25Table of Contents Préface...5 Acknowledgements...9 Abbreviations...11 Introduction...15

Transcription

1 25Table of Contents Préface...5 Acknowledgements...9 Abbreviations...11 Introduction Marriage metaphor The marriage metaphor in the perspective of the two Yahwisms The marriage metaphor in a diachronic perspective...19 a) Debated origins...19 b) Vanishing metaphor? Filling the gap need of a new diachronic study...25 a) Jer 2:1-4: b) Related feminine metaphors...26 c) Two texts of Jeremiah History of Modern Research on the Book of Jeremiah From history of the prophet to history of the book History of the text Text and redaction criticism after the Qumran discoveries...36 a) The expansion theory and the features of the long edition of Jer b) Modern critiques of the expansion theory Growing influence of Jer LXX on redaction-critical theories Contemporary perspectives...58 a) Rupture among the contemporary commentaries...59 b) Book of Jeremiah as a meeting point for text and redaction criticism Scope, method and structure of our study...66

2 I Differential exegesis of Jer 2:1-4: Introduction Method...70 a) Quantitative differences...70 b) Quality of the LXX translation...70 c) Qualitative differences Presentation of differences Textual analysis of Jer 2:1-4: Conclusions for the textual history of Jeremiah The quality of the LXX translation Relationship between the LXX Vorlage and the MT Features of the long edition Peshitta and further development of the long edition towards the MT II The marriage metaphor in the long edition and in the MT Adulterous Jerusalem inspirations from the Book of Ezekiel Lady Jerusalem in 2:2 MT the interpretative key to the whole poem Shichor in 2:18 MT instead of Gihon Prostitute wife in 3:3 MT Judah as Israel s sister in 3: MT Salvific remembering: the marriage metaphor and history writing ל + זכר a) The construction b) Relecture of Ezek c) YHWH s memory in Ezek 16: d) YHWH s remembering incites the people s remembering Adultery and the land in Jer MT The Hosean influence on Jer 2-3 MT Adulterers and deserted land in Jer 23:10 MT Polluted land as the woman s body in Ezek 7:3 MT Provisional conclusions Hosea reinterpreted in the MT The desert ideal relation between Jer 2:2 MT and Hos 2: a) An exceptional positive meaning of the desert in Jer 2:2 MT

3 b) The days of her youth according to Hos 2:17 translation problems ש מ ה (c Directional adverb d) ו ע נ ת ה in Hos 2:17 as she will be humiliated e) Dependence of Jer 2:2 MT on a particular interpretation of Hos 2: A prostitute to many lovers in Jer 3:1.3 MT and Hos 3:1 MT Local corrections the paternal metaphor limited in Jer MT Changes in the proto-mt which are posterior to the long edition The origins of the reference to the wedding in 2:2 MT * כל ו לת a) Problematic etymology of the hapax legomenon b) Two homonymous roots c) Aramaic influence Faithfulness of the woman according to the Qere of 2:20 MT The Strange Woman in 2:21 MT The marriage metaphor in the long edition and in the MT of Jer 2:1-4: Marriage with Jerusalem Ezekiel Marriage with the land Hosea Marriage as a historiographic model III Feminine imagery according to the LXX translator The addressee s identity in the LXX God remembered his own love subjective genitive in 2:2 LXX Did the woman love YHWH? according to the Vorlage Ambiguity of the Hebrew Vorlage resolved in the LXX The Lord s remembrance in 2:2 LXX as an overture to a trial Priestly consecration of the people in 2:2 LXX The noun τελείωσις in extrabiblical Greek The substantive τελείωσις as a reference to priestly consecration A feminine daemon Lamenting murderess Lilith and Siren An ominous bird in 3:2 LXX God as protector of the girl s virginity in 3:4 LXX The feminine personification explained in 3:6-11 LXX

4 8. Translator s contribution conclusions IV Redactional unity of Jer 2:1-4: Introduction Deficiencies of redaction-critical studies of Jer 2:1-4: Criteria of the present redaction criticism and its stages Is Jer 2:1-4:2 a redactional unity? Redaction criticism of Jer Theories supporting the redactional unity of Jer 2:1-4: a) The woman as a metaphor of closeness? b) Feminine personification as a signal of distance? Redactional character of the initial verses in Jer 2: Unity of Jer 2: Was originally Jer 2:4-37 a literary unity together with Jer 3:1-5? Redaction criticism of Jer 3:1-4: The two wives parable in Jer 3: In those days redactional insertion of Jer 3: Are the concluding verses 4:1-2 secondary to the rest of Jer 3*? Redactional unity of the remaining poetry in Jer Scholarly discussion on the unity of Jer 3: and 4: Positive conclusion of 3: ו ש וב א ל י Meaning of the infinitive absolute in 4.3 Successful prayer to the father Jer 3: The continuity of Jer 3:5 and 3: God s plans in Jer 3: Jer 3:21 as a penitential prayer Jer 3: :2 as a literary unity Redaction history of Jer 2:2-4: Relative chronology a) The favourable Jer 3* as a continuation of the direful Jer 2* b) The editorial preface in 2: c) Other redactional restoration Fortschreibungen Historical setting a) Historicising reconstructions b) Possible historical setting for Jer 2:

5 c) Jer 3* d) 3: Geographical setting Conclusions V Feminine metaphors of Jer 2:1-4:2 in a diachronic perspective Introduction The woman of Jer 2:4-37 as a mourner and a poor prostitute They pastured on your head / They mocked you Jer 2: a) According to the MT b) According to the LXX Rejecting the service of YHWH results in slavery Jer 2: a) An undisciplined heifer in Jer 2: b) Prostitute the reason and the consequence of the rebellion The woman changed identity a vine of wild shoots in Jer 2: A naive girl Jer 2: The simile of a stupid כ ל ה in Jer 2: A perverse teacher Jer 2: Conclusions a) What is YHWH s attitude towards the woman? b) What is the position of the woman and the people? The sources of the feminine personification in Jer 2: Feminine personification in the prophetic literature Feminine personification in Mesopotamian lamentations Elements of the city lament genre in Jer 2* The topos of the city as a prostitute in the prophetic texts A prostitute in the ancient Near East context Wife or daughter? identity of the feminine figure in the poem of Jer 3* Comparison with the palingamy law in Jer 3: a) The root חנף and a dangerous defilement b) Defilement and the palingamy prohibition in Jer 3:1 and Deut 24: c) Is the addressee of Jer 3:1 married to YHWH? d) Again God s paternal role?...494

6 e) Jer 3:1 as a form of the priestly torah the parallel text of Hag 2: YHWH my father Jer 3:4 and The term א ל וף in Jer 3:4 as the woman s guardian of youth a) The legal custody of the women b) What does precisely the woman s youth mean? c) א ל וף in Prov 2: d) The meaning of Jer 3:4 conclusions Daughter s inheritance Jer 3: a) Importance of the gendered language of Jer 3: b) Inheritance ensured for a daughter c) Sons and son of YHWH The simile of a treacherous woman in Jer 3: a) An imperfect comparison בגד b) The meaning of the root c) The nature of treachery against ב ) (בגד YHWH Conclusions: the woman of Jer 3* is a daughter The daughter in Jer 2: Literary inspirations of Jer 2:2-3 review of proposals a) The salvation oracle of Jer b) An endangered ancestress from Gen 26: c) The first love in the Song of Moses Deut 32: d) The internal reasons which created the original love ideal in Jer 2: The woman of Jer 2:2-3 as a priestly daughter a) The priestly daughter who came back Lev 22: b) A holy household as the interpretative key to Jer 2:2-4: c) Conclusions The marriage metaphor in Jer 3: Factors promoting the introduction of the motifs proper to Ezekiel a) Motif of the initial perfection of the personified cities b) Mixed character of the feminine metaphor in Ezek Literary inspirations for the marriage model of Jer 3: a) Jer 3:6-11 as a local insertion b) The influence of Ezek 23 and Ezek Shift of the woman s identity Conclusions The women of Jer 2:2-4: Authors and their sources...549

7 General Conclusions History of the book From feminine metaphors to marriage in Jer 2:1-4: Suggestions for the history of marriage metaphor(s) From poetry to history Perspectives for the future research Bibliography Index of Authors Index of Ancient Sources...571