEON 6-8 Defeated 135,000 Midianites with 300 men. 6. TOLA 10:1-2 Ruled as judge for 23 years. 7. JAIR 10:3-5 Judged Israel for 22 years. 8. JEPHTHAH 11:1-12:7 Defeated the Ammonites. 9. IBZAN 12:8-10 Ruled as judge for 7 years. 10. ELON 12:11-12 Judged Israel for 10 years. 11. ABDON 12:13-15 Judged Israel for 8 years. 12. SAMSON Killed 1000 Philistines, judged 20 years.

41 Seminario Bíblico de las Américas 41. During the occasional ruling of the Judges, God fulfilled the role of King of Israel. The Israelites where under the direct government of God Himself, a form of government known as Theocracy (1Sam. 12:12).

42 42. Seminario Bíblico de las Américas 3. Anarchy in Israel. (17-21) a. Anarchy in Religious Life. (17-18) b. Anarchy in Moral Life. (19) c. Anarchy in National Life. (20-21) The final section of the book offers examples of the spiritual desertion of Israel. First, was the case of idolatry in the tribe of Dan. Second, the violation and assassination of the concubine of a Levite by men from the tribe of Benjamin. The third example was an instance of national anarchy: civil war was the devastating result of moral anarchy. The last verse in the book (21:25) explains the reason behind the wretched conditions of the time:...everyone did what was right in his own eyes. C. RUTH Ruth 1:16,...for where you go,, and where you lodge,. Your people shall be, and your God,. The book of Ruth is a bright note in the dark period of the Judges. In this story we see the faithfulness and nobility of character of specific individuals at a time where these qualities were lacking in much of Israel. The last word of the book, the word David, reveals the essential purpose of the story: to trace David s lineage as the ancestor of the Messiah. AUTHOR: According to Jewish tradition this book was written by Samuel. The book spans a period of 10 years, probably during the rulership of Gideon. OUTLINE OF RUTH: 1. Ruth 1 Decides. 2. Ruth 2 Serves. 3. Ruth 3 Rests. 4. Ruth 4 Rewarded. Ruth, a gentile from the land of Moab, became the daughter-in-law of Naomi and Elimelech, immigrants from Bethlehem of Judah who had resettled in Moab to escape the famine. After Naomi and Ruth both became widows, they decided to return to Canaan. There Ruth worked in the field of Boaz, a relative of Elimelech, who eventually redeemed Naomi s property and married Ruth. God rewarded the couple by giving them a son, Obed, who would become the grandfather of King David. The royal family-line begins here. Chapter 4:18-22 is the culminating point of the book. Though it appears to be simply a list of names, it reveals the purpose of the book, which is to trace the lineage of David, the ancestor of the Messiah (Mat. 1:3-6). God worked through a woman who was a foreigner in Judah in order to fulfill His divine plan for Israel and for the world. Human categories and limitations do not hinder God, for He always comes through with His purposes.

43 LESSON 7 Times of Transition 1st Samuel SAMUEL S MINISTRY As a Judge, Samuel visited the cities of Bethel, Gilgal, and Mizpah every year. 1 Sam. 16:7, God sees not as, for man looks at the outward appearance, but the Lord looks. The story of the judges does not end in the book that bears their name, but continues into the first chapters of 1 Samuel recounting the story of Eli and Samuel, the last two judges in Israel. Originally the books of 1st and 2nd Samuel were a single book: The Book of Samuel. 1 Samuel describes the transition of leadership in Israel from the governing of judges to the ruling of kings. It is both History and Biography and its content is grouped around three main characters: - Samuel: a prophet and judge with a humble and consecrated heart who obediently served God. - Saul: a selfish, jealous, obstinate, inconsistent, and unfaithful king. - David: a man after God s own heart, the sweet singer of Israel, a man of prayer and worship who was tested, disciplined, pursued, and finally crowned as king of Israel. The birth of Samuel to the death of Saul spans a period of approximately 115 years, from B.C. Though Saul is king until the end of the book, most of the story revolves around his successor.

44 44. Seminario Bíblico de las Américas OUTLINE OF 1 SAMUEL: 1. History of Samuel. (1-7) 2. History of Saul. (8-15) 3. History of David. (16-31) 1. History of Samuel. (1-7) a. Birth and childhood of Samuel. (1-2:11) b. Samuel s calling. (2:11-3) c. Loss of the Ark of the Covenant. (4-5) d. Return of the Ark. (6-7) Samuel was born at a time when Israel was spiritually weak and vulnerable to attack from their enemies. It was a turbulent time when the word of the Lord was rare (3:1). Because of his spiritual sensitivity and responsiveness to God, Samuel transformed Israel from a weak and idolatrous nation to a people spiritually strong and alive for God. Samuel was born into the home of a Levite called,. This Levite had two wives; one was named, the other. (1:1-2) - Why was Hannah s heart heavy? (1:8) - What kind of son did she ask for? (1:11) - What is the meaning of the name Samuel? (1:20) - Did Hannah fulfill her vow? How was she rewarded? (1:24-28, 2:21) Although Eli s sons, the priests Hophni and Phinehas were raised together with Samuel, there was a marked difference in their dedication to God and in their destiny from that of Samuel s. One honored God and lived a long life of service to Him. The other two dishonored God and were removed. The Philistine wars brought an end to Eli s family when in a single day his two sons were killed in battle. Eli fell over in shock and died upon hearing the bad report. But Samuel prevailed against the Philistines throughout his years as judge and was honored in Israel as a great leader and prophet. Chapters 4 and 5 recount the capture of the Ark of the Covenant by the Philistines. The Ark symbolized God s presence and glory and was carried before the Israelites during their pilgrimages in the desert. Believing the Ark would bring protection, the army of Israel began to carry it with them into battle. During this time the people superstitiously trusted the symbol more than God Himself for their deliverance. - What was the effect on Israel when the Ark was brought back? (6:13) - What brought about repentance? (7:6-14)

45 Seminario Bíblico de las Américas History of Saul. (8-15) a. Israel demands a king. (8) b. Saul is chosen and anointed as king. (9-10) c. Saul s first victory. (11) d. Samuel s farewell address. (12) e. Saul is rejected. (13-15) - What was Israel s reason for desiring a King? (8:5b) - What was the excuse to ask for a King? (8:3-5) - Was this God s desire or Israel s? (10:17-19) - Did God reject them for this? (12:19, 22) - How did King Saul disobey? (13:11-12) - What did his disobedience cost him? (13:13)

46 46. Seminario Bíblico de las Américas - What was declared to King Saul? (13:14) - What sealed Saul s fate? (15:1-9) - What excuse did Saul give Samuel? (15:21) - How did Samuel respond? (15:22) - What kind of repentance was it? (15:30) - What were Samuel s sentiments concerning Saul? The Lord s sentiments? (15:35) Saul s reign was chaotic. It was strained with constant personal problems and with the threat of Philistine oppression. While it became clear that Saul was not an apt leader, David began to emerge in the nation as God s champion, ready to defeat the Philistines and govern the land. (1 Sam ). David Flees From Saul In God s eyes, Saul s reign was over, and the Spirit of the Lord departed from him (16:14). God chose a new king, David, who was anointed in private by Samuel (16:1,13). The emphasis in 1 Samuel shifts now from Saul to David.

47 3. History of David. (16-31) a. David is anointed King. (16) b. David defeats Goliath. (17) c. David flees from Saul. (18-30) d. Saul s death. (31) Seminario Bíblico de las Américas How does Samuel judge a potential king? (16:6) - How does God judge a potential king? (16:6) - What occurred after David was anointed? (16:13) David became famous throughout Israel when he slew the Philistine giant, Goliath (17). After this amazing victory, he achieved many more military successes and received the praises of the people: Saul has slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands. King Saul, on the other hand, looked upon David s triumphs with resentment and responded with violence (18:7-11). Even though Saul soon realized that David was God s anointed one destined to become the next king of Israel, he attempted many times to eliminate him, perceiving David as a threat to his power. The last step in Saul s final decline was his involvement with the medium at Endor (28:1-21). Saul, who had enjoyed a distinguished beginning, faced a miserable end. Driven by fear and anxiety, he consulted with the spiritist. The following day Saul died on the battlefield. His death was tragic and unnecessary, but was unavoidable for one who neither knew nor revered God. Saul s Decline David s Ascent

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49 LESSON 8 The Reign of King David 2nd Samuel, 1st Chronicles 2 Samuel 22 :2, The Lord is my and my, and my. APPROXIMATE TIME SPAN: B.C. The young man whom God chose to replace Saul was David, a man whose heart was right and whose faith was great. Through David, God began a lineage of kings that continued throughout the Old Testament and ended with the birth of Christ. Jesus Christ is the Eternal King who was promised to David, and the Seed promised to Abraham. David s Family

50 50. Seminario Bíblico de las Américas The books of 2nd Samuel and 1st Chronicles both revolve around David, as God s anointed warrior king and a man after God s own heart. We should seek to learn what there is about David that deserves such an honorable title. Not only do we see him in his role as a king, but we observe his home life. We witness his deepest pain and greatest triumphs. We listen to his prayers and praises and his expressions of indignation. We note his words of generosity and kindness. We mourn over his transgressions and his sin and rejoice over his confession of guilt and his repentance. We observe his moments of impatience and royal dignity. In short,we see a complete picture of a man who truly places God first and whose character traits and achievements establish him as one of the most creative and effective rulers of all time. OUTLINE OF 2nd SAMUEL AND 1st CHRONICLES: 2nd Samuel 1st Chronicles 1. The Roots (genealogy) of God s people David laments Saul s death. (Ps. 18) Disintegration of Saul s dynasty. 2-4 The first nine chapters of 1 Chronicles trace the genealogical roots from Adam to the twelve tribes of Israel. - Which was the first tribe to recognize David as King? (2 Sam. 2:1-4) - How did David show his goodness towards Saul? (2:5-7) 2nd Samuel 1st Chronicles 4. The Conquest of Jerusalem (Home of the Ark) , Davidic Covenant (an Eternal Throne) David s conquests What city became the capital of the Kingdom? (2 Sam. 5:6-9) - How did the king receive the Ark? (2 Sam. 6:12-19) - What did David propose to do? (2 Sam. 7:1-13) - What did God propose to do? (2 Sam. 7:8-17) - Mention the nations conquered by David (2 Sam. 8, 10; 1 Chron ) - How did David show goodness towards Saul s family? (2 Sam. 9) Character imperfections are not omitted in the Bible. Even in the royal family we see a list of flaws and transgressions. David could not escape God s punishment for having sinned, but once he recognized, confessed and turned from his sin, he qualified as a man who pleased God. It was during this time, as he cried out to the Lord for forgiveness, that David wrote Psalm 51.

51 Seminario Bíblico de las Américas 51. 2nd Samuel 7. David s great sin (Bathsheba) Amnon s crime (as a result) Absalom s Rebellion David recovers the Throne in Jerusalem st Chronicles There are important lessons we can learn from David s wrongdoing: a. No matter how strong or spiritual a person is, if they take their eyes off of God they are apt to fall. b. The natural (or human) reaction to dealing with sin is to cover it up (2 Sam. 12:12). c. God s grace can forgive the darkest of sins when there is true repentance (2 Sam. 12:13). d. The law of sowing and reaping. Our choices affect us and others in dramatic ways whether we see the results immediately or not. The child of David s sinful union died. Two of his sons committed adultery and one committed murder. e. God will not ignore sin, even when one of His most beloved children is found guilty. Let s look at the tragic chain of events recorded in 2 Sam : - Carelessness and laziness (11:1). - A wandering eye (11:2). - Uncontrolled thoughts followed by a sinful act (11:3-5). - Lies and maneuvering (11:6-13). - Murder (11:14-17). - Misfortune and death (12:15, 19). It was not long after his actions regarding Bathsheba and Uriah that David began to reap the consequences of what he had sown. The troubles predicted by the prophet Nathan struck David s family with a vengeance. Amnon, his firstborn son, violated his half sister Tamar leading to his murder at the hands of her brother Absalom (2 Sam. 13). David loved his son Absalom, but his fear of public opinion made him hesitate to bring him back from the sentence of banishment. In the end, Absalom rebelled against his father s throne (2 Sam.15-18) and David was forced to flee Jerusalem (read Psalms 3). After Absalom s death, David returned to his beloved city, Jerusalem, accompanied by an honor guard from Judah. Not enough time is given to the leaders and soldiers of the northern tribes to assist in his restoration, causing jealousy, conflict, bloodshed (20) and the beginning of separation between the North and the South. This antagonism would eventually lead to a Divided Kingdom: Israel and Judah (1 Reyes 12:16-24). 2nd Samuel 1st Chronicles 11. The last years of King David a. The sin of numbering the people 24 21:1-27 b. Solomon charged with the building of the Temple 21:28-22:19 c. Responsibility of the Levites and Priests 23-26:28 d. Civil Officials 26:29-27:34 e. Challenge to the officials and the people 28:22 f. King David s last words 23:1-7 g. David s death 29:20-30

52 52. Seminario Bíblico de las Américas - What was the cause of the three years of famine? (2 Sam. 21:1) - Why was the census in 2 Sam. 24 sinful? - What was the punishment and what were the consequences? - Where was the temple to be built? - What was the number of Levites that David counted? (1 Chr. 23:3) - How many musicians? (1 Chr. 25:7) - How did David and the people give offerings to the Temple? (1 Chr. 29:9, 16) - How long did David reign in Israel? (1 Chr. 29:26-28). 2 Samuel 23:1-7 records the last registered words of David. In connection to this passage read Psalms 72:17-20: it seems to indicate that this was David s last prayer. - What are 3 things that are said of David? (2 Sam.23:1), and. - What is God s standard for the person who governs? (2 Sam. 23:3-4) - After a fruitful 40 year reign, this man of God died, at a ripe old age, full of, and. (1 Chr. 29:28)

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55 LESSON 9 The Reign of King Solomon 1st Kings 1-11, 2nd Chronicles Chronicles 7:13-14, If I shut up the heavens so that there is no rain or if I send pestilence among My people, and My people who are called by My name and, and My face and turn from their wicked ways, then I will hear from heaven, will forgive their sin, and will heal their land. APPROXIMATE TIME SPAN: B.C. During the forty years of Solomon s reign. Peace and prosperity: these are the two words that describe the years of Solomon s reign over Israel. Solomon received the benefits of his father David s accomplishments in uniting the nation, extending it s borders, and achieving international recognition. After David s death, God s promise that his house and kingdom would be eternally established, took a first step towards fulfillment when his son Solomon became king. Though Solomon was the last king to rule over the twelve tribes of Israel, the Davidic royal line continued, as we will see, in the Southern Kingdom of Judah. OUTLINE OF SOLOMON S REIGN: 1. Solomon is established as king. (1 Kings 1-4; 2 Chr. 1) 2. Solomon builds the Temple. (1 Kings 5-9; 2 Chr. 2-8) 3. Solomon and International Relations. (1 Kings 9-10; 2 Chr. 8-9) 4. Solomon, his Apostasy and Death. (1 Kings 11) 1. Solomon is established as king. (1 Kings 1-4; 2 Chr. 1) a. Solomon emerges as the sole ruler. (1 Kings 1:1-2:46) b. Solomon asks for wisdom. (1 R. 3:1-15; 2 Cr. 1:1-13) c. Solomon rules with wisdom. (1 R. 3:16-4:34) d. Commerce and prosperity. (2 Cr. 1:14-17) - Who attempted to take the throne when David was King? (2 Sam. 15:1-6) - Who had God chosen to be King after David? (1Chr. 22:9-10) - What was David s charge to Solomon? (1 Kings 2:1-4) v. 3: the charge of the Lord your God, in His ways, to keep His,,, and His, according to what is written, that you may in all that you do and you turn...

56 56. Seminario Bíblico de las Américas - How many burnt offerings did King Solomon offer to the Lord? (1 Kings 3:4) - What was the one thing Solomon asked God for? (1 Kings 3:5-9) - 1 Kings 4:30-31, And Solomon s wisdom surpassed the wisdom and his fame was known in all the surrounding nations. - What else did God give him? (1 Kings 3:10-14), and. - How many Proverbs did he compose?. How many songs? (1Kings 4:32) - How did Israel live during the times of Solomon? (1 Kings 4:20-25) - Which nations bordered Israel? (1 Kings 4:21) to the North, South, East, West. 2. Solomon builds the Temple. (1 Kings 5-9; 2 Chr. 2-8) a. The Temple in Jerusalem. (1 Kings 5:1-7:51; 2 Chr. 2:1-5:1) b. Solomon s Palace. (1 Kings 7:1-8) c. The Dedication of the Temple. (1 Kings 8-9:9; 2 Chr. 5:2-8:16) - The Temple built by Solomon represented an important moment in Israel s religious history. It was the fulfillment of King David s desire to establish a permanent place of worship to God. - The Temple was built on the top of Mount Moriah, where Abraham had gone to sacrifice his son, Isaac. This mount later became known as Mount Zion, although today that name has shifted to another location, a hill in Jerusalem just outside the walls of the Old City. - The Temple was twice as large as Moses Tabernacle. Its splendor and beauty was never equaled in Israel. - Solomon s Temple was destroyed in the year 586 B.C. by King Nebuchadnezzar. It was rebuilt in B.C. During the first century, Herod greatly enlarged and expanded this temple, which became known as Herod s Temple. It was destroyed once again in A.D. 70 by the Romans. In the 7th century, the Dome of the Rock, a Muslim shrine, was built on the site. - In what year after Israel s departure from Egypt was construction on the temple begun? (1 Kings 6:1) - How long was the temple under construction? (1 Kings 6:38) - What message did Solomon receive during this time? (1 Kings 6:11-13) - How long did the building of his palace take? (1 Kings 7:1) - What was placed in the Most Holy Place? (1 Kings 8:6) - What was in the Ark? (1 Kings 8:9)

57 Seminario Bíblico de las Américas In the dedication prayer, how many times is the phrase, then hear from heaven used and in response to what?(1 Kings 8:22-61): vs ; If a man sins... then hear from heaven?. vs.. vs.. vs.. vs.. - What happened when Solomon finished praying? (2 Chr. 7:1-5) God:. The People:. - What did God ask of Solomon? (2 Chr. 7:12-22) Solomon built the temple on Mount Moriah, north of the ancient city of David. The temple was built according to the instructions that David received from the Lord and passed down to his son Solomon (1Chr. 28:11-13, 19). The division between the sanctuary and the inner sanctuary corresponded to the existing division between the Holy Place and the Holy of Holies.

58 58. Seminario Bíblico de las Américas 3. Solomon and International Relations. (1 Kings 9-10; 2 Chr. 8-9) a. Fleet of ships in Ezion-geber. (1 Kings 9:26-28; 2 Chr. 8:17-18) b. The Queen of Sheba. (1 Kings 10:14-29; 2 Chr. 9:1-12) c. Merchants and Commerce. (1 Kings 10:14-29; 2 Chr. 9:13-31) No king of Israel ever equaled Solomon in his riches and wisdom. - So King Solomon became greater than all the kings on in and. (2 Chr. 9:22). 4. Solomon, his Apostasy and Death. (1 Kings 11; 2 Chr. 9:29-31) a. Solomon and his sin. (1 Kings 11:1-13) b. Solomon and his adversaries. (1 Kings 11:14-40) c. Solomon s death. (1 Kings 11:41-43) - What turned Solomon s heart from God? (1 Kings 11:4-8) - Who were some of his adversaries? (v ) - Why did Solomon rule his kingdom until death? (v. 34) - How many years did Solomon rule Israel? (v. 42). Even while Solomon was alive, the stage was set for the division of the Kingdom. The king was subject to the anguish of rebellion both inside his house and in many parts of his Kingdom. Solomon s personal failure to obey and serve God all the days of his life called for judgment. The rest of Solomon s life transpired quickly. As a result of his disloyalty to God, national tragedy resulted; the Kingdom was to be divided. Solomon s son, Rehoboam, would rule only two tribes, Benjamin and Judah. It seems that Solomon had forgotten his father s deathbed commission (1 Kings 2:3). Keep of the Lord your God, to to His statutes, His commandments, His ordinances, and His testimonies... that you may in all that you and wherever you. Only the covenant God had made with David prevented Solomon s dynasty from being cut off. Jeroboam, Solomon s servant, became the first king of the Northern Kingdom composed of 10 of Israel s 12 tribes (1 Kings 11:26-31). Period Of The Kingdoms UNITED DIVIDED CAPTIVITY Saul David Solomon Israel - 10 Tribes Judah 2 Tribes Samuel 8 1 Kings 12 2 Kings 17 2 Kings 25

59 LESSON 10 The Northern Kingdom (Israel) 1 Kings 12-22, 2 Kings 1-17 Kings And Prophets Of Israel And Judah 1 Kings 18:21 Y Elijah went before the people and said: How long will you opinions? If the Lord, follow Him; but if Baal is, follow him. APPROXIMATE TIME SPAN: (2 centuries)

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61 Seminario Bíblico de las Américas 61. Solomon appointed his son Rehoboam as his successor. After Solomon s death, while Rehoboam was in Shechem for his coronation as monarch of the united kingdom, the people of Israel approached him asking for the heavy tax load imposed by his father to be lightened as a prerequisite to remaining united under his reign. Rehoboam foolishly disregarded the advice of his older counselors and insensitively refused their legitimate request. As a result, the ten Northern tribes revolted and refused to recognize him as king (1 Kings 12:1-16). Instead, they choose Jeroboam, Solomon s servant, to rule over them (12:20). Where was Jeroboam when Solomon died? (1 Kings 12:1-2). Though Rehoboam s lack of wisdom provoked the people to rebel, it was not the main cause for the division. Other reasons for the division of the kingdom: a. Solomon s spiritual decline. b. Severe treatment of the Northern tribes. (1 Kings 9:10-13) c. Personal enrichment at the cost of the people. The history of the kingdoms of the divided monarchy intertwine in the scriptural narration up until the captivity of the Northern kingdom in 722 B.C. (2 Kings 17). During a period of nearly two centuries, the two kingdoms lived side by side and were often cooperative and friendly, but on other occasions there was hostility between them. Following the tragic division of the kingdom, we see a long list of kings who occupied the thrones of the two nations; Israel to the north and Judah to the south. Sin and ruin increased on both sides of the border causing both kingdoms to eventually end in the same manner, as first one, and then the other, ended in captivity. Comparison of the Kingdoms NORTH SOUTH Name: Israel Judah Tribes: 10 Tribes 2 Tribes Capital: Samaria Jerusalem Duration: 210 years 345 years Royal family: 9 dynasties 1 (the house of David) Number of Kings: 20 kings 20 kings Character of Kings: 20 evil 12 evil, 8 good Revivals: None 3 (Jehoshaphat, Hezekiah, Josiah) Defeated by: Syria (722 B.C.) Babylon (586 B.C.) We will study both kingdoms separately though the time span of the reigns overlap.

62 62. Seminario Bíblico de las Américas OUTLINE OF THE NORTHERN KINGDOM: 1. Jeroboam s Dynasty. (1 Kings 12-15) 2. Baasha s Dynasty. (1 Kings 15-16) 3. Omri s Dynasty. (1 Kings 16-22; 2 Kings 1-9) 4. Jehu s Dynasty. (2 Kings 9-14) 5. Last Kings of Israel. (2 Kings 15-17) 1. Jeroboam s Dynasty. (1 Kings 12-15) (#1: JEROBOAM, reigned for 17 years) Although the north and south were politically divided, religiously they remained united through their worship at the Temple in Jerusalem. Jeroboam feared the people of Israel would transfer their loyalty back to the king of Judah if they continued to return to Jerusalem to worship on feast days; for this reason, he took measures to ensure his political security. - What did he do to avoid political unification? (1 Kings 12:27-28) - Where did he place them? (1 Kings 12:29) - Who denounced his sin? (1 Kings 13:1-2) In this chapter, a severe warning is illustrated: that obedience is essential for anyone who serves God (1 Kings 13:18; Gal. 1:8-9). - How did the man of God disobey and what were the consequences? - What was the second denouncement against Jeroboam? (1 Kings 14:1-10) (#2:, reigned for 2 years). After Jeroboam died, his son reigned over Israel for two years at which time he was murdered by Baasha, bringing Jeroboam s royal dynasty to a bloody end. 2. Baasha s Dynasty. (1 Kings 15-16) (#3:, reigned for 24 years). Little is known about Baasha other than that he belonged to the tribe of Issachar and he did not follow God. Baasha began his evil reign by murdering the entire family of Nabad. During his kingship, the prophet Jehu was actively proclaiming God s message to the people. - What three admonitions did God speak against Baasha through the prophet Jehu? (1 Kings 16:2-3) (#4:, reigned for years). Elah, the son of Baasha, was in turn assassinated, while intoxicated, by Zimri, bringing his two year reign to an abrupt end. The prophetic words of Jehu were fulfilled as one by one the friends and family of the royal bloodline were assassinated.

63 Seminario Bíblico de las Américas 63. (#5:, reigned for years). Zimri was a powerful military leader who murdered Elah and his entire family in order to possess the royal throne. Nevertheless, after ruling only seven days, Zimri ended his own life. 3. Omri s Dynasty. (1 Kings 16-22; 2 Kings 1-9) (#6: TIBNI, reigned for 4 years). Following Zimri s death, Omri and Tibni, competed for the throne for four years. Civil war ensued, and finally the forces of Omri prevailed over those of Tibni. (#7:, reigned for years). The most notorious dynasty in the northern kingdom was established by Omri. Its best known king was Ahab who succeeded his father and became a powerful but very wicked ruler. Ahab was succeeded by his two sons, Ahaziah and Joram. During this period Israel not only recovered most of the territory lost to Syria, but they also received international recognition. - What characterized the 7th king of Israel? (1 Kings 16:25) Omri built and fortified the city of Samaria, which became the capital of Israel for nearly a century and a half until it was besieged and conquered by Assyria in the year 722 B.C. An alliance with the Phoenicians was cemented when Omri s son Ahab married Jezebel, daughter of Ethbaal, King of the Sidonians. Though economically advantageous, the alliance led to religious corruption and moral decay in the northern kingdom. (#8:, reigned for years). During the reign of Ahab, along with his wife Jezebel, the spiritual climate in Israel reached an all time low. He was the cruelest ruler in the history of the nation and sold himself to do evil (21:25). He brought hundreds of prophets of Baal from Tyre, and constructed a temple of Baal in Samaria for them to worship and serve their god, thus making Baal worship the popular religion in the nation. During this spiritually impoverished period, the struggle between the kingdom of God and the kingdom of Satan was especially intense. But God raised up the prophets Elijah and Elisha to counter the evils of idolatry and to call Israel back to Himself. A. ELIJAH AND HIS MINISTRY (1 KINGS 17-2 KINGS 2:11) 1. God s word to Ahab (1 Kings 17:1) As the Lord, the God of Israel lives, before whom I stand, surely there shall be neither nor these years, except by my word. 2. God s word to Elijah (1 Kings 17:2-7)...hide yourself by the brook Cherith, which is east of the Jordan God s second word to Elijah (1 Kings 17:8-24) Arise, go to Zarephath, which belongs to Sidon, and stay there; behold, I have a widow there.

64 64. Seminario Bíblico de las Américas 4. Another word from God to Elijah, after 3 years. (1 Kings 18:1) Go, show yourself to Ahab, and I will on the face of the earth. 5. God sends fire upon the altar. (1 Kings 18:20-40) 6. God sends water. (1 Kings 18:41-46) 7. Jezebel is furious with Elijah and vows to kill him. (1 Kings 19:1-3) 8. Elijah flees; discouraged, he hides in a cave. (1 Kings 19:3-15) 9. God appears and encourages him to continue on with his ministry. (19:15-21) a. He anoints Hazael as king of. (1 Kings 19:15) b. He anoints Jehu as king of. (1 Kings 19:16) c. He anoints Elisha as in his place. (1 Kings 19:16). (Both Elijah and Elisha established schools of prophets throughout Israel). d. He confronts Ahab for murdering Naboth. (1 Kings 21:17-29) e. He does not hide when King Ahaziah sends 50 soldiers to arrest him three times. (2 Kings 1:1-17) f. God takes him up to heaven in a whirlwind. (2 Kings 2:1-11) Map of Elijah s Journeys

65 Seminario Bíblico de las Américas 65. The Life of Elijah (#9:, reigned for 2 years). Ahaziah, son of Ahab and Jezebel, also did evil in the sight of the Lord. The prophet Elijah prophesied on God s behalf: Because you have sent messengers to inquire of Baal...you shall not come down from the bed where you have gone up, but shall surely die. (2 Kings 1:1-17). (#10:, reigned for years). During the reign of Ahab s son Joram, the Syrians were a persistent threat as they became a stronger power in the region. While Joram was recuperating in Jezreel from wounds he received while fighting the forces of King Hazael at Ramoth Gilead, Elisha sent a prophet to anoint Jehu, the commander of Israel s army, as the next king of Israel. Jehu then put to death all the members of Ahab s family, including King Joram and Ahaziah, king of Judah. The prophet Elisha ministered during this time and was well known not only by the kings of Israel, but also by the rulers of Judah, Syria, and Edom.