Pre-AP Agenda (9/22-26)

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1 Pre-AP Agenda (9/22-26) Monday - Copy agenda - Jamestown & John Smith (the myth, the legend, the fraud?) Tuesday - Pilgrims, Plymouth, and Religious Persecution Wednesday - From Top Mass. To Georgia (the rest of the 13) Thursday - Unit 2 Performance Task: Colonial Regional Differences Friday - Growth of Slavery & the Triangular Trade

2 This Week s Agenda (9/22-26) Monday - Copy agenda - Jamestown & John Smith (the myth, the legend, the fraud?) Tuesday - Pilgrims, Plymouth, and Religious Persecution Wednesday - From Top Mass. To Georgia (the rest of the 13) Thursday - Unit 2 Performance Task: Colonial Regional Differences Friday - Growth of Slavery & the Triangular Trade

3 The Jamestown Settlement Named after King James I Swampy land with undrinkable water. Little leadership at start Men were more interested in treasure hunting than planting crops. Less than 40 of the original 144 survive through the first winter

4 John Smith 27 year old adventurer. Captured by Powhattan (Algonquin chief) Pocahontas begged for his life. Took leadership role in Jamestown. If you don t work you don t eat.

5 The Starving Time Smith returns to England in 1609 after being burned in a powder explosion The colony survives, but continues to struggle The winter of is known as the Starving Time, where colonists turn to stealing & cannibalism And yet more colonists & supplies pour in, now including women & tobacco!

6 APARTY Author: Who wrote / created this document? How do you know? What do you know about this person or organization? What is this author s point of view? How could what you know about this person affect how you process this document? Place & Time: Where and when was this produced? How do you know? Why does this matter? How might this affect your analysis of the document? Audience: For whom was this document created? How do you know? How might this affect your analysis of the document? Reason: Why was this document created? What did the author hope would happen as a result? What did they want? The Main Idea: If you were to reduce this document to a short simple sentence or two, what would it say? Note: this is not the same as explaining what this document is about. What is it saying? Yeah: So What? Why is this source important? What is there to be learned from analyzing it? To put it another way, why did your teacher have you read or examine this?

7 The Generall Historie of Virginia by John Smith (1624) This is Smith s first public mention of the Pocahontas story, although he refers to it in a letter he wrote to Queen Anne in Smith also wrote about the colony in 1608 and 1612, but he made no mention of the rescue story. Smith s 1624 book was published after an Indian attack in 1622 brought the Virginia Company s handling of the colony into question.

8 From The Generall Historie of Virginia by John Smith (1624) At his [Smith s] entrance before the King [Powhatan], all the people gave a great shout. The Queen of Appamatuck was appointed to bring him water to wash his hands, and another brought him a bunch of feathers, in stead of a Towell to dry them: having feasted him after their best barbarous manner they could a long consultation was held, but the conclusion was, two great stones were brought before Powhatan: then as many as could layd hands on him, dragged him to them, and thereon laid his head. And being ready with their clubs. To beate out his braines, Pocahontas the Kings dearest daughter, when no intreaty could prevaile, got his head in her arms, and laid her owne upon his to save from death. [sic on all spellings and punctuation]

9 Captain John Smith by Henry Adams (1862) Adams essay criticizing John Smith was written during the Civil War. Adams was a descendant of Presidents John Adams and John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts. Massachusetts (in the north) fought on the side of the Union during the Civil War, Virginia (in the south) on the side of the Confederacy

10 From Captain John Smith by Henry Adams (1862) This is Adams response to a letter written by John Smith in 1608: There is not a trace of his [Smith] having felt any immediate fear for his life, except from a savage whose son he killed and from whom Opechankanough protected him. There does indeed occur one line to the effect that they fed him so fat as to make him much doubt they meant to sacrifice him; and this paragraph furnishes the most striking evidence of the kindness of the Indians Yet in 1624 we learn all this long time of his imprisonment he was still expecting every hour to be put to one death or another. [sic on all spellings and punctuation]

11 From Captain John Smith by Henry Adams (1862) This is Adams response to a document about the culture of Virginia Indians written by John Smith in 1612: Among the customs which he [Smith] describes as peculiar to the Indians was the form of execution practiced against criminals. Their heads, he says, were placed upon an altar, or sacrificing-stone, while one with clubbes beates out their braines. During his captivity, he adds, not indeed that he had actually seen this mode of execution, but that an Indian had been beaten in his presence till he fell senseless, without a cry or complaint. Here we have, therefore, the whole idea of the story which he afterwards made public. [sic on all spellings and punctuation]

12 Disney s Pocahontas

13 From The Pocahontas Myth by Chief Roy Crazy Horse of the Powhatan Nation (1997) In 1995 Roy Disney decided to release an animated movie about a Powhatan woman known as Pocahontas. In answer to a complaint by the Powhatan Nation, he claims that the film is responsible, accurate, and respectful. We of the Powhatan Nation disagree. The film distorts history beyond recognition. Our offers to assist Disney with cultural and historical accuracy were rejected.

14 From The Pocahontas Myth by Chief Roy Crazy Horse of the Powhatan Nation (1997) Pocahontas was a nickname, meaning the naughty one or spoiled child. Her real name was Matoaka. The legend is that she saved a heroic John Smith from being clubbed to death by her father in 1607 she would have been about 10 or 11 at the time. The truth is that Smith s fellow colonists described him as an abrasive, ambitious, self-promoting mercenary soldier. The truth of the matter is the first time John Smith told the story about this rescue was 17 years after it happened. Yet in an account Smith wrote after his winter stay with Powhatan s people, he never mentioned the incident with Pocahontas. In fact, the starving adventurer reported he had been kept comfortable and treated in a friendly fashion as an honored guest of Powhatan.

15 From The Pocahontas Myth by Chief Roy Crazy Horse of the Powhatan Nation (1997) Euro-Americans must ask themselves why it has been so important to elevate Smith s fibbing to status as a national myth worthy of being recycled again by Disney. Disney even improves upon it by changing Pocahontas from a little girl into a young woman.

16 From The Pocahontas Myth by Chief Roy Crazy Horse of the Powhatan Nation (1997) The true Pocahontas story has a sad ending. In 1612, at the age of 17, Pocahontas was treacherously taken prisoner by the English while she was on a social visit, and was held hostage at Jamestown for over a year. During her captivity, a 28-year old widower named John Rolfe took a special interest in the attractive young prisoner. As a condition of her release, she agreed to marry Rolfe, who the world can thank for commercializing tobacco. Shortly after, they had a son, whom they named Thomas Rolfe.

17 From The Pocahontas Myth by Chief Roy Crazy Horse of the Powhatan Nation (1997) In the spring of 1616, Rolfe took Pocahontas to England where the Virginia Company of London used her in their propaganda campaign to support the colony. She was wined and dined and taken to theaters. It was recorded that on one occasion when she encountered John Smith (who was also in London at the time), she was so furious with him, hid her face, and went off by herself for several hours. Rolfe, his young wife, and their son set off for Virginia in March of 1617, but Pocahontas has to be taken off the ship at Gravesend. She died there in March 21, 1617, at the age of 21. She was buried at Gravesend, but the grave was destroyed in a reconstruction of the church. It was only after her death and fame in London society that Smith found it convenient to invent the yarn that she had rescued him.

18 The Pilgrims Separatist group that escaped to the Netherlands from England to avoid persecution. Given a charter for a small section of the Virginia Company s charter

19 Lost at Sea The Pilgrims ships went off course during a storm. Found land in New England (present-day Massachusetts) They were outside the border of the Virginia Company s charter, so

20 Mayflower Compact they had to make their own. All men on board the Mayflower signed the document to organize, into a civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation.

21 3 goals of Plymouth Colony: 1. The glory of God 2. Advancement of Christian faith 3. Honor of our King and country

22 Harsh Winter Just like Jamestown, the Plymouth Colony has their own starving time Squanto and Samoset helped translate peace with the Massasoit Indians nearby. The Native Americans helped the colonists learn to fish, grow crops, and build shelter.

23 Thanksgiving Three day festival to honor the peace between the Native Americans and Pilgrims. Blessing for the good harvest.

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