ON AN UNPUBLISHED 0YLINDER OF ESARHADDON.*

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1 VOL. VIII. APRIL-JULY, Nos. 3 and 4. ON AN UNPUBLISHED 0YLINDER OF ESARHADDON.* BY S. ARTHUR Cambridge, England. STRONGo, The cylinder here published and translated for the first time belongs to that group of documents of Esarhaddon and Alurbanipal, of which the common theme is the restoration of the temples of the province and city of Babylon and the return of the banished gods to their ancient seats. It is dedicated A to Ibtar of Erech, and describes in the usual way the restoration of lanna the temple of Anu, in which, as we learn, there was a shrine of IJtar called fnirgalanna. Its exact date is imnpossible to determine; but it probably belongs to the very end of the reign of Esarhaddon, seeing that it speaks for instance of the bringing back of Marduk to Esagila as an accomplished fact, though we know that he was not finally installed there until the beginning of the reign of Aiurbanipal, who expressly says that he completed what his father had left unfinished at Esagila. The cylinder is of grey clay, small and barrel-shaped. It is numbered in the collection of the British Museum; but "where it was found is not known" (PSBA., 1884, p. 181). The characters are of the Babylonian form, clearly written and, with few exceptions, well preserved. A transliteration, with a translation of a few of the lines, has been given (Keilinschriftliche Bibliothek, II., p. 120), by Winckler, who (1. 1) reads I tar Eurbutid bilit Namid for I. gurbuti 4tillit hame and EarruBti for harutti; (1. 9) reads itu kun for itit kun; (1. 17) sattuki for sattukku; (1. 20) li for rabfi, and omits biti~u; (1. 27) reads Sumiri for Mumaru; (1.28) Bil-ibni for B41-bani, and (1.29) sati for iati. * The text has also been published by Prof. G. A. Barton in the Proceedings of the American Oriental Society, 1891; but the present article was in the hands of the printer before Prof. Barton's edition reached England.-ED.

2 114 LIEBRAI(c A TRANSLITERATION. 1) a-na IJ-tar bdlti Tur-bu-ti 4-til-lit Ram-4 u irsi-tinm ka-rit-ti ilani sa-ruuh-ti 2) ILtar Uruk ru-ba-a-ti sir-ti li-ka-a-ti pa-ra-as A-num-u-tu 3) Ma ri-kis t&-ri-4-ti ba-am-mat 4) ru-um-ti ti-iz-kar-ti M a-na ~arri mi-ig-ri-ga ki-nil ip-pal-la-su 5) pali-eu u-8al-ba-ru i-lar-ra-ku-ul da-na-nu u li-i-ti 6) ia-nun-ka-at ad-na-a-ti ha-lku-ti ilani a-li-bat E-nir-gal-an-na 7) Sa ki-rib E-an-na ba-lit Uruk balti rabi-ti bilti-hu 8) ASur-abh-iddi-na Marru rabu-u garru dan-nu har kilati Mar AMur lar kib-rat irbit-ti hakkanak Babili har Bu-md-ri u Akkadi 9) ti-ri-is kata Aiur i-tu-ut kun lib-bi Bali ni-bit Marduk mi-gir Jr-ni-ni A 10) Eia ultu si-bi-ri-au a-na ALLur A-num Bdli E-a Sin 8amli Rammin Marduk Nabi Nergal u ILtar 11) ilani rabiti it-tak-lu-ma ni-is-sat-su u-4ak-li-du-ul i-mu-ru da-na-ansu-un 12) a-na nu-ub-bu lib-bi ilu-u-ti-~u-nu u nu-up-pu-ul ka-bit-ti-au-nu silli-. Au-nu da-ru-u 13) it-ru-su 41i-Eu 14) ina 4-muk A~lur-BE l apil Bdli u Itar i-bd-lu-ma ilani ti-ik-li-iu kul-lat mnatti 15) ina gi-mir ma-li-ku u-mak-ni- u id-pu-ul-au 16) ba-nu-u bit Alur 4-pil E-sag-ila u Babili mnu-ud-dia E-an-na 17) mu-lak-lil el-ri-4-ti u ma-ba-zu mu-kin sat-tuk-ku 18) Marru la ina 6i-mi pali-tu bilu rabu-u Marduk a-na BTbili sa-li-rnmu ir-hu-u 19) ina E-sag-ila Akalli-Bu ir-mu-u Mu-bat-su 20) A-num rabu-u ana Ali-iu Dir-ilu u biti-tu E-dim-gal-kalam-ma u-seri-bu-ma 21) u-ad-li-bu pa-rak-ka da-ra-a-ti 22) ilini matati ia ana Alur i-bi-iu-ni Tu-kut-ta-Eu-nu ud-dil-ma ul-tu ki-rib A~Alr 23) ana al-ri-au-nu u-tir-eu-nu-ti-ma u-kin il-ku-u-~-u-un 24) rubi An-ku it-pi-eu ba-sis kl Mip-ri ha ina ma-ba-zu rabiti 25) si-ma-a-ti ii-tak-ka-nu ul-ti-li-ru Tu-lul-ha

3 ON AN UNPUBLISHED CYLINDER OF ESARHADDON. 115 TRANSLATION. 1) To Iltar, the great lady, queen of heaven and earth, the heroine of the gods, the glorious one, 2) IJtar of Erech, the princess supreme, who receives the command of Anu- mutuf, 3) who the bond of laws makes fast, 4) the high and mighty one, who upon the king her worshipper, faithfully looks, 5) his reign prolongs, and bestows on him power and glory, 6) queen of the mansions of the most high gods, dwelling in Enirgalanna, 7) which (is) within Eanna, lady of Erech, the great lady, his lady, 8) Esarhaddon, the great king, the mighty king, king of the whole (world), king of Assyria, king of the four regions, governor of Babylon, king of Sumir and Akkad, 9) set up by the hands of Alur, offspring of the righteousness of the heart of Bel, the chosen of Marduk, worshipper of Irnini, 10) who from his youth up in ASur, Anum, Bel, Ea, Sin, Eamal, Rammin, Marduk, Nabi, Nergal and Ibtar, 11) the great gods, his lords, has trusted, and (in that) his grief they have caused to be put away from him has seen their power, 12) for the repose of the heart of their godhead, and the health of their soul, the shadow of their protection everlasting 13) they cast over him :-- 14) in the might of Alur-Bel, son of Bel, and Iktar, the gods his helpers, all lands he has taken possession of, and 15) all princes has subdued (under) his feet, 16) maker of the house of Alur, builder of Esagila and Babylon, restorer of Eanna, 17) who completed the shrines and the city, who instituted daily sacrifices, 18) the king in the days of whose reign the great lord Marduk to Babylon (his) favor granted, 19) (and) in Esagila his palace established his seat, 20) who Anum the great into his city Diirilu and his house Edimgalkalamrnma caused to enter, and 21) set him to dwell in an everlasting sanctuary, 22) (who) the gods of the countries, that to Assyria had hastened, their costly ornaments renewed, and from out of Assyria 23) to their own seats restored them, and fixed their revenues:- 24) the prince, wise, busy, cunning in all works such as (are) in great cities, 25) adornments made, ordained rites and ceremonies :--

4 116 HEBRAICA. 26) apil Sin-Qbi-ir-ba lar kiklati iar Alur apil arru-ukin Ear ABur 27) Makkanak Bibili har Bu-m&-ru u Akkadi 28) li-ib-li-pi da-ru-u ga Bal-ba-ni apil A-da-si har Alur 29) pir'u Alur Au-ku-ru-tim Marru-u-tu ki-slit-ti ia-a-ti 30) i-nu-ma E-in-na bit A-num-u-tu na-ram I~tar b4lit-ia sa Marru ma-hlar i-pu-au 31) la-ba-ria il-lik-ma i-ku-pu igarati-eu 32) al-ra-ti-au al-ti-'-4-ma nit-ta-hu as-sub ts-m&-4n-au-ba-tik-ma ki-ma si-ma-ti-eu 33) la-bi-ra-a-ti ina ai-pir (ilu) libittu ar-sip u-lak-lil ki-ma ladi-i ri-4-li- Au ul-li 34) Ibtar b4ltu Aur-bu-ti Mi-pir Eu-a-tu la-dii lip-pa-lis-ma a-mat damikti-ia lii-8a-kin hap-tul-4a 35) muh-hi kul-lat na-ki-ri li-lam-ri-ir kakki-ia 36) ma-ti-ma ina ah-rat im& rubi arku-u a inma imi pal-u li-pir Eua-tu 37) in-na-hu-ma hu-kit-ti i-ral-eu-u al-ra-ti-i~u lil-ti-'-4-ma nit-ta-iu lik-lir 38) mu-mar-u li-tir ~umi-ia lamnu lip-5u-ui nika lik-ki ina al-ri-iu lil-kun 39) ik-ri-bi-iu ilani i-lim-mu-u ur-rak ime u-rap-pa-ai kim-ti 40) ia mu-lar-u hi-tir humi-ia ina li-pir ni-kil-ti ib-ba-tu lu-u a-har-iu u-nak-ka-ru 41) I~tar baltu rabl-ti ag-gil lik-kil-mi-eu-ma humi-eu zir-eu ina nap-bar m~titi li-1al-lik

5 ON AN UNPUBLISHED CYLINDER OF ESARHADbON ) son of Sennacherib king of the whole (world), king of Assyria, the son of Sargon, king of Assyria, 27) governor of Babylon, king of Sumir and Akkad, 28) -descendant from of old of Belbani, son of Adasi, king of Assyria, 29) scion of A the city of Alur, the jewel of the kingdom my possession, am I. 30) When Eanna, the house of Anumutu, beloved of Ibtar my lady, which a former king built, 31) in age advanced, and its walls decayed, 32) its shrines I cared for, its ruins I removed, its foundation-stone I took up, and like its adornments 33) of old with the work of the Brick-god I built up, I completed; like a mountain its spires I raised. 34) May IJtar, the great lady, this work joyfully look upon, and a word of favor towards me be put in her lips! 35) Over all enemies may she make my weapons terrible! 36) In the future, in after days, may the later prince, in the days of whose reign this work 37) may decay, and the fabric be broken down, its shrines take care of, its ruins repair; 38) the tablet inscribed with my name with oil may he anoint, (and) the sacrifice of a lamb offer; in its place may he set (it)! 39) His prayers shall the gods hear; they shall lengthen his days, (and) multiply his kith and kin. 40) (But) he who the tablet inscribed with my name with (of) cunning work destroys, or its place alters, 41) may ITtar, the great lady, in anger look upon him, and his name, his seed in all lands destroy!

118 HEBRAICA. NOTES. 2) p a r a s A n um u t u must mean either the command of Anu, with whom Igtar was closely associated at Erech (see Sayce, Hiibbert Lectures, p.

4) For the meaning of rumti tizikarti see II R. 31,54, ru-um-tum= ka-bit-tum, and II R. 25, 50, MAH (= 6) SA-NUN-KAT with the explanation.sru)=ti-iz-ka-ru. garratum is found (obv.

6 118 HEBRAICA. NOTES. 2) p a r a s A n um u t u must mean either the command of Anu, with whom Igtar was closely associated at Erech (see Sayce, Hiibbert Lectures, p. 184), or, simply the heavenly command, just as in line 30 we have E a n n a, the house of heaven, explained by bit Anumutu. 3) For this phrase used in connection with Bel and litar see II IR. 57, 10. 4) For the meaning of rumti tizikarti see II R. 31,54, ru-um-tum= ka-bit-tum, and II R. 25, 50, MAH (= 6) SA-NUN-KAT with the explanation.sru)=ti-iz-ka-ru. garratum is found (obv., line 6) on an unpublished "bilingual" list (numbered , 327) in the British Museum, to which Mr. Pinches has directed my attention. 9) it it kun ibb i B 41. Cf. Nebuchadnezzar (Abel and Winckler, Keilschrifttexte, p. 33, Col. I. 17), ituti kin lib il1ni rabidti; and (I R. 52, 3; Col. I. 2) itit kin libbi Marduk. With regard to Irnini, Pinches (Babylonian and Oriental Record, I., p. 208) has shown that ir may represent an older ur or ura, and therefore, if Jensen's proposed identification of URA with Nergal in his character of " the bloodthirsty" or "the bloodhound "' (Kosmologie, p. 483) be accepted, I rnin i, that is the god Ir, might be explained as a name or title of Nergal. On the other hand, in the following fragment of an incantation, Irnini seems to be an epithet of Ibtar: Miptu Iitar lidit ilani rabfiti hakutunm uputum garittumr I~triti (?)... mupilatum Aurbutum Irnini bltum... ana iasi rusi banat u addi- rat... B4lat nili ilat zikkari... ~aninti nisi taliti Istar binat Anum nabnit ilini rabfiti [na]-dinat hattu kussu... 11) nissatsu uiak idu, literally, his weeping they caused him to subdue. 12) For a defence of the form kabittu as against the (literally) possible kaba t u, see Zimmern, Babylonische Busspsalmen, p ) As S ur- B 1. This composite god, formed out of the Assyrian Alur and the Babylonian Bl1, and to a certain extent, as it would seem, subordinated to the latter, is evidently the outcome of a policy of combining the Assyrian and Babylonian pantheons into one system, of which the center of gravity would lie more on the side of Babylon than on that of Assyria. And this would correspond in the religious sphere to the political subordination of Assyria to Babylon, which was undoubtedly contemplated by Esarhaddon, though he never lived to effect it. It is true, however, that we meet with Alur-B1l, as a component of a proper name, at a much earlier period, for in the new fragment of the Babylonian chronicle recently published by Mr. Pinches (Records of the Past, new series, Vol. V) mention is made of a Tukulti-Aiur-Bl1, who seems to have been a contemporary of Alurnasirpal.

ON AN UNPUBLISHED CYLINDER OF ESARHADDON. 119 20) Cf. K 3053 rev. 1. 42, where Esarhaddon is describing how he restored the gods to their temples: ilu rabi Marrat Dirilu Kadi (AN-SIR) bdlit balati.

7 ON AN UNPUBLISHED CYLINDER OF ESARHADDON ) Cf. K 3053 rev , where Esarhaddon is describing how he restored the gods to their temples: ilu rabi Marrat Dirilu Kadi (AN-SIR) bdlit balati... ana Dirilu 1inunu utir; also the Babylonian Chronicle, Col. III., 44 (where Kadi is written syllabically). 22) u k uttu. Both the meaning and the reading of this word are obscure. Su kutti ( u k u t t i?) b u r i are mentioned in the Nimrid inscription of Tiglath-pileser.s III., line 28, where Smith (Discoveries, p. 260) and after him Schrader (Keilinschriftliche Bibliothek, II., p. 16) translate by cups, drinking vessels, with evident reference to the root ak i; but this can hardly be the meaning of the word here. I prefer, with Delitzsch (Assyrian Grammar, O 49b.), to connect it with a k n u, as meaning, however,-not rubbish, stuff, but-the elaborate jeweler's or sculptor's work, which adorned the shrines or the images of the gods. 25) u 1 u bb u, originally handwashing, then, perhaps, rites and ceremonies in general. Cf. V R. 13, 1 and 2, k i s s a 11 u h bu, used of a class of priests whose business it was to anoint the temple floor (Latrille in Delitzsch's Beitraege, I., p. 291). ' ul ubbu occurs in line 10 of the Ripley Cylinder of Neriglissar in the phrase mu t iru ulul3i u n, for which Winckler (Keilschrifttexte, Woerter- Verzeichnis, p. 85) proposes the rendering der in Ordnung brachte ihre Ab- gaben (Einkuenfte), and further in a difficult passage of the same cylinder (Col. II., 1.17), ana ullulu Aulubbu zanana(ti?), which Bezold (Keilinschriftliche Bibliothek, III., p. 79) translates doubtfully by den Bau zu erhoehen. 28) B 1-bani son of Adasi. Cf. K 3053 obv , where Esarhaddon calls himself liblibbi harruti ha B41-ba[ni ] har Alur. This ancient king-more mythical perhaps than historical-is known to us only as the reputed founder of Sargon's line. It is not impossible that he may be the same as Bil- kapkapi, the former king from whom Rammin-nirfri III. claims descent (I R. 35, 3, 24); but see Tiele, Geschichte I., p ) The object of the verb a u h evidently occurs again in line 37, where the characters, though somewhat defaced, can still plainly be read as u - ta - u or n it - t a- u. I have read n i t ta u in both places, connecting the word with the root (fl.?) seen in an i' i, m u n i'i, forms which with the meaning pierce through, or shatter occur in Sennacherib, Taylor Cylinder, V. 66, i r a t - sun an i' ima, I pierced their breast, and Sargon, Nimriid Inscription, 1. 9, m un i 'i irat Kakmi, who pierced the breast of the Kakmi. nittu would thus mean that which has been shattered, broken away. It is possible that it may be connected-as hittu with hi tu - with the word nit u, which is used of besieging in the formula nitum almli, niti almi (Sennacherib, Taylor Cylinder, V. 13, and Bavian Inscription, 1. 44; cf. V R. 19, 21, nitum a lam ); but the meaning of which is obscure. Bezold, (1. c.) gives Cordon, Winckler, Belagerungswall. Prof. Robertson Smith suggests the comparison of "a ditch surrounding a tent," and Heb. 1" 0 fl)jv1 which must be interpreted to mean such

8 120 HEBRAICA. ditches disused and deserted. The word that follows t minu nu is diflficult to decipher, for the character which I have read ba has almost the form of gi, and the succeeding character is very doubtful. My reading is proposed with great hesitation. The fact, however-if it be a fact-that the old foundation-stone was taken up, would show how thoroughly Esarhaddon went about his work of renovation. 37) Aukittu is related to Iukuttu as butiktu to (the more usual) butuktu. ira~id, from ragalu (Heb. tit# ) to break, parallel in pointof form to izannu from zananu (Neriglassar, I. 27). 39) urrak im4, etc. Cf. V R. 34, Col. III., 43, 44, where the goddess is directly addressed in the second person, uriki mua...balatamn kuti, where Winckler (KB., III., p. 44) reads balatam [dam ]-kuti, ein gnadenreiches Leben, with a note to the effect that d am has been left out by the scribe.

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A HYMN TO ISEITAR, K TRANSLITERATION

A HYMN TO ISEITAR, K TRANSLITERATION 15.... -du-us... su-pa -id-di-id tax na -sal-li-ma sik si-mat... ta-at-ta-as-si pa-na-a ta-at-ta-sir ilu-ti us-sir bi-el be-el ina sub-ta-sa sarrani bit sarrani la pl li-e a-na A HYMN TO ISEITAR, K. 1286