Colonial America. Roanoke : The Lost Colony. Founded: 1585 & Founded by: Sir Walter Raleigh WHEN: WHO? 100 men

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1 Colonial America Roanoke : The Lost Colony Founded: 1585 & 1587 Reasons for Settlement Vocabulary a country s permanent settlement in another part of the world. the ability to worship however you choose. treating people harshly because of their beliefs. the way a society organizes the Founded by: Sir Walter Raleigh WHEN: 1585 (first time) WHO? 100 men WHY? Economic Venture; to find gold to make England richer. SIR WALTER RALEIGH FOUNDER OF ROANOKE COLONY. GRANTED A *PATENT FROM QUEEN ELIZABETH II TO DISCOVER AND SETTLE LANDS IN NORTH AMERICA. This was England s first attempt at establishing a permanent settlement in North America. manufacture and exchange of things of value, such as money, food, products, and services. a project with the goal of making * patent: a government authority to someone the right to make, use, or sell some invention or discovery money.

2 WHERE? LET S TRY THAT AGAIN... WHEN: 1587 (the second time) WHO? 94 (included 17 women and 9 children) WHAT HAPPENED NEXT? JOHN WHITE LEADER OF THE COLONY; GRANDFATHER OF VIRGINIA DARE; CAME BACK TO FIND EVERYONE MISSING. English ships could not to land supplies and the sandy, infertile soil produced few crops. The poor location virtually doomed Roanoke to failure. When colonists could no longer get food from the Algonquians they hopped on a passing ship and went back to England. EPIC FAIL! John White returned home for supplies. He was unable to return to Roanoke for 3 years. When he arrived in Roanoke, the settlement was mysteriously abandoned. There was only one skeleton and no sign of attack. The only clue was carved into a tree -- the word CROATOAN VIRGINIA DARE FIRST ENGLISH BABY BORN IN NORTH AMERICA. He never discovered what happened to his daughter and granddaughter. Discouraged by the disappearance, the English did not try again for another 20 years.

3 Jamestown Founded: 1607 Founded by: The Virginia Company WHO? 108 settlers, employees of the Virginia Company. WHY? Economic Venture Investors expected the company to settle the New World, find gold, map a water route to China. WHAT HAPPENED NEXT? The settlers built a fort, then fell into a life and death struggle, battling drought, disease, famine, and local natives. The colony survived its first two years because of Captain John Smith. Captain Smith forced colonists to work six hours a day in the fields. In December of 1607, Captain John Smith was on an exploration and trading mission when he was captured by Powhatan, the chief of the confederacy of tribes in the area. According to a later story told by Smith, he was saved by Powhatan's daughter, Pocahontas. Pocahontas began to help the settlers, bringing them much-needed food that saved them from starvation, and even tipping them off about an ambush. Smith credited Pocahontas with preserving "this Colonie from death, famine and utter confusion" for "two or three He that does not work, does not eat Captain John Smith yeeres."

4 Led by John Rolfe, the colonists learned how to raise tobacco in The addictive nicotine in tobacco meant consumers would pay high prices to satisfy their craving. Tobacco plants prefer a long, hot, and humid growing season, the crop thrived in Virginia but not in England, giving colonists an advantage. Due to the many harbors and an extensive river system, the Chesapeake permitted the shipping of tobacco in bulk across the Atlantic to Europe. Tobacco sold in England for about five to ten times as much as it cost to produce in the Chesapeake. That meant that if a planter could obtain land and a few laborers, he could make more in a year than in a decade spent in England.

5 Plymouth: The First Thanksgiving Founded 1620 Founded by: Separatist Pilgrims WHY? Religious freedom; end to persecution WHO? Separatist Pilgrims A group of religious emigrants from England who were seeking a new life in America. They arrived on the Mayflower with other passengers known as Strangers. The Pilgrims hoped to settle in Virginia, but landed too far north. In the first winter, over half of the Pilgrims died from the cold. After the Mayflower was safely anchored, 41 pilgrim men signed an agreement which established the system by which they wished to govern themselves. This document has come to be known as The Mayflower Compact. It was the first official government in the colonies. Squanto and Samoset were Wampanoag Indians who taught the Pilgrims how to farm and hunt. The First Thanksgiving celebrated their first successful harvest. Thanksgiving did not become an official holiday until President Lincoln made it a national holiday in WILLIAM BRADFORD FIRST GOVERNOR OF PLYMOUTH; HELPED WRITE THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT

6 Massachusetts Bay Colony Founded 1630 Founded by: Puritans WHY? Religious freedom for the Puritans John Winthrop, the first governor of Massachusetts Bay; established government based on Christian teachings and beliefs. JOHN WINTHROP FIRST GOVERNOR OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY; WHO? Puritans Church and government were united in England. Law demanded that everyone support the official Church of England with taxes and regular attendance. A religious group that was trying to purify the church by changing the way that people lived and worshipped. They wanted a simple church without priests, formal prayers and ceremonies. When they could not change the church, they decided to leave England. ROGER WILLIAMS PURITAN MINISTER, FOUNDER OF RHODE ISLAND Roger Williams, a Puritan minister who was kicked out for his beliefs. He founded the colony of Rhode Island. Early success in the Massachusetts Bay colony led to a period known as the Great Migration in which thousands of people moved to America for religious freedom and tolerance. Colony was the site of the Salem Witch Trials in 1692, in which 20 people were executed for witchcraft.

7 Founded by: William Penn WHY? Religious freedom for the Quakers and Pennsylvania Founded 1681 people of all religions. WILLIAM PENN QUAKER LEADER AND FOUNDER OF THE PENNSYLVANIA COLONY The colony was named after Penn s father; Pennsylvania means Penn s Woods Philadelphia was its first major city and would become the first capital of the United States. Philadelphia was also the host city for the 1st and 2nd Continental Congresses and the Constitutional Convention. WHO? Quakers William Penn was a Quaker leader who had been critical of the king s policies on religious practice. The king of England owed Penn s late father 16,000. To get Penn out of his hair and pay off his debts; the king gave him a big piece of land in America.

8 Georgia Founded 1732 Founded by: James Oglethorpe WHY? Relief for debtors; buffer zone against the Spanish in Florida WHO? Debtors James Oglethorpe was a member of British Parliament who was disgusted at the conditions at debtors prisons and decided to do something about it. JAMES OGLETHORPE FOUNDER OF GEORGIA Oglethorpe hoped colonists would become productive citizens working both to improve themselves and defend the colony. In addition to starting Georgia, James Oglethorpe was also one of the first to try to ban alcohol and slavery from his colony - unsuccessfully. Georgia is the last of the 13 original colonies to be founded. In addition to providing a safe haven for debtors, Georgia was also a place for many people seeking freedom from religious persecution. To reduce the number of English in poverty, debtors and the unemployed were sent to Georgia to work on their own farms.