Michigan Islamic Academy
|
|
- Eunice Mills
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Atmeh Michigan Islamic Academy The Golden Age of Islam: Inventions, Innovations, Dar al Hikmah and Revitalizing Knowledge Sumayya Atmeh Senior Project Sr. Kim Malzone
2 Atmeh 1 When most people hear the terms technological advancement or scientific developments, they do not often think of Muslim scholars or the Islamic Golden Age. What comes to mind more often are thoughts about things like atomic bombs, penicillin, smart phones and surgery, and their non-muslim inventors. Actually, one of the above was developed by a Muslim scientist during the Islamic Golden Age. That s right, surgery was revolutionized by a Muslim around the year 1000 C.E. During the era called the Golden Age of Islam, in the midst of the European Dark Ages, the search for knowledge flourished in innovations and inventions at an unparalleled magnitude to any other era. Inventions that revolutionized the scientific world were created, and Dar al Hikmah, a massive translation center, was established. Although the Golden Age ended, it can be revived Muslims seek knowledge and follow Islam properly. The Golden Age of Islamic Civilization is considered to be the period between the seventh to the fifteenth centuries, (Faruqi 391). The Islamic empire stretched from Muslim Spain through China, reaching Northern Africa and of course, the origin, the Arabian Peninsula. During this time, the Muslims were at the top of the world in terms of knowledge and education, while Europe was in a time of ignorance. The world outside of the Islamic Empire was rather primitive and there was constant fighting between neighboring lands. While the progress of scientific knowledge in Europe languished during the Dark Ages, science flourished in the Golden Age of Islam. The renaissance that subsequently occurred in Europe might not have taken place without the contribution of Muslim science in the preceding period, (Faruqi 391). No time of technological development before, during or after the Golden Age compares to the scientific advances that Muslims made during that time except the modern era. Developments of things used in everyday life such as Algebra were invented by Muslim scholars of the Golden Age.
3 Atmeh 2 One of the famous Muslim mathematicians of the Golden Age was Muhammad ibn Mūsā al- Khwārizmī, also known as the Father of Algebra. He was so influential to the mathematical world that a crater on the moon has been named after him and the word algorithm comes from a Latinized version of his name. Khawarizmi was born in 780 AD and died in 850 AD. He lived in Baghdad, Iraq, and worked with Dar al Hikmah, the House of Wisdom which had its headquarters located in Baghdad (Lotha, and Tikkanen). The most famous work of Khawarizmi is his book al-kitab al-mukhtasar fi Hisab al-jabr wa l-muqabala (The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing). It is from this book that Algebra gets its name. Khawarizmi wrote this book in Arabic between 800 and 825 AD. His goal was to provide a theory for linear and quadratic equations by using radicals. Khawarizmi introduced new mathematical concepts such as the quadratic equation, a basic algebraic equation that Algebra students are still taught, and the world had seen nothing like his work before. After his death, the Greeks translated the book from Arabic to Greek and Greek mathematician Diophantus had seven volumes based off of Khawarizmi s work (Dallal, ). squares equal roots (ax 2 = bx) squares equal number (ax 2 = c) Figure 1 roots equal number (bx = c) squares and roots equal number (ax 2 + bx = c) squares and number equal roots (ax 2 + c = bx) roots and number equal squares (bx + c = ax 2 ) Khawarizmi s method to solving linear and quadratic equations was to separate each component of the equation into squares, roots, and numbers (see figure 1). He then came up with six possible combinations of the three and was able to solve for x, the unknown value, by, as the title of his book suggests, completing and balancing both sides of the equation. For example, if 3x= 4+8x, one would move 8x to the opposite side by subtracting it from both sides. The
4 Atmeh 3 equation will now read -5x=4. One will now isolate the unknown value, x, by moving -5 to the other side of the equation and this is done by dividing both sides by -5. The equation will now read x=-4/5 and the unknown value is now known. This technique of finding the unknown value, one that seems so elementary, came about during the Golden Age. In addition to developing Algebra, the concept of using zero as a placeholder is also from Khawarizmi. Before, zero was seen as worthless, for it represents nothing and using it seemed radical and ridiculous. Khawarizmi used a number system with ten numbers, zero through nine, based off an Indian system. It is hard now to imagine what math would be like without the number zero. Khawarizmi is not the only genius who authored a book used by scholars for generations to come. Al-Jami Bain al- Ilm wa al- Amal al-nafi fi Sina at al-hiyal (The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices) was written by Badi'al-Zaman Abu al-'izz Isma'il ibn al-razaz al-jazari, an engineer of the Golden Age. He invented the crank and connecting rod in the early 1200s. The crank is said to be the most important single mechanical device after the wheel, (The Crank- Connecting Rod). In the desert environment where he lived, Al Jazari s crank was first used to move water from one height to another using much less work than it would take to lug buckets up hills by hand, a great help to farmers irrigating their crops. The crank and connecting rod concept is still used today, for example, powering modern day cars and nearly all modes of transportation. ("What the Islamic World Did For Us").
5 Atmeh 4 Al Jazari is also famous for his Elephant Clock, one of the many automations he engineered and built. The Elephant Clock uses Greek water technology, Chinese serpents, an Indian elephant, Egyptian birds, Persian carpets, and Arabian architecture to illustrate the diversity of the Islamic world. The water powered time-telling mechanism is hidden in the body of the elephant. A small bucket with a hole floats on the water and slowly sinks. After precisely half an hour, the bucket sinks and pulls a string which triggers a series of movements outside the elephant including turning a dial marked in half hour increments. The bucket is then automatically reset and the process repeats its self over and over, accurately telling the time (1001 Inventions). Abu al-qasim Khalaf ibn al-abbas al Zahrawi, a Muslim doctor of the Golden Age who lived around the year 1000 C.E., revolutionized surgery. He was the first to use catgut to stitch up wounds due to its dissolving properties. He also created the first pair of forceps, and many of the surgical tools he engineered are recognizable today by modern surgeons (Sterns). Al Zahrawi had a lot of experience in surgery, treating the wounded casualties of war and accident victims. His book, At-Tasrif liman 'Ajiza 'an at-ta'lif (The Method of Medicine) contains nearly 50 years worth of his research, including sketches of medical instruments he developed, explanations on how to use them in surgery, and detailed accounts of surgeries he performed. In addition to being a surgeon, al Zahrawi was also skilled in dentistry. In his book, he would discuss teeth that were not aligned or deformed and how to fix them. He suggested
6 Atmeh 5 removing the bad teeth and replacing them with artificial. He spoke of how to properly extract the deformed tooth, create a new one, and set the new artificial tooth (Al Zahrawi). Al Zahrawi s tools (left) compared to tools of today (right). Photos from Google Images. Al Khawarizmi, al Jazari, and al Zahrawi were men, but let it not be thought that Muslim women did not contribute to the Golden Age. The astrolabe, one of the most popular symbols of the Islamic Golden Age and a navigational device with countless uses, was revolutionized by a female, Mariam al Astrolabiya al Ijiliya. Mariam's father was the apprentice of a famous astrolabe maker in Baghdad. As she got older, she in turn became a student of her father. Her designs of astrolabes (see picture to right of page) were intricate, innovative, and accurate to such a degree that she was employed by the ruler of the city for 23 years (Mosaic of Muslim Women). Before the Golden Age, Muslims used sundials or water clocks to tell the prayer times. By using the light of the sun and the date, one can tell the exact time as well as when the sun will rise and set. This was obviously very useful, as prayer times could be calculated to the exact minute. Another use of the astrolabe was in finding the direction of the qiblah (Mecca)
7 Atmeh 6 for prayer. The astrolabe was a great tool of travelers, as it could use the stars and sun in navigating such varied spaces as desserts and oceans. One could also predict celestial events like lunar and solar eclipses. The Muslims came up with amazing inventions and innovations, like the astrolabe, during the Golden Age that literally shaped society. But is it possible that the Muslims discovered all that they did by themselves? Did the ancients before the Muslims leave nothing at all for posterity? That is where Dar al Hikmah comes in. The Muslims preserved the information of civilizations before by translating their works into Arabic. They studied these ancient texts, refined them and built off of them, adding new discoveries and information procured. Dar al Hikmah, or, the House of Wisdom, was a Muslim translation and research center located in Baghdad. It was started during the time of the Abassid caliphs, under Harun al Rashid and then his son, al Mamun. Scholars and students would translate texts from other languages, such as Greek and Sanskrit into Arabic, preserving the knowledge and then adding to it from what the Muslims discovered. There was some controversy in the Muslim society of the time about the translation of these texts, especially the Greek philosophical volumes of Plato, Socrates, and the like, because some of what they said went against the Islamic monotheistic beliefs. The mathematical and scientific works were less controversial and faced less criticism when translated into Arabic. Mohammed Abderrazzaq, professor of Islamic Studies at Boston University and Northeastern University says, It [Dar al Hikmah] was an essential component to the Golden Age. It carried the spirit of the Prophetic hadith [t]he word of wisdom is the lost property of the believer, so wherever he finds it he has a better right to it. If you fine beneficial knowledge, use it, (Abderrazzaq). That was the essence of Dar al Hikmah take the best research, no matter
8 Atmeh 7 who from, translate it so it can be read by the people, and update that research with new discoveries. Why, then, don t more people know things about Muslims like some of the inventions, innovations and learning centers of the Golden Age of Islam? Why are Muslims rarely portrayed in a positive light? Part of the problem is the media. Ninety percent of the media (radio, television, films, etc.) is controlled by six corporations (Lutz). With a near-monopoly on the news people hear, it is no surprise that they also control what people hear. If they label a terrorist or criminal as Muslim, sadly, that is the first thing that will come to mind for many when they think of Muslims. And, even worse, people are willing to believe everything they hear without doing any research on their own. They, therefore, are not able to gauge how credible a story might be, or see where stereotypes or racism might be affecting the objectivity of the report. The other part of the problem is that people simply are not educated with accurate information about Islam, if they have any information at all. High school World History teacher Fatima Fuhr-Alsadah says, The majority of people are not taught about the Golden Age in school textbooks focus on America and the West, their contributions to society, (Fuhr- Alsadah). The Golden Age of Islam happened at the same time as the Dark Ages of Europe. Which is more well-known? The European Dark Ages, of course. The Islamic Golden Age might be mentioned in passing, but for some reason, that time of knowledge and light is not delved into as deeply as the time of ignorance and darkness. There are things used every day, like Algebra, that came from Muslims during the Golden Age, and students are not even aware of that.
9 Atmeh 8 Perhaps yet another reason people don t know much about the Golden Age is because it has ended. What happened to the Islamic Golden Age civilization? The Muslims were shaping the world, making unheard of discoveries and advancements. Why did that all stop? Where is the passion for seeking knowledge that the Muslims once possessed and cherished? The cause of the demise of the Golden Age Islamic Empire can be said in one word: corruption. Those three syllables explain the downfall of many once-mighty nations. The leaders of the Golden Age had grown away from their religion. Islam preaches seeking knowledge, and straying from Islam led to the leaders not caring for the accumulation of information. They committed acts forbidden in Islam such as drinking and practicing astrology. The leaders were blinded by greed for power and wealth, materialistic things of no benefit in the Hereafter. They were consumed by corruption. Perhaps most depressing was that some developments, like the astrolabe, meant to be of use to people for navigation and telling the times and direction of prayer, were used for things that take people out of the fold of Islam, such as astrology, which is based upon the superstitious belief that the celestial bodies have powers over human affairs, a power that only All-Powerful Allah has. Although the Golden Age of Islam may be over, its spirit of light and knowledge can shine brightly. To achieve this, Muslims must do two things. The first is to follow Islam properly, as originally prescribed by Allah. Abderrazzaq says, [In] Islam is the moral and ethical anchor that will guide our efforts to a beneficial progress, (Abderrazzaq). It is the corruption and deviation from Islam that led to the end of the Golden Age. That must be reversed if the Muslim Ummah (the worldwide community of Muslims) is to move forward. The second thing that must be done is illustrated in this quote of Imam Shafii : After the obligatory deeds, nothing is more beloved to Allah than studying knowledge. The Muslims
10 Atmeh 9 must once again kindle the passion of seeking knowledge inside themselves and then teach what they learn and discover to others. The Islamic Golden Age was, in the opinion of Abderrazzaq, a culture of knowledge unlike any other culture [there was] a rigorous pursuit of knowledge. Allah says in the Holy Quran, Say, Oh my Lord! Increase me in knowledge, (20:114). Muslims are supposed to seek knowledge; it is an order from Allah, so Muslims who are truly adhering to the religion will be seeking knowledge. Imagine what the world would be like without algebra, the astrolabe, surgery, or the crank and connecting rod. Society would be completely different and not nearly as advanced as today. After all, there is no era in the history of mankind when the search for knowledge and scientific development was as profound as in the Golden Age of Islam. Muslims had contributed greatly to humanity, and it is time to do so again by following the path of Allah, and seeking knowledge.
11 Atmeh 10 Works Cited: 1001 Inventions. "Al-Jazari's 800 Year Old Automatic Elephant Clock 1001 Inventions." Al- Jazari's 800 Year Old Automatic Elephant Clock Inventions, n.d. Web. 07 Jan Abderrazzaq, Mohammad. Islamic studies professor, personal interview. "Al Zahrawi." Al Zahrawi. N.p., Web. 06 Jan Dallal, Ahmad. The Oxford History of Islam. Ed. John L. Esposito. New York, NY: Oxford UP, Print. Faruqi, Yasmeen. "Contributions of Islamic Scholars to the Scientific Enterprise."International Education Journal. 7.4 (2006): Web. 20 Oct Fuhr-Alsadah, Fatima. High school World History Teacher, personal interview. Hadith of the Prophet Mohammad (S), recorded in Tirmithi 39:19, narrated by Abu Hurairah Holy Quran, chapter 20, verse 114, translation by Yusuf Ali astrolabe 15 Jan 13 modern surgical tools 15 Jan 13 zahrawi surgical tools 15 Jan 13 elephant clock 15 Jan 13 jazari crank diagram 15 Jan 13 Lotha, Gloria, and Amy Tikkanen. "al-khwarizmi."encyclopedia Britannica Lutz, Ashley. These 6 Corporations Control 90% Of The Media In America. Business Insider. Business Insider, 14 June Web. 13 Jan
12 Atmeh 11 Mosaic of Muslim Women. "Mariam Al-Astrolabiya Al-Ijliya." Mosaicofmuslimwomen. Mosaic of Muslim Women, 30 Jan Web. 05 Jan Sterns, Olivia. "Muslim Inventions That Shaped the Modern World." CNN. Cable News Network, 29 Jan Web. 09 Dec "The Crank-Connecting Rod System in a Continuously Rotating Machine." History of Science and Technology in Islam. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Jan Vallely, Paul. "How Islamic Inventors Changed the World." The Independent 11 (2006). "What the Islamic World Did For Us." Perf. Amani Zain. What the Ancients Did For Us. British Brodcasting Corporation: Web. 26 Nov <
Chapter 10: The Muslim World,
Name Chapter 10: The Muslim World, 600 1250 DUE DATE: The Muslim World The Rise of Islam Terms and Names Allah One God of Islam Muhammad Founder of Islam Islam Religion based on submission to Allah Muslim
More informationUnit: The Rise and Spread of Islam
Unit: The Rise and Spread of Islam Lesson Title: The Cultural Achievements of Muslims (See textbook pages 94-98) Muslims over the centuries made important advances in science, literature, and art. They
More informationIn the last section, you read about early civilizations in South America. In this section, you will read about the rise of Islam.
CHAPTER 10 Section 1 (pages 263 268) The Rise of Islam BEFORE YOU READ In the last section, you read about early civilizations in South America. In this section, you will read about the rise of Islam.
More informationCHRISTIANITY. The Good Samaritan. Some useful words: Benevolent means
Year 8 RS Revision CHRISTIANITY What did Jesus look like? Some people picture him being blonde with blue eyes and fair skin. This is perhaps because people tended to make pictures of what they looked like.
More informationEssential Question: What were the important contributions of Muslim scholars during the Islamic Empire?
Essential Question: What were the important contributions of Muslim scholars during the Islamic Empire? Warm-Up Question: What are the Five Pillars of Islam? What is a caliph? Why did the division between
More informationMk AD
Mk 2018 The Rise of the Arab Islamic Empire 622AD - 1450 610AD The Arabian Peninsula: Muhammad, age 40 has visions and revelations he claimed came from God. These revelations were written down by friends.
More informationWhat were the most important contributions Islam made to civilization?
Islamic Contributions and Achievements Muslim scholars were influenced by Greek, Roman and Indian culture. Many ideas were adopted from these people and formed the basis of Muslim scholarship that reached
More informationMUSLIM INNOVATIONS THAT SHAPED THE WORLD
WA1 MUSLIM INNOVATIONS THAT SHAPED THE WORLD IAE MUSLIM INNOVATIONS THAT SHAPED THE WORLD In this ibook you will find images, videos and a prereading that will help you to familiarise yourself with the
More informationIslam Islamic Scholarship
Non-fiction: Islam Islamic Scholarship Islam Islamic Scholarship Early in the history of Islam, Muslims were great scholars. 1 They studied science, medicine, mathematics, poetry, and art. During the Middle
More informationArabic language palaces, schools, how to make reason and logical orphanages, hospitals, mosques, and proof agree with their faith. other buildings.
Architecture Scholarship Learning Science Technology Geography Acceptance of the Arabic language helped promote learning. In the 8th century, Arabic became the language of scholarship and science throughout
More informationThe Thin. Line. A Lecture Series on the History of the Modern University
The Thin Tweed Line A Lecture Series on the History of the Modern University Sponsored by The William O. Douglas Honors College at Central Washington University The University The development of the university
More informationIslam. The Arabian Peninsula. "Islam (Mini Unit)." Learwood 7th Grade Social Studies. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 June 2014.
Islam Review of Monotheistic Religions You have previously learned about two major world religions, Judaism and Christianity. Both religions are monotheistic, meaning a belief in only one god. Judaism,
More informationThe historical background, the question, and the documents are on the pages that follow.
The historical background, the question, and the documents are on the pages that follow. Islamic Contributions and Achievements Muslim scholars were influenced by Greek, Roman and Indian culture. Many
More informationAlgebra al jabr, using x, y, or z in place of numbers to solve complex mathematical problems.
Teacher Notes: Cut up each of these boxes and distribute to groups of students or tape them up around the room as a station activity. Students should read about each, then take brief notes and make a sketch
More informationMuslim Innovations and Adaptations
Muslim Innovations and Adaptations What important innovations and adaptations did medieval Muslims make? Think of some ways in which your life is influenced by cultures in other parts of the world. Consider
More informationISLAMIC CIVILIZATIONS A.D.
ISLAMIC CIVILIZATIONS 600-1000 A.D. ISLAM VOCAB Muhammad the Prophet- the founder of Islam Islam- monotheistic religion meaning submission Muslim- followers of Islam Mecca- holy city to Arab people located
More informationTHE RISE OF ISLAM U N I T I I I
THE RISE OF ISLAM U N I T I I I MUHAMMAD THE PROFIT From Mecca in modern day Saudi Arabia Muhammad was a middle aged merchant who claimed the Angel Gabriel asked him to recite the word of God As a Merchant
More informationMuslim Achievements Stations activity
Muslim Achievements Stations activity Copy this table into your comp books (skip 4-6 lines per topic) Topic Math Observations & Work Vocabulary Notes & Reflections Art Science& Technology Astronomy Literature
More informationMuslim Achievements Stations activity
Muslim Achievements Stations activity Copy this table into your comp books (skip 4-6 lines per topic) Topic Math Observations & Work Vocabulary & Reflections Art Science& Technology Astronomy Literature
More informationAP World History Chapter 11 Notes
AP World History Chapter 11 Notes Even after the Arab Empire fell apart, the Islamic civilization continued to grow Major areas of Muslim expansion: India, Anatolia, West Africa, and Spain Islam brought
More informationThe Rise of Islam In the seventh century, a new faith took hold in the Middle East. The followers of Islam, Muslims, believe that Allah (God) transmit
The World of Islam The Rise of Islam In the seventh century, a new faith took hold in the Middle East. The followers of Islam, Muslims, believe that Allah (God) transmitted his words through Mohammad,
More informationUnit 8: Islamic Civilization
Unit 8: Islamic Civilization Standard(s) of Learning: WHI.8 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 AD by a) Describing the origin, beliefs, traditions,
More informationnetw rks Where in the world? When did it happen? Islamic Civilization Lesson 1 A New Faith ESSENTIAL QUESTION Terms to Know GUIDING QUESTIONS
Lesson 1 A New Faith ESSENTIAL QUESTION How do religions develop? GUIDING QUESTIONS 1. How did physical geography influence the Arab way of life? 2. What message did Muhammad preach to the people of Arabia?
More informationEUROPE- DESCENT into the DARK AGES
EUROPE- DESCENT into the DARK AGES PCES 2.1 A. Falcone Battle of the Romans & Barbarians The Roman Empire came, & it went- with essentially no contribution to learning in its wake. A great deal can be
More informationStation #1: Society & the Economy:
Station #1: Society & the Economy: Under the Abbassids, social mobility was possible through military, scholarly, or religious achievements. Even though society was flexible, there were still classes.
More informationIntroduction to Muslim Science
Introduction to Muslim Science دمة ىف علوم املسلم ] إ ل ي - English [ www.islamreligion.com website موقع دين الا سلام 2013-1434 Few centuries before Jesus the outstanding Greek civilizationcame to exist,
More informationIslamic Civilization
Islamic Civilization Overview No strict separation between religion and state; human beings should believe and behave in accordance with the commandments of Islam; Questions of politics, economics, civil
More informationWhere in the world? RESG When did it happen? Chapter 14 Map Title: Where in the World? File a.d. Name: 500 C14_L1_wsresg_01A.ai Map Size: 39p6 x 20p0
Lesson 1 A New Faith ESSENTIAL QUESTION How do religions develop? GUIDING QUESTIONS 1. How did physical geography influence the Arab way of life? 2. What message did Muhammad preach to the people of Arabia?
More informationThe Expansion of Muslim Rule. By Ms. Escalante
The Expansion of Muslim Rule By Ms. Escalante Expansion Under the In 661, the Umayyads family won a power struggle and built a great empire. In less than 100 years, their empire spanned parts of 3 continents-asia,
More informationChapter 9 1. Explain why Islam is considered more than a religion, but rather a way of life?
Chapters 9-18 Study Guide Review Chapter 9 1. Explain why Islam is considered more than a religion, but rather a way of life? The Quran and the Sunnah guide Muslims on how to live their lives. 2. What
More information[ 6.5 ] History of Arabia and Iraq
[ 6.5 ] History of Arabia and Iraq [ 6.5 ] History of Arabia and Iraq Learning Objectives Describe the civilizations of ancient Mesopotamia. Explain the origins and beliefs of Islam, including the significance
More informationI. The Rise of Islam. A. Arabs come from the Arabian Peninsula. Most early Arabs were polytheistic. They recognized a god named Allah and other gods.
I. The Rise of Islam A. Arabs come from the Arabian Peninsula. Most early Arabs were polytheistic. They recognized a god named Allah and other gods. 1. Mecca and Muhammad Mecca was a great trading center
More informationSection 3. Objectives
Objectives Describe the role of trade in Muslim civilization. Identify the traditions that influenced Muslim art, architecture, and literature. Explain the advances Muslims made in centers of learning.
More informationAccomplishments of Islam. By: Kaddie Hanson, Arianna Ramirez, and Zandra Stewart
Accomplishments of Islam By: Kaddie Hanson, Arianna Ramirez, and Zandra Stewart The Golden Age of Islam The Abbasid caliphate from 7501258 CE Was known as the Golden Age because Muslim scholars developed
More informationPrepared by: Muhamad Fauzi Othman Nidhal Abd. Rahim
Prepared by: Muhamad Fauzi Othman Nidhal Abd. Rahim Islam is a religion based upon knowledge for it is ultimately knowledge of the Oneness of God combined with faith and total commitment to Him that saves
More informationLecture 17. Mathematics of Medieval Arabs
Lecture 17. Mathematics of Medieval Arabs The Arabs The term Islam means resignation, i.e., resignation to the will of God as expressed in the Koran, the sacred book, which contains the revelations made
More informationThe Islamic Empires Chapter 11
The Islamic Empires Chapter 11 Islam arose in the Arabian peninsula in the early 600 s Mecca Medina- Jerusalem Caliph-successor to Muhammad Divisions grow -->who should rule after Muhammad's death Sunni
More information5/10/2018. The Islamic Civilization. A Study of the Faith / Empire / Culture. Mecca / Makkah. Isolated Peninsula. Southwestern = Fertile
The Islamic Civilization A Study of the Faith / Empire / Culture Mecca / Makkah 1 Isolated Peninsula Southwestern = Fertile Remainder = Arid Plains / Desert Agriculture along the coastal areas Bedouin
More informationMuslim Civilizations
Muslim Civilizations Muhammad the Prophet Born ca. 570 in Mecca Trading center; home of the Kaaba Marries Khadija At 40 he goes into the hills to meditate; God sends Gabriel with a call Khadija becomes
More informationChapter 10. Byzantine & Muslim Civilizations
Chapter 10 Byzantine & Muslim Civilizations Section 1 The Byzantine Empire Capital of Byzantine Empire Constantinople Protected by Greek Fire Constantinople Controlled by: Roman Empire Christians Byzantines
More informationTHE RISE OF ISLAM U N I T I I I
THE RISE OF ISLAM U N I T I I I MUHAMMAD THE PROPHET From Mecca in modern day Saudi Arabia Muhammad was a middle aged merchant who claimed the Angel Gabriel asked him to recite the word of God. As a Merchant,
More informationSSWH 5. Examine the political, economic, and cultural interactions within the Medieval Mediterranean World between 600 CE/AD and 1300 CE/AD.
SSWH 5 Examine the political, economic, and cultural interactions within the Medieval Mediterranean World between 600 CE/AD and 1300 CE/AD. Vocabulary Islam - a monotheistic religion that originated from
More informationExpansion. Many clan fought each other. Clans were unified under Islam. Began military attacks against neighboring people
Islamic Empires Expansion Many clan fought each other Clans were unified under Islam Began military attacks against neighboring people Defeated Byzantine area of Syria Egypt Northern Africa Qur an permitted
More informationSSWH 5. Examine the political, economic, and cultural interactions within the Medieval Mediterranean World between 600 CE/AD and 1300 CE/AD.
SSWH 5 Examine the political, economic, and cultural interactions within the Medieval Mediterranean World between 600 CE/AD and 1300 CE/AD. SSWH 5 A Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic
More informationName Class Date. Vocabulary Builder. 1. Identify the person who declared himself a prophet of Allah. Describe him.
Section 1 DIRECTIONS Answer each question by writing a sentence that contains at least one word from the word bank. Muslims Muhammad Five Pillars of Islam jihad 1. Identify the person who declared himself
More information7 th Grade History. Chapter 1: The Tools of History. What are latitude and longitude? Hemispheres? (know equator and prime meridian)
Name 7 th Grade History Chapter 1: The Tools of History 1.1 Geography of the World (p.8-13) What is geography? Landforms and bodies of water Continents Weather vs. climate 1.2 Mapping the World (p.14-21)
More informationIslam emerges on the scene
Graphic Organizer The prophet Muhammad gains followers as he shares the new religion. He becomes both a political and religious leader. Leaders who follow him were known as caliphs, and their kingdoms
More informationFasting A person must eat only one meal a day, after sunset, every day during the holy month of
What Muslims Believe Islam is a religion, believing in only one God. The Arabic word for God is The holy book for Muslims is the (also spelled Qu ran), which contains the rules for the religion revealed
More informationISLAM & SCIENCE ISSUES BRIEFINGS
ISSUES BRIEFINGS ISLAM & SCIENCE For more than 600 years, the Islamic world was the font of scientific discovery. It was called the Islamic Golden Age for good reason. From 750 C.E. until mid-way through
More informationMUSLIM WORLD. Honors World Civilizations, Chapter 10
MUSLIM WORLD Honors World Civilizations, Chapter 10 THIS CHAPTER OVERALL 3 sections: Rise of Islam Islam Expands Muslim Culture Your jobs: Take notes Participate Ask questions MUSLIM WORLD TODAY? Where
More information1001 Inventions exhibition at the Science Museum London:
1001 Inventions exhibition at the Science Museum London: engaging the public in a multicultural history of science. Yasmin Khan, January 2013 Yasmin.Khan000@gmail.com 600AD - 1600AD History of Science
More informationChapter 13.2 The Arab Empire and the Caliphates & Islamic Civilization
Chapter 13.2 The Arab Empire and the Caliphates & Islamic Civilization Essential Questions How can religion influence the development of an empire? How might religious beliefs affect society, culture,
More informationAVERROES, THE DECISIVE TREATISE (C. 1180) 1
1 Primary Source 1.5 AVERROES, THE DECISIVE TREATISE (C. 1180) 1 Islam arose in the seventh century when Muhammad (c. 570 632) received what he considered divine revelations urging him to spread a new
More informationcommon people who create and vote on the laws of the land offices that look out for the general public
PSS Social Studies Grade 6 Test 2 SC06SS060203 1. What was the primary language of the Romans, which became the basis for the Romance Languages (as well as much of our English vocabulary)? Greek Italian
More informationSSWH 5. Examine the political, economic, and cultural interactions within the Medieval Mediterranean World between 600 CE/AD and 1300 CE/AD.
SSWH 5 Examine the political, economic, and cultural interactions within the Medieval Mediterranean World between 600 CE/AD and 1300 CE/AD. Vocabulary Islam - a monotheistic religion that originated from
More informationMuslim Contributions to Civilization
Muslim Contributions to Civilization An Interactive Curriculum for Middle and High Schools Developed by ING ING 3031 Tisch Way, Suite 950 San Jose, CA 95128 Phone: 408.296.7312 408.296.7313 www.ing.org
More informationTHE ISLAMIC WORLD THROUGH 1450 Settle in this is going to be a long one
THE ISLAMIC WORLD THROUGH 1450 Settle in this is going to be a long one Pre-Islamic Bedouin Culture Well-established on the Arabian Peninsula, mostly nomadic, tribal, and polytheistic The Sheikh was the
More informationThe World Of Islam. By: Hazar Jaber
The World Of Islam By: Hazar Jaber Islam : literally means Submission, Peace. Culture Politics Why is it complicated? The story how it all began Muhammad (pbuh) was born in Mecca (570-632 AD) At age 40
More informationEXTERNAL INFLUENCES ON ARAB ACHIEVEMENTS
EXTERNAL INFLUENCES ON ARAB ACHIEVEMENTS Robert Milton Underwood, Jr. 2009 Underwood 1 EXTERNAL INFLUENCES ON ARAB ACHIEVEMENTS Arab culture has very rich traditions that have developed over centuries.
More informationIslamic World. Standard: Trace the origins and expansion of the Islamic World between 600 CE and 1300 CE.
Islamic World Standard: Trace the origins and expansion of the Islamic World between 600 CE and 1300 CE. Essential Question: What were the origins and expansion of the Islamic World? Islam Element: Explain
More informationThe Islamic World and Africa. Chapter 9
The Islamic World and Africa Chapter 9 Rise of Islam Due to warfare between the Byzantine and Persian empires trade land routes were changed. Sea routes were now used, connecting India with Arabian Peninsula
More informationUPDATE YOUR TOC & CORRECT THE EXIT TICKET FROM UNIT 2!
UPDATE YOUR TOC & CORRECT THE EXIT TICKET FROM UNIT 2! LET S FIX AN EXIT TICKET. I think the US is an empire. The United States can be considered an empire for many reasons. It has a strong organize government.
More informationNOTES: Unit 3 -Chapter 9: The Islamic World and Africa. In this chapter you will learn about developments in the during the.
Name NOTES: Unit 3 -Chapter 9: The Islamic World and Africa Introduction In this chapter you will learn about developments in the during the. Important Ideas A. Mohammed founded in the seventh century.
More informationDIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TERMS MUSLIMS AND ARABS
Our children are half of today and all of tomorrow. Arab proverb One of the most important aspects of creating welcoming, caring, respectful and safe environments for children and youth is the protecting
More informationThe Rise and Impact of Islam
The Rise and Impact of Islam Origins of Islam Muhammad (founder), Allah sent him an angel, Gabriel Muhammad was told he is a messenger. Islam: submission to the will of Allah in Arabic Muslim: one who
More informationProblems are not stop signs, they are guidelines. --- Robert H. Schuller. #4.8 The Spread of Islam
Name: Due Date: #4.8 The Spread of Islam Aim: How did Islam spread throughout the world? REVIEW: The Religion of Islam The religion of Islam began in the Arabian Peninsula in the A.D. 600s by a man named
More informationWHI.08: Islam and WHI.10: Africa
Name: Date: Period: WHI08: Islam and WHI10: Africa WHI08 The student will demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 AD by a) describing the origin, beliefs, traditions, customs,
More informationName: Document Packet Week 10 Golden Ages: Islam Date:
Name: Document Packet Week 10 Golden Ages: Islam Date: In this packet you will have all the documents for the week. This document packet must be in class with you every day. We will work with these documents
More informationTHE CHRONOLOGY OF THE POST-CLASSICAL PERIOD (P. 108) 1. What did the end of the classical era and the end of the post-classical era have in common?
600 CE 800 CE Name: Due Date: Unit III: The Postclassical Period, 500-1450: New Faith and New Commerce & Chapter 6 Reading Guide The First Global Civilization: The Rise of Spread of Islam THE CHRONOLOGY
More informationThe Renaissance. The Rebirth of European Progress
The Renaissance The Rebirth of European Progress The Collapse of Rome and the Middle Ages When the western portion of the Roman Empire collapsed, much of the European continent entered a period of disunity
More informationPerformance Task Causation: Spread of Knowledge
Student Edition Challenge Area 4 Building Block B NAME DATE Performance Task Causation: Spread of Knowledge in Eurasia Goal of task Target concept: I can explain why (causes) Muslims adopted Greek learning
More informationAl Khawarizmi Hammad U. Rehman
Al Khawarizmi Hammad U. Rehman Khawarizmi s Life Ever Wondered where the word Algorithm comes from? Algorithm comes from the Latinized name for a very special man- Al Khawarizmi. He developed the science
More informationReading Essentials and Study Guide
Lesson 3 Islamic Civilization ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS How can religion influence the development of an empire? How might religious beliefs affect society, culture, and politics? Reading HELPDESK Academic Vocabulary
More informationWorld History I Mrs. Rogers Sem
World History I Mrs. Rogers Sem. 1 2012 Chapter 10 Study Guide: Muslim Civilizations Section 1: Rise of Islam Bedouins (bed-oh-ins): a tribe of nomads that lived in the desert of the Arabian peninsula
More informationIslam AN AGE OF ACCELERATING CONNECTIONS ( )
Islam AN AGE OF ACCELERATING CONNECTIONS (600 1450) Throughout most of its history, the people of the Arabian peninsula were subsistence farmers, lived in small fishing villages, or were nomadic traders
More informationArabia before Muhammad
THE RISE OF ISLAM Arabia before Muhammad Arabian Origins By 6 th century CE = Arabic-speakers throughout Syrian desert Arabia before Muhammad Arabian Origins By 6 th century CE = Arabic-speakers throughout
More informationWorld History Grade: 8
World History Grade: 8 SOC 220 World History I No graduation credit 5 days per week; 1 school year Taught in English This is a required course for 8th grade students in the Mexican/U.S. Programs. This
More informationMedieval. Islamic Empires. Timeline Cards
Medieval Islamic Empires Timeline Cards Subject Matter Expert Ahmed H. al-rahim, PhD, Department of Religious Studies, University of Virginia Illustration and Photo Credits Title Travel Library Limited/Superstock
More informationMuhammad & The Rise of Islam
Muhammad & The Rise of Islam Overview of Islam Around 600 AD, a new monotheistic religion began called Islam: The faith was founded by the prophet Muhammad His followers, called Muslims, spread Islam throughout
More informationTeacher Overview Objectives: European Culture and Politics ca. 1750
Teacher Overview Objectives: European Culture and Politics ca. 1750 Objective 1. Examine events from the Middle Ages to the mid-1700s from multiple perspectives. Guiding Question and Activity Description
More informationEuropean Culture and Politics ca Objective: Examine events from the Middle Ages to the mid-1700s from multiple perspectives.
European Culture and Politics ca. 1750 Objective: Examine events from the Middle Ages to the mid-1700s from multiple perspectives. What s wrong with this picture??? What s wrong with this picture??? The
More informationChapter 9: Islam & the Arab Empire, Lesson 3: Islamic Civilization
Chapter 9: Islam & the Arab Empire, 600 1000 Lesson 3: Islamic Civilization World History Bell Ringer #41 12-4-17 1. What led to the development of the Islamic caliphate? A. The death of Muhammad left
More informationIn Alexandria mathematicians first began to develop algebra independent from geometry.
The Rise of Algebra In response to social unrest caused by the Roman occupation of Greek territories, the ancient Greek mathematical tradition consolidated in Egypt, home of the Library of Alexandria.
More information4. What was the primary international trade route during the Classical period?
Name: Due Date: Unit III: The Postclassical Period, 500-1450: New Faith and New Commerce & Chapter 6 Reading Guide The First Global Civilization: The Rise of Spread of Islam THE WORLD MAP CHANGES 1. The
More informationThe Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Lands
G E O G R A P H Y C H A L L E N G E The Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Lands 20 W 0 20 E FRANCE 40 N W SPAIN Cordoba N E Rome Tripoli Constantinople Athens Alexandria Cairo EGYPT Samarkand Antioch PERSIA
More information5/8/2015. The Islamic Civilization. A Study of the Faith / Empire / Culture. Isolated Peninsula. Southwestern = Fertile
The Islamic Civilization A Study of the Faith / Empire / Culture Mecca / Makkah 1 Isolated Peninsula Southwestern = Fertile Remainder = Arid Plains / Desert Agriculture along the coastal areas Bedouin
More informationThe Golden Age: Muslim Achievements
The Golden Age: Muslim Achievements You can have your script theme be a commercial, documentary or story. Your script should incorporate major achievements of the Islamic empire during the Golden Age (750-1258).
More informationIndian Ocean Trade. Height C.E.
Indian Ocean Trade Height 800 1400 C.E. Key Vocabulary: Zanj Arab name for the people of East Africa Monsoons the seasonal wind of the Indian Ocean and southern Asia, blowing from the southwest in summer
More informationQuestion of Periodization
Question of Periodization Periodization: AP World History is broken into six chronological periods of study. Period 3(Ch9-16): Regional and Transregional Interactions, c. 600CE to 1450 CE (20% of AP Exam)
More informationPAF Chapter HISTORY GRADE - 7 Intervention Work Book
The City School PAF Chapter HISTORY GRADE - 7 Intervention Work Book Topics Rise of Islamic Civilization Date: Q1: Read the following sentences and write the suitable term for each: a) The Roman Civilization
More informationMiddle East Regional Review
Middle East Regional Review Foundations-600 BCE Paleolithic (Old Stone Age)- to about 10,000 years ago Nomadic, Hunter-Gatherers Adapted to environment- use of fire, developed stone tools Summarize the
More informationthe Mauryan Empire. Rise of the Maurya Empire
DUE 02/22/19 Name: Lesson Three - Ancient India Empires (Mauryan and Gupta) 6.28 Describe the growth of the Maurya Empire and the political and moral achievements of the Emperor Asoka. 6.29 Identify the
More informationArabian Peninsula Most Arabs settled Bedouin Nomads minority --Caravan trade: Yemen to Mesopotamia and Mediterranean
I. Rise of Islam Origins: Arabian Peninsula Most Arabs settled Bedouin Nomads minority --Caravan trade: Yemen to Mesopotamia and Mediterranean Brought Arabs in contact with Byzantines and Sasanids Bedouins
More informationThe Rise of Islam. Muhammad changes the world
The Rise of Islam Muhammad changes the world LOCATION Arabian Peninsula Southwest Asia, AKA the Middle East Serves as a bridge between Africa, Asia, and Europe, allowing goods and ideas to be shared. SOUTHWEST
More informationChapter 10: Section 1 Main Ideas
Chapter 10: Section 1 Main Ideas Main Idea #1: Islam was created by Muhammad in 570 ACE Main Idea #2: Islam is monotheistic, Allah is God, Quran is the sacred text of Islam, and Prophets were Abraham,
More informationUNIT 3 -CHAPTER 9: THE ISLAMIC WORLD AND AFRICA
UNIT 3 -CHAPTER 9: THE ISLAMIC WORLD AND AFRICA INTRODUCTION In this chapter you will learn about developments in the Middle East and Africa during the post-classical era. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS What are
More informationAn Empire Built On Paper W.M. Akers
An Empire Built on Paper An Empire Built On Paper W.M. Akers Until the 8th century, paper was only produced in China and other parts of Eastern Asia. Scholars in Europe, the Middle East and Africa had
More informationMuslim Culture MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW TERMS & NAMES
3 Muslim Culture MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW TERMS & NAMES CULTURAL INTERACTION Muslims combined and preserved the traditions of many peoples and also advanced learning in a variety of areas. Many of
More informationVersion A SOL Review Quiz 3 SOL 8 - Islamic Civilization SOL 9 - Early Middle Ages SOL 10 - Trade Routes, Japan, and African Kingdoms 1. Feudalism was a system where: feudal lords rented their lands land
More informationWhat Does the Enemy Want?
1 What Does the Enemy Want? 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Muslims Who Want Sharia Afghanistan 99% of 24 million = 24 MILLION Bangladesh 82% of 149 million = 122 MILLION Egypt 74% of 80 million = 59 MILLION Ethiopia
More information