INDIAN SCHOOL MUSCAT ARABIC Class:10 Grammar Topics

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1 INDIAN SCHOOL MUSCAT ARABIC Class:10 Grammar Topics The case ending of a noun is understood by the vowel ending of that noun in a sentence. There are three case endings for a noun indicating its position in a sentence. Marfoo )المرفىعات- A)Nominative noun will end with ضمح symbol in case of definite or with plural.) in ن case of sound male inان case of dual or inضمح case of indefinite or with ذى ه فرحح symbol in case of definite or فرحح (Mansoob noun will end with المنصىتات B)Accusative plural.) in ه case of sound male in case of dual or with ه inذى ه case of indefinite or with Grammar Topics :01 المرفىعات (Nominative) A noun will be Marfoo in the following cases: مثتدأ 1.Subject of a nominal sentence خثر 2.Predicate of a nominal sentence Subject ) )المثردأ is a noun in the nominative case with which the sentence begins and خثر is a noun, مثردأ also in the nominative case, which gives an information about Meanings Predicate Subject ال لد ذ intelligent. The boy is الممرثح ذث رج big. The library is مرفىع In above mentioned sentences all the subjects and predicate are فاعل 3.Subject of a verbal sentence The subject ) )الفاعل is a noun in the nominative case, preceded by a verb and indicating the doer or agent of the action. The boy opened the door. The boy heard the lesson from the teacher. فتح الال د الب ا ١ سمع الال د الرس من امعلم ٢.مرفىع areفاعل andفاعل all In above mentioned sentences all the underlined words are نائة الفاعل 4.Substitute of a subject in a verbal sentence In the passive voice Subject )فاعل of a verb) cant be used.as the subject is not mentioned in the passive voice, the direct object is considered as the substitute and taken the place of subject and مرف ع andوائة it will be الفاعل is known as Page 1 of 6

2 The door was opened. The door is being opened. The lesson was listened. ١ ف دتح الب دا ٢ يفت دح الب دا ٣ دسمع الر دس من امعلم مرفىع areوائة الفاعل andوائة all الفاعل In above mentioned sentences all the underlined words are خثر إن و أخىاتهاsisters and it s إن 5.Predicate of إن - نأ ذأن لمه ل د لعل مثردأ Collectively called Inna and sisters are often prefixed to the nominal sentences and the will be given خثر andوصة will given مثردأ Here.رفع will be called its اسم and willخثر be called its خثر The following particle also do the action of إن and hence they are called إن sisters )أخ اخ of Inna) As if ذأن Verily that أن Verily إن Would that wish ل د Perhaps لعل But لمه Certainly Zaid is a scholar. I know verily that the exam is near. 1 إن زيل با مم 2 لمت أن المتحبن ري با مرف ع andإن its sisters are ofخثر andخثر all In above mentioned sentences all the underlined words are إسم كان و اخىاتها and it s sisters كان 6.Subject of (اسم which )مثردأ is then called its to رفع and sisters, as they precede nominal sentences, give ذان صار ل س أصثح أمسى أضحى ظل - تاخ.(خثر which )خثر is then called its to the وصة and give ذان are known as sisters of The following verbs also do the action of andذان hence they are called ذان sisters )أخ اخ of Kana) To remain at night تاخ became صار Was كبن To become at evening أمسى To become at morning أصثح To remain at day ظل أضحى noon. To become at ل س (was) not The man was rich. كبن ارر دج غيب ١ The questions were not easy. ايست السهلة سهلة ٢ The room became vacant. ٣ صبرت اغرفة خباية In above mentioned sentence all the underlined words are ذان أخ اذ ا andإسم all ofإسم andذان its مرفىع sisters are Page 2 of 6

3 Grammar Topics :02 المنصىتات (Accusative) A noun will be Mansoob in the following cases: 1. Subject of إن and it s sisters. As if ذأن Verily that أن Verily إن Would that wish ل د Perhaps لعل But لمه مثردأ Collectively called Inna and sisters are often prefixed to the nominal sentences and the will be given خثر andنصة will given مثردأ Here.رفع will be called its اسم and willخثر be called its خثر Certainly Zaid is a scholar. 1 إن زيل با مم I know verily that the exam is near. 2 لمت أن المتحبن ري با إن ofإسم andإن its sisters and all of إسم In above mentioned sentences all the underlined words are مىص ب and its sisters are 2.Predicate of andكان it s sisters (اسم which )مثردأ is then called its to رفع and sisters, as they precede nominal sentences, give ذان صار ل س أصثح أمسى أضحى ظل- تاخ.(خثر which )خثر is then called its to the نصة and give ذان are known as sisters of The following verbs also do the action of andذان hence they are called ذان sisters )أخ اخ of Kana) To remain at night تاخ became صار Was كبن To become at evening أمسى To become at morning أصثح To remain at day ظل Page 3 of 6 أضحى noon. To become at ل س (was) not The man was rich. ١ كبن اررج غيب The questions were not easy. ٢ ايست السهلة سهلة The room became vacant. ٣ صبرت اغرفة خباية In above mentioned sentence all the underlined words are ذان أخ اذ ا andخثر all ofخثر andذان its منصىب sisters are مفعىل ته 3.Direct object The object is a noun in the accusative case appearing after a subject in the active voice in transitive verbs. The boy opened the door. ١ فتح الال البا In above mentioned sentences all the underlined words are ت whichمفع ل will come only in منصىب areمفع ل ت transitive verbs and all المفعىل المطلق. 4 The المفع ل المطلق is a noun derived from the same root of the verb appearing after it in the accusative case and is used to give intensity to the action of the verb. The boy played very well. ١ اعا الال اعلب It is also used to indicate the kind of quality of the action.

4 In above mentioned sentences all the underlined words are مفع ل مطلق and all مطلق areمفع ل منصىب المفعىل فيه. 5 Adverb )ظرف of time is the time or the place in which the action took place known as المفع ل ف and place). Morning I entered in the school. ١ لخلت في املرسة صلبحب. I travelled a month. ٢ أغب سبفرت شه ر In above mentioned sentence the underlined words are adverbs of time and all adverbs of time منصىب will be المفعىل له. 6 action. is a noun in accusative case which explains the reason for the occurrence of the المفع ل ل I stood in order to respect the teacher. مت إحتر مب األستبذ ١ knowledge. Students travel to Europe in search of يسبفر اطالا إاى ألرلب طللب العلم ٢ In above mentioned sentence the underlined words explain the reason for the action, thus they مىص ب are المفعىل معه. 7 to show the association فاعل is used to indicate the association of something with the المفع ل مع.مفع ل مع of the former with the letter in the action and will come before I went to school with Zaid. ١ ذهلت أغب ل زيل إاى املرسة. hamid. Ahmed came with ٢ ربء أحمل ل حبمل مىص ب thusمفع ل they are مع In above mentioned sentence the underlined words are Grammar Topic : 03 (Verb-Doer-Object) فعل-فاعل-مفعىل ته ( Verb )فعل.1 Verb can be defined as A word referring to the occurrence of an action in a specific period.verbs can be classified as past, present/future, commanding and prohibiting. Past tense فعل ماضي wrote. The boy ذرة Presentفعل /Future tense مضارع writes. The boy مرة Imperative فعل االمر write. Oh, boy you اذرة ال لد ١ ال لد ٢ ا لد ٣ Prohibitive Command فعل النهي write. Oh, boy you don t ال ذمرة ا لد ٤ Doer) The )الفاعل 2. The doer is a noun in the nominative case preceded by a verb and refers that it does /has done the action. ١ كتا الال الرس lesson. The boy wrote the ٢ شرا اطفج احليا The child drank milk مرفىع areفاعل andفاعل all In above mentioned sentences all the underlined words are Object) The )المفعىل ته.3 Object is a noun in the accusative case on which the action of the doer takes place. Page 4 of 6

5 ١ كتا الال الرس lesson. The boy wrote the ٢ شرا اطفج احليا The child drank milk منصىب areمفع ل ت andمفع ل all ت In above mentioned sentences all the underlined words are Page 5 of 6 Grammar Topic :04 إعراب المثنى Conditions Of The Dual Dual will get nominative case ) الرفع )حالح with alif and accusative ) الىصة )حالح and genitive cases ) الجر )حالح with ya )حالة الرفع ) case Examples of nominative Two boys played. 1 لعة ال لدان Two partners agreed 2 إذفق الشر مان Two travelers came 3 حضر المسافران The underlined words in all these examples are dual nouns. They are in nominative cases as they are doers. )حالة النصة ) accusative Examples of I taught two boys. 1 علمد ال لد ه I spoke to two partners. 2 حادثد الشر م ه I treated two travelers. 3 عالجد المسافر ه The underlined words in all these examples are dual nouns. They are in accusative cases as they are objects. )حالة الجر ) cases Examples of genitive I gave the ball to two boys. 1 أعط د المرج لل لد ه I bought from two partners. 2 إشرر د مه الشر م ه I greeted with Salam two travelers. 3 سلمد على المسافر ه The underlined words in all these examples are dual nouns. They are in genitive cases as they are preceded by letters of jarr. Grammar Topic :05 الضمائر PRONOUNS Pronoun is a known noun referring to the first,second or third person. Pronouns are two kinds:- الضمائر المىفصلح a)separate Pronouns الضمائر المرصلح b)attached Pronouns الضمائر المنفصلة a)separate Pronouns Separate pronouns are those pronouns that can be pronounced alone without being added to any other words.

6 1 st Person 2 nd person 3 rd person أغب I (s)m&f أغت You(s)m أغت You(s)m هي She هل He غحن We (pl)m&f أغتمب You(dual)f أغتمب You (dual)m همب They(dual)f همب They(dual)m أغتن You (pl)f أغتم You(pl)m هن They (pl)f هم They (pl)m In Sentences:- هو ررج طليج لهي مرأة صيرة من انت أنا طباا الضمائر المتصلة b)attached Pronouns Attached pronouns are those pronouns that can t be pronounced alone and come always attached to another word. ي ي his ما Their(d)m م Their(pl)m ا her ما Their(d)f ه Their(pl)f ك Your(m) ذما Your (d)m ذم Your(p)m ك Your(f) ذما Your(d)f ذه Your(p)f وا In Sentences:- 1( اهغل وطني 2 (هذ بيته ل تلك غرفته 3 (أسيبرتكم هذه غعم هذه سيارتنا 4 (اخوك اصغير لال ذكي Page 6 of 6

الفعل الماضي. The Past-Tense Verb

الفعل الماضي. The Past-Tense Verb الفعل الماضي The Past-Tense Verb The Past-Tense Pattern ف ع ل e.g. ن ص ر (he helped), ج ل س (he sat). (الفعل الماضي) Conjugation Table صيغه Person Gender Plurality English Equivalent Arabic 1 ف ع ل 3 rd