Those who doubt the writing is from the autistic children themselves, lack compassion, and should stay the hell out of our lives!
|
|
- Blaze Daniel
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Those who doubt the writing is from the autistic children themselves, lack compassion, and should stay the hell out of our lives!
2 Ad misericordiam (appeal to pity)
3 So many people have communicated with their children by using F.C., they can not be wrong!
4 Ad populum (to the populace)
5 F.C. communication works much like a ouija board, as the letters build up, hypothesis are formed which direct the unconscious movement of the people playing the game
6 Argument by analogy
7 If the children are the authors of the communication, then it will not make any difference if they see something different from what their facilitators see. It does make a difference Therefore the children are not the authors of the communications.
8 Valid (a form of modus tollens, or denying the consequent!)
9 My validation that F.C. works came from the one time when my son asked for a trip to Hawaii, and he sat as good as gold on the plane on the trip to Hawaii!
10 Hasty Generalization
11 Since the prosecutors, teachers and psychologists all believed that the grandfather had molested the child, then he probably did.
12 Inappropriate appeal to authority
13 Either the facilitator is the author of the writing, or the autistic person is. Studies have concluded that the autistic children can not be the people who are doing the writing. Therefore the facilitator is the author of the writing.
14 Valid (disjunctive syllogismprocess of elimination)
15 F.C. is just like any other drug which is supposed to benefit society. Since prescription drugs must be tested to make sure they are safe and effective, then so should facilitated communication.
16 Argument by analogy
17 Jack Bigland, professor at Syracuse University, and main proponent of F.C., has a lot to lose if F.C. turns out to be bogus, so we can not trust his opinion on facilitated communication.
18 Ad hominem circumstantial (poisoning the well)
19 She typed: I M S N O S That easy! It is shorthand for: I miss nose!
20 Fallacy of Ambiguity (equivocation)
21 If I call my realtor and ask how the showing went on my house, she ll think I m too eager If I call and pretend I m calling about something else, she ll know why I m really calling and will think I m too eager If I don t call, she ll know I m afraid of being perceived as too eager, and will really, really think I m too eager. Me and my endless doomed quest for coyness
22 Argument from Ignorance Ad ignorantium (the conclusion that she will appear eager is non-falsifiable)
23 Since certain autistic children (idiot savants) possess amazing abilities in math and music, then why can t other autistic children possess the same abilities in literacy?
24 hasty generalization or false analogy
25
26 Fallacy of Ambiguity (equivocation)
27 Our child s third-grade teacher stated that she could not conceive of other people speaking for the autistic children, so facilitated communication must be real!
28 Inappropriate appeal to authority.
29 My grandmother died shortly after the doctor gave her a shot of a powerful antibiotic, so it must have been the antibiotic that killed her.
30 False cause (post hoc, ergo propter hoc)
31 Since there is no evidence that Accugen baby gender detector works, we can assume it does not.
32 Appeal to Ignorance
33
34 *Weak Induction (Hasty generalization = trends that are not indicative of the future) *Ad Hominem = user s hubris and ignorance *Appeal to Inappropriate Authority = testimonials from people whose results are not typical
35 You are either with us or against us.
36 Black-white fallacy (all or nothing fallacy False dichotomy)
37 You can t put any faith in what the one guy from Boston says, he talks like an idiot and can t even pronounce words correctly!
38 Ad hominem (abusive or circumstantial)
39 If Connie Gesari of the K. Gibbs School or typists can t type with one finger, then nobody can
40 Hasty Generalization
41 Airborne, a dietary supplement that many people take to help prevent and treat the common cold, is getting a lot of buzz.... Sally Firth, 37, a respiratory therapist in Milwaukee, said she recommended the effervescent tablets "to everyone who says hello."... Oprah Winfrey recently lauded Airborne on her talk show. Howard Stern did the same on his. The company watched its sales rise to more than $17 million last year, according to Information Resources Inc., which tracks retail sales. And the cold treatment has become America's 10th largest selling multivitamin... But does Airborne work? Doctors say there is so far no evidence to demonstrate that it does, (therefore they conclude it does not.)
42 Appeal to inappropriate authority (Oprah Winfrey...) Argument from ignorance (since it has not been proven effective, it isn t) Ad populum (everyone is using it)
43 The majority of humans that can read have eyes that see, hands that feel, ears that hear, noses that smell and tongues that taste. Therefore, since the majority of Bonobos (a species of Chimpanzee) have these same qualities, they should be able to read also.
44 False Analogy
45 If gravity is a warping of space-time, then light approaching the sun will be bent or deflected more than normal. Gravity is a warping of space-time Therefore light approaching the sun will be bent or deflected more than normal.
46 Valid (modus ponens)
47 Ex-President Clinton is a liar, a sex fiend, unfaithful to his wife, and an immoral President. Therefore one can easily dismiss his views on Foreign Policy, since nothing the man says can be trusted.
48 Ad hominem (abusive)
49
50 ad-hominem -appeal to inappropriate authority or (against the husband s conclusion) Argument by analogy
51
52 Tautology (begging the question)
53 Since the victim was found shot dead in the parking lot of a local bar, one should not drink or go to bars
54 False Cause (hasty generalization)
55 Democracy is the political system that gives each person one vote in deciding political decisions. Since only certain people get to vote in the primary elections, then we do not live in a democracy.
56 Straw man (mischaracterizes democracies)
57
58 False Dichotomy
Chapter 1. What is Philosophy? Thinking Philosophically About Life
Chapter 1 What is Philosophy? Thinking Philosophically About Life Why Study Philosophy? Defining Philosophy Studying philosophy in a serious and reflective way will change you as a person Philosophy Is
More informationIn view of the fact that IN CLASS LOGIC EXERCISES
IN CLASS LOGIC EXERCISES Instructions: Determine whether the following are propositions. If some are not propositions, see if they can be rewritten as propositions. (1) I have a very refined sense of smell.
More informationPractice Test Three Spring True or False True = A, False = B
Practice Test Three Spring 2015 True or False True = A, False = B 1. A sound argument is a valid deductive argument with true premisses. 2. A conclusion is a statement of support. 3. An easy way to determine
More informationChrist-Centered Critical Thinking. Lesson 7: Logical Fallacies
Christ-Centered Critical Thinking Lesson 7: Logical Fallacies 1 Learning Outcomes In this lesson we will: 1.Define logical fallacy using the SEE-I. 2.Understand and apply the concept of relevance. 3.Define,
More informationPractice Test Three Fall True or False True = A, False = B
Practice Test Three Fall 2015 True or False True = A, False = B 1. The inclusive "or" means "A or B or both A and B." 2. The conclusion contains both the major term and the middle term. 3. "If, then" statements
More informationCRITICAL THINKING. Formal v Informal Fallacies
CRITICAL THINKING FAULTY REASONING (VAUGHN CH. 5) LECTURE PROFESSOR JULIE YOO Formal v Informal Fallacies Irrelevant Premises Genetic Fallacy Composition Division Appeal to the Person (ad hominem/tu quoque)
More informationWhat is an argument? PHIL 110. Is this an argument? Is this an argument? What about this? And what about this?
What is an argument? PHIL 110 Lecture on Chapter 3 of How to think about weird things An argument is a collection of two or more claims, one of which is the conclusion and the rest of which are the premises.
More informationFull file at
Chapter 1 What is Philosophy? Summary Chapter 1 introduces students to main issues and branches of philosophy. The chapter begins with a basic definition of philosophy. Philosophy is an activity, and addresses
More information1. To arrive at the truth we have to reason correctly. 2. Logic is the study of correct reasoning. B. DEDUCTIVE AND INDUCTIVE ARGUMENTS
I. LOGIC AND ARGUMENTATION 1 A. LOGIC 1. To arrive at the truth we have to reason correctly. 2. Logic is the study of correct reasoning. 3. It doesn t attempt to determine how people in fact reason. 4.
More informationA R G U M E N T S I N A C T I O N
ARGUMENTS IN ACTION Descriptions: creates a textual/verbal account of what something is, was, or could be (shape, size, colour, etc.) Used to give you or your audience a mental picture of the world around
More informationThis fallacy gets its name from the Latin phrase "post hoc, ergo propter hoc," which translates as "after this, therefore because of this.
So what do fallacies look like? For each fallacy listed, there is a definition or explanation, an example, and a tip on how to avoid committing the fallacy in your own arguments. Hasty generalization Definition:
More information2/21/2014. FOUR WAYS OF KNOWING (Justifiable True Belief) 1. Sensory input; 2. Authoritative knowledge; 3. Logic and reason; 4. Faith and intuition
FOUR WAYS OF KNOWING (Justifiable True Belief) 1. Sensory input; 2. Authoritative knowledge; 3. Logic and reason; 4. Faith and intuition Argumentative Fallacies The Logic of Writing and Debate from http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/fallacies.html
More informationHandout 1: Arguments -- the basics because, since, given that, for because Given that Since for Because
Handout 1: Arguments -- the basics It is useful to think of an argument as a list of sentences.[1] The last sentence is the conclusion, and the other sentences are the premises. Thus: (1) No professors
More informationAnswers to Practice Problems 7.3
Answers to Practice Problems 7.3 Identify the fallacy in each statement or exchange. 1. Jim says that it is bad to invest in bonds right now. What does he know; he s just a janitor! d. equivocation 2.
More informationAPPENDIX A CRITICAL THINKING MISTAKES
APPENDIX A CRITICAL THINKING MISTAKES Critical thinking is reasonable and reflective thinking aimed at deciding what to believe and what to do. Throughout this book, we have identified mistakes that a
More informationFallacies. Definition: The premises of an argument do support a particular conclusion but not the conclusion that the arguer actually draws.
Fallacies 1. Hasty generalization Definition: Making assumptions about a whole group or range of cases based on a sample that is inadequate (usually because it is atypical or too small). Stereotypes about
More informationFallacies are deceptive errors of thinking.
Fallacies are deceptive errors of thinking. A good argument should: 1. be deductively valid (or inductively strong) and have all true premises; 2. have its validity and truth-of-premises be as evident
More informationThe Philosopher s World Cup
The Philosopher s World Cup Monty Python & the Flying Circus http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92vv3qgagck&feature=related What is an argument? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kqfkti6gn9y What is an argument?
More informationFallacies in logic. Hasty Generalization. Post Hoc (Faulty cause) Slippery Slope
Fallacies in logic Hasty Generalization Definition: Making assumptions about a whole group or range of cases based on a sample that is inadequate (usually because it is atypical or just too small). Stereotypes
More informationRecall. Validity: If the premises are true the conclusion must be true. Soundness. Valid; and. Premises are true
Recall Validity: If the premises are true the conclusion must be true Soundness Valid; and Premises are true Validity In order to determine if an argument is valid, we must evaluate all of the sets of
More informationMPS 17 The Structure of Persuasion Logos: reasoning, reasons, good reasons not necessarily about formal logic
MPS 17 The Structure of Persuasion Logos: reasoning, reasons, good reasons not necessarily about formal logic Making and Refuting Arguments Steps of an Argument You make a claim The conclusion of your
More informationRelevance. Premises are relevant to the conclusion when the truth of the premises provide some evidence that the conclusion is true
Relevance Premises are relevant to the conclusion when the truth of the premises provide some evidence that the conclusion is true Premises are irrelevant when they do not 1 Non Sequitur Latin for it does
More informationArgument. What is it? How do I make a good one?
Argument What is it? How do I make a good one? Argument Vs Persuasion Everything s an argument, really. Argument: appeals strictly by reason and logic Persuasion: logic and emotion The forum of your argument
More informationARGUMENTS. Arguments. arguments
ARGUMENTS Arguments arguments 1 Argument Worksheet 1. An argument is a collection of propositions with one proposition, the conclusion, following from the other propositions, the premises. Inference is
More informationHow to Argue Without Being Argumentative
How to Argue Without Being Argumentative We should first of all begin by explaining the title of this lecture: How to Argue Without Being Argumentative. Whenever people think of arguing or having an argument,
More informationArguments. 1. using good premises (ones you have good reason to believe are both true and relevant to the issue at hand),
Doc Holley s Logical Fallacies In order to understand what a fallacy is, one must understand what an argument is. Very briefly, an argument consists of one or more premises and one conclusion. A premise
More information1 Chapter 6 (Part 2): Assessing Truth Claims
1 Chapter 6 (Part 2): Assessing Truth Claims In the previous tutorial we saw that the standard of acceptability of a statement (or premise) depends on the context. In certain contexts we may only require
More informationLOGICAL FALLACIES/ERRORS OF ARGUMENT
LOGICAL FALLACIES/ERRORS OF ARGUMENT Deduction Fallacies Term Definition Example(s) 1 Equivocation Ambiguity 2 types: The word or phrase may be ambiguous, in which case it has more than one distinct meaning
More informationPHI 244. Environmental Ethics. Introduction. Argument Worksheet. Argument Worksheet. Welcome to PHI 244, Environmental Ethics. About Stephen.
Introduction PHI 244 Welcome to PHI 244, About Stephen Texts Course Requirements Syllabus Points of Interest Website http://seschmid.org, http://seschmid.org/teaching Email Policy 1 2 Argument Worksheet
More informationGalen A. Foresman, Peter S. Fosl, and Jamie Carlin Watson CRITICAL THINKING
The Galen A. Foresman, Peter S. Fosl, and Jamie Carlin Watson CRITICAL THINKING THE CRITICAL THINKING TOOLKIT GALEN A. FORESMAN, PETER S. FOSL, AND JAMIE C. WATSON THE CRITICAL THINKING TOOLKIT This
More informationAsking the Right Questions: A Guide to Critical Thinking M. Neil Browne and Stuart Keeley
Asking the Right Questions: A Guide to Critical Thinking M. Neil Browne and Stuart Keeley A Decision Making and Support Systems Perspective by Richard Day M. Neil Browne and Stuart Keeley look to change
More informationThere are two common forms of deductively valid conditional argument: modus ponens and modus tollens.
INTRODUCTION TO LOGICAL THINKING Lecture 6: Two types of argument and their role in science: Deduction and induction 1. Deductive arguments Arguments that claim to provide logically conclusive grounds
More informationStudy Guides. Chapter 1 - Basic Training
Study Guides Chapter 1 - Basic Training Argument: A group of propositions is an argument when one or more of the propositions in the group is/are used to give evidence (or if you like, reasons, or grounds)
More informationDebate Vocabulary 203 terms by mdhamilton25
Debate Vocabulary 203 terms by mdhamilton25 Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Accident Adapting Ad hominem attack (Attack on the person) Advantage Affirmative
More informationPhilosophical Arguments
Philosophical Arguments An introduction to logic and philosophical reasoning. Nathan D. Smith, PhD. Houston Community College Nathan D. Smith. Some rights reserved You are free to copy this book, to distribute
More informationCommon Logical Fallacies
Common Logical Fallacies Effective arguments rely on logic and facts for support, yet speakers and authors, whether intentionally or unintentionally, can mislead an audience with a flaw in reasoning. Readers
More informationReading Comprehension Fallacies in Reading
Reading Comprehension Fallacies in Reading Developed by Jamie A. Hughes, South Campus Learning Center, Communications Lab 04-25-05 Permission to copy and use is granted to all FCCJ staff provided this
More informationTOK FALLACIES Group 1: Clark Godwin, Kaleigh Rudge, David Fitzgerald, Maren Dorne, Thanh Pham
TOK FALLACIES 2016 Group 1: Clark Godwin, Kaleigh Rudge, David Fitzgerald, Maren Dorne, Thanh Pham 1. Argument ad Ignorantum Definition: Concepts that have not been proven true or false but are used in
More informationFallacies. What this handout is about. Arguments. What are fallacies?
The Writing Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb Fallacies What this handout is about This handout is on common logical fallacies that you may encounter in
More informationstage 2 Logic & Knowledge
stage 2 Logic & Knowledge What logic puts in order is the way we reason out. Logic makes explicit the rules of reasoning. Logical Inference Determining if an argument is valid or not is important, but
More informationLogic. A Primer with Addendum
Logic A Primer with Addendum The Currency of Philosophy Philosophy trades in arguments. An argument is a set of propositions some one of which is intended to be warranted or entailed by the others. The
More informationArgument and Persuasion. Stating Opinions and Proposals
Argument and Persuasion Stating Opinions and Proposals The Method It all starts with an opinion - something that people can agree or disagree with. The Method Move to action Speak your mind Convince someone
More informationFallacies. It is particularly easy to slip up and commit a fallacy when you have strong feelings about your. The Writing Center
The Writing Center Fallacies Like 40 people like this. What this handout is about This handout discusses common logical fallacies that you may encounter in your own writing or the writing of others. The
More informationBellwork Friday November 18th
Bellwork Friday November 18th In your Writing Journal please respond to the following prompt: What is the most ridiculous argument you have heard? Remember this is NOT fight argument. I m talking trying
More informationFALLACIES IN GENERAL IRRELEVANCE AMBIGUITY UNWARRANTED ASSUMPTIONS. Informal Fallacies. PHIL UA-70: Logic. February 17 19, 2015
Informal Fallacies PHIL UA-70: Logic February 17 19, 2015 OUTLINE FALLACIES IN GENERAL FALLACIES OF IRRELEVANCE FALLACIES INVOLVING AMBIGUITY FALLACIES INVOLVING UNWARRANTED ASSUMPTIONS OUTLINE FALLACIES
More informationQuestions for Critically Reading an Argument
ARGUMENT Questions for Critically Reading an Argument What claims does the writer make? What kinds and quality of evidence does the writer provide to support the claim? What assumptions underlie the argument,
More informationFallacies Keep in Your Binder
Fallacies Keep in Your Binder What this handout is about This handout is on common logical fallacies that you may encounter in your own writing or the writing of others. The handout provides definitions,
More informationFINO PhD Lectures 2018 Genova, 16 February Fallacies. Cristina Amoretti
FINO PhD Lectures 2018 Genova, 16 February 2018 Fallacies Cristina Amoretti Fallacies Fallacies are are deceptively bad arguments: they resemble valid/sound/good arguments but they are not A fallacy is
More informationLecture 4 Good and Bad Arguments Jim Pryor Some Good and Bad Forms of Arguments
Lecture 4 Good and Bad Arguments Jim Pryor Some Good and Bad Forms of Arguments 1 Agenda 1. Reductio Ad Absurdum 2. Burden of Proof 3. Argument by Analogy 4. Bad Forms of Arguments 1. Begging the Question
More informationThe Roman empire ended, the Mongol empire ended, the Persian empire ended, the British empire ended, all empires end, and none lasts forever.
BASIC ARGUMENTATION Alfred Snider, University of Vermont World Schools Debate Academy, Slovenia, 2015 Induction, deduction, causation, fallacies INDUCTION Definition: studying a sufficient number of analogous
More information3.2: FAULTY REASONING AND PROPAGANDA. Ms. Hargen
3.2: FAULTY REASONING AND PROPAGANDA Ms. Hargen PROPAGANDA Persuasion that deliberately discourages people from thinking for themselves. It relies on one-sided or distorted arguments. HASTY GENERALIZATION
More informationLemon Bay High School AP Language and Composition ENC 1102 Mr. Hertz
Lemon Bay High School AP Language and Composition ENC 1102 Mr. Hertz Please take out a few pieces of paper and a pen or pencil. Write your name, the date, your class period, and a title at the top of the
More informationLogical Fallacies. Continuing our foray into the world of Argument. Courtesy of:
Logical Fallacies Continuing our foray into the world of Argument Courtesy of: http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/fallacies.html What is an argument? An argument is not the same thing as a contradiction..
More informationLogical Fallacies. Continuing our foray into the world of Argument. Courtesy of:
Logical Fallacies Continuing our foray into the world of Argument Courtesy of: http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/fallacies.html What is Fallacy? Fallacies are defects that weaken arguments. First,
More informationPhysics 496 Introduction to Research. Lecture 2.0: Tools for the Scientific Skeptic (Based on a talk by Lance Cooper)
Physics 496 Introduction to Research Lecture 2.0: Tools for the Scientific Skeptic (Based on a talk by Lance Cooper) Critical Evaluation Scientific papers and research presentations, when well done, are
More informationLogic Chapter 3 Practice Test Matching: Match each of the following concepts to the most accurate definition.
Logic Chapter 3 Practice Test Matching: Match each of the following concepts to the most accurate definition. Fallacy Arguer uses a threat to convince the audience. Bandwagon Arguer arouses desire to be
More informationHow Thinking Goes Wrong Twenty-five Fallacies That Lead Us to Believe Weird Things
How Thinking Goes Wrong Twenty-five Fallacies That Lead Us to Believe Weird Things From Chapter 3 of Why people believe weird things by Michael Shermer 1 Announcement Starting next week, class will meet
More informationThe Field of Logical Reasoning: (& The back 40 of Bad Arguments)
The Field of Logical Reasoning: (& The back 40 of Bad Arguments) Adapted from: An Illustrated Book of Bad Arguments: Learn the lost art of making sense by Ali Almossawi *Not, by any stretch of the imagination,
More informationPersuasive Argument Relies heavily on appeals to emotion, to the subconscious, even to bias and prejudice. Characterized by figurative language,
Persuasive Argument Relies heavily on appeals to emotion, to the subconscious, even to bias and prejudice. Characterized by figurative language, rhythmic patterns of speech, etc. Logical Argument Appeals
More informationThe Argumentative Essay
The Argumentative Essay but what is the difference between an argument and a quarrel? Academic argumentation is based on logical, structured evidence that attempts the reader to accept an opinion, take
More informationPHIL2642 CRITICAL THINKING USYD NOTES PART 1: LECTURE NOTES
PHIL2642 CRITICAL THINKING USYD NOTES PART 1: LECTURE NOTES LECTURE CONTENTS LECTURE 1: CLAIMS, EXPLAINATIONS AND ARGUMENTS LECTURE 2: CONDITIONS AND DEDUCTION LECTURE 3: MORE DEDUCTION LECTURE 4: MEANING
More informationPhilosophy 12 Study Guide #4 Ch. 2, Sections IV.iii VI
Philosophy 12 Study Guide #4 Ch. 2, Sections IV.iii VI Precising definition Theoretical definition Persuasive definition Syntactic definition Operational definition 1. Are questions about defining a phrase
More informationI. Claim: a concise summary, stated or implied, of an argument s main idea, or point. Many arguments will present multiple claims.
Basics of Argument and Rhetoric Although arguing, speaking our minds, and getting our points across are common activities for most of us, applying specific terminology to these activities may not seem
More informationRevisiting the Socrates Example
Section 1.6 Section Summary Valid Arguments Inference Rules for Propositional Logic Using Rules of Inference to Build Arguments Rules of Inference for Quantified Statements Building Arguments for Quantified
More informationChapter 2. Moral Reasoning. Chapter Overview. Learning Objectives. Teaching Suggestions
Chapter 2 Moral Reasoning Chapter Overview This chapter provides students with the tools necessary for analyzing and constructing moral arguments. It also builds on Chapter 1 by encouraging students to
More informationLogical Fallacies RHETORICAL APPEALS
Logical Fallacies RHETORICAL APPEALS Rhetorical Appeals Ethos Appeals to credibility Pathos Appeals to emotion Logos Appeals to logic Structure of an Analysis/Argument Arguments operate under logic Your
More informationLOGICAL FALLACIES. Common Mistakes in Weak Arguments. (these are bad don t use them ) AP English Language & Composition
LOGICAL FALLACIES Common Mistakes in Weak Arguments (these are bad don t use them ) AP English Language & Composition ALWAYS BE ON THE LOOKOUT FOR FAULTY REASONING! DEFINITION Logical fallacies are flaws
More informationPHILOSOPHY 102 INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC PRACTICE EXAM 1. W# Section (10 or 11) 4. T F The statements that compose a disjunction are called conjuncts.
PHILOSOPHY 102 INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC PRACTICE EXAM 1 W# Section (10 or 11) 1. True or False (5 points) Directions: Circle the letter next to the best answer. 1. T F All true statements are valid. 2. T
More informationDo you really know? Is Knowledge Possible? Skepticism and Fideism. Skepticism sounds like
Do you really know? Important distinctions between words: Is Knowledge Possible? Mr. Ammerman KNOW vs THINK vs BELIEVE Do you know that the world you are in is a dream or real? Do you know you have a soul?
More informationGenuine dichotomies expressed using either/or statements are always true:
CRITICAL THINKING HANDOUT 13 DILEMMAS You re either part of the solution or you re part of the problem Attributed to Eldridge Cleaver, 1968 Over time it s going to be important for nations to know they
More informationSession 10 INDUCTIVE REASONONING IN THE SCIENCES & EVERYDAY LIFE( PART 1)
UGRC 150 CRITICAL THINKING & PRACTICAL REASONING Session 10 INDUCTIVE REASONONING IN THE SCIENCES & EVERYDAY LIFE( PART 1) Lecturer: Dr. Mohammed Majeed, Dept. of Philosophy & Classics, UG Contact Information:
More informationLOGIC. Inductive Reasoning. Wednesday, April 20, 16
LOGIC Inductive Reasoning Inductive Reasoning Arguments reason from the specific to the general. It is important because this reasoning is based on what we learn from our experiences. Specific observations
More informationPHI 1500: Major Issues in Philosophy
PHI 1500: Major Issues in Philosophy Session 3 September 9 th, 2015 All About Arguments (Part II) 1 A common theme linking many fallacies is that they make unwarranted assumptions. An assumption is a claim
More informationVarsity LD: It s All About Clash. 1:15 pm 2:30 pm TUESDAY, June 26
Varsity LD: It s All About Clash. 1:15 pm 2:30 pm TUESDAY, June 26 Session will discuss on how to refute arguments more effectively. Tim Cook Salado High School Tim.cook@saladoisd.org Attention All Attendees:
More informationLogical Fallacies. Define the following logical fallacies and provide an example for each.
Logical Fallacies An argument is a chain of reasons that a person uses to support a claim or a conclusion. To use argument well, you need to know 1) how to draw logical conclusions from sound evidence
More informationb) The meaning of "child" would need to be taken in the sense of age, as most people would find the idea of a young child going to jail as wrong.
Explanation for Question 1 in Quiz 8 by Norva Lo - Tuesday, 18 September 2012, 9:39 AM The following is the solution for Question 1 in Quiz 8: (a) Which term in the argument is being equivocated. (b) What
More informationToday s Tasks. 1. Argument 2. Fallacies: a. Ad Hominem b. Straw Man c. Appeal to ignorance d. Begging the Question
Today s Tasks 1. Argument 2. Fallacies: a. Ad Hominem b. Straw Man c. Appeal to ignorance d. Begging the Question Argument An argument is a collection of statements, some of which are intended as premises
More informationSection 3.5. Symbolic Arguments. Copyright 2013, 2010, 2007, Pearson, Education, Inc.
Section 3.5 Symbolic Arguments What You Will Learn Symbolic arguments Standard forms of arguments 3.5-2 Symbolic Arguments A symbolic argument consists of a set of premises and a conclusion. It is called
More informationChapter 5: Ways of knowing Reason (p. 111)
Chapter 5: Ways of knowing Reason (p. 111) Neils Bohr (1885 1962) to Einstein: You are not thinking. You are merely being logical. Reason is one of the four ways of knowing: Perception Language Emotion
More informationFROM INQUIRY TO ACADEMIC WRITING CHAPTER 8 FROM ETHOS TO LOGOS: APPEALING TO YOUR READERS
FROM INQUIRY TO ACADEMIC WRITING CHAPTER 8 FROM ETHOS TO LOGOS: APPEALING TO YOUR READERS YOUR UNDERSTANDING OF YOUR READERS INFLUENCES HOW YOU SEE A PARTICULAR SITUATION DEFINE AN ISSUE EXPLAIN THE ONGOING
More informationaccent, fallacy of accident, fallacy of accuracy act-deontology affirming the antecedent affirming the consequent ambiguous, ambiguity ampersand (&)
GLOSSARY accent, fallacy of Accent is one of several informal fallacies. In one form, it consists of placing an unusual stress on a word and drawing a conclusion on the basis of that stress. Example: Thou
More informationA red herring is a dead fish. Dog trainers used to use red herrings to train their tracking dogs and try to get them off the trail.
M. Rivest, Ph.D. Counseling Solutions at SMI Arguing Badly, Part 1 A student in my class on Creating an Effective Argument said that she had enrolled for the purpose of learning how to win arguments with
More informationLogic, reasoning and fallacies. Example 0: valid reasoning. Decide how to make a random choice. Valid reasoning. Random choice of X, Y, Z, n
Logic, reasoning and fallacies and some puzzling Before we start Introductory Examples Karst Koymans Informatics Institute University of Amsterdam (version 16.3, 2016/11/21 12:58:26) Wednesday, November
More informationLogic: A Brief Introduction. Ronald L. Hall, Stetson University
Logic: A Brief Introduction Ronald L. Hall, Stetson University 2012 CONTENTS Part I Critical Thinking Chapter 1 Basic Training 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Logic, Propositions and Arguments 1.3 Deduction and Induction
More informationSome Templates for Beginners: Template Option 1 I am analyzing A in order to argue B. An important element of B is C. C is significant because.
Common Topics for Literary and Cultural Analysis: What kinds of topics are good ones? The best topics are ones that originate out of your own reading of a work of literature. Here are some common approaches
More informationConditional Probability, Hypothesis Testing, and the Monty Hall Problem
Conditional Probability, Hypothesis Testing, and the Monty Hall Problem Ernie Croot August 29, 2008 On more than one occasion I have heard the comment Probability does not exist in the real world, and
More informationSemantic Entailment and Natural Deduction
Semantic Entailment and Natural Deduction Alice Gao Lecture 6, September 26, 2017 Entailment 1/55 Learning goals Semantic entailment Define semantic entailment. Explain subtleties of semantic entailment.
More informationChapter 7: Inductive Fallacies
Chapter 7: Inductive Fallacies Please read through the following passage: First you arrange things into groups. Of course one pile may be enough, depending on how much there is to do; but some things definitely
More informationSection 3.5. Symbolic Arguments. Copyright 2013, 2010, 2007, Pearson, Education, Inc.
Section 3.5 Symbolic Arguments INB able of Contents Date opic Page # July 28, 2014 Section 3.5 Examples 84 July 28, 2014 Section 3.5 Notes 85 July 28, 2014 Section 3.6 Examples 86 July 28, 2014 Section
More information2. This can be done intentionally, but often it is unintentional.
Lecture 7: Fallacies of Vacuity Philosophy 130 15 & 22 March 2016 O Rourke I. Administrative A. Problem Set #3 Due April 5; will post these problems by the end of the week B. Exam #1 will return at the
More information14.6 Speaking Ethically and Avoiding Fallacies L E A R N I N G O B JE C T I V E S
14.6 Speaking Ethically and Avoiding Fallacies L E A R N I N G O B JE C T I V E S 1. Demonstrate the importance of ethics as part of the persuasion process. 2. Identify and provide examples of eight common
More informationPHILOSOPHY IM 25 SYLLABUS IM SYLLABUS (2019)
PHILOSOPHY IM 25 SYLLABUS IM SYLLABUS (2019) IM SYLLABUS (2019): Philosophy Philosophy IM 25 Syllabus (Available in September) 1 Paper (3 hrs) 1. Introduction Since the time of the ancient Greeks, philosophy
More informationFALLACIES. using good premises (ones you have good reason to believe are both true and relevant to the issue at hand),
FALLACIES What this handout is about... This handout discusses common logical fallacies, which you may encounter in your own writing or the writing of others. The handout provides definitions, examples,
More informationHow To Recognize and Avoid Them. Joseph M Conlon Technical Advisor, AMCA
How To Recognize and Avoid Them Joseph M Conlon Technical Advisor, AMCA Fallacies are logical errors that weaken arguments Commonplace Can be persuasive to the uninformed Can be driven by agendas or strong
More informationLogic & Fallacies. An argument is, to quote the Monty Python sketch, "a connected series of statements to establish a definite proposition".
Introduction Logic & Fallacies There's a lot of debate on the net. Unfortunately, much of it is of very low quality. The aim of this document is to explain the basics of logical reasoning, and hopefully
More informationPlease visit our website for other great titles:
First printing: July 2010 Copyright 2010 by Jason Lisle. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission of the publisher, except
More informationConvincing People You re Right, With Style. actuality it is not. Writing in this form is simply making use of both critical thought, and
Everett Butler Hanson Advanced Comp. January, 4, 2018 Convincing People You re Right, With Style Abstract The idea of philosophical writing may seem high minded and intimidating at first, but in actuality
More informationQuick Write # 11. Create a narrative for the following image
Welcome to class Quick Write # 11 Create a narrative for the following image Day 17 Agenda Quick Write # 11 Peer editing Review Autobiographical Narrative reading Book Club presentations Peer Editing
More informationBasic Concept Exercises
CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX EXERCISES Determine which fallacy, if any, is committed in each of the following passages. For the Intermediate and Challenging Exercises, look also for argumentative fallacies and other
More informationFriday April 22, 2011 Schedule for the Day
riday April 22, 2011 Schedule for the Day Am: Critical Reasoning -- Comment s on riday s Assignment --Discussion of oday s Assignment --Workshop on new material: allacies involving emotion; table methods
More information