Chapter 13. Education and Religion

Transcription

1 Chapter 13 Education and Religion

2 Education in Global Perspective Education and Industrialization In the early years of the United States, there was no free public education As industrialization progressed and fewer people made their living from farming: Formal education came to be regarded as essential to the well-being of society

3 Educational Achievements in the United States

4 Education in Global Perspective Education in Japan Emphasis on Solidarity Within Group Discourages Competition among Individuals Education in Russia Education, including College, was Free Post-Soviet Russia is Reinventing Education

5 Education in Global Perspective Education in Egypt Most People Work so Find Little Need for Education Mandatory Attendance Laws that Exist are Not Enforced Most Cannot Afford Education

6 Functionalist Perspective: Providing Social Benefits Teaching Knowledge and Skills Cultural Transmission of Values Social Integration Gatekeeping Replacing Family Functions

7 Conflict Perspective: Perpetuating Social Inequality The Hidden Curriculum Tilting the Tests: Discrimination by IQ Stacking the Deck: Unequal Funding The Bottom Line: Family Background Reproducing the Social Class Structure Reproducing the Racial Ethnic Structure

8 Who Goes to College? Comparing Social Class and Ability in Determining College Attendance

9 The Funneling Effects of Education: Race- Ethnicity

10 Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: Fulfilling Teacher Expectations The Rist Research Rist: each child s journey through school was determined by the eighth day of kindergarten! How Do Teacher Expectations Work? How teacher expectations affect grades

11 Problems in U.S. Education Rising Tide of Mediocrity Cheating on SATs Grade Inflation Social Promotion Functional Illiteracy Grade Inflation, Social Promotion, and Functional Illiteracy

12 Solutions in U.S. Education Higher Standards Raising them for Teachers Raising them for Students Warning About Higher Standards Cheating Violence A Secure Learning Environment

13 National Results of the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT)

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15 Three Elements of Religion Beliefs that Some Things are Sacred Practices Centering on Things Considered Sacred A Moral Community Resulting from a Group s Beliefs and Practices

16 The Functionalist Perspective Functions of Religion Questions about Ultimate Meaning Emotional Comfort Social Solidarity Guidelines for Everyday Life

17 The Functionalist Perspective Social Control Social Change Dysfunctions of Religion Religion as Justification for Persecution War and Terrorism

18 Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Focus on the meanings that people give their experiences Religious Symbols Rituals Beliefs Religious Experience

19 Conflict Perspective Marx s Opium of the People Legitimization of Social Inequalities Social Arrangements Represent God s Desires Divine Rights of Kings Pharaoh as God Hindu Cast System

20 Religion and the Spirit of Capitalism - Weber Max Weber disagreed with the conflict perspective Weber observed the early industrialization of Europe Source of Profound Social Change Religion Held the Key to Modernization The spirit of capitalism

21 Types of Religious Groups Cults Begin with Charismatic Leader All Religions Started this Way Most Cults Fail Sects Loosely Organized and Fairly Small Emphasize Personal Salvation

22 Types of Religious Groups Churches Highly Bureaucratized National and International Relationship with God Less Intense Ecclesia State Religions; part of Cultural Identification Variations in Patterns

23 Religious Groups: From Hostility to Acceptance

24 Religion in the U.S. Characteristics of Members Social Class Race-Ethnicity Characteristics of Religious Groups Diversity Pluralism and Freedom

25 Religion in the U.S. Competition and Recruitment Commitment Toleration Fundamentalist Revival The Electronic Church

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28 The Future of Religion Religion Thrives Science Cannot Tell Us About The Existence of God The Purpose of Life An Afterlife Morality

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