EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THINKING AND ENLIGHTENMENT OF MANAGEMENT S DISCERNMENT FROM THE PROFILES OF THE SIKH GURUS

Transcription

1 International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2018, pp , Article ID: IJMET_09_01_003 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THINKING AND ENLIGHTENMENT OF MANAGEMENT S DISCERNMENT FROM THE PROFILES OF THE SIKH GURUS Kesar Singh Professor, Amity University, Noida Dr Sanjeev Bansal Amity University, Noida ABSTRACT: Sikh history is just 400 years old and has displayed distinguished results following management through spirituality even sacrificed their lives for justice in the period from 1606 until 1708 by Guru Arjun Dev, Guru Tegh Bahadur, Guru Gobind Singh, his four sons, 43 disciples (forty Muktas and three Pyaras) and 850 Indian soldiers to halt forceful and criminal conversion to Islam by Mughal Emperors Aurangzeb and Jahangir. Sikh Gurus (6) and 15 saints from all religions authored Sri Guru Granth Sahib, which was declared Sikhs Guru forever by Guru Gobind Singh, tenth Guru. Guide lines laid in Sri Guru Granth Sahib are purely based on spirituality and best management practices, namely Kirat Karo means earnest earning, Wand Ke Shako and Daswandh means 10 percent of the earnest earning through volunteer contribution for running Langar (common and free kitchen) to all, irrespective of religion, caste, colour, race, origin and country is served with zeal, construction and maintenance of worship places called Gurdwaras all over in the world by Kar Sevaks (volunteers religious service), free medical aid, financial help to girls of poor families in marrying them, extending financial support to adversely affected population by natural calamities like earth quake, floods, draught and Naam Japo means remain attached to Almighty, through reciting Gurbani, while doing daily chores, to control soul vices namely lust, anger, ego, selfishness and greed, which is being followed religiously and sincerely in Sikh religion, since origination of this brave religion. Not a single beggar in Sikh religion is existing even today in the entire world and Sikhs inspite of just 2.7 percent in India and 0.39 percent in the world never projected themselves as a minority, since they have a firm belief in their Guru s teaching. Sincere and hard work with Almighty s blessings, can achieve success in any profession, which has been proved and is being religiously followed in this religion, even today, in the world dominated by materialism and digitization. There are 30,000 Gurdwaras in India and 922 in other countries abroad. There is no country in the 22 editor@iaeme.com

2 Kesar Singh and Dr Sanjeev Bansal world which does not have a Gurdwara. Whole world recognizes Sikhs as most brave, daring, trustworthy, helping, sincere, independent, truthful and successful leaders, who followed management through teachings of Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Therefore, all requisite qualities of successful managers and leaders namely leading from the front, trustworthiness, loyalty, integrity, hard work, impartial, truthful, straight forwardness, setting examples of bravery, helping attitude, independence, firm belief in Almighty are inherent to Sikhism. Keywords: Management through spirituality, teachings of Sri Guru Granth Sahib, best practices of Sikhism, heroic and bravery milestones of Sikhism, Mantras of success in management. Cite this Article: Kesar Singh and Dr Sanjeev Bansal, Evolution of Management Thinking and Enlightenment of Management s discernment from the profiles of the Sikh Gurus, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology 9(1), 2018, pp INTRODUCTION Concept of Management: Management is the process of reaching organizational goals by working with and through people and other organizational resources by the best use in terms of human resources, money and material. It is well established fact that no individual can alone make any organization successful which is measured by its growth, satisfaction of the employees, attrition rate, disciplinary cases, contribution to the society and sustainability. Judicially utilization of resources is another major component of success of management, leading to growth and satisfaction of the employees. This is followed in Sikhism as illustrated by distinguished leaders namely Guru Gobind Singh, Guru Arjun Dev, Guru Tegh Bahadur, followed by disciples namely Banda Bahadur, Baba Deep Singh, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, Sardar Hari Singh, Shaheed Udham Singh, Subedar Major (Honorary Captain) Bana Singh - awarded Param Vir Chakra, Captain Ishar Singh - first Sikh to receive the Victoria Cross, Captain Gurbachan Singh Salaria - awarded Param Vir Chakra, Gian Singh - awarded the Victoria Cross, Lt. General Jagjit Singh Aurora - supervised the surrender of more than 90,000 Pakistani soldiers in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) during 1971 India-Pakistan war and many more distinguished leaders who laid their lives for the dignity of the country and humanity. There are four basic functions namely planning, organizing, influencing and controlling in management. In the present world ruled by digitization and hunger for materialist benefits also follows management traits namely satisfaction of the employees, minimum attrition rate, no disciplinary cases, optimum contribution to the society, sustainability and judicial utilization of resources. Management Panorama: Management is a general word which is complete with many components to include success of an organization, potential for growth, operational management, financial management, entrepreneur management, contribution to the social welfare of the society, rapport of the organization, research, getting abreast with the latest information, potential to fight unforeseen eventualities like disaster management, attrition rate of the employees, growth of the each individual and welfare of families of the employees, which shall lead to happiness of the employees. Success of Sikh religion which is growing at its own, never advertised its success but followed best practices namely Langar (free kitchen) for pilgrim irrespective of religion, caste, colour, race, origin and country. Daswandh (volunteer contribution of 10 percent of earnest earning) for the help of the needy people, including free shelter in Gurdwaras, joining Defense services being a noble profession, leading from the front in every organization and educating every pilgrim about the teaching of 23 editor@iaeme.com

3 Evolution of Management Thinking and Enlightenment of Management s discernment from the profiles of the Sikh Gurus Sri Guru Granth Sahib, to motivate them to follow right path for the growth of the individual, family and society. In any organization today, free kitchen and volunteer contribution for helping the needy without any discrimination are considered best practices for the satisfaction of employees and growth of the organization. These traits are leading Sikhism to success, growth, happiness and satisfaction. Evolution of Management Thinking: Success of management lays on traits of leadership to motivate subordinates, gain confidence of seniors, utilization of resources available. Motivation comes through watching activities of leaders and understanding their success stories. Sikh religion has a very vast and rich history of such leaders, who not only motivated their disciples to rewrite the history, but laid best practices namely Kirat Karo, Wand Ke Shako, Naam Japo, Langar (free kitchen), Dasbandh, Kar Seva, speak the truth, stand for the right and don t harm anyone which are derived from the guidelines of Sri Guru Granth Sahib, Sikh Gurus and other leaders. Naam Japo means reciting Gurbani as per the time of the day while doing daily chores, which shall keep a leader s soul free of greed, lust, egos, anger and favouritism. Management in Contemporary world: In the extremely competent, fast moving and digital-oriented world today, gaining confidence of seniors and loyalty of subordinates, is the most important and difficult task. Instability and volatility of the market are bound to inculcate suspicion and self-centred thinking. Many leaders and managers follow zero error syndromes to protect their own skin in all cases of failure. Insincerity and mistrust also bound to creep in, thereby; management becomes more and more difficult. Greed, lust, anger, favouritism and egos are bound to drag every leaders and manager at some point of time. No one has ever been able to control soul vices without the blessing of Almighty, following guidelines of Holy Books namely Guru Granth Sahib, Bhagwat Gita, Quran Sharif and Bible by remaining attached to Almighty through reciting Gurbani or Shalokas. This has been illustrated in many ways in Shalokas of Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Best practices like Daswandh, Kirat Karo, Wand Ke Shako, Kar Seva and Naam Japo cannot be enforced on anyone but erupts at its own in the heart when anyone starts Nitname regularly, which changes aura and thought process of the individual. This is what is widely advocated in Sikhism, which children watch their parents, brother, sisters and relatives, following these guidelines sincerely. Disciples get magnetized, starts enjoying daily life, success, diluting daily hurdles and can speculate future very clearly. Most of the successful management Gurus accepts this Spiritual Management Model as they are already following best practices in their daily routine. Enlightenment of Management s discernment from the profiles of the Sikh Gurus: Spiritually oriented model displayed by distinguished and leader of excellence Sri Guru Gobind Singh best ever history has witnessed, had set clear achievable goals, which he did achieve, was committed, dedicated, intelligent, courageous and inspirational leader, who led from the front. He was always successful in achieving what he planned. Management and leadership achievements of Sri Guru Gobind Singh, following Sri Guru Granth Sahib s teachings, is an example of integrated characteristics of a Thought Leader, Courageous Leader, Inspirational Leader and Servant Leader. As a Thought leader Guru Gobind Singh harnessed the power of ideas of forming army of volunteers at Anandpur Sahib on 13th April 1699, when asked who were willing to sacrifice themselves, for their leader to fight against the tyranny of Emperor Aurangzeb, where five Pyaras namely Bhai Daya Singh, Bhai Dharam Singh, Bhai Himmat Singh, Bhai Mohkam Singh and Bhai Sahib Singh volunteered. All five Pyaras were from different religions that Guru Gobind Singh gave each one Amrit, the Nectar of Immortality, and five palm of it to drink and later took same Amrit from all of them and drank. The institution of Panj Pyaras created was the nucleus of casteless and democratic society. Spiritual guidance of Guru Granth Sahib shall take care of the individual s career, 24 editor@iaeme.com

4 Kesar Singh and Dr Sanjeev Bansal eliminating enemies, retaining dignity and removing all fears, once an individual has attained blessings of Almighty through prayers, under whose orders are all Emperors and kings. Leave the results to Him, contribute from your earnest earning to the weaker and needy. Share your knowledge with everyone to learn from each other, lead the right path, which shall establish team spirit and comraderies amongst all disciples as narrated in the Shlokas below:- their Ghar baishu har Jan pi-array. satguru tumray kaaj savagery. rahaa-o. just doot parmaysar marry. jan kee paid rakhee kartaaray. baadisaah Saah sabh vas Kar deenay. amrit Naam mahaa ras peenay. nirbha-o ho-ay bhajahu bhagvaan. saadhsangat mil keeno daan. saran paray parabh antarjaamee. Nanak ot pakree parabh su-aamee. 1 Guru Gobind Singh ended line of living gurus before he died, and named Sri Guru Granth Sahib as Guru of Sikhs forever (Guru Manio Granth) 2. Guru Gobind Singh Shloka below motivated the Sikh soldier to fight till the last breath without fear:- Sawa lakh se ek ladaun, Tabe Gobind Singh Naam Kahaun. Chirion se main baaz turaun, Tabe Gobind Singh naam kahaun Gidderon se main sher banaun, Tabe Gobind Singh naam kahaun Nichon se main ucch banaun, Tabe Gobind Singh naam kahaun Sawa lakh se ek laraun, Tabe Gobind Singh naam kahaun. 3 There cannot be a better example than Sri Guru Gobind Singh in the world history of leadership, courage, bravery, training, guidance and tactics, which not only motivated the troops of about 850 soldiers but proved too his verse mentioned above. Such a teamwork of selfless service, executed through determination, confidence and faith in each other, shows the best example of use of intelligence, secularism, judgment, maturity, initiative, foresight and strategic planning of a leader which is tenable and had power of observation, to create an army to stop forceful conversion of Hindus to Islam in the Bharat against their wishes in 16th and 17th century by criminal act of Muslim Ruler Aurangzeb. In 1703, December, 10,000 men of the hill chieftains of Muslim Ruler Aurangzeb besieged Anandpur Sahib and were driven off by only 850 Sikhs and forceful conversion of religion stopped. Both sons Ajit Singh, Jujhar Singh and Forty (40) Muktas (disciples) laid their lives in the battle, for stopping forceful conversion from Hindu to Islam by Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. Two other sons of Guru Gobind Singh Sahibzada 48 Fateh Singh who was less than six years of age (born in 1699) and Sahibzada Zorawar Singh just over eight (born in 1696), laid down their lives, who were initially bricked alive at Sarhind (Punjab) and later as it was getting dark, pulled them out from the wall in the unconscious state, laid them flat on the ground, in an instant martyred them. There are numerous such examples of Sikhs sacrifices like Bhagat Singh who was studying in Berkeley University at California, came back during pre-independence to Punjab and sacrificed himself in 1913 for the freedom of India. In 1863, under the leadership of Baba Ram Singh, 82 Sikhs who were fighting for freedom were tied to canons and blown apart by British Rulers. Sikhs is the only Indian community which is acclaimed internationally for their heroism and courage. Sikhs under Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1798 brought an end to 800 years foreign invasions into India through Khyber Pass and brought Kohinoor diamond back to India, from Nadir Shah who looted earlier. Shaheed Udham Singh in 1940 went to London and shot General Michael O' Dwyer at a public meeting as a revenge for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. Even today Sikhs are just 2.7 percent of Indian papulation and out of recruits in Indian National Army of Subhash Chander Bose, attributing to 67 percent were Sikhs. With such a less percentage of population, Sikhs have never ever projected themselves as minority in India or abroad, won maximum number of 25 editor@iaeme.com

5 Evolution of Management Thinking and Enlightenment of Management s discernment from the profiles of the Sikh Gurus gallantry awards, since independence -5 Param Vir Chakras (PVCs), 40 Maha Vir Chakras (MVCs) and 209 Vir Chakras (VOCs) in Defense Services. Sikh history include world distinguished warriors namely Subedar Major (Honorary Captain) Bana Singh -awarded Param Vir Chakra. Captain Ishar Singh - first Sikh to receive the Victoria Cross, Captain Gurbachan Singh Salaria - awarded Param Vir Chakra, Gian Singh - awarded the Victoria Cross, Lt. General Jagjit Singh Aurora - supervised the surrender of more than 90,000 Pakistani soldiers in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) during the 1971 India-Pakistan war, Subedar Joginder Singh - awarded Param Vir Chakra, Lieutenant Karamjit Singh Judge - awarded Victoria Cross, Lance Naik Karam Singh - awarded the Military Medal in World War II and awarded Param Vir Chakra, Havildar Major Parkash Singh - awarded Victoria Cross and Nand Singh - awarded Victoria Cross. Self-sacrifice by Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur, ninth Sikh Guru is another distinguished and unparalleled example of leading from the front, which was known as Protector of India, was publically executed on 11th November 1675 by Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, at Sis Ganj Gurdwara, Chandni Chowk, New Delhi. Selfsacrifice of Guru Arjun Dev Ji, fifth Sikh's Guru, on 30 th May 1606, when the Guru refused to accept forceful conversion, was put to death by boiling in a cauldron and sitting on a hot iron plate by Muslim Emperor Jahangir. This also displays leader s convincing power, clarity of mind, communication skills displayed through commensuration body language. Guru Gobind Singh s entire Army was of volunteers. All the soldiers gave their lives for the dignity of their leader, nation and good cause of humanity, without any one of them deserting or disobeying the orders of their leader. Guru Gobind Singh s style of leadership is a combination of authoritarian and paternalistic leader, as under his personal supervision he formed Army of motivated volunteers against criminal acts of Muslim Emperor of everyone s forceful conversion to Islam. Guru Gobind Singh also displayed democratic style of a leader, as when suggested by his commanders and Panj Pyaras to leave Fort of Anandpur Sahib; during its seizure by Mughal Army after the battle of Chamkaur Sahib and re-organize volunteers to bring an end to Aurangzeb s tyranny, Guru accepted it. Guru Gobind Singh displayed all qualities of honesty, competence, foresightedness, inspiration, intelligence, fairness, broad-mindedness, courageous, straightforwardness and imaginative leader. Sri Guru Gobind Singh qualifies perfectly as a leader of distinguished transactional style which motivated his followers to respect every human being as equals and secularism irrespective of religion, caste, colour, creed, status, wealth, gender, race and education as he united all volunteers together to fight together under single umbrella, to stop criminality of Aurangzeb, to the level that most of them sacrificed their lives fighting in the battle, without a single example of desertion or panic. Sri Guru Gobind Singh brought transformation in the society, firstly treating all as equals as five Pyaras, who were from different castes including lower class and secondly transformed volunteers into perfect soldiers, trained them together to possess distinguished skills of Shastrvidya., One of his disciplines, named Banda Singh Bahadur (a great leader and warrior) after Guru Gobind Singh s death on 7 th October 1708, punished Wazir Khan and his strong army responsible for martyring two sons of Guru Gobind Singh aged 6 and 8 at Sarhind. In the year, 1716 distinguished and great soldiers and leaders namely Banda Singh Bahadur, Sardar Binod Singh, descendent of Guru Amar Das, Sardar Kahan Singh and Sardar Fateh Singh descendants of Guru Angad Dev, Sardar Baaj Singh Bal a Jat Sikh from Patti District were martyred. Not a single soldier deviated from the new formed Sikh religion, even when their eyes were scorched, arms and legs were chopped. However, forceful conversion to Islam was brought to an end. After the death of these great leaders and soldiers, torch of Sikhism was carried forwarded with equal strong force and enthusiasm by leaders and warriors like Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, Sardar Hari Singh and 26 editor@iaeme.com

6 Kesar Singh and Dr Sanjeev Bansal Baba Deep Singh. These are the examples of spiritually oriented unparalleled leaders and managers who left a bench mark of leadership of courage, motivation, determination, team spirit, commitment and sacrifices in the history. Success of Sikhism is based on the best practices illustrated in Sri Guru Granth Sahib namely Daswand (voluntarily contributing 10 percent of the earnest earning for helping the weaker and other good causes), Kirat Karo (earnest earning), Kar Seva (volunteer help for good deeds), Wand Ke Shako (offer the food to all present) and Langar ( Free Kitchen) and Naam Japo ( reciting Gurbani while doing daily chores). Reciting Gurbani improves Aura and helps in controlling soul vices namely lust, anger, egos, greed and favouritism. In the materialistic and digitized world today, which makes every human being to pass through crises of target dates, short time gains, insecurity, mistrust, overshadowing each other leads to depression and diseases. No one in the world has been able to control soul vices like lust, anger, egos and favouritism without the blessing of Almighty, which is showered only when the individual is doing Nitname and recites Gurbani, thereby soul remains attached to Almighty while doing daily chores. These practices are widely followed in Sikhism even today. Sikh leaders and managers who are following these best practices are successful, satisfied and happy. However, not many such leaders would like to share their mantras of success with any one, which is totally confidential and personal. Sharing such mantras illustrates boosting of spiritual success, which is against the ethics of spirituality. Basic management and leadership like considering every one equal, irrespective of cast, colour, religion and area and be above favouritism, egos, anger, greed, corruption and help the needy, poor and deserving undoubtedly shall lead to success. Therefore, best practices followed in Sikhism are universally acknowledged by all leaders and managers, which have made and are making all concerned grow exponentially, However, every manager and leader today exploits weaknesses, steps over others shoulders to rise, crosses all limits to be successful and has endless greed. This model which is logical, practical and society welfare oriented is recommended to be followed by managers, leaders and employees in their organizations. There are many Shalokas and Mantras in Bhagwat Gita like Gayatri Mantra which many religious people recite while doing daily chores, are successful and enjoy their life. Bhagwat Gita is authored by Lord Krishna, the Almighty Himself, which is a guide to all, particularly to Hindu community. Leadership and Management traits following Teachings of Sri Guru Granth Sahib: Sri Guru Granth Sahib is a juristic person as declared by Supreme Court of India judgement dated March 29, 2000, and it is legally declared a living Guru as illustrated in Dasam Granth authored by Sri Guru Gobind Singh Sab Sikhan Ko Hukam Hai Guru Manio Granth. Every Shaloka and Gurbani is a gospel truth in the World Law and of course in the law of Almighty, since who so ever followed it has achieved highest level of leadership. Motivated Sikhs under the leadership of Sri Guru Gobind Singh as soldiers or disciples got influenced to a level that they had sacrificed themselves for a noble cause. Rules set by the leaders and best practices established namely working sincerely (Kirat Karo) is the first Mantra of Sikh teachings to include earnest earing and meticulous work, cordial and helping behavior towards colleagues, extending support to poor and down trodden, maintaining selflessness approach and secular outlook, upholding values and traditions, believing in team work, contributing to Community Social Responsibilities, understanding issues of haves and have-nots, enhancing intellectual potential, logical thinking and carrying out assigned responsibilities sincerely. Dasvandh (Wand Ke Shako) contributing voluntarily 10 percent of the earnest earning to charity is the second Mantra of Sikhs. This means charity through Gurdwaras for extending free medical aid to poor, free food (Langar) to all visiting pilgrim irrespective of gender, colour, race, creed, religion, status, origin, education, wealth, bringing up new Gurdwaras and its maintenance, remain eager to contribute to the society, extending financial help and free food to natural calamity affected families namely floods, draughts, earth quakes and terrorized in 27 editor@iaeme.com

7 Evolution of Management Thinking and Enlightenment of Management s discernment from the profiles of the Sikh Gurus the countries like Syria, Libya, Afghanistan by a particular disgruntled ethnic/ militant group. While doing activities continue reciting Gurbani (Naam Japo) is the third Mantra which shall not let soul vices namely greed, rage, lust, ego and attachment come your way, as illustrated in many Shalokas in Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Teaching of Sri Guru Granth Sahib further emphasizes to treat everyone with respect, humble, equal and interact with everyone maintaining discipline, humility, drive and initiative, determination, decisiveness, confidence, quickness to listen to every one s views and problems, observe very carefully, delegate powers and trust colleagues and subordinates, use innovation and creativity, intuition, honesty and integrity, loyalty, maturity, remain physically fit, maintain tenacity, courage, respect to opposite sex, caring and sharing nature, which definitely shall produce optimal results. Sri Guru Granth Sahib gives guide lines; firstly to set the goals which are best for the humanity in short terms and long terms and remaining mentally attached to Almighty while doing daily chores to control soul vices. Personalities motivated through spirituality shall not cheat or commit theft or harm any neutral human being, thereby management through spirituality becomes most economical system as no hawkers are required to supervise, shall produce optimum results as no one is working purely for personal gains. Such best practices shall motivate entire team, remain physically fit, loyal to the organization and bound to yield best results for any of the Institutes. Loyalty and integrity is inherent to management traits through spirituality. This is very precisely illustrated below in the Shalokas of Sukhmani Sahib:- saadh kai sang paa-ay naam nidhaan. naanak saadhoo kai kurbaan. saadh kai sang sabh kul udhaarai. saadhsang saajan meet kutamb nistaarai. saadhoo kai sang so Dhan paavai. jis Dhan tay sabh ko varsaavai. saadhsang Dharam raa-ay karay sayvaa. saadh kai sang sobhaa surdayvaa. 4 Best Practices and Mantras of Success of Management and Leadership from Sri Guru Granth: Sri Guru Gobind Singh laid down guidelines of earnestly earning through hard work (Kirat Karo), sharing the earning means voluntarily contributing (Daswandh) to the needy ones and be attached to Almighty (Naam Japo), Kar Seva means volunteer work in Free Kitchen, construction and maintenance of religious shrines, free medical checkups, cleaning and caring of shoes during gatherings in shrines on historic events namely birthday celebration of Sikh Gurus are main four mantras religiously followed in Sikh religion. It is also well-known faith and confidence that Almighty is Omni present, watching our deeds and every human being Almighty s child thereby integrate us into a bond of brothers and sisters. Therefore, cheating, telling lies, harming any one, doing injustice to Almighty children and not helping our own brothers and sisters is against the basic rule of humanity. Such a faith and confidence one can only develop through blessings of Almighty and spirituality. Once established, individual enjoys the fruits of Almighty s blessings, which dilutes hurdles, diverts whole energy in the right direction, takes care of the disciple and family members. It also controls soul vices namely lust, greed, egos, anger and favouritism. Individual develops intuition and follows the path of truthfulness and rightness, which is the best for the individual and his family. One does his/her work with full potential having mind, body and soul in it. Therefore, results are bound to be optimal for the organization, family, society and nation as proved by Guru Gobind Singh and his disciples. This shall lead the individual to success and happy life for self and family. These Mantras for success and happiness are applicable to every religion, manager, leader and employees. Establishing Exclusive Electronics Communication: Management needs strong and consistent communication which Sikh community has established through various societies in the world namely Sikh Missionary Society (UK) - Non-profit organization dedicated to promoting the Sikh religion, culture and history, Sikh Research and Education Center - Online Reference Library is an ever-expanding collection of resources promoting Sikh 28 editor@iaeme.com

8 Kesar Singh and Dr Sanjeev Bansal religion, culture and history, Wikipedia - free Worldwide encyclopedia, BBC- BBC on Sikhism, - thy name is Love and Sacrifice - True Characteristics of the Sikh Religion, SikhNet - Sikh community website, Sikh Kara, SikhSpectrum.com- Quarterly Sikhism Guide - Guide to Sikhism, Guru Gobind Singh Study Circle - A socio-religious non-profit Sikh organization, The Sikhism Home Page - General resource site introducing the main concepts of Sikhism, Sikh Videos Gurbani Kirtan - Sikhism videos, All About Sikhs - Sikhism resource site, Sikh Philosophy Network - Exploring the United Colors of Sikhism, Anglo Sikh Heritage Trail - A new perspective on the heritage of one of Britain's most visible coming up Sikh community, Sikh Gurdwaras Around the World - A global database of Sikh Gurdwaras around the world, G5 Sikh Media - Sikh Social Enterprise, G5 Sikh Media is an Award winning Sikh Social Enterprise teaching Sikhs and Non-Sikhs about the Sikh faith through a visually exciting way. G5 Sikh Media also help to promote and recognize young Sikhs across U.K and sell Sikh merchandise. Such strong communication links can only be established by spiritually oriented organizations since these are nonprofit making establishments. Strong communication is the basic requirement for the growth of any organization to disseminate the orders and instructions, latest development of the Institute growth, best practices being followed and educate everyone about the philosophy of the Organization. Establishing Religious centres for spirituality and rest: Sikhs have established religious Centers namely Gurdwaras which helped creating environments of meditation achieving cleansing of souls, place to share ideas and centres to extend help to needy and places for consistent interaction between the entire communities. Mostly Sri Guru Granth Sahib is kept in Gurdwaras which by virtue of its guidance, holiness, truthfulness, best practices and its writers (6 Gurus and 15 Saints) being true in their approach, who not only achieved freedom for everyone to follow any religion but also laid guide lines in the form of Hymns for the society to live happily, peacefully and worthy of it. Sikh Community follow guide lines truly of their Gurus, are being appreciated as courageous soldiers, helping nature, trust worthy, resourceful and independent community which got spread all over in the world, having population around 27 million, which is only 0.39 percent of the world population. Approximately Eighty-Three (83) percent Sikhs live in India, out of which 76 percent are in Punjab. Sikhs are not only spread in every nook and corner of India having established Gurdwaras in India alone and 922 Gurdwaras in the entire world to include United Kingdom alone 300 Gurdwaras, USA-91, Canada-85, Pakistan-135, Malaysia-137, Germany-43, Myanmar/Burma - 35, Thailand-23, Singapore-9. There is no country in the world which does not have a Gurdwara. These religious centers are known places of educating pilgrims and Sikh community about the teaching of Sri Guru Granth Sahib, where children observe their parents and elders following best practices, which are role models to them, thereby follow them as they grow, which is best technique to teach younger generations to develop faith in spirituality and learn management techniques. Establishment of Historical places of Motivation: There are five Akal Takhats namely Darbar Sahib (Golden Temple-The Royal Court of the Divine) situated in Amritsar, Takhat Sri Keshgarh Sahib in Anandpur Sahib, Takhat Sri Damdama Sahib in the village Talwandi Sabo near Bhatinda, Takhat Sri Hazur Sahib is on the banks of Godavari in Maharashtra and Takhat Sri Patna Sahib is situated in Patna, the capital of Bihar. Five Takhats have preserved the historic values about the lives of Sikh Gurus and their teachings to develop faith and confidence amongst generations to follow their foot paths, which is best leadership trait of teaching by demonstration. Kar Seva / Community Social Service: Kar Seva is one of the extremely affective and renowned management deed, which has very well established truthful system which illustrates that when Almighty showers its blessings, each individual performs to its optimum efficiency 29 editor@iaeme.com

9 Evolution of Management Thinking and Enlightenment of Management s discernment from the profiles of the Sikh Gurus and results are bound to be in commensuration to the efforts and that too in the positive direction. Kar Seva is such a religious activity in the Sikhism which is established, since its origination, for the last four centuries started by fifth Sikh Guru Sri Guru Arjun Dev Ji who laid the foundation of Golden Temple at Amritsar in 1604, which is considered one of the most sacred shrine and Model even today and shall remain so in the future Guru Ka Langar/ Free Kitchen: This is the best Model of management of volunteers, without any criticism which never fails to achieve its objective. Gur Ka Langar through Kar Seva is performed by all ages, mostly of higher age group of fifty-five years and above, who either are alone or have finished their responsibilities of settling their children. Langar, or sacred food service from the Guru's free vegetarian kitchen, is an important concept in Sikhism, which began when Guru Nanak Dev, first Guru of Sikhs spent money meant for purchasing goods for trade, spent to feed hungry Sadhus, declaring it a most profitable transaction Motivation through Strong Name: Sri Guru Gobind Singh made the Khalsa Panth opened to all Men and women. Singh (Lion) was the name given to men and Kaur (Princess) to women at the time of Amrit. Sikhs were asked to avoid any proprietary rights to keep slaves as women who were captured during war and should be treated with utmost respect. Five (K) namely Kesh (Head hair), Kara (wrest Ring), Kanga (To remove hair tangles), Kirpan (Sword) to protect weaker than self, and Kashyara (Long underwear for free movements during war) are to be followed by all men and women, thereby gender disparity was eradicated. Dress designed by Sri Guru Gobind Singh has given a lesson to today s Armies/ leaders that each soldier must wear a dress which is affordable, should give freedom of maneuvering during battle, a weapon which can give an edge to the soldier over the opponent/ enemy, conducive environment, must meet basic necessities of the task and a positive cause for motivation to work. In today s Defense forces, leaders provide disrupted pattern uniform and latest weaponry to their soldiers to achieve success, like Guru Gobind Singh designed for his soldiers to produce praiseworthy results, which shall remain a milestone in the History. CONCLUSION The management model being followed in Sikhism as illustrated in the paper, shall display success beyond doubt, as spiritually oriented leaders namely Sri Guru Gobind Singh, Guru Tegh Bahadur, Guru Arjun Dev and their disciples like Banda Singh Bahadur, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Baba Deep Singh, Jassa Singh Ahaluwalia, Sardar Ram Singh, Shaheed Udham Singh, Subedar Major (Honorary Captain) Bana Singh- Param Vir Chakra, Captain Ishar Singh -Victoria Cross, Captain Gurbachan Singh Salaria- Param Vir Chakra, Gian Singh - Victoria Cross, Lt. General Jagjit Singh Aurora - supervised the surrender of more than 90,000 Pakistani soldiers in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), Subedar Joginder Singh - awarded Param Vir Chakra, Lieutenant Karamjit Singh Judge - Victoria Cross, Lance Naik Karam Singh - Param Vir Chakra, Havildar Major Parkash Singh - Victoria Cross and Nand Singh - awarded Victoria Cross followed the footsteps of their leaders and added everlasting glory to the leadership. Such leadership traits like leading from the front, commitment, loyalty, intelligence, dedication, team spirit, setting clear and achievable goals, creativity, intuition, honesty, maturity, physical fitness, determination, decisiveness and tenacity leaves no doubt in any one s mind that no one else can match such leaders and achieved results. Selfmotivation and spirituality oriented leaders can never be shaken by corruption, lust and fear. Examples of leadership traits possessed and displayed by Sri Guru Arjun Dev, Guru Tegh Bahadur and Guru Gobind Singh were also followed by their followers like four sons of Guru Gobind Singh, youngest Sahibzada Fateh Singh of the age less than 6 and elder to him 30 editor@iaeme.com

10 Kesar Singh and Dr Sanjeev Bansal Sahibzada Zorawar Singh just above 8 years, both elders Sahibzada Jujhar Singh and Sahibzada Ajit Singh, 40 Muktas and many more spiritual Sikhs who sacrificed their lives for eradicating criminality of Mughal Emperor and democracy survived. Sri Guru Gobind Singh, a spiritually oriented leader displayed best ever combination of thoughtful, courageous, inspirational leadership qualities having a styles of authoritarian, paternalistic, democratic and transactional leader, displaying the characteristics like honesty, competence, foresightedness, inspiration, intelligence, fairness, broad-mindedness, courageous, straightforwardness, intuitive and imaginative. Sri Guru Gobind Singh has been most successful leader history ever had who with a ratio of 1:100 to that of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb having an army of soldiers could stop forceful conversion of all religions to Islam, though in the battle of Chamkaur he had to sacrifice his two sons, three Pyaras, 40 Muktas and about 850 soldiers. Evidence displayed by youngest Sikh religion, which is just 400 years old, following traits of management, has proved beyond doubt that management through Spirituality is the best Model and most economical as there were no desertions, disloyalties, cheating, theft or kickbacks and no supervision is required at any stage. Each one discharges responsibilities with mind, body and soul in it. Sri Guru Granth Sahib s teaching are Almighty is Omni present and keeps record of all deeds which come back in each individual s life through birth to compatible parents, life partner and children and type of work each individual is put through. Such spiritually oriented leaders not only clear all their dues of the previous birth and accumulate enough for the next birth but may elevate their status to have no more falling into the cycle of births and deaths. Best practices which are sincerely and religiously followed in Sikhs are Kirat Karo means earnest earning Wand Ke Shako, Deswandh means 10 percent of earnest earning through volunteer contribution for running Langar (common kitchen), construction and maintenance of worship places called Gurdwaras all over in the world, free medical aid, financial help to girls of poor families in marrying them, extending financial support to adversely affected areas due to natural calamities like earth quake, floods and draught and Naam Japo means while working remain attached to Almighty through reciting Gurbani to control soul vices namely lust, anger, ego, selfishness and greed, Kar Seva, serving free food to all irrespective of religion, caste, colour, race, origin and country is served with zeal. Not a single beggar of Sikh religion is existing even today in the entire world. In-spite of being youngest religion of just 400 years old history, has established their exclusive Internet link all over in the world where best practices of the religion are telecast. In-spite of Sikh population just 2.7 percent in India and 0.39 percent in the world, India has more than 30,000 Gurdwaras in India and 922 in the world. Sikhs never projected themselves as minority while some religions having 23 percent population projected themselves as minority. In India security forces have around 30 percent Sikh officers and troops, which are considered to be the noblest and daring profession. Entire world recognizes Sikhs as most brave, daring, trustworthy, helping, sincere, independent, truthful and successful leaders. Sikhs even in smaller professions like taxi drivers are considered most reliable and trust worthy who are never involved in rioting, rapes and cheating. Therefore, all qualities of successful managers and leaders are inherent to this religion which is inculcated through Naam recitation of Guru Granth Sahib. Philosophy of Sikhs is purely based on the teachings of Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Sikhs help others financially and morally, never harm anyone, remain nice to others, respect women, speak Satya (Truth) ready for Kurbani (sacrifice) for the protection of weaker than self, extend Seva (sincere service), deal with Nimrata (Humility), display Pyare (love to Almighty creation, humanity), have Daya (compassion) for everyone and mentally keep Santokh ( contentment). However, to inculcate such qualities and characteristics in self, one got to recite Shalokas of any Holy Book while earnestly doing assigned task. Such teaching are inculcated through parents in their children to follow Nitname to recite Japji Sahib, Jaap 31 editor@iaeme.com

11 Evolution of Management Thinking and Enlightenment of Management s discernment from the profiles of the Sikh Gurus Sahib, ten Sawayyias, Chaupai and Anand Sahib concluding with Ardas in the morning, Rehras Sahib, Chaupai and Anand Sahib at sun set and before retiring to bed Kirtan Sohila, concluding with Ardas. Therefore, scope of following teaching of Sri Granth Sahib commences from the time baby comes to mother s womb and ends only at the last breath of each individual. Four Holy Books namely Guru Granth Sahib, Bhagwat Gita, Quran Sharif and Bible were written by saints hundreds of years ago and no one ever changed iota in them. Every one bows his/ her head in front of Holy Books and try to follow the teachings. However, teaching can only be inculcated in the soul by grooming the child from the birth by parents and teachers, which later on becomes their habits leading to successful, happy and satisfying life and finally achieving Moksha after the last breath. Limitations and Future Directions Traits of management and leadership illustrated in Sri Guru Granth Sahib, followed by Sikh Gurus are based purely on religious approach, which have proved results and success beyond doubt and have become milestones in the development and growth of the Society. However, Sikhs being 2.7 percent in India and 0.39 percent in the world, statistics may not be considered as representation of the whole population. Depth analysis of other Holy Books namely Bhagwat Gita, Quran Sharif and Bible due to time constraints could not be carried out. There are not many statistics available about leaders and managers from these religions who achieved successes through spirituality. Futuristic Scope In view of a platform created for managers and leaders from the teachings of Sri Guru Grnath Sahib in the paper Management and Sikhism, there is never ending and vast scope of further research as to how the new generations in the fast moving materialistic and technology driven digital world, where success is based on the philosophy of the survival of the fittest, youngsters may have very limited interest in prayers and are being deprived of spirituality s rich and positive aura effect, can be magnetized to enjoy management and leadership overriding traits of management through spirituality. Once it becomes a habit of an individual and he/she enjoys fruits of blessings of Almighty, nothing can deter the individual from following the right path of humanity, leading to glorious success, happiness, peace, prosperity and satisfaction. Such souls rise above the normal echelon to join hands with Almighty and take on higher responsibilities as illustrated in the Shlokas below:- jinee naam Dhi-aa-i-aa ga-ay mashkat ghaal. naanak tay mukh ujlay kaytee chhutee naal. 5 This Shaloka is authored by Guru Gobind Singh in Dasam Granth: Sawa lakh se ek ladaun, Tabe Gobind Singh Naam Kahaun. Chirion se main baaz turaun, Tabe Gobind Singh naam kahaun Gidderon se main sher banaun, Tabe Gobind Singh naam kahaun Nichon se main ucch banaun, Tabe Gobind Singh naam kahaun Sawa lakh se ek laraun, Tabe Gobind Singh naam kahaun. Following Shaloka is given Sukhmani Sahib at page 272 of Guru Granth Sahib: saadh kai sang paa-ay naam nidhaan. naanak saadhoo kai kurbaan. saadh kai sang sabh kul udhaarai. saadhsang saajan meet kutamb nistaarai. saadhoo kai sang so Dhan paavai. jis Dhan tay sabh ko varsaavai. saadhsang Dharam raa-ay karay sayvaa. saadh kai sang sobhaa surdayvaa. Following Shaloka of Japji Sahib is given at page-8 of Sri Guru Granth Sahib: 32 editor@iaeme.com

12 Kesar Singh and Dr Sanjeev Bansal jinee naam Dhi-aa-i-aa ga-ay mashkat ghaal. naanak tay mukh ujlay kaytee chhutee naal. REFERENCES [1] Shaloka below is given at page 201 of Sri Guru Granth Sahib: [2] thir ghar baishu har jan pi-aaray. satgur tumray kaaj savaaray. rahaa-o. [3] dusat doot parmaysar maaray. jan kee paij rakhee kartaaray. [4] baadisaah saah sabh vas kar deenay. amrit naam mahaa ras peenay. [5] nirbha-o ho-ay bhajahu bhagvaan. saadhsangat mil keeno daan. [6] saran paray parabh antarjaamee. naanak ot pakree parabh su-aamee. [7] Orders were passed to all Sikhs by Guru Gobind Singh to accept Sri Guru Granth Sahib as their Guru, with effect from 1708, after his death. This Shaloka is illustrated in Dasum Granth, authored by Sri Guru Gobind Singh: [8] Agya bhai Akal ki, tabhi chalayo Panth!Sabh Sikhan ko hukam hai, Guru manyo Granth!. [9] Dixit, S., Mandal, S. N., & Singh, S. (2017). Relationship between skill development and productivity in construction sector: A literature review. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(8), [10] Dixit, S., Mandal, S. N., & Singh, S. (2017). Area of linkage between lean construction and sustainability in Indian construction industry. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(8), [11] Dixit, S., Pandey, A. K., Mandal, S. N., & Bansal, S. (2017). A Study of Enabling Factors Affecting Construction Productivity: Indian Scnerio. International Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology, 8(6), [12] Sao, A., SIngh, S., Dixit, S., Pandey, A. K., & Singh, S. (2017). Quality, productivity and customer satisfaction in service operations: An empirical study. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8(10), [13] Pandey, A. K., Dixit, S., Bansal, S., & Mandal, S. N. (2017). Optimize the infrastructure design of hospital construction projects to manage hassle free services. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(10), editor@iaeme.com