Mishnah Pesahim, Chapter Ten Based on the Kaufman manuscript:

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1 Mishnah Pesahim, Chapter Ten Based on the Kaufman manuscript: Mishnah One On the eve of Pesahim close to minhah one may not eat until nightfall. Even the poorest person in Israel must not eat [on the night of Pesah] until he reclines. And they should give him not less than four cups [of wine], and even from the charity plate. Mishnah Two They mixed him the first cup: Bet Shammai say: first he blesses over the day and then over the wine. Bet Hillel say: first he blesses over the wine and then over the day. Mishnah Three They bring [it] in front of him. He dips lettuce before until he reaches the appetizer that precedes the bread. They bring before him matzah, lettuce, and haroset (and two dishes) though the haroset is not mandatory. Rabbi Elazar son of Rabbi Zadok says: it is mandatory. And in the Temple they bring the body of the pesah before him. משנה א ערב פסחים סמוך למנחה לא יאכל אדם עד שתחשך. אפילו עני שבישראל לא יאכל עד שיסב. לא יפחתו לו מארבע כוסות של יין אפילו מן התמחוי: משנה ב מזגו לו כוס ראשון בית שמיי אומרים מברך על היום ואחר כך מברך על היין ובית הלל אומרים מברך על היין ואחר כך מברך על היום: משנה ג הביאו לפניו מטבל בחזרת עד שהוא מגיע לפרפרת הפת. הביאו לפניו מצה וחזרת וחרוסת אף על פי שאין חרוסת מצוה. רבי לעזר בר צדוק אומר מצוה. ובמקדש מביאים ]לפניו[ גופו של פסח: Mishnah Four They mixed him a second cup, and here the son asks his father. If the son lacks the intelligence to ask, his father instructs him: How different this night is from all other nights! On all other nights we dip even once, on this night we dip twice? On all other nights we eat hametz or matzah, on this night only matzah. On all other nights we eat roasted, stewed or boiled meat, on this night only roasted. According to the intelligence of the son, the father teaches him. He begins with shame and concludes with praise; and they expound from arami oved avi (Deuteronomy 6:20-25) until he completes the whole section. Mishnah Five Rabban Gamaliel used to say: whoever does not make mention of these three things on Pesah does not fulfill his duty: the pesah, matzah, and bitter herbs. The pesah because God passed over the houses of our ancestors in Egypt. The matzah because they were redeemed. The bitter herbs because the Egyptians embittered the lives of our ancestors in Egypt. Therefore it is our duty to thank, praise, laud, glorify, raise up, and magnify to the One who made all these משנה ד מזגו לו כוס שיני וכן הבן שואל אביו. אם ]אין[ דעת בבן אביו מלמדו מה נשתנה הלילה הזה מכל הלילות. שבכל הלילות אנו מטבלים אפילו פעם אחת הלילה הזה שתי פעמים. שבכל הלילות אנו אוכלים חמץ ומצה הלילה הזה כולו מצה. שבכל הלילות אנו אוכלים בשר צלי שלוק ומבושל הלילה הזה כולו צלי. לפי דעתו שלבן אביו מלמדו. מתחיל בגנות ומסיים בשבח ודורשים מארמי אובד אבי עד שהוא גומר כל הפרשה: משנה ה רבן גמליאל אומר כל שלא אמר שלושה דברים אלו בפסח לא יצא ידי חובתו פסח מצה ומרורים. פסח על ]שם[ שפסח המקום על בתי אבותינו במצרים. מרורים על ]שם[ שמררו המצריים את חיי אבותינו במצרים. מצה על שם שנגאלו. לפיכך אנחנו חייבים להודות להלל לשבח לפאר לרומם לגדל למי שעשה לנו ולאבותינו את כל הניסים האילו והוציאנו מעבדות לחירות ונאמר לפניו

2 miracles for us and for our ancestors; and He brought us forth from slavery into freedom, Let us say before him, Hallelujah! Mishnah Six How far does he recite [the Hallel before the meal]? Bet Shammai say: Until As a joyous mother of children (Psalm 113). But Bet Hillel say: Until The flinty rock into a fountain of waters (Psalm 114). And he concludes with [a formula of] redemption. Mishnah Seven They poured him a third cup, he blesses over his meal. A fourth [cup], he concludes the Hallel, and recites over it the blessing of song. Between these cups if he wants he may drink; between the third and the fourth he may not drink. Mishnah Eight One may not conclude the pesah meal with an afikoman. If some of them fell asleep, they may eat [the pesah when they wake up]. If all of them fell asleep they may not eat. Rabbi Jose says: if they napped, they may eat, but if they fell asleep, they may not eat. Mishnah Nine The pesah defiles one s hands after midnight. Piggul and remnant defile one s hands. If he recited the blessing for the pesah, he thereby exempts the sacrifice [the hagigah]; [but if he recited the blessing] for the sacrifice [the hagigah], he does not exempt the pesah, the words of Rabbi Ishmael. Rabbi Akiva says: this does not exempt that nor does that exempt this. הללויה: משנה ו עד איכן הוא אומר? בית שמיי אומרים עד אם הבנים שמחה. ובית הלל עד חלמיש למעיינו מים. וחותם בגאולה. ר' טרפון אומר אשר גאלנו וגאל את אבותינו ממצרים ואינו חותם. ר' עקיבה אומר כן אלהינו ואלהי אבותינו יגיענו ולרגלים הבאים לקראתינו לשלום שמחים ביבניין עולם לאוכל מן הפסחים ומן הזבחים אשר היגיע דמם על קיר מזבחך לרצון ונודה לך על גאולתינו. ברוך אתה ה' גואל ישראל: משנה ז מזגו לו כוס שלישי ובירך על מזונו. רביעי גומר את ההלל ואומר עליו ברכת השיר. בין הכוסות האילו אם רצה לשתות ישתה, בין השלישי לרביעי לא ישתה: משנה ח אין מפטירים אחר הפסח אפיקומן. ישנו מקצתם יאכלו וכולם ]לא[ יאכלו. ר' יוסה אומר אם נתנמנמו יאכלו ואם נרדמו לא יאכלו: משנה ט הפסח אחר חצות מטמא את הידים. הפיגול והנותר מטמאים את הידיים. בירך ברכת הפסח ופטר את שלזבח. את שלזבח לא פטר את שלפסח דברי רבי ישמעאל. ר' עקיבה אומר לא זו פוטרת זו ולא זו פוטרת זו:

3 Tosefta Pesahim, Chapter Ten Based on Vienna manuscript, transcribed in Lieberman edition. Halakhah One On the eve of Pesahim, close to the time of Minhah, a person should not eat until it becomes dark. Even a poor person in Israel should not eat until he reclines. And they should provide him with not less than four cups of wine that together have a reviit. Whether unmixed or mixed, whether new wine or old wine. R. Judah says: as long as it has the taste and appearance of wine. Halakhah Two They mixed him the first cup: Bet Shammai say he blesses over the day and then he blesses over the wine, for the day causes the wine to come, and the day has already been sanctified and wine has not yet come. And Bet Hillel say he blesses the wine and then he blesses the day, for the wine causes the sanctity of the day to be recited. הלכה א ערב פסחים סמוך למנחה לא יאכל אדם עד שתחשך אפי' עני שבישראל לא יאכל עד שיסב. ולא יפחתו לו מארבע כוסות של יין שיש בהן כדי רביעית בין חי בין מזוג בין חדש בין ישן. ר' יהודה או' ובלבד שיהא בו טעם יין ומראה. הלכה ב מזגו לו כוס ראשון בית שמיי או' מברך על היום ואחר כך מברך על היין שהיום גורם ליין שיבא וכבר קדש היום ועדיין יין לא בא. ובית הלל אומ' מברך על היין ואחר כך מברך על היום שהיין גורם לקדושת היום שתאמר. Halakhah Three Another reason: the blessing over the wine is frequently recited, and the blessing over the day is infrequently recited. And the halakhah is like the words of Bet Hillel. Halakhah Four It is a mitzvah for a man to gladden his children, and the members of his household on the festival. How does he make them happy? With wine, as it is written, And wine shall gladden a man s heart (Psalms 104:15). R. Judah says: women with what is appropriate for them and minors with what is appropriate for them. Halakhah Five The servant dips meats and places them before the guests, and even though there is no proof for this practice there is something reminiscent of it, Break up the untilled ground and do not sow among thorns (Jeremiah 4:3). Halakhah Six The one who reads the Hallel. They go to him and read, and he does not go to them. הלכה ג דבר אחר ברכת היין תדירא וברכת היום אינה תדירה והלכה כדברי בית הלל. הלכה ד מצוה על אדם לשמח בניו ובני ביתו ברגל. במה משמחן ביין דכת' ויין ישמח לבב אנוש. ר' יהודה או' נשים בראוי להם וקטנים בראוי להם. הלכה ה השמש מכביש בבני מעים ונותן לפני האורחין אע"פ שאין ראיה לדבר זכר לדבר נירו לכם ניר ואל תזרעו אל קוצים. הלכה ו המקרא את ההלל הם הולכין אצלו וקורין והוא אין הולך אצלם Halakhah Seven הלכה ז

4 One who reads for his minor sons and daughters he needs to respond with them in the place that one responds. In what place does he respond? When he gets to Blessed be He, he says with them, In the name of God. He gets to We bless You, He says with them from the House of the Lord (Psalm 118:26). Halakhah Eight The people of the city who don t have one to read the Hallel for them, they go to the synagogue and read the first chapter, and then they go home, they eat and drink and then return and complete the Hallel. And if this is impossible, they finish the whole Hallel. The Hallel they don t diminish it and they don t add to it. Halakhah Nine R. Lazar b. Porta would recite things simply. Rabbi would repeat things. R. Lazar says: they divvy out matzah to children so that they won t fall asleep. R. Judah says: even if he only ate one appetizer, even if he made only one dipping, they divvy up matzah to children so that they won t fall asleep. Up until where does he recite [before the meal]? Bet Shammai say: Until as a happy mother of children (Psalms 114:9). Bet Hillel says: the flinty rock into a fountain (Psalms 115:8). And he concludes with [a blessing] over redemption. Bet Shammai said to Bet Hillel: Has Israel already been redeemed they mention the Exodus from Egypt. Bet Hillel said to them: Even if he waits until the cock crows, since they didn t go out [of Egypt] until the sixth hour of the day, how can he recite the redemption, and they hadn t yet gone out. The matzah, the lettuce and the haroset, even though the haroset is not a mitzvah. R. Lazar b. R. Zadok says: it is a mitzvah. In the Temple they bring in front of him the pesah. Halakhah 10 It happened that R. Lazar bar Zadok said to the merchants of Lod, come and take for yourselves the mandated spices. Halakhah Eleven And they may not conclude with an afikoman after the pesah, like nuts and dates and parched corn. A person must study the laws of Pesah all night, even if it is just him with his son, or by himself, or with his student. המקרא את בניו ובנותיו קטנים צריך להיות עונה עמהן במקום שעונין. באי זה מקום הוא עונה הגיע לברוך הבא אומ' עמהן בשם ה' הגיע לברכנוכם אומ' עמהן מבית ה' הלכה ח בני העיר שאין להן מי שיקרא את ההלל הולכין לבית הכנסת וקורין פרק ראשון והולכין ואוכלין ושותין וחוזרין ובאין וגומרין את כולו. ואם אי איפשר להן גומרין את כולו. ההלל אין פוחתין ממנו ואין מוסיפין עליו. הלכה ט ר' לעזר בן פרטא היה פושט בו דברים ר' היה כופל בו דברים. ר' לעזר אמ' חוטפין מצה לתינוקות בשביל שלא ישנו. ר' יהודה או' אפי' לא אכל אלא פרפרת אחת אפי' לא טבל אלא חזרת אחת חוטפין מצה לתינוקות בשביל שלא ישנו. עד היכן הוא אומ' בית שמיי או' עד אם הבנים שמחה ובית הלל אומ' עד חלמיש למעינו מים. וחותם בגאולה. אמרו בית שמיי לבית הלל וכי כבר יצאו שמזכירין יציאת מצרים. אמרו להם בית הלל אפילו הוא ממתין עד קרות הגבר הרי אילו לא יצאו עד שש שעות ביום היאך אומר את הגאולה ועדין לא נגאלו. המצה והחזרת והחרוסת אף על פי שאין חרוסת מצוה. ר' לעזר בי ר' צדוק אומ' מצוה. במקדש מביאין לפניו גופו של פסח הלכה י מעשה ואמ' להם ר' לעזר בר' ]צדוק ] לתגרי לוד בואו וטלו לכם תבלי מצוה הלכה יא אין מפטירין אחר הפסח אפיקומן כגון אגוזין תמרים וקליות. חייב אדם לעסוק בהלכות הפסח כל הלילה אפלו בינו לבין בנו אפלו בינו לבין עצמו אפלו בינו לבין תלמידו.

5 Halakhah Twelve It happened that Rabban Gamaliel and the elders were reclining in the house of Bitos b. Zunin in Lod and they were engaging themselves in the study of the laws of Pesah all night until the cock crowed. They removed [the tables] from them and they got up and went to the Bet Midrash Halakhah Thirteen What is the blessing over the pesah? Blessed is He who has sanctified us with His commandments and commanded us to eat the Pesah. What is the blessing over the [hagigah] sacrifice? Blessed is He who has sanctified us with His commandments and commanded us to eat the [hagigah] sacrifice הלכה יב מעשה ברבן גמליאל וזקנים שהיו מסובין בבית ביתוס בן זונין בלוד והיו עסוקין בהלכות הפסח כל הלילה עד קרות הגבר הגביהו מלפניהן ונועדו והלכו להן לבית המדרש הלכה יג אי זו היא ברכת הפסח ברוך אשר קדשנו במצותיו וצונו לוכל הפסח. אי זו היא ברכת הזבח ברוך אשר קדשנו במצותיו וצונו לוכל הזבח.

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