Buddhism in the Art and Aesthetics of Premodern Japan. Kazuko Kameda-Madar Hawaii Pacific University
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1 Buddhism in the Art and Aesthetics of Premodern Japan Kazuko Kameda-Madar Hawaii Pacific University
2 Nara Period Asuka period ( ) Nara period ( ) Heian Period ( ) Early Heian Fujiwara Kamakura Period ( ) Muromachi period ( ) Ashikaga Shogunate Onin Civil War ( ) Momoyama period ( ) Tokugawa (Edo) period ( )
3 Asuka Period Horyuji Temple, Nara Lecture Hall Gojunotô Kondô Middle Gate
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5 Horyu-ji, Great South Gate
6 Horyu-ji Great South Gate, Guardian Figures
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9 Horyu-ji, Kondo Shaka Triad By Tori Busshi Dated 623 Bronze
10 Tori Busshi, Horyuji Shaka triad, Asuka period, 623, Bronze Shakyamuni and Prabhutaratna, Hebei Province, Northern Wei Dynasty, 518, Gilded bronze, Musee Guimet, Paris
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12 Hōryuji, Yumedono
13 Kannon, Horyuji, Yumedono "Yumedono Kannon Gilt wood Asuka period, Early 7th century
14 Kudara Kannon, Horyuji Kondo Circa 650 Wood with paint and gold
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18 Transition from Bodhisattva Padmapani, detail of a wall painting in Ajanta Cave, later 5th century to Horyuji Amida triad, wall painting Horyuji Amida triad, wall painting
19 Late Nara Period (Tempyo Period) Vairocana Buddha, Longmen caves, Luoyang, Tang Dynasty, 676, Limestone Voluptuous style in Yakushi-ji Buddha triad sculpture in Nara is based on Tang Dynasty style Yakushi triad, Yakushiji Temple, Nara, 8th century, Bronze
20 Todaiji temple, original 8th century, refurbished in late 19th century
21 Daibutsu ("Great Buddha") Todaiji temple Original image: casting process began 746, completed 752 Current image: Body dates to 1192 Hands date to 16th century Head dates to 19th century
22 Fukukenjaku Kannon mid 8 th cent. Todaiji 3 rd Month Hall Dry lacquer with gilding
23 23
24 Shukongojin 733, painted clay 3 rd Month Hall at Todaiji 24
25 Four directional guardians of Kaidanin, Todaiji Mid-8th century. Unfired clay, pigment.
26 Ganjin Circa 763 Dry lacquer with pigment
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28 Heian 平安 period ( ) 710: Nara period capital Heijōkyō (now Nara) built 784: New capital built in Nagaoka Abandoned after 10 years 794: Move capital to Heiankyō (Capital of Peace and Tranquillity, Termination of government sponsored workshops Restriction of temples in capital Rise of New Forms of Buddhism (Shingon & Tendai) 894: Trade with continent ended-japan becomes closed Fujiwara family becomes most important and serves as regent (sessho) when emperor was child or civil dictator (kanpaku) when emperor was adult Fujiwara dominated political system by marrying their daughters into imperial family, especially the emperors Basis of wealth was income from country estates (shoen) which were often tax exempt and controlled by absentee owners in Kyoto
29 Kondo Muroji: Early Heian
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31 Early Heian sculpture = Jogan style
32 Shaka or Yakushi, Muroji, Early Heian One block Hompa shiki or wave style carving
33 Yakushi at Muroji: Early Heian single block technique
34 Yakushi at Jingoji early Heian 67 single block
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37 Shingon Buddhism Esoteric = Mikkyo has secret teachings as opposed to Exoteric Buddhism which is revealed, not hidden teachings True Word = Shingon Mantra = Chant for invoking power of a deity Mudra = Symbolic hand gestures Gorinnoto = 5 element pagoda (stupa) Mandala = schematic representation of deities or symbols of Buddhist ideals Three Bodies: Body of transformation, body of emanation, body of essence Dainichi Buddha = Great Sun Buddha Three Mysteries: body, speech & thought
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40 Kyo'ogokokuji (Toji) Main Gate and Pagoda
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48 Esoteric Buddhist Painting of the Heian Period Mandala of the Two Worlds: Kongōkai Mandala (Diamond-World Mandala) Toji temple Later 9th c, Heian period Ink, color, gold on silk Mandala of the Two Worlds: Taizōkai Mandala (Womb-World Mandala) Tōji temple Later 9th c, Heian period, Ink, color, gold on silk
49 Late Heian Buddhist Art Rise of Amidaism Phoenix Hall (Ho'odo), Byodoin temple. Built 1053.
50 Byodoin, Valley of the Temples Memorial Park (near Kaneohe)
51 Phoenix Hall at Night
52 Amida Buddha by Jōchō Dated to 1053 Gilded wood
53 Phoenix Hall (Hōōdō 鳳凰堂 ), Byōdōin temple. Built 1053.
54 Celestial musicians and dancers, 1053, Heian period, Wood and pigment
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56 Yakushi Nyorai, Toji Amida Nyorai, Taimadera
57 Shaka (Shakyamuni), 12th century, Heian period Ink, color, kirikane on silk. Hanging scroll Details with kirikane, urahaku
58 Heike nokyo 1164 Heian period Handscroll Ink, color, gold and silver on paper
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60 Kamakura Realism as a revival movement of Asuka/Nara Realism Thousand armed Bodhisattva, Kamakura period, Kofuku-ji
61 Classical model of Realism Ashura, 7 th century Asuka (Nara) period, Kofuku-ji
62 Unkei, Priest Muchaku, Kamakura period, Kofuku-ji Priest Muchaku represents Kamakura Realism
63
64 Kokei, Monk Kuya, Kamakura period, Rokuharamitsu dera
65 Thirty-Three Bays Hall, Kyoto 1249 rebuilt in 1266
66 Unkei and Kaikei, Thousand armed Bodhisattva, 13th century Kamakura period
67 Tentoki Ryūtoki Demon lamp bearers, by Koben Wood, paint, bronze, crystal
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69 Twelve Devas hanging scrolls, 9th century, Saidai-ji, Nara Bishamon-ten, Fū-ten, Enma-ten, Taishaku-ten Twelve Devas hanging scrolls, Formerly owned by To-ji, 1127, Kyoto National The Museum, Bishamon-ten, Fū-ten, Sui-ten, Taishaku-ten
70 Twelve Devas Folding Screens, Takuma Shōga, 1191, Tō-ji, Kyoto Bishamon-ten, Fū-ten, Enma-ten, Taishaku-ten
71 A set of Four Guardians, 14th century, Kaikodo Collection Bishamon-ten, Fū-ten, Enma-ten, Taishaku-ten
72 Hōnen ( ) founder of Pure Land or Jodo sect pting. Attrib. to Takanobu Shinran ( ) founder of True Pure Land or Jodo Shinshu sect
73 Haya Raigō early 13th Chionin
74 Yamagoshi Amida Amida Crossing Over the Mts.
75 Six Realms (Rokudo-e) Decay of the Body
76 Nichiren ( ) founder of Nichiren sect (Reveres Lotus Sutra Namu Myoho Renge Kyo)
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78 Muromachi Period, Ashikaga Shogunate (Samurai Regime) Kinkakuji, Ashikaga Yoshimitsu
79 Ginkakuji, The 8th Ashikaga Shogun Yoshimasa
80 Dry cascade and pools, Ryoanji, Muromachi period, 1450, 1499, after 1797
81 Zen (Chan) Buddhism established in China by Bodhidharma (Daruma In Japan: Rinzai Sect: Eisai ( ( ) Sōtō Sect: Dōgen ( ) Sesshu Daruma HuiK o
82 zen = meditation zazen = to sit in meditation koan = illogical puzzle that provokes insight chinzō = portrait of Zen master satori = enlightenment Zen Buddhism began in Kamakura but flourished in Muromachi
83 Sesshu Toyo, Muromachi period The most important painter, who produced haboku (splashed-ink) painting in the Muromachi period Landscape Haboku Splashed ink
84 Portrait of Wu Zhun, 1238
85 Shuho Myocho 1334 founder of Daitokuji
86 Daruma
87 Josetsu Catching cat-fish with a gourd (Hyōnen-zu) Mokuan Reien (d. 1345) Four Sleepers
88 Muqi, White Robed Guanyin, Monkeys, and Crane, Daitoku-ji, Kyoto, Japan
89 Hakuin Ekaku, January 19, January 18, 1768), Daruma Development in Edo period
90 Mokujiki Shonin ( )
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