SENlITIC LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES

Transcription

1 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SENlITIC LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES (CONTINUING " HEBRAICA") VOLUME 2EVII APRIL, 1901 NU1KBER 3 A HYMN TO SAMAS. BY (:LIFTON DAG8ETT GRAY, The IJniversity of Chicago. This hymn to Samas was published by R. E. BrAnnow in ZA., Vol. IX, Nos. 1 and 2, who had before him the following fragments : E E.3312, E.3187, E.3474, E.3660, E. 8232, E.8233, and E As a result of his work several joins were afterward made, and other fragments were discovered, viz.: E.5459, E.9356, E.10587,S.311,S.372, and S While working on the Samas tests this last summer in the British Museum, I discovered five new fragments belonging to E.3182, viz.: E.5121, E.6823, E.13430, E.13794, and S. 1398; and also another duplicate, , 472. From a careful study of the formation and style of writing of E.3650, E.9356, and , 472, the following facts seem to be assured. E.3650 and E.3474 belong to the same tablet, the former being its upper portion and the latter its lower portion, the fragment connecting the two having not yet been found. E.9356is undoubtedly a part of the obverse of E.3182, but on account of its thinness no join could be made. S. 1033is a part of the same tablet as ,472. There are, then, three copies of this hymn in the British Museum: A. S S E E F K K R }[ _LK E S S K B. K K S.372. ie.36s0. C. S ,

2 130 uebraica All of these texts, together with the other hymns and incantations to Samas as given by Dr. Bezold in his Catalogue, will be published later in book form. I have, therefore, in this article given the text of only one of the copies of this hymn, K. 3182, and also the transliteration and translation of the reconstructed text. The notes are confined almost entirely to the variants and to places where I have been obliged to difer from Brtinnonvs readings. The following table will give the correspondences between the reconstructed text and the duplicates: A. K. 3182, obv., col.; = col. i, 1-16, " " " ii = ' ii, 12-29, " rev., " iii = ' iii, 1-53 " " " iv = " iv, 1-20, 2>34, and colophon R = " ii, B. K. 3474, obv., col. i = col. i 17-56; col. ii, 1, 2 " " " ii = " ii, " rev., " iii = " iii, 2>38 " " " iv= " iv, K. 3650, obv., i i, 1-9 " 4' " ii = " ii, 3-14 " rev., " iii = " iii, 47-56; col. iv, 1, 2 " " " iv = " iv, colophon (ends oftwolines) C. S. 1033, obv., col. i = col. i, " " " ii - " ii, >1-18,472, " " ii = " ii, 52-56; col. iii, 1-7 " rev., " iii = " iii, This hymn to Samas is of peculiar interest to students of Babylonian and Assyrian religion for two reasons. In the first place, there is the entire absence of any reference to incantation. All the other so-called hymns and prayers of gamas are more or less closely connected with this lower form of religious development. This fact has been noticed by Jastrow in his Religion of Bs4bylonia and Assyria, p. 302, but he apparently overlooks the existence of this hymn, which is one of the best examples of a pure hymn to be found in all the literature. Secondly, it is of itlterest because of its ethical characteristics. It is to be regretted that the tablet is broken where the dealing

3 A HYMN TO SAMAB 131 with false weights and measures is spoken of. Enough, however, remains to remind us of the priestly regulations concerning this in the Old Testament. Worthy of note also are the classes of people who pray to Samas. lie is the friend of the weak, the outcast, the wanderer, and those in humble positions in life like the hunter, the fisherman, and the cattle-herder. The robber and the thief, however, are his enemies. Though the murderer and the destroyer pray to him, he will not hearken to their petitions. We ought to note finally the condemnation of some of the more common oriental sins, such as dishonest dealing by false weights, the removal of boundaries (col. ii, 40), and a corrupt judiciary. In col. ii, 32, there is a probable reference to adultery, and in col. iii, I, a reference either to unjust tasation or to e2rorbitant rates of interest, both characteristic of the ancient Semitic race. On the other hand, certain ones are well-pleasing to tamas. In col. ii, 43, it is the incorruptible judge who has regard for the weak. In col. ii, 49, the commendation is given apparently to one who has good business ability, while col. iii, 6, refers probably to agricultural industry, though tllis last is somewhat uncertain on account of the broken line. I take this opportunity to add a word concerning the poetical structure of the hymn. Throughouthe hymn is found a parallelism which is strikingly similar to the parallelism of Hebrew poetry, and which corresponds in general to the paragraphs, e2rcept in one or two places in col. iii. Cbf., for e2rample, col. i, 37, 38, 45, 46; col. ii, 4l, 42. (ases of chiasm are not infrequent, viz.: col. i, 2l, 50; col. iii, 7, 8, 17. A play upon words is found in col. ii, 47, 48, kaspa and ustakazzab. With regard to the translation as a whole, while the general trend of thought is plain, yet in the case of many single lines, owing to lack of conte2rt, the translation is merely tentative. I take this opportunity to acknowledge my obligations to Dr. E. Wallis Budge, the :Keeper of the Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities, British Museum, and to Mr. Leonard W. King and Mr. R. Campbell Thompson, assistants in the department, for their courtesy, and for the great assistance which they af3orded me during my stay in London. I am indebted to my instructor, Professor Robert Francis Harper, for many valuable suggestions about te2rt and translation. For the results as presented, however, I am solely responsible.

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6 mus-na-mir mu-sab-li-i[k ina ana(e) kib-rat su-pal-ki mi-lam-mu-ka a-na i-ris-st-ka mus-na-m[ir [ kul-lat na-mir-ti. ta-mar-ti-ka bur-sa-a-ni ir-bit-ti [ pi-tu-ul -pu iligigi ba-a-bi urra-ka is-te-ni-'-u gi-mir... ik-li-ti ki-ma nindab6xt-su-nu gas-ru-ti.. ki-bi-is-si-[ ib-du-[u ka-lis.[ isati mus-t[a(?)- e-[ [ [ su-us-kal-[li ilsamas [...,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.. sa-ru-ru-ka.. bi-[.. e-lis -ma(?) sa-ma-mi iligig u -al-ki sap-lis tam-di,,, 134 HEBRAICA RECONSTRUCTED TEXT. TRANSLITERATION. COLUMN I. 3, il Samas mus-na-m[ir sa-ma-mi 4. mu-sab-li-i,k li[-... e-lis u sap-lis 9. pu-uz-ru sat-tak-ku st-bu-zu [... -ka 15. il Samas ana a-si-ka kit-mu-sa [ mu-sab-mit zik-kur ur-ri me-ris se-im na-rla(?) sa-di-i gas-ru-ti e-ri-ma sa-lum-mat-ka 20. nam-ri-ru-ka2 im-lu-u si-bri-ip matate 21. kat-ra-ta ana bur-sa-a-ni ir-si-ta3 ta-bar-ri 22. kip-pat matate ina ki-rib sami-e sa,k-la-a-ta 23. nisg pl matate kul-lat-si-na ta-pa,k-kid 24. sa il :t-a sarru mal-ku us-tab-nu-u ka-lis pak-da-ta4 2o. su-ut na-pis-ti sak-na mit-ha-ris te5-ri-' 26. at-ta-ma na-,kid-si-na sa e-lis u6 sap-lis 27. te-te-ni-ti-i,k gi-na-a sa7-ma-mi 28. [a-na(?)8 um-tul9-ta ir-si-tu ta-ba-' t-mil -sam 29, milu(?)ll tamtim bur-sa-a-ni ir-si-talla sal2-ma-mi 30. ki-i kar(?)l3-[..-si gi-na-a ta-ba-' t-mil4-sam 31. sap-la-a-ti [sa il EN(t)-KI ilazag-gid ila-nun-na-ki t a -pa,k-,kid 32. e-la-a-ti sa da-ad-me ka-li-si-na tus-te-sir 33. ri-'-u sap-la-a-ti na-,ki-du e-la-a-ti 34. mus-te-sir nu-ur kis-sa-ti il Samas at-ta-ma I S. 1033, u. 5 K. 3474, S. 1033, t a. 11 A.1iAL (?). 2 S. 1033, n a m - r i - i r - r u , S. 1033, u. Ila K. 3182, t i m. k a , S. 1033, s a. 12 S. 1033, s 6. 3 K.3182, tim. 8S. 1033, ana(?). 13 Orpossibly sa, butnot 4 K. 3474, S. 1033, ta; K. 9Br. wrongly ki. ir as Br. 3182, k a. 10 E. 3474, S. 1033, m e. 14 K. 3474, m e.

7 As In [. Who The Thy Like To for O the. bringest all ibamas, four. the splendoreaches brightness a. the whole.[ regions mighty Igigi,... destruction.. their of [ thou. like thy... mountains free-will. lightheir upon. fire who [ regularly Samas [ oserings [. makest.[ walk.... [. thou [. of. to.. traversest the shine Igigi [ day. shout. by day. the joyfully * above l heavens, the and below. sea. to,. A EYMN T0 SAMAC 135 RECONSTRUCTED TEXT. TRANSLATION. COLUMN I. 1. O thou who makest to shine [... the heavens, 4. Who bringest destruction upon [... above and below. 5. Casting down(?) like a drag-net [ thy brilliance, 7. At thy appearance rejoice the L****LLLLLL***** thee. 9. A perpetual mystery is the teaching of thy [..., 13. Wide open is the gate of all [ , 15. O $;amas, at thy rising are bowed down the [..., 17. Thou who makest to shine, who openest the darkness, who [..., 18. Who makest to quiver the (?) f light, the planting of corn [ The mighty mountains are pregnant with thy glory, 20. Thy brilliancy fills and overwhelms the countries. 21. Thou approachesthe mountains, thou gazest upon the earth, 22. At the ends of the earth, in the midst of the heavens thou art suspended. 23. The people of the countries, all of them, thou protectest, 24. What Ea, the king, the prince, has created, of all that thou art protector. 25. Thou shepherdest all created life together, 26. Thou art leader of the things above and below. 27. Thou marchest across the heavens regularly, 28. To (?) the earth thou comest day by day. 29. The flood, the sea, the mountains, the earth, the heavens, 31. The things below, belonging to Ea(?), Azaggid, and the Anunnaki, thou protectest, 32. The things above, belonging to the inhabited world, all of them thou directest. 33. Shepherd of what is below, leader of what is above, 34. Director of the light of the world art thou, O Samas.

8 54. rapas-tum [ st-pu-u ina [. i-ri-ib-hi -e(?)-ni. sa-di-il-ta. di-in is-me29 zik-ru-ka 34nun-zi-e ki-na-a-ti sa-i-li u Firstsignis za-ma-ni-e ul pa-si-ri sa-ma tu-sa-as-kan in-nin-nu-u ilsamas an, tu-sa-pi not suttb sit-ta tu. di-in-st-un mi pl tak-bu-u pa-na Aaile kap-pa ul pa-se-ru [ [ 136 HEBRAICA 35. te-te-ni-bir tam-timl5 rap-sa-ti sa-dil-ta 36. [sa(?) il Igigi la i-du-d ki-rib lib'6-bi-sa 37. [il Samas(?) bir-bir-ru-ka il7-na apstl8 t-ri-du 38. [gab-st-ut tamtim i-na-at-ta-lu nu-tr-ka 39. [ilcamas(?) ki-ma ki-e ka-sa-ta ki-ma im-ba-ri [..-ku-ta 40. [...-st salala-ka sa-hi-ip matate 41. [ul ta-sd-us t-me-sam-ma lal9 i-ad-da-ru pa-na-ka 4:2. [.. ta-bar-ri i-na20 mu-si-im-ma tu-sab-mit [ [i-na sid-di sa la i-di ni-su-ti u2l bi-ri la ma-nu-[ti 44. il Samas22 dal-pa-ta sa ur-ra tal-li-ka u mu-sa takit(?)-[ ** 45. ul i-ba-as-si ina gi-mir il Igigi sa st-nu-bu ba-li-ka 46. ina ilanixt naphar23 kis-sa-ti sa sd-tu-ru ki-ma ka-a-ta 47. si-tuk-ka ip-bu-ru ilani pl matate2 48. na-mur-rat-ka iz-zi-ti ma-a-tum sab-pat 49. [s nap-har matate P125 st-ut st-un-na-a li-sa-nu 50. [ti-i-di kip-di-si-na ki-bi-is-si-na na-at.-la-ta [... -nik-ka kul-lat-si-na te-ni-se-e-ti 52. [il ibamas a-na ntri-ka su-um-mu-rat27 mit-har-tum 53. [ina(?) ma-kal-ti ambl barati(ti)28 a-na ri-kis isgrini 55. [. sa rik-sa-a-ti kit-mu-su30 ma-4ar-ka 56. [. -ri-ka kit-mu-su rag-gu u31 ki-na COljlJZlN II. 1. [. -ra-du ina apsi ba-li-ka 3. a-bi(?)-[ 5. tu-tar-ra zal-pa sa la mu-sam-[ 6. tu-sil-li A.gU32.BUR. sa di-na-ti is-bu-ta [ 9. te-im-mi-id a-na al-la-ki sa sup-sd-kat t-ru[- ub-su 10. a-na e-bir tamtim a-dir a-gi-e ta-nam-din [ 11. har-ra-na-a-ti sa la am-ra sa-'-i-da ta-[ 12. [.. -li-i USPt-di ma-hi-ru sa il [Sam(?)-si 13. [. -mas ki-si33 ina e-di-e tu-se-zib 15 K. 3474, t a - m a - t u m 22 Br. wrongly t u - p a r-r i, 291i. 3474, [.. m u i 16Br.wronglY sub. 23K,3474, nap-tar. sutt89 30K.3474, sa. 17 Br. wrongly a-na. 24, 3474, ma-a-ti. 31 K. 3474, u ki-e-nim. 18 Jji. 3474, i n a a p - 8 i - i. 25 K. 3474, m t t e. 32 Br. wrongly t i. Another lg K.3474, ul '-da-ru. 26K.3474, na-a,t-la-a-ta. readingmaybe AN. IJ. So E 3474, in a , 8 u - mu - r a t 33 K. 3182, TA 1i. (= kf su) 21K. 3t82, h ana kas- mit-har-ti. i-na. be [... ba-ru-ti. 34 K. 3650, nun-za-a. 281i 3474,

9 [ t [ of thy. thee, shadow.(?) (?). [ magician, rival(?) thou into overwhelming from mankind, the establishest the deep of. the all countries. flood Samas(?). without interpreter of them, thou, thee, (?) wilt of A IIYMN TO tamab Thou passest over the wide, broad sea, 36. The very depth of which the Igigi know not. 37. [O $;amas, thy dazzling light penetrates the deep, -38. Thy light looks to and fro upon the swarming life of the sea. 39. [O Aamas, like a garment thou art covered, like a storm thou art [ X 41. Thou art [not troubled daily, nor is thy face darkened, 42. [.. thou lookest into the night, thou makest to glow [ In regions unknown and distant, and places (?) without number, Samas, thou art distressed when thy light fails, and the night [. ***** 45. Among all the Igigi there is not one who gives rest besides thee, 46. Nor among the gods of all the regions one who excels like thee. 47. At thy rising the gods of the countries assemble, 48. Thy terrible brilliancy overwhelms the land. 49. As for those that speak with the tongue in all countries, 50. Thou knowest their plans, their walk thou observest. 52. [O Samasl, upon thy light they think in harmony. 53. [In the divining cup34^ of the seer, at the preparation of the cedar, dreams, 55. [ al of the preparations bow down before thee, 56. [In thy presence the evil and the just bow down. COLUMN II. 2. [.... and the wicked, thou bringest to light their judgment. 4. [(Cf. transliteration) Thou makest the evil-doer to quake who does not Thou (?), who wrests(?) judgments By the righteous judgment, O Samas, which thou proclaimest Excellent is thy renown, unchangeable (?) Thou standest by the traveler whose way is steep, 10. To the seaiarer who fears the flood thou givest [courage(?). 11. Paths that have not seen a hunter thou [ , save, 34a Cf. Zimmern, Bextra,ge xur Kenebtnis der babylonxechen Religion. Dritte LiefetunB

10 K,3474, mus-te-nu- mim-ma sa-bit us-ta-kaz-za-ab sum-su ki-ni i8. aban ina. BAR ME.SU.46 ma-'-di 42K,3474, e-pis sa-bit si-[ e-ri-e.... i8 a-na zi-ba-ni-ti ki-i-si ni-me-li-im-ma ga(?)?[... ma-'-da A-[ [. [... [ ***** * * ad-ki sa-as-su -sap-pal [ w * * * * w * * * * * w * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *.. * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 138 w t sebraica 15. [ [... 17, sa i-na bu-kurt btti(?)-ka sa ina btt t i3a ilu-i3u it-ti-i3u [ i-na a-ma-ri te-[ri(?) te-mid a-na amol [ ta-par-ra-as ar tu-ub-bal [ i-na m3"t la taiarti [ ilat Ii3tarAtext i3ab-sa-[a-te 26. si-ra-ta ma ul si(?)[ il Samai3 i-na i3fi-us-kal-li -[ka 28. i-na36 gii3-par-ri-ka la-[ se37 a-na ma-mi-ti [ a-na la a-dir sa-[ tar-sa-at i3e-it-ka rap-[ i3a a-na al-ti tap-pi-su ii.. -bi ma-ba-zi tu-kal-lam.. i-du-d tu-kal-lam sal-la s-st -[. 33. i-na t-um la si-ma-ti38 u-- -sa- [ * * fi * w 34. kun-na-ai3-su39 kip-pu zi-r ru-t [. * * 35. is-sir-su i8 kakku-ka ma mu-se-zi-bu ul [ ina di-ni-st40 ul i-za-az-za abi[-st(?) 37. ina pt da-a4l-a-ni ul ip-pa-lu st-nu at6xi*-su 38. ina hu-ha-ri sa Bri-e42 sa-hi-ip ul i-di 39. sa ka-sir an-zil-li kar-na-su tu-bal-la 40. e-pis sid-di ka-pi-du e-ni kak-kar-st 41. da-a-a-na zal-pa mi-si-ra tu-kal-lam 42. ma-hir da-'-ti la mu ;-te-se-ru tu-sa-az-bal ar-na 43. la ma-hir da-'-ti sa-bi-ta a-bu-ti en-se 44. ta-a-bi Bli ilgamas balata ut-tar 45. da-a-a-an42^ mus-ta-lum sa di-in me-sa-ri i-di-nu 46. d-gam-mar Bkalla su-bat ruba pl mu-sab-su 47. na-din kas-pa43 a-na sid-di bab-bi-lu mi-na-a ut-tar 48. us-ta-kaz-za-ab44 a-na ni-me-li ma u-hal-lak kisa 49. na-din kas-pa a-na sid-di rakati pl- mu-tir I sikla a-na se-[lal-ti(?) 50. ta-a-bi oli il Samas balata ut-tar 51. sa-bit i.8 zi-b[a-ni-ti... -lul-ti * * * * * * fi * * fi t * w * * * * * * * * * w * * * * * * * * * 34 Not h u r, as Br. 41 K. 3474, D I. T A R , 472,...? a n 37K. 3474, sa. 42^K. 3474, na , has end of 38 K. 9356, i -m a- ku. 43 K. 3474, k a s p a. sign like e. Perhaps two 39 K. 3474, Au. 44 K. 3474, zab. signs are missirlg. 40 K. 3474, u.

11 Who Whatever He lie [ among who In On [(Cf. the who With handles(?) the his first-born thou name, unpropitious land transliteration) of the makest much [ thy. scales the... of the measure(?), [ No-Return net captive day [ to who... see. [..[.. does.....[...,., [...? L A i1ymn TO SAMAB [..... thou makest the city to see, 18. As for thy house, which in the house [ lie whose god is with him [ , 20. In the observation of [ Thou standest by the r , 22. Thou decidest [ ***** ** **** ******** l 23. Thou bringest t , 25. The angry goddesses [ , 26. Lofty (?) [ O Samas, with [thy drag-net [ , 29. Who against the oath [.., 30. To him who fears not [ Thy broad snare is spread over [.., 32. As for him who to his neighbor's wife [ Thy weapon diminishes(?) him, there is no deliverer, 36. liis father(?) does not stand up for his cause. 37. At the command of the judge they answer not-they are his brothers; 38. With a trap of bronze an overthrower he does not know. 39. As for him who gives protection to wickedness, his horn thou wilt destroy, 40. Even the fixer of boundaries, who schemes to oppress his land. 41. The wicked judge thou makest to behold bondage, 42. liim who receives a bribe, who does not guide aright, thou makest to bear sin. 43. lie who receives not a bribe, who has regard for the weak, 44. Shall be well-pleasing to Samas, he shall prolong his life. 45. The judge, the arbiter, who gives righteous judgment, 46. Shall complete a palace, a princely abode, for his dwelling-place. 47. lie who gives money for a boundary, the worthless fellow, what does he profit? 48. lie brings about deception for gain, and changes weights. 49. He who gives money for distant boundaries and gains in return one shekel for three (?), bo. He shall be well-pleasing to Samas, he shall prolong his life. 52. He who alters the weights [HHHHHHHHHHHH1 53. lie brings about deception for gain and [ ; 54. But he who handles the scales honestly, much [

12 t [ ul sa a-na -par65-ri at(?)-[. #-ni-su tak-li na-din * * sar-[ v i-na se-im. st-ut... i-na ina t im-bu-[ru. bi-ri-i sa-al t. te-se-e... il gamas uz-[ na-ki-du -a-ti i-ras-si49... mu-sad-din -sab51 ina il t-sat-tar ambl Samas bil-ta at-ra nakri dum-ku [, 140 HEBRAICA COLUMN III. [ ar48-rat nis6xt i-kas-sad-su 4. [... ul i-be-el apal50-su 5. a-na L... g ul ir-ru-bu st-nu a44xt 6. -su 7. [ta-a-bi Bli il Samas balata ut-tar 8. d-[rap-pa-as kim-ta mes-ra-a i-ra-as-si 9. ki-ma mb pl nak-bi da-ri-i zir da-[... 1Q. a-na e-pis t-sa-at dum-ki la mu-du-t [... mus-tin-nu-d sap-la-a-ti ina mas-ta-ri sa-[... st-ut lum-nu i-pu-su zir-su-nu ul [ st-ut ul-la pi-i-su-nu sa-kin ina ma4-ri-ka [...-sa4-mat si-it pi-i52-su-nu ta-pa-as-sar at-ta ta-sim-me te53-bir-si-na-ti sa rug-gu-gu tu-mas-si el-ln-su ma-na-ma ma-am-ma55 pu-uk-ku-du ka-tuk-ka tus-te-es-sir56 te-rit-si-na sa suk-su-ra57 ta-pat-tar ta-,sim-me il Aamas su-up-pa-a58 su-la-a u ka-ra-bi st-kin-na kit-mu-su lit-4u-st59 u60 la-ban ap-pi a-na 4ar-ri pi-i-su6l dun-na-mu-t i-sa-as-si-ka t-la-lu en-su 4u-ub-bu-lu mus-ki-nu um-mi sal-la mas-ta-ra62 gi-na-a i-ma4-4ar-ka sa ru-kat kim-ta-su ni-su-d alu63-fi-su [ina(e) st-ru-bat sbri ri-'-fi64 i-ma4-4ar-ka [il Camas i-mab-bar-ka a-lak-tu i-ti-ku pu-lu4-ti [ -4i al-la-ka amol samalla66 na-as kisi [il Aamas(?) i-mab-bar-ka ba'ir ka-tim-ti sa-a-a-du67 ma-hi-su mu-tir-ru bali ina bu-un zir-ri amol madu i-mab-4ar-ka mut-tab-li-lu sar-ra-ku mu-sal-lu-d sa il Aam-si [ina su-li-e sori mut-tag-gi-su i-mab-4ar-ka mi-i-tum68 har-bi-du e-kim-mu hal-ku amas im-bu-ru-ka [ S1-18, 472, e ,472, r , 472, i- r a - a - i belta , 472, a - p a l - d. 51 Pogsibly pi; , 472, pa-an. 528Sl-18, 472, pi-au-nu. 53 8S1-18, 472, t a. 548S1-18,472, tu-ma - a di-en-ai-[na , 472 inserts u before m a - a m -m a. 56 8>1-18, 472, - s s r t e - r i - te-si-na ,472, ru , 472, s u-u p-p u-u s u - u l -l u -u k a - r a - bu , s^ >1-18, 472, om l8,472, 8U , ri ,472. a-lu-au , h. 65 Br. wrongly [t u - u - Aur-Au. 66 gakan.lal. 67 K. 3474, da(?). The first sign is probably s. a, and not a. 68 K. 3474, amol BAD.

13 He t O [. Into who [. ibamas,. searches... who. To[ a. they plants [ into.... have the. grain... things. prayed he. below will O (t) t to Aamas,... his (?) thee [ who be... brothers [ [ subject(?) levies O amas,[ will excessively, bring totlibute, not about enter, great.,. A 153 YMN TO SAMAb 141 COLEMN III. 2. t the curse of men will reach him. 4. L * he will not have control over his son; good. 7. He shall be well-pleasing to Aamas, he shall prolong his life, 8. He shall increase his family, wealth shall he possess. 9. Like the waters of a perennial spling (his) seed [ , 10. In rendering gracious help he knows not [ As for those who do evil, their seed shall not [ As for the boasting of their mouths, made in thy presence, 14. Thou shalt cause it to burn, that which issues from their mouths thou wilt interpret. 15. Thou hearest their transgressions, as for him who has done evil thou forgettest his judgment, 16. Everyone, whosoever it may be, is subject to thy hand. 17. Thou guidest their omens, those that are bound thou loosest, 18. Thou hearest, O ibamas, supplication, petition, and prayer, 19. Homage, kneeling, whispering, and prostration; 20. From the depth of his mouth the weak one cries out to thee. 21. The frail, the feeble, the wronged, the humble, 22. The woman in bondage (?) without ceasing prays to thee. 23. He whose kin are distant, whose city is far away, 24. [In the shower of the field the shepherd prays to thee. 25. [... (?) in disaster, the shepherd among enemies, 26. O ibamas, he who goes his way in fear, prays to thee. 27. [.. the traveler, the tradesman, he who caxties the weights, 28. L gamas(?), the hunter svith the net prays to thee. 29. The hunter(?), the cattle-man, the tender of herds, 30. In the (?) the wise man prays to thee. 31. The robber, the thief, is an enemy of Aamas; 32. Ele who is overpowered [in the road by the field prays to thee. 33. The dead man, the (?), the robber, the destroyer, 35. Thou dost not refuse those who have prayed to [thee......

14 56. sa kima irpatipts la i-sa-a pa-na u [ 14. [... -gal is 13ikkUr82 sami-e... mus-pal83-ku-1i iebraiga 38. [.. ka is [... kit (?) [ [.. te-rit69-si-na ina ni(?)-[... -i as-ba-[ a-na sarg irba ar-kat-si-na ta-par-ra-as 41. kal si-hi-ip da-ed-me uz-ni-si-na tus-pat-ti 42. ma-la kap-pa ni-ti-il fni [... ul im-su-u sa-ma-mu 43. ma-la ma-kal-ti matate pls ba-ru-fi-ti ul im-sa-a gi-mir-si-na 44. i-na Am nis-se ri-sa-ta il-la-ta u hi-da-a-ti 45. tak-kal ta-sat-ti ka-a-ri el-la ku-ru-un-si-na si-kar si-bi -'-i 46. i-nak-ka-nik-ka si-kar sa-bi-' ta-mat-har 47. sa-la-mu (lim)-na-a-ti7l [...-nu a-gu-u72 tu-se-zib at - ta 48. el-lu-fi-tum73 ib-bu-fi-ti sir-ki-si-na tam-tab-har 49. ta-sat-ti mi-zi-'-si-na kurun74-na 50. su-um-mi-rat ik-pu-du tu-sak-sad at-ta 51. sa-ut ik-kan75-sa el-lit-si-na ta-pat-tar 52. sa-ut ik-tar-ra-ba ik-ri-bi-si-na tam-tab76-har 53. si-na ma pal-4a-ka us-tam-ma-ra zik-ri77-ka 54. tar-ba-ti-ka i-dal-lal a-na da-r[i-is(?) 55. sak-la-a-ti sa li-sa-na da-bi-bu sa-[... COLUlEN IV. l. st-ut i-ba-' irs. i-tim78 ra-pa-as-ti 2. su-ut A-kab-bi-su sada pl79 e-lu-fi-ti 3. il.lub-mu st-[...-ba sa ma-lu-d pu-lub-ta 4. e-ri-ib tamtim sa apsi i-ba-'-u 5. mi-hir-ti nari sa ir-te-du-a il Samas ina mab^-ri-ka 6. a-a-fi-tu bur-sa-a-nu sa la lit-bu-sa sa-ru-ru-ka 7. a-a-ta kib-ra-a-tum sa la is-tab-ha-nu na-mir-ta urri-ka 8. mus-par-du-d e-tu-tum mus-na-mir uk-li 9. pi-tu-a ik-li-ti mus-na-mir irsi-tim rapas-tim 10. mu-sab-lu-d t-mu mu-se-rid an-kul-lu ana irsi-tim kab-lu t-me. mu-sa-mit ki-ma nab-li irsi-tim ra-pa-as-tum 2. [mu-kar-ru-li fi-me mu-ur-ri-ku m LsO p@ [... ku-8u tal-pa-a sti-ri-pa8l sal-gi da-lat85 da-sid-me 69Nottoberead lak, asbr. 74K. 3650, ku-ru-un-nu. 80K. 3474, mu-[ e. 70Br. wrongly IM.DU. 75K.365O, kam. 8sK.3474, pu. BA, mazaltu. 71 K. 3650, lim-na -ti. 76K.3650, ta. 77 K. 3650, z i-kir-ka. 82K.3474, sik-kur. 83 Br. wrongly ti. 72 K. 3650, u. 78 B. 3650, ir-s i-ti r a p a A- 84 K. 3474, u. 73 K. 365D, e l l a t i } i b - [t i. 85 Br. wrongly reade as a bu-ti si-ir-ki-au-nu read 79K. 3650, FadiSZ -e el- dividing sign. tam-ta-[bar. lu-[til

15 [.. their ThY[ omens [.. the bolt of the heavens, who openest wide the in [ they sat(?) r......, A HYMN TO SAMAC To the four winds thou wilt scatter their hinder parts. 41. As for all who overthrow human habitations, thou wilt open their ears, 42. [(Cy. transliteration) they shall not reach the heavens. 43. Though the communications of the seers be many, they shall not reach any of the countries. 44. In a day of making(?) merriment, joy and rejoicings, 45. Thou wilt eat, and drink their sparkling wine a draught of sesame(?) wine from the cask 46. They will pour out for thee, a draught of sesame wine thou wilt accept; 47. [(Cf. transliteration) thou savest, 48. Their sparkling and bright drink-oserings thou wilt accept; 49. Thou wilt drink their light wine and their wine, 50. The plans which they have in mind thou wilt prosper. 51. As for those who are bowed down thou wilt loose their bands; 52. As for those who do homage thou wilt receive their prayer. 53. Thy renown shall preserve those who fear thee, 54. He shall worship thy greatness forever(?). 55. The destructive things which he plans with the tongue [......, 56. Which like clouds have no face nor L COLUMN IV. 1. As for him who comes to the broad earth, 2. Who treads the lofty mountains, 3. The god Lubmu [......, he who is full of terror, 4. Who enters the sea, who penetrates the depths, 5. Who travels along the river, 0 Samas, in thy presence. 6. What mountains have not been clothed with thy radiance? 7. What regions have not sparkled with the brilliancy of thy light? 8. Thou who makest the darkness to shine, who makest bright the deep darkness, 9. Who uncoverest the gloom, who makest the broad earth bright, 10. Who makest the daylight, who bringest down the (?) to the earth in the midst of day, 11. Who makest the broad earth quiver like a sea of flame 12. Who shortenest the days, who lengthenest the nights, 13. [ cold, frost, sleet, snow, doors of the inhabited earth.

16 [ [ r L.. [ [ ku-us-si-i sal-la.. sa parakki(?)-ka -ra na(?) -na bi-lat-su-nu -ku sami-e ina94 li [ i8. in-nin-nu-u burasi-e93 [ e-nu lit95-te-di-is u [@ lis-st-ka u bi-sib irsi-tim... ru-bu-u ki-bit.@.... matate mu-fi-ti @. 144 HEBRAICA 15 [.. i.8 uppu86 i.8 sikkatu i.8 namzaku i.8 astartu 16. [.. la ba-ne87 pa-ni sa-ri-ku88 ba-1688^-ti 18. [.. te-me mit-lu-ku si-tul90-ti9l mil-[ku 19. [.. -pa-ri se-ri-e-ti ana92 nisb pls rap[sati P@ 25. [.. nam-ru sa-bat ta-si-la-ti-ka 26. [.. -pi nap-tan kib-ra-a-ti 32. [.. -tum ina bit maiali 33. lik-bi-ka 86 s. 347s, vlp-pi sik 88^ K. 3474, la s, [i-n a ni-ki-e ka-ta nam-za-ki a. 89E.3474, ta-bal. bi-sib ma-ta-a-ti. tar-ta. 90Br.wrongly li. 95X.3474, li-te-di-ia 87 Br. wrongly A. 6 - p i l. 91 S. 3474, t a. 88Thi8 i8 not gib, as Br., s, a-na. but Jc g p a l(t) e A. a r(t) [ 1l ,

17 S t [. [... [..... the. dark in.... morning, bnlliant,. key, their dissolution,. of. countenance,. the feast. tribute to seats lock, the of the numerous house in cypress of may. the bar, the lord of giver (?)[ midst the peoples, thy bnng and... regions, fastening, of pleasures, prince, of to life. death, thee. A EYMN TO SAMAB [... who pays heed to counsel, who considers advice. 29. [.. in sacrifices, the wealth of the lands 30. [ thy shrine (?) may he renew. 31. [... the command of whose mouth cannot become soid, 32. [ in the bed-chamber 33. May he speak to thee. 34. [ heaven and earth. [The colophon follows.