Official Record of Apostolic Succession of Kristina Rake, M.A., by the Grace of God,Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church

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1 Official Record of Apostolic Succession of Kristina Rake, M.A., by the Grace of God,Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church

2 Official Record of Apostolic Succession of Kristina Rake Questions of Apostolic Succession arise normally in the desire by Roman Catholics, Anglicans, and Eastern Catholics to ensure that the Church they are attending is recognised as being validly Catholic. Often, poorly formed and uneducated, but well-meaning Roman Catholic clergy will attempt to dissuade someone from becoming involved in the autocephalous or Emergent Catholic Movement by falsely claiming that our Church is not recognised as having valid sacraments and orders. This contradicts the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church. In Dominus Iesus, the declaration on the unicity and salvific universality of Jesus Christ and the Church, Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger (Pope Benedict XVI), who was then prefect of the Roman Catholic Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith states, "Therefore, there exists a single Church of Christ, which subsists in the Catholic Church, governed by the Successor of Peter and by the Bishops in communion with him. The Churches which, while not existing in perfect communion with the Catholic Church, remain united to her by means of the closest bonds, that is, by apostolic succession and a valid Eucharist, are true particular Churches. Therefore, the Church of Christ is present and operative also in these Churches, even though they lack full communion with the Catholic Church, since they do not accept the Catholic doctrine of the Primacy, which, according to the will of God, the Bishop of Rome objectively has and exercises over the entire Church." (See also: Second Vatican Council, Decree Unitatis redintegratio, 3.; Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Declaration Mysterium Ecclesiae, 1: AAS 65 (1973), ; Second Vatican Council, Decree Unitatis redintegratio, 14 and 15; Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Letter Communionis notio, 17: AAS 85 (1993), 848.; First Vatican Council, Constitution Pastor aeternus: DS ; Second Vatican Council, Dogmatic Constitution Lumen gentium, 22.) +Kristina was Ordained to the Holy Catholic Priesthood on September 5 th, 2015, by Archbishop James Long (The United States Old Catholic Church). Through ordination and the laying on of hands, according to the Latin Rite of the Holy Roman Catholic Church, the Apostolic Succession of +Kristina Rake can be traced back to St. Peter, St. Andrew, St. James the Lesser (Bishop of Jerusalem), St. Thaddeus, St. Jude-Thomas, St. Augustine of Canterbury, St. Anselm and St. Gregorius.

3 On December 10 th, 2016, before the people of God and Most Blessed Trinity, Archbishop +James Long, assisted by Archbishop +Dana Laken, and Bishop +Mary Monaco, did elevate to the Office of Bishop and consecrate +Kristina Rake. Bishop Kristina Rake currently pastor of Nativity Old Catholic Church in St. Charles, IL and the Presiding Bishop of the American Apostolic Old Catholic Church. The Apostolic Succession of +Kristina Rake primarily derives its richness from the historic and undivided Eastern Catholic churches. The beginnings of the Eastern Catholic faith can easily be traced back to the earliest Apostolic-Era, prior to the unfortunate development of institutionalized and divided churches so common in our era. Even so, our Catholic identity, sacramental validity and Apostolic Succession is recognised by all Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Eastern Catholic, Anglican, and autocephalous Catholic churches. Documented herein, we recognise Her Excellency Kristina Rake as being: 171 st in succession from St. Andrew the Apostle 162 nd in succession from St. James the Apostle 150 th in succession from St. Thaddaeus the Apostle 130 th in succession from St. John the Apostle 126 th in succession from St. Thomas the Apostle 122 nd in succession from St. Agai of the Seventy 120 th in succession from St. Abris, cousing of the Blessed Virgin Mary 97 th in succession from St. Augustine of Canterbury 72 nd in succession from St. Anselm 68 th in succession from St. Thomas Beckett 23 rd in succession from Dominicus Marie Varlet 17 th in succession from the Orthodox Patriarch, St. Tikhon 11 th in succession from Joseph Rene Vilatte 10 th in sucession from Arnold Harris Matthew 9 th in succession from St. Carlos Duarte-Costa of Brazil

4 The Apostolic Succession from The National Catholic Church of Italy and the National Catholic Church of Brazil (Roman Catholic/Petrine Successions) Chiesa Cattolica in Italia & Igreja Catolica no Brasil Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa, ordained a priest within The Church of Rome on 1 April 1911, was consecrated to be the Roman Diocesan Bishop of Botucatu, Brazil, on 8 December His public statements on the treatment of the poor in Brazil (by both the civil government and the Roman Church) resulted in his removal as Diocesan Bishop of Botucatu. Bishop Duarte Costa was subsequently named Titular Bishop of Maura by Pope Pius XII (Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli, Vatican Secretary of State until 1939 under Pope Pius XI). Archbishop Duarte Costa's criticisms of the Vatican, particularly the policy toward Nazi Germany, were not well received. He was formerly separated from the Church of Rome on 6 July 1945 after his strong and repeated public denunciations of the Vatican Secretariat of State for granting Vatican Passports to some very high ranking Nazis. Some of the most notorious Nazi war criminals (e.g., Adolf Eichmann and Dr. Josef Mengele, the "Angel of Death,") escaped trial after World War II using Vatican Passports to flee to South America. The government of Brazil also came under the Bishop's criticism for collaborating with the Vatican on these passports. Bishop Duarte Costa espoused what would be considered today as a rather liberal position on divorce, challenged mandatory celibacy for clergy, and publicly condemned the perceived abuses of papal power (especially the concept of Papal Infallibility, which he considered misguided and false). He founded the autonomous Igreja Catolica Apostolica Brasileira (ICAB) immediately upon his separation from The Church of Rome (6 July 1945) and remained Primate of this jurisdiction until his death in Archbishop Luis Castillo Mendez was consecrated by Archbishop Duarte Costa on 3 May He succeed Abp. Duarte Costa as Primate and Patriarch of the National Catholic Apostolic Churches (Igreja Catolica Apostolica Nationales) in In addition to the autonomous Igreja Catolica Apostolica Brasileira (ICAB), there are sister jurisdictions in thirteen other countries in the Western Hemisphere, Europe, the Pacific and in Asia, including: Argentina (ICAA), Chile, Venezuela, Cuba, Mexico, Spain, Germany, France, Portugal, Australia, the Philippines, Canada and the United States of America, with over 12 million members. It may be of interest to consider Bishop Salomao Ferraz. He was a Roman priest who left that jurisdiction to join the new autocephalous Brazilian Church. He was consecrated to the office of bishop by Archbishop Carlos Duarte Costa for the Igreja Catolica Apostolica Brasileira (ICAB) in In 1958 he was reconciled with the Church of Rome (during the pontificate of Pope Pius XII). The Vatican appointed him Titular Bishop of Eleuterna on 12 May Although married, Bishop Ferraz was later appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Rio de Janeiro by Pope John XXIII. Pope Paul VI appointed Bishop Ferraz to serve on a commission of the Second Vatican Council; he even addressed the Council Fathers.

5 This is mentioned only to point out that Bishop Ferraz was never re-consecrated by the Roman Church, not even conditionally (sub conditione)! He was also allowed to keep his wife while serving and functioning as a Bishop of The Church of Rome! Later, he was buried with the full honors accorded a Bishop of the Church of Rome. The Vatican, by accepting Bishop Ferraz without any re-consecration, affirmed de jure and de facto the sacramental validity of the Apostolic Succession received via Abp. Duarte Costa.

6 DUARTE COSTA SUCCESSION (THROUGH BISHOP SALOMAO FERRAZ) Gian Pietro Cardinal Carafa (Who, in valid apostolic succession through St. Peter, would become Roman Catholic Pope Paul IV), in 1555, did consecrate; Scipione Rebiba Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1566 Giulio Antonio Santoro Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1586 Girolamo Bernerio, O.P. Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1604 Galeazzo Santivale Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1621 Lodovico Ludovisi Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1622 Luigi Caetani Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1630 Ulderico Carpena Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1666 Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1675 Vincenzo Maria Orsini de Gravina, O.P. Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1724 Pope Benedictus XIV (Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini) Who consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 19 March 1743: Carlo della Torre Rezzoni (Pope Clement XIII) Who, assisted by Archbishop Scopio Borghese & Ignatius Reali consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 26 April 1767: Cardinal Bernardinus Giraud Who, assisted by Archbishop Marcus Antonius Conti & Bishop Iosefus Maria Carafa Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 23 February 1777: Cardinal Alexander Matthaeus Who, assisted by Bishop Geraldus Macioti & Bishop Franciscus Albertini Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 12 September 1819: Cardinal Petrus Franciscus Galeffi Who, assisted by Abp. Ioanne Franciscus Falzacappa & Abp. Iosephus della Porta Rodiani Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 8 December 1822:

7 Cardinal Iacobus Philippus Fransoni Who, assisted by Patriarch Joseph Valerga of Jerusalem & Bishop Rudesindus Salvado Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 8 June 1851: Cardinal Carolus Sacconi Who, assisted by Archbishop Salvator Nobili Vitelleschi and Archbishop Franciscus Xaverius Fridericus de Morode Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 30 June 1872: Cardinal Eduard Howard Who, assisted by Archbishop Alessandro Sanminiatelli Zabarella & Bishop Giulio Lenti Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 8 December 1882: Cardinal Mariano Rampolla del Tindaro Who consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 26 October 1890: Cardinal Joaquin Arcoverde de Albuquerque-Cavalcanti Who consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 4 June 1911: Archbishop Sebastiao Leme da Silveira Cintra Who, assisted by Dom Alberto Jose Goncalves & Dom Benedito Paulo Alves de Souza Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 8 December 1924: Dom Carlos Duarte Costa Patriarch, Igreja Catolica Apostolica Brasileira (1945) Who consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate in 1945: ** Salomâo Ferraz Who consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate in 1951: Manoel Ceia Laranjeira Who consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate in 1969: Viktor Ivan Busà Who consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate in 1972: Frederick Charles King Who sub-conditionally consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate in 1954: Emile Federico Rodriguez y Durand (Fairfield) Who consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate in 1990: George Augustus Stallings (African-American Catholic Congregation) Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1996 Carlos Enrique Harvin (African-American Catholic Congregation) Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 2004 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. The Apostolic Society of Franciscan Communities Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 2006 James M Long United States Old Catholic Church Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 2016

8 Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church **NOTE: The Holy Orders of Bishop Salomâo Ferraz have been recognized as valid by the Roman Catholic Pontificate. In 1958, Pope John XXIII received Bishop Ferraz back into the Roman Catholic Church, despite his being married, and did so without reconsecration. In 1963, Bishop Ferraz was granted the Titular See of Eleuterna by Pope Paul VI. Bishop Ferraz participated actively in the entire Second Vatican Council.

9 DUARTE COSTA SUCCESSION II Gian Pietro Cardinal Carafa (Who, in valid apostolic succession through St. Peter, would become Roman Catholic Pope Paul IV), in 1555, did consecrate; Scipione Rebiba Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1566 Giulio Antonio Santoro Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1586 Girolamo Bernerio, O.P. Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1604 Galeazzo Santivale Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1621 Lodovico Ludovisi Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1622 Luigi Caetani Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1630 Ulderico Carpena Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1666 Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1675 Vincenzo Maria Orsini de Gravina, O.P. Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1724 Pope Benedictus XIV (Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini) Who consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 19 March 1743: Carlo della Torre Rezzoni (Pope Clement XIII) Who, assisted by Archbishop Scopio Borghese & Ignatius Reali consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 26 April 1767: Cardinal Bernardinus Giraud Who, assisted by Archbishop Marcus Antonius Conti & Bishop Iosefus Maria Carafa Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 23 February 1777: Cardinal Alexander Matthaeus Who, assisted by Bishop Geraldus Macioti & Bishop Franciscus Albertini Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 12 September 1819: Cardinal Petrus Franciscus Galeffi Who, assisted by Abp. Ioanne Franciscus Falzacappa & Abp. Iosephus della Porta Rodiani Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 8 December 1822: Cardinal Iacobus Philippus Fransoni Who, assisted by Patriarch Joseph Valerga of Jerusalem & Bishop Rudesindus Salvado

10 Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 8 June 1851: Cardinal Carolus Sacconi Who, assisted by Archbishop Salvator Nobili Vitelleschi and Archbishop Franciscus Xaverius Fridericus de Morode Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 30 June 1872: Cardinal Eduard Howard Who, assisted by Archbishop Alessandro Sanminiatelli Zabarella & Bishop Giulio Lenti Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 8 December 1882: Cardinal Mariano Rampolla del Tindaro Who consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 26 October 1890: Cardinal Joaquin Arcoverde de Albuquerque-Cavalcanti Who consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 4 June 1911: Archbishop Sebastiao Leme da Silveira Cintra Who, assisted by Dom Alberto Jose Goncalves & Dom Benedito Paulo Alves de Souza Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 8 December 1924: Dom Carlos Duarte Costa Patriarch, Igreja Catolica Apostolica Brasileira (1945) Who consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 3 May 1948: Dom Luis Fernando Castillo Mendez Patriarch, Igreja Catolica Apostolica Brasileira (1961) Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1949 Esteban Meyer Corradi-Scarella (Catholic Apostolic Church in North America) Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1954 Emile Federico Rodriguez y Durand (Fairfield) (Iglesia Ortodoxa Católica Apostólica Méxicana) Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1990 George Augustus Stallings (African-American Catholic Congregation) Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1996 Carlos Enrique Harvin (African-American Catholic Congregation) Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 2004 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. - Presiding Bishop and Exarch of the Apostolic Society of Franciscan Communities (Order of Servant Franciscans of the Immaculata) Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 2006

11 James M Long (United States Old Catholic Church) Who consecrated to the Episcopate in 2015 Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church

12 DUARTE COSTA SUCCESSION III Gian Pietro Cardinal Carafa (Who, in valid apostolic succession through St. Peter, would become Roman Catholic Pope Paul IV), in 1555, did consecrate; Scipione Rebiba Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1566 Giulio Antonio Santoro Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1586 Girolamo Bernerio, O.P. Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1604 Galeazzo Santivale Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1621 Lodovico Ludovisi Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1622 Luigi Caetani Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1630 Ulderico Carpena Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1666 Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1675 Vincenzo Maria Orsini de Gravina, O.P. Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1724 Pope Benedictus XIV (Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 19 March 1743: Carlo della Torre Rezzoni (Pope Clement XIII) assisted by Archbishop Scopio Borghese & Ignatius Reali Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 26 April 1767: Cardinal Bernardinus Giraud assisted by Archbishop Marcus Antonius Conti & Bishop Iosefus Maria Carafa Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 23 February 1777: Cardinal Alexander Matthaeus assisted by Bishop Geraldus Macioti & Bishop Franciscus Albertini Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 12 September 1819: Cardinal Petrus Franciscus Galeffi assisted by Abp. Ioanne Franciscus Falzacappa & Abp. Iosephus della Porta Rodiani Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 8 December 1822:

13 Cardinal Iacobus Philippus Fransoni assisted by Patriarch Joseph Valerga of Jerusalem & Bishop Rudesindus Salvado Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 8 June 1851: Cardinal Carolus Sacconi assisted by Archbishop Salvator Nobili Vitelleschi and Archbishop Franciscus Xaverius Fridericus de Morode Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 30 June 1872: Cardinal Eduard Howard assisted by Archbishop Alessandro Sanminiatelli Zabarella & Bishop Giulio Lenti Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 8 December 1882: Cardinal Mariano Rampolla del Tindaro Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 26 October 1890: Cardinal Joaquin Arcoverde de Albuquerque-Cavalcanti Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 4 June 1911: Archbishop Sebastiao Leme da Silveira Cintra assisted by Dom Alberto Jose Goncalves & Dom Benedito Paulo Alves de Souza Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 8 December 1924: Dom Carlos Duarte Costa Patriarch, Igreja Catolica Apostolica Brasileira (1945) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 3 May 1948: Dom Luis Fernando Castillo Mendez Patriarch, Igreja Catolica Apostolica Brasileira (1961) assisted by Dom Melquiades Rosa Garcia & Dom Bartolomeus Sebastiao Vilela Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 30 January 1985: Dom Forest Ernest Barber Holy Orthodox Church in the Philippines (Mission of the Igreja Catolica Apostolica Brasileira) assisted by Abp. Emile Federico Rodriguez y Fairfield & Abp. Paul G. W. Schultz Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 14 June 1987: Dom Nils Bertil Alexander Persson Archbishop of Scandinavia, Igreja Catolica Apostolica Brasileira assisted by Abp. Emile Federico Rodriguez y Fairfield, Abp. Paul G. W. Schultz, Bishop Christopher Rogers, Bishop Carroll Lowery, Exarch Howard D. van Orden, Archbishop Arthur Garrow, Bishop Petros (Eric Veloso), Bishop Michael Marshal Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 5 August 1989: Dom Karl Julius Barwin Primate, The Evangelical Catholic Church. Bishop Karl J. Barwin did consecrated to the episcopate on May 12, 1990 George Augustus Stallings, Jr. - Patriarch and Archbishop of the African American Catholic Congregation, who consecrated Carlos Enrique Harvin - Bishop in 1996 for the African American Catholic Congregation. Bishop Harvin consecrated on January 18, 2004

14 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. - Presiding Bishop and Exarch of the Apostolic Society of Franciscan Communities (Order of Servant Franciscans of the Immaculata). Bishop Mariae did consecrate to the Episcoate on April 22 nd, 2006: James M Long United States Old Catholic Church Who did consecrate to the episcopate on December 10 th, 2016: Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church

15 The Apostolic Succession from The Mariavite Old Catholic Church The Mariavite Old Catholic Church separated from the Roman Communion in 1906, and elected as their bishop Minister General Jean Marie Michel Kowaleski, a priest ordained in the Roman Catholic Church. The succession of the Mariavite Old Catholic Church comes through Cardinal Antonio Barberini, nephew of Pope Urban VII, and through the Ultrajectine (Old Catholic Church), of which Archbishop Gerardus Gul became the seventeenth Archbishop of Utrecht, in SUCCESSION I Bishop Johann Michael Kowalski was consecrated in Utrecht, Holland, on 5 October 1909 by Archbishop Gerard Gul of Utrecht, Archbishop Arnold Harris Mathew (Archbishop of London, Old Catholic Church of England), Bishop Johannes Jacobus van Thiel and Bishop Nicolas Bartholomaeus Petrus Spit (Old Catholic Church of Holland), and Bishop Joseph Demmel (Bishop of Bonn, Old Catholic Church of Germany), as Bishop for the Polish Catholic Church of the Mariavites. Bishop Kowalski consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Marc Marie (Paul Fatome) on 4 September 1938 as Regionary Bishop for France. Bishop Marc Marie consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Paulus (Helmut Norbert Maas) on 6 October 1949 as Bishop of the Mariavite Catholic Church in Germany (Katholische Kirche der Mariaviten in Deutschland). Bishop Paulus consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Efrem Maria Mauro Fusi on 24 May 1953 as Bishop for The Mariavite Catholic Church in Italy (Chiesa Cattolica Mariavita). Bishop Fusi consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Clement Alfio Sgroi Marchese on 26 May 1954 as Bishop of Sicily for The Mariavite Catholic Church in Italy. Bishop Marchese consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar Georgius (Hugh George de Willmott Newman) on 18 September 1954 as Patriarch of Glastonbury (and the 6th British Orthodox Patriarch). Mar Georgius consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Charles Dennis Boltwood on 6 July 1956 as Titular Bishop of Thorney and Auxiliary Bishop for London north of the Thames. Bishop Boltwood consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Archbishop Emmett Neil Enochs on 31 August 1958 at Los Angeles, California, as Archbishop of California, Primate of the United States for the Free Protestant Episcopal Church and Titular Missionary Bishop in The Catholic Apostolic Church, assisted by Rev'd Frederick C. King, Ph.D., Rev'd Karla King, and Rev'd Marshall Ho'o. Archbishop Enochs consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Frederick Charles King on 19 May 1963 for the Old Roman Catholic Church. Bishop King consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Paul Christian G. W. Schultz on 18 May 1975, assisted by Bishop George A. Lyman (American Orthodox Catholic Church). Bishop Schultz consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Karl Julius Barwin Primate, The Evangelical Catholic Church. Bishop Karl J. Barwin did consecrated to the episcopate on May 12, 1990 George Augustus Stallings, Jr. - Patriarch and Archbishop of the African American Catholic Congregation, who consecrated

16 Carlos Enrique Harvin - Bishop in 1996 for the African American Catholic Congregation. Bishop Harvin consecrated on January 18, 2004: Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. - Presiding Bishop and Exarch of the Apostolic Society of Franciscan Communities (Order of Servant Franciscans of the Immaculata) Biship Mariae consecrated on April 22 nd, 2006: James M Long United States Old Catholic Church. Bishop Long consecrated on December 10 th, 2016: Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church SUCCESSION II Archbishop Gerardus Gul, consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1909: Jean Marie Michel Kowaleski in Utrecht, Holland, on 5 October 1909 as Bishop for the Polish Catholic Church of the Mariavites. Bishop Kowalski consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate, in 1939: Marco Marie Paul Fatome, who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Helmut Norbert Mass, who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Henryk Marciniak, who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Jakob Rokitta, who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate, sub-conditione: Salomâo Ferraz Who consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate in 1951: Manoel Ceia Laranjeira Who consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate: Viktor Ivan Busà Who consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate: Frederick Charles King Who sub-conditionally consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate: Emile Federico Rodriguez y Durand (Fairfield) Who consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate in 1990: George Augustus Stallings (African-American Catholic Congregation) Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1996 Carlos Enrique Harvin (African-American Catholic Congregation) Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 2004

17 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. The Apostolic Society of Franciscan Communities Who consecrated to the Episcopate in 2006 James M Long United States Old Catholic Church Who consecrated to the Episcopate in 2016 Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church

18 The Apostolic Succession from The Old Roman Catholic Church of Utrecht The Diocese of Utrecht, Holland, was founded in AD 722 by St. Willibrord. The right of the Chapter of Utrecht to elect the bishop of The Diocese was recognized in AD In AD 1520 the Bishop of Utrecht was given the right to adjudicate matters in his diocese without appeal or recourse to Rome. In AD 1559, when the war with France had ended, Philip II of Spain, the hereditary ruler of the Netherlands, persuaded the Pope to elevate The See of Utrecht to an archbishopric, with five new dioceses under it (Haarlem, Deventer, Groningen, Leeuwarden and Middelburg). Having survived the Calvinist Reformation in Holland as an underground Church, the Dutch Roman Catholic faithful were suddenly subjected to the political ambitions and maneuverings of the Jesuits, who fought to have Rome declare The See of Utrecht a missionary district under their control. At first failing in this battle to gain control of The Church in Holland, the Jesuits adopted a new tactic in AD 1691 by accusing + Peter Codde, The Archbishop of Utrecht, of espousing the so-called heresy of Jansenism. Although the Archbishop was eventually proved innocent of heresy, Pope Innocent XII tried to appease the Jesuits by suspending and deposing him in AD No mention was made of any reason for the deposition. Even a Papal canonist, Hyacinth de Archangelis, issued a formal opinion that a Vicar-Apostolic with the rights of an Ordinary (as +Codde undoubtedly was) could not be arbitrarily deposed. Two Dutch Catholic Chapters (Utrecht and Haarlem) naturally decided not to recognize this irregular, if not illegal, act. The battle was over local autonomy in a collegial Church versus Papal supremacy. When the Papacy appointed +Theodore de Cock as Pro-Vicar-Apostolic of The United Provinces, in the place of Archbishop Peter Codde (deposed), the Chapters of Utrecht and Haarlem further decided not to recognize his authority on the ground that The Patriarch of Rome had no canonical authority to deprive even a Vicar- Apostolic, much less an Archbishop, without trial and condemnation. At the same time the Calvinist government decided that it would prefer a Catholic Church controlled by Dutch Catholics to a Catholic Church controlled by Rome. The government, therefore, issued a decree forbidding + de Cock to exercise any jurisdiction over Roman Catholics in Holland. Later, after accusing the Dutch government of being bribed by the secular clergy loyal to The Archbishop (+Codde), +de Cock was banished from Holland and fled to Rome. Rome countered by placing the Dutch Church under an Inhibition, prohibiting all Bishops from performing any episcopal acts in Holland. At this point the battle between Utrecht and Rome was not doctrinal, but the results of Jesuit intrigue and their desire to firmly establish the Papacy as an absolute monarchy. Had Archbishop Codde continued to exercise his authority as The Archbishop of Utrecht, while appealing his uncanonical suspension as Vicar-Apostolic (as Vicar-Apostolic he had diocesan jurisdiction wherever there was no Bishop or Chapter; metropolitan jurisdiction in the other dioceses), the course of Church history may well have seen the defeat of the Jesuit sponsored Ultramontane movement. Unfortunately, +Codde not only protested his suspension but also retired from the exercise of his office. His jurisdiction thus reverted to the Chapters and his people were left without episcopal protection and governance. It was the position of the Chapter of Utrecht that: Both the Province and Diocese of Utrecht, with all their ancient and canonical rights and privileges, still existed. (The Chapter of Utrecht was formally recognized on many occasions by Papal Nuncios even after this date.) The Vicariate instituted by Archbishop Philip Rovenius on 9 June 1633 was the canonical reconstitution of the ancient Chapter of Utrecht and possessed all the rights of the Chapter, including the right to elect the Archbishop of Utrecht. (All nominations made hereafter by this Chapter were, in fact, accepted by Rome, including that of Archbishop Codde.) Later archbishops, from + Vosmeer to + Codde, were not only Vicars-Apostolic of the Roman See, but also Archbishops of Utrecht, the true canonical successors of St. Willibrord.

19 On 25 May 1717, five doctors of the theological faculty of the University of Louvain publicly sided with the Archepiscopal See of Utrecht by stating that the Church of Utrecht had not been reduced to the status of a mere mission, that the Chapter of Utrecht had survived, and that the Vicariate established by + Rovenius was the ancient Chapter of Utrecht. Later, 102 doctors of theology at the University of Paris, together with the whole law faculty, publicly agreed with the doctors of Louvain. As a result of the support of the theology faculties of two French universities, three French Bishops (Soanen of Senez, Lorraine of Bayeux, and Caumartin of Blois) declared that they were ready to ordain priests for the Chapter of Utrecht, and actually did so. Upon the death, in AD 1710, of + Peter Codde, the deposed Archbishop of Utrecht, the Cathedral Chapter (exercising its historically recognized right) elected a successor. No Bishop, however, could be found who would ignore the Pope's Inhibition by consecrating the Archbishop-elect. The Church of Holland continued to send Her candidates for the priesthood out of the country for ordination by foreign Bishops; Her children, without a diocesan Ordinary, were left unconfirmed. At this point the Jesuits and Rome sought and anxiously anticipated the total capitulation of the autocephalous Dutch Church. A turning point in the Dutch Church's struggle with Rome came in AD 1719 when + Dominique Maria Varlet, former missionary priest in The Louisiana Territory in North America, stopped in Amsterdam for a few days on his way to his new post in Persia. A local Dutch priest, Father Jacob Krys, begged the new Bishop to confirm 604 orphans and other poor children as an act of charity, which he did. He then continued his journey to Persia, arriving at his residence at Schamake (now Shemakh near Baku in the Republic of Azerbaijan) on 9 October On 26 March 1720, the Bishop of Babylon was presented with a formal Notice of Suspension from his office, sent by the Bishop of Ispahan by order of the Congregation de Propaganda Fide, and delivered by a Jesuit priest (Fr. Bachou) because of the confirmations in Amsterdam. Like the late Archbishop Codde, Bishop Varlet elected not to remain in office while fighting the Papal action. After careful consideration and prayer, the good Bishop immediately left Persia and returned to Amsterdam, where he settled permanently. The Chapter of Utrecht had meanwhile repeatedly attempted to get the Pope to allow the election and consecration of an archbishop; Pope Innocent XIII ignored their petitions. The Chapter next turned to the leading canon lawyers of the day. They were told that the Chapter had the canonical right to elect their archbishop and get him consecrated without the consent of the Pope (recent precedents in both France and Portugal supported this position). Nineteen doctors of the theological faculty of the Sorbonne (University of Paris), and others from Nantes, Rheims, Padua, and Louvain, gave their agreement to this position, as well as assuring the Chapter that in the case of necessity one bishop alone might preside at the consecration. With the approval of the government, the Chapter met at The Hague on 27 April 1723 and, after a Mass of The Holy Spirit, elected, with all the canonical forms, Cornelius Steenoven to be Archbishop of Utrecht. Although Fr. Steenoven was elected as the candidate likely to be the least objectionable to Rome, the Pope refused to answer the Chapter's request to permit his consecration. The Chapter finally begged the Bishop of Babylon to consecrate their candidate. He consented. The government also consented to this the first consecration of an Archbishop of Utrecht since the Reformation. Thus at 6:00am on Pentecost XX, 15 October 1724, Cornelius van Steenoven was consecrated in the presence of the whole Chapter by the Bishop of Babylon in Amsterdam to be the seventh Archbishop of Utrecht and canonical successor of St. Willibrord. The Bishop of Babylon was called upon by The Chapter to consecrate four archbishops for the See of Utrecht before his death on 14 May 1742 at The Hague. The clergy ordained in the Ultrajectine (Old Catholic) Succession are recognised as being in fullcommunion with the Anglican/Episcopal Church and with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, under the Bonn Accord. Such clergy may serve as Canon 9 supply clergy in the Episcopal Church with permission from the local ordinary.

20 OLD CATHOLIC ULTRAJECTINE SUCCESSION I through Archbishop William Montgomery Brown Archbishop Gerard Gul (Old Catholic Church of Utrecht), assisted by Bishop Johannes Jacobus van Thiel and Bishop Nicholas Bartholomaeus Petrus Spit (both with The Old Catholic Church of Utrecht) and Bishop Josef Demmel (Old Catholic Church in Germany), consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Archbishop-Primate Arnold Harris Mathew on 28 April 1908 as Archbishop of London and Primate of the Old Catholic Church in England. Archbishop Mathew consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Rudolf Franziskus Eduard de Landas Berghes et de Rache on 29 June 1913 as Missionary Bishop for Scotland. In 1916 Prince de Landas Berghes became Archbishop-Primate of The National Catholic Church in North America. Archbishop de Landas Berghes et de Rache consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop William Henry Francis Brothers on 3 October 1916 for The Old Roman Catholic Church. In 1917 Bishop Brothers became Archbishop and Metropolitan of The Old Catholic Church in America. Archbishop Brothers consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop William Montgomery Brown on 24 June 1925, assisted by Bishop Jozef Zielonka (Polish Old Catholic Church of America) and Bishop Albert Jehan (Bishop of Chicago, the Old Catholic Church in America). Bishop Brown consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Wallace David de Ortega Maxey on 2 January 1927, assisted by Bishop Jozef Zielonka (Polish Old Catholic Church of America), Bishop Albert Jehan (Bishop of Chicago, the Old Catholic Church in America), and Archbishop William Henry Francis Brothers (Primate, the Old Catholic Church in America). Archbishop de Ortega Maxey consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Archbishop Nils Bertil Alexander Persson Archbishop of Scandinavia, Igreja Catolica Apostolica Brasileira assisted by Abp. Emile Federico Rodriguez y Fairfield, Abp. Paul G. W. Schultz, Bishop Christopher Rogers, Bishop Carroll Lowery, Exarch Howard D. van Orden, Archbishop Arthur Garrow, Bishop Petros (Eric Veloso), Bishop Michael Marshal Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 5 August 1989: Bishop Karl Julius Barwin Primate, The Evangelical Catholic Church. Bishop Karl J. Barwin did consecrated to the episcopate on May 12, 1990 George Augustus Stallings, Jr. - Patriarch and Archbishop of the African American Catholic Congregation, who consecrated Carlos Enrique Harvin - Bishop in 1996 for the African American Catholic Congregation. Bishop Harvin consecrated on January 18, 2004 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. - Presiding Bishop and Exarch of the Apostolic Society of Franciscan Communities and the Emergent Catholic Church (Congregational Catholic Churches) Bishop Mariae consecrated on April 22 nd, 2006:

21 James M Long United States Old Catholic Church. Bishop Long consecrated on December 10 th, 2016 Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church

22 ULTRAJECTINE SUCCESSION II Cardinal Antonio Barberini, nephew of Pope Urban VIII, was consecrated in AD 1655 (by the order of Pope Alexander VII) by Monsignore Scannarola (Bishop of Sidonia), assisted by Monsignore Botini (Domestic Prelate of the Pope), and Monsignore Laurenzio Gavotti (Bishop of Ventimiglia), as Bishop of Frascati. In AD 1657 Bishop Barberini became Archbishop of Rheims; in AD 1661 he became Bishop of Palestrina. Cardinal Barberini consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1668 Bishop Charles Maurice Le Tellier, Duke, son of the Grand Chancellor of France, as Co-Adjutor Bishop. Archbishop Le Tellier consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1670 Bishop James Benigne Bossuet Bishop Bossuet consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1673 Bishop James Coydon de Matignon Bishop de Matignon, by order of Pope Clement XI, consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1719 Bishop Dominique Maria Varlet as Bishop of Ascalon in partibus and Co-Adjutor to the Bishop of Babylon, Persia, on 12 February 1719 in The Chapel attached to the House of the Fathers of Foreign Missions at Paris, assisted by the Co-Adjutor Bishop of Quebec and the Bishop of Claremont. Bishop Varlet consecrated four Archbishops of Utrecht; three died without consecrating successors. The continued existence of the autocephalous Old Roman Catholic Church of Holland was assured when Bishop Varlet consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1739: Archbishop Petrus Johannes Meindaerts as the tenth Archbishop of Utrecht. Archbishop Meindaerts consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Johannes van Stiphout as the fourth Bishop of Haarlem on 11 July Bishop Stiphout consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Archbishop Walter Michael van Nieuwenhuisen as the eleventh Archbishop of Utrecht on Sexagesima Sunday, 7 February Archbishop Nieuwenhuisen consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Adrian Johannes Broekman, President of the Amersfoort Seminary, on Pentecost II Sunday, 21 June 1778, as Bishop of Haarlem. Bishop Broekman consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Archbishop Johannes Jacobus van Rhijn as the twelfth Archbishop of Utrecht on 5 July Archbishop van Rhijn consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Gisbertus de Jong as the fifth Bishop of Deventer on 7 November Bishop de Jong consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Archbishop Willibrord van Os as the thirteenth Archbishop of Utrecht on 24 April Archbishop van Os consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Johannes Bon as the seventh Bishop of Haarlem on 25 April He was the first Bishop of the autocephalous Dutch succession not to be excommunicated by Rome. Bishop Bon consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Archbishop Johannes van Santen, as fourteenth Archbishop of Utrecht on the Sunday within the Octave of St. Willibrord, 13 November 1825, in The Cathedral of St. Gertrude in Utrecht. Archbishop van Santen consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Hermann Heykamp as seventh Bishop of Deventer on 17 July Bishop Heykamp consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate:

23 Bishop Gaspardus Johannes Rinkel as the tenth Bishop of Haarlem and Bishop Josef Hubert Reinkens as the first Bishop of The Old Catholic Church in Germany (Bonn) on 11 August 1873 in the Church of St. Lawrence and St. Mary Magdalene at Rotterdam. This is the first time that the formal proofs of election were read during the Mass of Consecration instead of the Papal Mandate; it is also the first time that the new Bishops did not notify Rome of their consecrations. Bishop Rinkel consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Archbishop Gerardus Gul, parish priest of Hilversum, as the seventeenth Archbishop of Utrecht, on 11 May Archbishop Gul consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Arnold Harris Matthew on April 28, 1908 to serve as the First Old Catholic Bishop of Britain. Who consecrated and raised to The Sacred Episcopate: Prince Rudolph Francis de Landas-Berghes Who consecrated and raised to The Sacred Episcopate in 1916: Carmel Henry Carfora, OFM Who consecrated and raised to The Sacred Episcopate in 1921 Samuel Durlin Benedict Who consecrated and raised to The Sacred Episcopate in 1925 George David Basil Quinn Who consecrated and raised to The Sacred Episcopate in 1948 Robert Boris Varlette Marshall Who consecrated and raised to The Sacred Episcopate in 1957 Gregory David Michael Voris Who consecrated and raised to The Sacred Episcopate in 1980 Richard M. Bridges Who consecrated and raised to The Sacred Episcopate in 1990 George Augustus Stallings (African-American Catholic Congregation) Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1996 Carlos Enrique Harvin (African-American Catholic Congregation) Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 2004 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. (Apostolic Society of Franciscan Communities) Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 2006: James M Long (United States Old Catholic Church) Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 2016: Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church

24 ULTRAJECTINE SUCCESSION III Through Archbishop Carmel Henry Carfora Archbishop Rudolf Franziskus Eduard de Landas Berghes et de Rache, consecrated on 29 June 1913 by Archbishop-Primate Arnold Harris Mathew (Old Catholic Church in England) as Missionary Bishop for Scotland, consecrated s.c. to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Carmel Henry Carfora in the Chapel of St. Dunstan's Abbey in Waukegan, Illinois, assisted by Bishop William Henry Francis Brothers, on 4 October 1916 as Archbishop of Canada. Bishop Carfora consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Edwin Wallace Hunter, on 11 February 1924, assisted by Bishop Franciszek Viktor Maximillian Kanski (American Catholic Church) as Regionary Bishop for the U.S.A. and Canada for The North American Old Roman Catholic Church. Bishop Hunter consecrated s.c. to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Wallace David de Ortega Maxey on 24 May 1929, assisted by Bishop Samuel Gregory Lines (Apostolic Christian Church) and Bishop Francis John Barwell Walker (American Catholic Church). Archbishop de Ortega Maxey consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Archbishop Nils Bertil Alexander Persson as Primate of The Apostolic Episcopal Church on 7 November 1986, assisted by Archbishop Robert Ronald Ramm (Apostolic Episcopal Catholic Church). Archbishop Persson also serves as the Missionary General for Scandinavia and All Europe for both the Iglesia Filipina Independiente (Philippine Independent Catholic Church, confirmed 15 June 1988; this is a member jurisdiction of The Anglican Communion) and the Igreja Católica Apostólica Brasiliera (Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church, confirmed 14 June 1987). Archbishop Persson consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Karl J. Barwin as Primate of The Evangelical Catholic Church on 5 August 1989, assisted by Archbishop Emile Federico Rodrigues y Fairfield (Iglesia Ortodoxa Catolica Apostolica Mexicana), Bishop Carroll T. Lowery (The Apostolic Episcopal Church), Archbishop Arthur J. Garrow (The Archiepiscopate Ordinariate of Healing Arts Missionaries & Chaplains in America) and Bishop Howard D. van Orden (Order of St. Jude; Archbishop of Albuquerque and Dependencies, The Philippine Independent Catholic Church in The Americas), each assisting, coöperating and co-consecrating by laying on hands and uttering all the words of consecration. Assisting in this consecration as Co- Consecrators were Archbishop Paul Christian Gerald W. Schultz (Archbishop of Los Angeles and Administrator of The Philippine Independent Catholic Church in The Americas), Bishop Petros (Eric Tan Ong Veloso, Orthodox Catholic Church in The Philippines), Bishop Christopher J. Rogers (Suffragan Bishop of Los Angeles, The Philippine Independent Catholic Church in The Americas), and Bishop Marciel (Michael Marshall, Orthodox Old Catholic Church). Bishop Karl J. Barwin did consecrated to the episcopate on May 12, 1990 George Augustus Stallings, Jr. - Patriarch and Archbishop of the African American Catholic Congregation, who consecrated Carlos Enrique Harvin - Bishop in 1996 for the African American Catholic Congregation. Bishop Harvin consecrated on January 18, 2004 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. - Presiding Bishop and Exarch of the Apostolic Society of Franciscan Communities (Order of Servant Franciscans of the Immaculata) Bishop Mariae consecrated on April 22 nd, 2006

25 James M Long (United States Old Catholic Church). Bishop Long consecrated on December 10 th, 2016 Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church

26 The Apostolic Succession from The Church of England & The Protestant Episcopal Church in the U.S.A. The Church of England was planted in North America in 1607, at the foundation of the Jamestown Colony. It achieved quasi-establishment in Maryland and Virginia, and was "tolerated" in the other colonies, with the exception of New England, where the few Anglicans living there were bitterly persecuted and harassed. The foundation for control of the Church by the laity (congregational form of polity) was firmly laid at this time. The appointment of clergy to serve parishes was almost totally in the hands of the laity who refused to allow priests a title to the benefits of their office which appointment/installation would allow, but preferred to pay Chaplains whom they could "fire" at will. This resulted in the ranks of the clergy being filled with very unworthy men and reduced the priest to the position of being an hireling/employee of the laity, consequently resulting in the laity's contempt. As there were no resident bishops in North America, the Anglican parishes here were under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of London, who governed them by means of commissaries. The power of the laity was so strong, however, and the class of men willing to serve as hirelings rather than priests so inferior, that the spiritual state of Anglicanism in the American colonies was very weak. At the close of The War of Independence, Episcopalians, as they were then commonly called, realized that The Church must have a national organization if it was to prosper and grow. The biggest obstacle to creating a National Church was the lack of a national hierarchy. In Connecticut, the former Congregational converts to Anglicanism considered a bishop to be of absolute necessity. The Connecticut clergy therefore elected the Rev'd Samuel Seabury as their Bishop and gave him the mandate to go abroad and obtain valid Apostolic Orders. The Anglican Bishops in England could not by law consecrate any one who would not take the Oath of Allegiance to the Monarch of the Realm, however. It would have been impossible, therefore, for Bishop-elect Seabury to return to America if he had received consecration as a British subject who had sworn allegiance to the King of England. With the refusal of the English bishops to bestow episcopal consecration, Fr. Seabury proceeded to Scotland. After prolonged negotiations with the Nonjuring bishops of Scotland, he finally obtained their consent to confer Apostolic Succession upon him. The Nonjuring Bishops of Scotland were the remnant of the Church which the Stuarts had endeavored to establish in Scotland but which had lost the protection of the State as well as all Church endowments by remaining supporters of James II. The average Scotsman considered them to be almost as obnoxious as Roman Catholics and certainly just as dangerous. The Nonjuring Bishops of Scotland were extremely High Church. They abandoned the Calvinistic doctrine of the Holy Eucharist espoused in The 39 Articles of The Church of England and returned to the "Lutheran" doctrine of the 1549 Articles. They used Holy Chrism in Confirmation, were considered firm believers in the sacerdotal character of the Holy Priesthood, and adamant in the necessity of Apostolic Succession and Episcopal Ordination. Dr. Seabury was consecrated by the Nonjuring Bishops on 14 November Immediately after his consecration to the office and work of Bishop, he signed a Concordat with the Nonjurors (on 15 Nov. 1784) agreeing to introduce the liturgical and doctrinal beliefs and practices of the Nonjurors into the Episcopal Church in Connecticut. He specifically promised to persuade the American Church to use the Prayer of Consecration taken largely unchanged by The Episcopal Church of Scotland from the 1549 Book of Common Prayer. Upon his return to Connecticut he organized and governed his Diocese according to the doctrine and practice of his Consecrators. The "children" were no longer allowed to rule and control The Church. Bishop Seabury governed and ruled the Episcopal Church in Connecticut according to Biblical and ancient canonical practices; the laity was excluded from all deliberations, ecclesiastical councils and control of ecclesiastical affairs. In effect, Bishop Seabury is the Father of

27 the traditional High Church party within PECUSA, marked by evangelical piety united with high sacramental ideals.

28 In stark contrast to the understanding of The Church adopted by Bishop Seabury in Connecticut, a very non- Catholic and non-historic view of Church polity was adopted in New York, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Dr. William White, Rector of Christ Church, believed that the Episcopal Church must assent to and adopt the secular, non-biblical principle of "representative government." He was even willing to employ the practice of Presbyterian Ordination until such time as a valid Apostolic Succession could be obtained from The Church of England. Surprisingly, Presbyterian Ordination found little favor among the Faithful of Pennsylvania. Fortunately an Act was passed in the English Parliament allowing English bishops to confer the Episcopacy upon men not subject to the British Crown. Consequently, Dr. William White (Bishop- Elect of Pennsylvania) and Dr. Samuel Provoost (Bishop-Elect of New York) were consecrated at the hands of the 88th Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. John Moore, on Septuagesima Sunday, 4 February Upon the return of Bishops White and Provoost to the United States, there were so many differences between the Connecticut Church and that of the Middle and Southern States, that a merger or union could not be immediately effected. When Dr. James Madison was elected to be Bishop of Virginia, he was forced to go to England to be consecrated since Bishop Provost of New York (perhaps the Father of what later came to be known as the Broad Church party within PECUSA) refused to act in conjunction with the Bishop of Connecticut. (Bishop White might be considered the Father of the Evangelical party within PECUSA, with its belief in the desirability -- rather than the necessity -- of Apostolic Succession and its desire to closely coöperate with all other churches of the Reformation.) The foundation for differing doctrines of The Church were already evident at this early time within The Protestant Episcopal Church. The union was finally cemented in 1792, when Dr. Thomas John Claggert was elected Bishop of Maryland. There were now three "valid" Anglican bishops in the U.S.A. (excluding Dr. Seabury). Bishop Provoost of New York therefore withdrew his objections to allowing Dr. Seabury to participate in Dr. Claggert's consecration. Had Bishop Seabury not been invited to participate in the consecration of Dr. Claggert, the result would have been a schism between Connecticut and the other States. ANGLICAN SUCCESSION I POPE ST. NICHOLAS I (consecrated in 858) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate in 864: FORMOSUS (Bishop of Porto; Pope 891) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate in 891: St. PLEGMUND (as Archbishop of Canterbury) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate in 909: ALTHELM (as Bishop of Wells; 914 Canterbury) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate 914: WULFHELM (as Bishop of Wells; 923 Canterbury) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate in 927: ODO (as Bishop of Ramsbury; 942 Canterbury)

29 Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate in 957: ST. DUNSTAN (as Bishop of Worcester; 960 Canterbury) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate in 984: ST. AELPHEGE (as Bishop of Winchester; 1005 Canterbury) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate in 990: ELFRIC (as Bishop of Ramsbury; 995 Canterbury) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate in 1003: WULFSTAN (as Bishop of Worcester and York) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 13 November 1020: ETHELNOTH (as Archbishop of Canterbury) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate in 1035: EADSIGE (as Bishop of St. Martin's, Canterbury; 1038 Archbishop of Canterbury) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 3 April 1043: STIGAND (as Bishop of Elmham; 1052 Canterbury) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate in 1058: SIWARD (as Bishop of Rochester) assisting William, Bishop of London and Giso, Bishop of Wells (consecrated 15 April 1061 by Pope Nicholas II) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 29 September 1070 BL. LANFRANC (as Archbishop of Canterbury) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate in 1070: THOMAS (as Archbishop of York) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 4 December 1094: ST. ANSELM (as Archbishop of Canterbury) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 26 July 1108: RICHARD de BELMEIS (as Bishop of London) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 18 February 1123: WILLIAM of CORBEUIL (as Archbishop of Canterbury) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 17 November 1129: HENRY of BLOIS (as Bishop of Winchester)

30 Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 3 June 1162: ST. THOMAS BECKET (as Archbishop of Canterbury) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 23 August 1164: ROGER of GLOUCESTER (as Bishop of Worcester) assisting Gilbert Foliot, Bishop of London Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 7 November 1176:

31 PETER de LEIA (as Bishop of St. David's, Wales) assisting Baldwin, Archbishop of Canterbury John Cumin, Archbishop of Dublin Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 29 September 1185: GILBERT GLANVILLE (as Bishop of Rochester) assisting Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury Bernard, Archbishop of Ragusa (consecrated 19 November 1189 by Pope Clement III) Philip of Poictou, Bishop of Durham (consecrated 20 April 1197 by Pope Celestine III) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 23 May 1199: WILLIAM de SAINTE MERE L'EGLISE (as Bishop of London) assisting Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury (consecrated 17 June 1207 by Pope Innocent III) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 5 October 1214: WALTER de GRAY (as Bishop of Worcester; 1216 Archbishop of York) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 5 December 1249: WALTER KIRKHAM (as Bishop of Durham) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 7 February 1255: HENRY (as Bishop of Whithern) assisting William Wickwane, Archbishop of York (consecrated 17 September 1279 by Pope Nicholas III) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 9 January 1284: ANTHONY BECK (as Bishop of Durham; 1306 Patriarch of Jerusalem) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 14 September 1292: JOHN of HALTON (as Bishop of Carlisle) assisting Thomas Cobham, Bishop of Worcester Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 27 June 1322: ROGER NORTHBOROUGH (as Bishop of Lichfield) assisting Henry Burghersh, Bishop of Lincoln Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 15 July 1330: ROBERT WYVIL (as Bishop of Salisbury) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 12 March 1340: RALPH STRATFORD (as Bishop of London) assisting John Stratford, Archbishop of Canterbury

32 Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 15 May 1346: WILLIAM EDENDON (as Bishop of Winchester) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 20 March 1362:

33 SIMON SUDBURY (as Bishop of London; 1375 Archbishop of Canterbury) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 12 May 1370: THOMAS BRENTINGHAM (as Bishop of Exeter) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 5 January 1382: ROBERT BRAYBROOKE (as Bishop of London) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 3 February 1398: ROGER WALDEN (as Archbishop of Canterbury) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 14 July 1398: HENRY BEAUFORT (as Bishop of Lincoln; 1405 Bishop of Winchester) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 15 May 1435: THOMAS BOURCHIER (as Bishop of Worcester; 1443 Ely, 1454 Canterbury) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 31 January 1479: JOHN MORTON (as Bishop of Ely; 1486 Canterbury) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 21 May 1497: RICHARD FITZJAMES (as Bishop of Rochester; 1503 Chichester; 1506 London) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 25 September 1502: WILLIAM WARHAM (as Bishop of London; 1503 Cant) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 15 May 1521: JOHN LONGLANDS (as Bishop of Lincoln) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 30 March 1533: THOMAS CRANMER (as Archbishop of Canterbury) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate in June 1536: WILLIAM BARLOW (as Bishop of St. David's, Wales; 1549 Bath; 1559 Chichester) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 17 December 1559: MATTHEW PARKER (as Archbishop of Canterbury) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 21 December 1559:

34 EDMUND GRINDAL (as Bishop of London; 1570 York; 1576 Canterbury) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 21 April 1577: JOHN WHITGIFT (as Bishop of Worcester; 1583 Canterbury) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 8 May 1597: RICHARD BANCROFT (as Bishop of London; 1604 Canterbury) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 3 December 1609: GEORGE ABBOT (as Bishop of Lichfield; 1610 London; 1611 Canterbury) assisted by Marc Anthonio de Dominis, (Dean of Windsor and former Roman Abp. of Spolatro & Primate of Dalmatia) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 14 December 1617: GEORGE MONTAIGNE (as Bishop of Lincoln; 1621 London; 1628 Durham; 1628 York) assisted by John Howson (Bishop of Oxford) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 18 November 1621: BL. WILLIAM LAUD (as Bishop of St. David's, Wales; 1626 Bath; 1628 London; 1633 Canterbury) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 17 June 1638: BRIAN DUPPA (as Bishop of Chichester; 1641 Salisbury; 1660 Winchester) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 28 October 1660 (see note 5): GILBERT SHELDON (as Bishop of London; 1663 Canterbury) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 6 December 1674: HENRY COMPTON (as Bishop of Oxford; 1675 London) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 27 January 1678: WILLIAM SANCROFT (as Archbishop of Canterbury) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 25 October 1685: THOMAS WHITE (as Bishop of Peterborough, who was deposed in 1690 as a non-juror) Under Royal Warrant from the exiled King James II Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 24 February 1693: GEORGE HICKES (as Bishop of Thetford) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 24 February 1712:

35 JAMES GADDERAR (consecrated without a See because of penal conditions; later Bp. of Aberdeen and Moray) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 4 June 1727: THOMAS RATTRAY (as Bishop of Dunkold) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate in 1741: WILLIAM FALCONAR (as Bishop of Ross and Caithness) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 21 September 1768: ROBERT KILGOUR (as Bishop of Aberdeen) assisted by Bishop Coadjutor John Skinner (Aberdeen) & Bishop Arthur Petrie (Ross & Caithness) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 14 November 1784: SAMUEL SEABURY (as Bishop of Connecticut) assisted by Bishop William White, Bishop Samuel Provoost and Bishop James Madison Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 17 September 1792: THOMAS JOHN CLAGGETT (as Bishop of Maryland) assisted by Bishop William White and Bishop Samuel Provoost Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 7 May 1797: EDWARD BASS (as Bishop of Massachusetts) assisted by Bishop William White and Bishop Samuel Provoost Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 18 October 1797: ABRAHAM JARVIS (as Bishop of Connecticut) assisted by Bishop William White and Bishop Samuel Provoost Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 29 May 1811: ALEXANDER VIETS GRISWOLD (as Bishop of the Eastern Diocese) assisted by Bishop William White and Bishop Nathaniel Bowen Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 31 October 1832: JOHN HENRY HOPKINS (as Bishop of Vermont) assisted by Bishop Benjamin B. Smith and Bishop Lee Henry Washington Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 15 November 1866:

36 GEORGE DAVID CUMMINS (as Assistant Bishop of Kentucky) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 14 December 1873: CHARLES EDWARD CHENEY (for the Reformed Episcopal Church) assisted by Bishop George David Cummins Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 24 February 1876: WILLIAM RUFUS NICHOLSON (Reformed Episcopal Church) assisted by Bishop Samuel Fallows Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 22 June 1879: ALFRED SPENCER RICHARDSON (Reformed Episcopal Church) assisting Bishop Charles Isaac Stevens (2 nd Patriarch, The Ancient British Church) Consecrated sub conditione to The Sacred Episcopate on 4 May 1890: LEON CHECHEMIAN (as Mar Leon, Abp. of Selsey; sometime Armenian Uniate Titular Bishop of Malatia) assisted by Bp. James Martin (Abp. of Caerleon-upon-Usk) Bp. Frederick Boucher & Bp. George W. L. Maaers (Iglesia Española Reformada Episcopal) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 2 November 1897: ANDREW CHARLES ALBERT McLAGEN (as Titular Bishop of Claremont) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 4 June 1922: HERBERT JAMES MONZANI HEARD (as Mar Jacobus II, Archbishop of Selsey; 1930 Primate, Free Protestant Episcopal Church) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 13 June 1943: WILLIAM BERNARD CROW Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Wisdom (as Mar Bernard, Bishop of Santa Sophia) (17 October 1943: Mar Basilius Abdullah III, Sovereign Prince Patriarch of Antioch) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 10 April 1944: HUGH GEORGE de WILLMOTT NEWMAN (as Mar Georgius I, Metropolitan of Glastonbury and Catholicos of the West) assisted by Abp. John Sebastian Marlow Ward (Archbishop of Olivet) Bishop Richard Kenneth Hurgon (Titular Bishop of Mere [Somerset]) Bishop John Syer (Mar John, Bishop of Verulam) Bishop Charles Leslie Saul (Mar Leofric, Archbishop of Suthronia in the Eparchy of All the Britons) Bishop Francis Ernest Langhelt (Mar Francis, Bishop of Minster) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 6 June 1946:

37 WALLACE DAVID de ORTEGA MAXEY (as Mar David I, Patriarch of Malaga, Apostolic Primate of all the Iberians, & Supreme Hierarch of the Catholicate of the West in the Americas) assisted by Abp. Robert Ronald Ramm (Archbishop-Primate, The Apostolic Episcopal Catholic Church) Consecrated sub conditione to The Sacred Episcopate on 7 November 1986: NILS BERTIL ALEXANDER PERSSON (as Primate of The Apostolic Episcopal Church) assisted by Archbishop Emile Federico Rodriguez y Fairfield, Bishop Carroll T. Lowery, Archbishop Arthur J. Garrow, Archbishop Paul G. W. Schultz, Bishop Howard D. van Orden, Bishop Petros (Eric Tan Ong Veloso), Bishop Christopher J. Rogers & Exarch Marciel (Michael Marshall) Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 5 August 1989: KARL JULIUS BARWIN (Primate, The Evangelical Catholic Church) Bishop Karl J. Barwin did consecrated to the episcopate on May 12, 1990 George Augustus Stallings, Jr. - Patriarch and Archbishop of the African American Catholic Congregation, who consecrated Carlos Enrique Harvin - Bishop in 1996 for the African American Catholic Congregation. Bishop Harvin consecrated on January 18, 2004 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. - Presiding Bishop and Exarch of the Apostolic Society of Franciscan Communities (Order of Servant Franciscans of the Immaculata). Bishop Mariae consecrated on April 22 nd, 2006 James M Long (United States Old Catholic Church). Bishop Long consecrated on December 10 th, 2016 Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church

38 ANGLICAN SUCESSION II John Moore ( ) (Archbishop of Canterbury, 1783) assisted by William Markham (Abp. of York), Bp. Charles Moss & Bp. John Hinchliffe Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 4 February 1787: William White ( ) (Presiding Bishop, PECUSA: 1789, ) assisted by Bishop Henry Hobart, Bishop James Kemp, Bishop John Croes & Bishop Nathaniel Brown Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 25 October 1827: Henry Ustick Onderdonk ( ) (Bishop of Pennsylvania) assisted by Bishop George Washington Doane & Bishop Jackson Kemper Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 7 July 1836: Samuel Allen McCoskry ( ) (First PECUSA Bishop of Michigan) assisted by Bishop George Thurston Bedell, Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple, Bishop Joseph Cruikshank Talbot, Bishop Robert Harper Clarkson, Bishop John Franklin Spalding & Bishop George de Normandie Gillespie Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 6 December 1875: William Edward McLaren ( ) (Third PECUSA Bishop of Illinois) assisted by Bishop George F. Seymour & Bishop Cortlandt Whitehead Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 24 June 1898: William Montgomery Brown ( ) (PECUSA Bishop of Arkansas; Auxiliary Bp, Old Catholic Church in America) assisted by Archbishop William Henry Francis Brothers, Bishop Albert Jehan & Bishop Józef Zielonka Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 2 January 1927: Wallace David de Ortega Maxey ( ) (Retired Primate, Apostolic Episcopal Church in America) assisted by Archbishop Robert R. Ramm Consecrated sub conditione to The Sacred Episcopate on 7 November 1986: Nils Bertil Alexander Persson ( ) (Primate, The Apostolic Episcopal Church) assisted by Archbishop Emile Federico Rodriguez y Fairfield, Bishop Carroll T. Lowery, Archbishop Arthur J. Garrow, Archbishop Paul G. W. Schultz, Bishop Howard D. van Orden, Bishop Petros (Eric Tan Ong Veloso), Bishop Christopher J. Rogers & Exarch Marciel (Michael Marshall)

39 Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 5 August 1989: Karl Julius Barwin ( ) (Primate, The Evangelical Catholic Church) Bishop Karl J. Barwin did consecrated to the episcopate on May 12, 1990 George Augustus Stallings, Jr. - Patriarch and Archbishop of the African American Catholic Congregation, who consecrated Carlos Enrique Harvin - Bishop in 1996 for the African American Catholic Congregation. Bishop Harvin consecrated on January 18, 2004 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. - Presiding Bishop and Exarch of the Apostolic Society of Franciscan Communities (Order of Servant Franciscans of the Immaculata). Bishop Mariae consecrated on April 22 nd, 2006 James M Long Presiding Archbishop United States Old Catholic Church. Bishop Long consecrated on December 10 th, 2016 Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church

40 The Apostolic Succession from The Mexican National Catholic Church (Iglesia Ortodoxa Católica Apostólica Mexicana) Generalissimo Plutarco Elias Calles, President of Mexico ( ), and the Mexican government, with the intent of minimizing the great political influence and control then exercised by The Church of Rome and its Bishops in Mexico, desired to foster and encourage a native-based national Church which would not be subject to foreign interests and goals. Eventually the President formally requested Archbishop Carmel Henry Carfora (of the North American Old Roman Catholic Church) to consecrate bishops for Mexico and to thus help establish a National Church. On 17 October 1926 in Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A., Abp. Carfora consecrated: José Joaquin Pérez y Budar, Antonio Benicio López y Sierra, and Dr. Macario López y Valdes for this governmentsupported new national jurisdiction. Bp. José Joaquin Pérez y Budar became Primate and Patriarch of the Iglesia Ortodoxa Católica Apostólica Mexicana (also known as: The Mexican National Catholic Church, The Orthodox Catholic Apostolic Church of Mexico, or The Mexican Old Roman Catholic Church). Bp. Antonio Benicio López y Sierra was named Coädjutor and Dr. Macario López y Valdes (a doctor of Osteopathic Medicine in the United States) was consecrated as Bishop of Puebla de Zaragoza. This government-sponsored patriotic movement to establish a National, rather than foreign-controlled, Church was comparatively short-lived. Under the leadership of a Roman trained and ordained priest who had joined the National Church and been consecrated a Bishop of the Mexican National Church in 1961, the Iglesia Ortodoxa Católica Apostólica Mexicana united with a U.S. Orthodox jurisdiction. The leader of this movement, Bishop José Cortes y Olmas, was re-consecrated as Bishop-Exarch of the Mexican Exarchate of the Orthodox Church in America in 1972 at Holy Virgin Protection Cathedral in New York City. Most of the parishes not joining the Orthodox Church in America returned to The Church of Rome (including many extension parishes in Texas). Although three Bishops were consecrated to initiate the Mexican hierarchy, the "Nationalistas" (as they were often called), failed to replace The Church of Rome in Mexico and today only one remnant parish in Mexico and the East Los Angeles parish of Archbishop Emil F. Rodriquez y Fairfield remain. Unlike the Filipinos, the Mexicans demanded continued celibacy in their national independent Church and were unable to recruit new priests. MEXICAN NATIONAL CATHOLIC CHURCH SUCCESSION I Bishop Carmel Henry Carfora, OFM was consecrated in the Chapel of St. Dunstan's Abbey in Waukegan, Illinois, by Archbishop Rudolf Franziskus Eduard de Landas Berghes et de Rache assisted by Bishop William Henry Francis Brothers, on 4 October 1916 as Archbishop of Canada. In 1919 Abp. Carfora became Primate of The North American Old Roman Catholic Church. Abp. Carfora consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop José Macario López y Valdes on 17 October 1926 in Chicago, Illinois, as Bishop of Puebla de Zaragoza, Mexico, for the Iglesia Ortodoxa Católica Apostólica Mexicana. Bishop Valdes consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Alberto Luis Rodriguez y Durand on.27 March 1930 "Por Autoridad del Patriarca de la Iglesia Ortodoxa Catolica Apostolica Mexicana" in the Old Catholic Orthodox Church of St. Augustine of the Mystical Body of Christ in Lost Angeles, California, USA, as Bishop Ordinary of Los Angeles and Regionary Bishop in Alto California. Bp. Rodriguez y Durand consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate:

41 Bishop Emile Federico Rodriguez y Fairfield on 12 March 1955 in the Church of St. Augustine of the Mystical Body of Christ in Los Angeles, California, USA, as Bishop for Alta California. In 1983, with the death of Bp. José Cortes y Olmas, Bp. Rodriguez y Fairfield became the sole living possessor of episcopal orders from the Iglesia Ortodoxa Católica Apostólica Mexicana. On 13 September 1983 he was installed as the Archbishop/Primate of the Iglesia Ortodoxa Católica Apostólica Mexicana and head of the only remaining parish of that Church in East Los Angeles. Abp. Rodriguez y Fairfield consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1990: George Augustus Stallings (African-American Catholic Congregation) Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1996 Carlos Enrique Harvin (African-American Catholic Congregation) Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 2004 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. The Apostolic Society of Franciscan Communities Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 2006 James M Long United States Old Catholic Church Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 2016 Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church MEXICAN NATIONAL CATHOLIC CHURCH SUCCESSION II Bishop Carmel Henry Carfora was consecrated in the Chapel of St. Dunstan's Abbey in Waukegan, Illinois, by Archbishop Rudolf Franziskus Eduard de Landas Berghes et de Rache assisted by Bishop William Henry Francis Brothers, on 4 October 1916 as Archbishop of Canada. In 1919 Abp. Carfora became Primate of The North American Old Roman Catholic Church. Abp. Carfora consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop José Macario López y Valdes on 17 October 1926 in Chicago, Illinois, as Bishop of Puebla de Zaragoza, Mexico, for the Iglesia Ortodoxa Católica Apostólica Mexicana. Bishop Valdes consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Alberto Luis Rodriguez y Durand on.27 March 1930 "Por Autoridad del Patriarca de la Iglesia Ortodoxa Catolica Apostolica Mexicana" in the Old Catholic Orthodox Church of St. Augustine of the Mystical Body of Christ in Lost Angeles, California, USA, as Bishop Ordinary of Los Angeles and Regionary Bishop in Alto California. Bp. Rodriguez y Durand consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Emile Federico Rodriguez y Fairfield on 12 March 1955 in the Church of St. Augustine of the Mystical Body of Christ in Los Angeles, California, USA, as Bishop for Alta California. In 1983, with the death of Bp. José Cortes y Olmas, Bp. Rodriguez y Fairfield became the sole living possessor of episcopal orders from the Iglesia Ortodoxa Católica Apostólica Mexicana. On 13 September 1983 he was installed as the Archbishop/Primate of the Iglesia Ortodoxa Católica Apostólica Mexicana and head of the only remaining parish of that Church in East Los Angeles. Abp. Rodriguez y Fairfield consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate:

42 Bishop Karl Julius Barwin as Primate of The Evangelical Catholic Church on The Feast of Saint Addai and Saint Mari (5 August) 1989, in The Chapel of The Holy Guardian Angels in Glendale, California, assisting Archbishop Bertil Persson (The Apostolic Episcopal Church), together with Bishop Carroll T. Lowery (The Apostolic Episcopal Church), Archbishop Arthur J. Garrow (The Archiepiscopate Ordinariate of Healing Arts Missionaries & Chaplains in America) and Archbishop Howard D. van Orden (Order of St. Jude, The Philippine Independent Catholic Church in the Americas), each assisting, coöperating and co-consecrating by laying on hands and uttering all the words of consecration. Bishop Karl J. Barwin did consecrated to the episcopate on May 12, 1990 George Augustus Stallings, Jr. - Patriarch and Archbishop of the African American Catholic Congregation, who consecrated Carlos Enrique Harvin - Bishop in 1996 for the African American Catholic Congregation. Bishop Harvin consecrated on January 18, 2004 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. - Presiding Bishop and Exarch of the Apostolic Society of Franciscan Communities (Order of Servant Franciscans of the Immaculata). Bishop Mariae consecrated on April 22 nd, 2006 James M Long Presiding Archbishop United States Old Catholic Church. Bishop Long consecrated on December 10 th, 2016 Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church

43 The Apostolic Succession from Iglesia Filipina Independiente (The Philippine Independent Catholic Church) With a membership well in excess of one million members, the Iglesia Filipina Independiente has long been considered one of the largest Catholic jurisdictions not under obedience to Rome. Sometimes called the "Aglipayan" Church, this national Church is the daughter Church of The Roman Catholic Church of The Philippines rather than a result of the movement to restore Orthodoxy to the Occidental Church of Europe during the Middle Ages. Her history, however, is firmly linked to the history of Spain. Almost four centuries ago the power of Spain overshadowed all other European nations in the Americas. In the same year that Cortes conquered Mexico, Magellan discovered the Philippines in the Pacific - which Spain governed, robbed, and oppressed for three hundred and seventy-five years (until she lost control on May 1, 1898, when the U.S. fleet, under Commadore George Dewey, sailed into the Bay of Manila and won a victory as complete and astonishing as that of Cortes in Mexico). Spain's misrule in her colonies (Magellan began his rule in The Philippines by decapitating the beloved native ruler) produced a chronic state of insurrection; one after another, her colonies slipped from her grasp (Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, The Argentine, Mexico, Louisiana, Florida, and the greater part of the East Indies). She ceded Louisiana to France in 1800, Florida to the United States in 1819, and a few years later Mexico achieved her independence. Yet Spain still had the rich islands of Cuba and Puerto Rico in the West Indies and The Philippines in the East Indies; but these were quickly lost after her humiliating defeat by the Americans. Just as the Spanish colonial government had oppressed the Filipino people, so also the Church of Rome (thru the rule of the local parishes by the Friars) greatly oppressed the native population. When Commadore Dewey won The Battle of Manila and occupied the city, he had to set up an American defense force to protect the former Spanish colonial rulers (civil and religious) and allow them to leave the islands. The National Philippine Militia was at the gates of Manila and had vowed to kill all Spaniards. Commadore Dewey was later commended by most European powers for the honorable way in which he had handled this matter. It was not that The Church of Rome and Her clergy, even the Friars, had worked in vain. The native population had been brought the hope of The Gospel, which survives today in the vigorous folk devotion in the villages and the equally vigorous intellectual life of the larger cities of The Philippines. Never the less, the Spanish colonial system, which identified The Church of Rome with the official colonial government (State), had put into the hands of the religious a tempting power which bore seeds of abuse and corruption. By the nineteenth century, the Spanish Friars enjoyed such a suffocating monopoly on farmland that they became the main target of the revolutionary literature which finally united the Filipino people in armed rebellion in Within the Church of Rome in The Philippines, the Filipino clergy agitated against the arbitrary power of the foreign Friars. They also suffered from what might be called "racial discrimination" in that native clergy always occupied second-rate positions, and none were ever elevated to the episcopal rank. In 1872 three native priests were executed for taking an anti-friar stand, an act not forgotten by the native clergy. But Commadore Dewey's arrival in Manila Bay revived the stalemated native Filipino-Spanish hostilities. After the Battle of Manila and the occupation of Manila by Dewey, Father Gregorio Aglipay (of Illocos Norte) was appointed Vicar General of the Revolutionary Army by General Emilio Aguinaldo. In addition, the Spanish Bishop Jose Hevia Campomanes, a prisoner of the Filipino forces, named Fr. Aglipay the Ecclesiastical Governor of Nueva Segovia, a huge Episcopal See covering all of

44 Northern Luzon. The growing ranks of rebel native priests, now led by Fr. Aglipay, petitioned the Papal Nuncio for a native episcopacy. He promptly told them that "the Pope would never agree because... Filipinos were not capable of episcopacy."

45 The same day the Filipino native clergy received the insulting dictum of the Papal Nuncio in 1901, they announced their withdrawal from The Church of Rome under the slogan "An Independent Church in an Independent Philippines." The fiery Don Isabelo de los Reyes, a journalist, folklorist and labor organizer who led the lay delegates of the native clergy (and whose son some fifty years later was to become the Obispo Maximo of the Independent Church) urged an independent Church be founded immediately. After some days of deliberation, the native clergy proceeded to elect seventeen native clergy as bishops and Fr. Gregorio Aglipay as The Supreme Bishop (Obispo Maximo). Thus was born the Iglesia Catolica Filipina Independiente, which is also termed the Iglesia Filipina Independiente. At the time of its formation the language of the realm was Spanish. In the English language the Church is known as The Philippine Independent Catholic Church or The Independent Catholic Church of The Philippines. Father Aglipay, who was now called Monsignor Aglipay by his followers, was not only a loyal patriot but also a priest in Holy Orders of The Church of Rome. Although he realized that, in Rome's view, he could transmit to new priests valid presbyterial orders and thus establish a valid priesthood, he sought for a "regular" consecration to the episcopacy that would bring in line the Apostolic Succession of the ancient and truly Catholic Church. He corresponded with the Old Catholics of Europe, the Episcopalians of the United States, and The Apostolic Episcopal Church of Bishop Wolfert Brooks of New York without success. The native Church, however, grew rapidly, and was encouraged by the American presence in The Philippines. Governor-General William H. Taft was appointed and accepted the position of Honorary President of the Independent Church before he left for the United States in The two million Filipinos who had joined Msgr. Aglipay in his revolt against The Church of Rome took possession of the buildings in which they had been worshipping for generations. Challenged by The Church of Rome in U.S. courts, all properties were taken away from the people and handed back to The Church of Rome. Starting all over again, the Independientes nevertheless built Chapels and Churches throughout the country. Yet compared to The Church of Rome, they were a Church in poverty and could provide no Church-operated colleges or seminaries for their people. Nationalism was the vitality that held the Philippine Independent Church together through many trials and setbacks. Religiously the average Aglipayan lost nothing and gained little, for although he gave up worship in the beautiful buildings of his forefathers, he continued to hear a generally unreformed Mass and enjoyed the close fellowship of a minority Church. In addition, the clergy seemed more able to understand the problems of living because almost all of them were married. Except for the fact of a married clergy, not subject to the discipline of Roman obedience, the Church had changed little. It was still The One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church of Christ Jesus for the Filipino faithful. Although controversialists said this independent Church would fail, some fifty years later it still had in excess of two million members, and the Government Census taken each decade (which also polls religious preference) consistently shows that one seventh of the Filipinos prefer membership in the Independent Church. While no men of good will, Protestant or Catholic, would question the validity of the apostolate of The Independent Church, the question of the lack of a traceable Apostolic Succession (which was raised by Msgr.

46 Aglipay himself) continued to be asked. The Protestant Episcopal Church in The United States of America provided the answer in The Protestant Episcopal Church, looking back on its history, found that it had completely missed the mark when it refused to establish a vital episcopacy in Mexico in the late 1920's. After an assignation attempt on the life of the Mexican President and his cabinet members (allegedly traced to the Roman Catholic prelates and clergy in Mexico), Presidente Plutarco Elias Calles vowed to establish a Mexican National Catholic Church separate from and independent of Rome. The Protestant Episcopal Church in the USA turned down the Mexican request and Presidente Calles finally obtained the Apostolic Succession for the Mexican National Catholic Church from Msgr. Carmel Henry Carfora, Archbishop of Chicago of the Old Roman Catholic Church. Although three Bishops were consecrated to initiate the Mexican hierarchy (Jose Joaquin Perez y Budar, Antonio Lopez Sierra and Dr. Macario Lopez Valdes), the "Nationalistas" (as they were called), failed to replace The Church of Rome in Mexico and today only one remnant parish in Mexico and the East Los Angeles parish of Bishop Emil F. Rodriquez y Fairfield remain. Unlike the Filipinos, the Mexicans demanded continued celibacy in their national independent Church and were unable to recruit new priests. Near the turn of the nineteenth century, some Protestant Episcopal Bishops (such as Charles Chapman Grafton, who became Bishop of Fond du Lac, Wisconsin in 1888), espoused the so-called "Three Branch Theory" of the Church. The idea was that one branch was The Church of Rome, another branch was the Orthodox Church under Constantinople, and the third branch was The Church of England. Thus, it was thought, the Protestant Episcopal Church in the U.S.A. would eventually become the TRUE American Catholic Church; and in a time before The Church of Rome was firmly established in the United States, PECUSA had high hopes. It was the echo of this Branch Theory of Bishop Grafton that prevented the PECUSA from acting in the case of Mexico, and thus lost to the non-papal Christians the whole country of Mexico which, having cast out The Church of Rome and Her clergy, might have brought into the country the enlightenment that PECUSA claimed was Hers. But they did nothing until it was too late to do anything. The ideal was one branch only per country, and this idea blinded PECUSA's eyes at that time. PECUSA did not again want to miss the opportunity for missionary advancement. When, after several years of correspondence, Isabelo de los Reyes, Jr., became the leader of the Philippine national Church, PECUSA set aside the Branch Theory for one of "side-by-side" jurisdictions in the same land. On April 7, 1948, Isabela de los Reyes, Jr., and two other native bishops were consecrated to the Sacred Episcopacy by Bishop Norman S. Binstead of the PECUSA Missionary District of The Philippines, assisted by his suffragan (Bishop Robert F. Wilner) and the Rt. Rev'd Harry S. Kennedy (PECUSA Bishop of Honolulu). The three newly consecrated Philippine prelates then consecrated all the other native Bishops and ordained all priests and deacons according to the PECUSA rite. The Apostolic Succession obtained by the Philippine Independent Church was that of PECUSA - from The Church of England. A few years later, when European Old Catholics assisted in Filipino Episcopal consecrations, the Old Catholic Lines of the European Bishops were added. For many years the Independents and the Philippine Episcopalians walked side by side in harmony. However, over the years, differences developed. The "High Church" versus the "Low Church" problems of the Episcopalians in the USA did not appear as such in The Philippines, the conflicting parties rather

47 seemed to be grouped as Pro-Protestant (or Pro-PECUSA) and Pro-Catholic. More recently groups have favored former President Ferdinand Marcos who, as an infant, was baptized into the Independent Church by Msgr. Gregorio Aglipay himself. President Marcos had helped finance the Aglipay National Shrine which served as the Cathedral of Bishop Manuel Lagasca. Even as President Marcos often favored the Independent Church until his conversion and political position as a Roman Catholic; so also many of the older "Pro-Catholic" Independent Bishops and clergy also supported Marcos when he was in office. The Pro-Protestant groups of younger priests and bishops within the Independent Church often tried (and succeeded) to overshadow the "war horse" bishops and priests who had been with the Independent Church from Her founding. One example: On May 8, 1961, the Pro-Protestant party won enough support to force the Constitution and Canons of The Philippine Independent Church to be amended to read, concerning Holy Orders, that "No bishop shall maintain seminarians in his convent or within his diocese on the ground that there is an official seminary, St. Francis Theological Seminary, Quezon City, recognized by the Church, where provision is made for the education of those who have a vocation to the priesthood. It is absolutely prohibited that any bishop ordain men to the priesthood... without certification issued by the dean of the seminary..." What this meant for The Independent Philippine Church is that, if a man graduated from Yale Divinity School or Union Theological Seminary or Concordia Theological Seminary or Harvard University (just to name a few schools from which that priests of the Los Angeles Diocese of The Philippine Independent Catholic Church in the Americas have graduated), they would be unable to be ordained as priests in The Independent Church. Also, the many Roman Catholic priests who, after having married, wanted to work as priests within The Independent Church, would have to be refused. The older bishops of The Church never obeyed this canon, which they said turned their postulants over to a PECUSA-controlled seminary and the heresies of modernism which trickled down from PECUSA even to the Philippines. Also, these Church Fathers did not approve of PECUSA's sole control over the seminary and their postulants. These older Bishops refused to give up their diocesan training centers for clergy and continued the practice of accepting former Roman priests. Msgr. Isabela de los Reyes, Jr., had been elected the Obispo Maximo (Supreme Bishop) in 1948, and continued to be re-elected every four years until his death. He was succeeded by Bishop Macario V. Ga, of the Diocese of Negros Oriental. Msgr. Ga has since been re-elected every four years. It is remarkable that many of the men who were with The Independent Catholic Church in The Philippines when She received Apostolic Succession from PECUSA are still serving and still in office. The vision of formally extending The Philippine Independent Catholic Church to the United States was primarily carried to fulfillment through the efforts of Dr. Thomas Gore. Dr. Gore graduated from Nashotah House ( a PECUSA seminary in Wisconsin) in 1976 and was ordained a priest within PECUSA by the Rt. Rev'd Charles Bennison (Bishop of Western Michigan) in He continued his education and received the Doctor of Medicine degree from the Autonomous University of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Licensed both in Texas and Mexico as a medical doctor, he currently practices psychiatry in Lubbock, Texas. Fr. Gore was a representative when Bishop Pagtakhan of The Philippine Independent Catholic Church (assisted by Bp. Sergio Mondala and Bp. Lupe Rosete) consecrated Robert Kennaugh, Ogden Miller and C. Wayne Craig to the Sacred Episcopate for the continuing Anglican jurisdictions in the USA. Dr. Gore, however, desired a more direct link with the mainland Independent Church. After visiting the Philippines and winning the approval of Obispo Maximo Macario Ga and Archbishop Pagtakhan, Dr. Gore was consecrated on April 20, 1986, by Abp. Pagtakhan, Bp. Bayani Mercado and Bp.

48 F. Barber. Bishop Gore then caused the American diocese of The Philippine Independent Catholic Church to be incorporated in the State of Texas as the Iglesia Filipina Independiente, The Philippine Independent Catholic Church in the Americas with Abp. Francisco Pagtakhan serving as President of the Diocese/Corporation. It was Bishop Gore's hope that this new American jurisdiction could serve as a refuge for all traditional Episcopalians in the U.S.A. seeking valid sacraments, holy orders, and recognition by the International Catholic Community through its relation to the mainland Philippine Church -- which is a full member in good standing of The Anglican Communion. The Philippine Independent Catholic Church has been in existence in the USA for about ten years (as of this writing). The small candle that was lighted by Dr. Thomas Gore in Texas has burned brighter each year, enhanced by the rainbow beams of the Philippines. Known for more than a century as the "Jewel of the Orient" from a folk-lore tradition that a Pearl from the Holy Grail was taken to the Philippines, an old tale says that the Philippines will bring the "Light of Understanding" to the Orient and bless the whole Christian world with the advancement of The Gospel of Jesus Christ. The Iglesia Filipina Independiente, led by men such as Obispo Maximo Ga, Archbishop Francisco Pagtakhan, Archbishop Bartolome Remigio, Bishop Armando de la Cruz, and Bishop Manuel Lagasca, have given to the United States the great tradition of a conservative Independent Catholic Church. Yet it is not their work alone, it is the work of God.

49 PHILIPPINE SUCCESSION Robert Kilgour, Bishop of Aberdeen & Primus of The Episcopal Church of Scotland, assisted by Bishop Coadjutor John Skinner of Aberdeen and Bishop Arthur Petrie of Ross & Caithness, consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 14 November 1784: Dr. Samuel Seabury (11/30/1729-2/25/1796), as Bishop of Connecticut. Bishop Seabury graduated from Yale University in 1748 (B.A.; M.A., 1751) and studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh ( ). He was ordained a Deacon by Bishop Dr. John Thomas of Lincoln on 12/21/1753 and a priest by Bishop Dr. Richard Osbaldiston of Carlisle on 12/23/1753. In 1775, after a brief imprisonment in New Haven for being a British Loyalist, he fled to New York City (which remained loyal to the King) where he supported his family by practicing medicine and serving through the war as Chaplain of the King of England's American Regiment, under commission of Sir Henry Clinton (14 February 1778); after the Revolutionary War, he received a pension from the King for the rest of his life. In 1777 Bishop Seabury received the Doctor of Divinity degree from the University of Oxford. On 18 November 1790 he was also made Bishop of Rhode Island. Bishop Seabury, assisted by Bishop William White of Pennsylvania, Bishop Samuel Provoost of New York and Bishop James Madison of Virginia, consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 17 September 1792: Dr. Thomas John Claggett ( ) as Bishop of Maryland (and the first canonical Episcopal/Anglican Bishop consecrated on American soil) and installed at Trinity Church at the foot of Wall Street in New York City City. On 27 November 1800, as the U.S. Senate completed its move to permanent quarters in Washington, D.C., the Rt. Rev'd Thomas John Claggett was elected as that body's third Chaplain. Bp. Claggett, assisted by Bishop William White and Bishop Samuel Provoost, consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 7 May 1797: Edward Bass (11/23/1726-9/10/1803) as Bishop of New Hampshire and Massachusetts in Philadelphia. He graduated from Harvard in 1744 and received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from the University of Pennsylvania in He was ordained both Deacon and Priest by Bishop Dr. Sherlock of London in May With the death of Bp. Seabury, Bishop Bass was requested to assume responsibility and jurisdiction over the Churches in Rhode Island; he also was given jurisdiction over the Churches in New Hampshire about the same time. Throughout his entire episcopacy, he also continued to serve as Rector of St. Paul's Church, Newburyport, Massachusetts. Bishop Bass, assisted by Bishop William White and Bishop Samuel Provoost, consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 18 October 1797: Abraham Jarvis (3/26/ ) as the second Bishop of Connecticut, succeeding Bishop Samuel Seabury. Bishop Jarvis, assisted by Bishop William White and Bishop Samuel Provoost, consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 29 May 1811: John Henry Hobart (9/14/1775-9/12/1830) as Assistant Bishop of New York (succeeding Bishop Benjamin Moore and becoming Diocesan in 1816). He was educated at the University of Pennsylvania and Princeton University (graduating in 1793). He was ordained a Deacon in 1798 and a Priest in As Bishop, he initiated mission work among the Oneida Indians, was one of the founders of the General Theological Seminary and a renewer of Geneva (now Hobart) College. Bishop Hobart, assisted by Bishop William White and Bishop James Kemp (2nd Bishop of Maryland, consecrated in 1814), consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 25 October 1827: Henry Ustick Onderdonk 3/16/ /6/1858) in Christ Church, Philadelphia, as Assistant Bishop of Pennsylvania (becoming Diocesan in 1836 upon the death of Bishop William White). He graduated from Columbia University in 1805 and studied medicine in London and the University of Edinburgh (M.D.). He studied theology and was ordained Priest in Trinity Church, New York, on 11 April 1816 by Bishop John Henry Hobart. In 1827 he also received the degree of S.T.D. from Columbia University. Bishop Onderdonk, assisted by Bishop William White and Bishop Dr. Benjamin T. Onderdonk (Bishop of New York, consecrated in 1830), consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 14 January 1834:

50 Dr. James Hervey Otey (1/27/1800-4/23/1863) in Christ Church, Philadelphia, Penn., as the 1st Bishop of Tennessee and the 30th Bishop in the PECUSA Succession, with parishes in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Florida and Tennessee. He was ordained both Deacon and Priest in Warrenton, North Carolina, by Bishop John S. Ravenscroft. Together with Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk (with whom he earlier founded Columbia Institute, a school for girls), he laid the groundwork for The University of the South at Suwanee, Tennessee, and served as the university's first Chancellor. Today a PECUSA parish on University Avenue in Suwanee bears the good Bishop's name. Bishop Otey, assisted by Bishop Leonidas Polk (1st Bishop of Louisiana; previously 1st Bishop of Arkansas; consecrated in 1838) and Bishop Nicholas H. Cobbs (1st Bishop of Alabama, consecrated in 1844), consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate on 24 February 1850: Dr. William Mercer Green (5/2/1798-2/13/1887) in St. Andrew's Episcopal Church, Jackson, Mississippi, as the 1st Bishop of Mississippi. He graduated from the University of North Carolina in 1818 (studying theology) and was ordained a Deacon on 29 April 1821 by Bishop Richard C. Moore of Virginia in Christ Church, Raleigh, North Carolina. He was ordained a Priest on 20 April 1822 by the same bishop in St. James' Church, Wilmington, North Carolina. In 1845 he received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from the University of Pennsylvania. He served as Fourth Chancellor of The University of the South at Suwanee, Tennessee, beginning in Bishop Green, assisted by Bishop Joseph W. B. Wilmer (2nd Bishop of Louisiana; consecrated in 1866) and Bishop John W. Beckwith (2nd Bishop of Georgia; consecrated in consecrated in 1868), consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate on 17 January 1875: William Forbes Adams (1/2/ ) in St. Paul's Church, New Orleans, as Missionary Bishop of New Mexico & Arizona, becoming the 2nd Bishop of Easton (Maryland) in He was ordained a Deacon on 15 December 1859 and a Priest in St. Andrew's Church, Jackson, Mississippi, on 29 July 1861 by Bishop William Mercer Green. Bishop Adams, assisted by Bishop Alfred M. Randolph of Southern Virginia (consecrated in 1883) and Bishop Dr. William Paret of Maryland (consecrated on 1/8/1885), consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate on The Feast of St. Michael and All Angels (29 September), 1909: John Gardner Murray (8/31/ /3/29) as Coadjutor Bishop of Maryland, becoming Diocesan in 1911 (to 1929) and the first elected Presiding Bishop of PECUSA on 1 January Presiding Bishop John G. Murray, assisted by Bishop John McKim (1st Bishop of North Kwanto, consecrated in 1893) and Bishop Henry St. G. Tucker (consecrated in 1912 by Bp. John McKim, Bishop Norman Henry Tubbs of Rangoon in Burma and Bishop Arthur Lea of Kyushu, Japan) consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate on 3 December 1928: Norman Spencer Binsted ( ), as Missionary Bishop of Tohoku, The Central Philippines, for The Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America. Bishop Binsted, acting for the Presiding Bishop of PECUSA (Henry Knox Sherril), assisted by Bishop Robert Franklin Wilner (Suffragan Bishop of the Missionary District of the Philippines) and Bishop Harry Sherbourne Kennedy (Bishop of the Missionary District of Honolulu, Hawaii), consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate on 7 April 1948: Isabelo de los Reyes, Jr ( ) as Obispo Maximo of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente (being elected to this office in 1946). Obispo Maximo de los Reyes, assisted by Bishop Manuel N. Aguilar and Bishop Alejandro Remollino (Iglesia Filipina Independiente) consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate on 22 September 1957: Francisco de Jesus Pagtakhan ( ) as Bishop of Zambales in Maria Clara Christ Church, Manila. Bishop Pagtakhan was elevated to the office of Archbishop of the Cagayan Valley and The Americas, and appointed Archbishop Secretary for Missions, Ecumenical Relations and Foreign Affairs on 8 May Archbishop Pagtakhan, assisted by Archbishop Emile Federico Rodriguez y Fairfield (Primate, Iglesia Ortodoxa Catolica Apostolica Mexicana) and Bishop Paul G. W. Schultz (Bishop of Los Angeles, The Philippine Independent Catholic Church in the Americas), consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate sub conditione on 15 June 1988: Nils Bertil Alexander Persson (11/10/41 - ) as Missionary General for Scandinavia and All Europe for the Iglesia Filipina Independiente. Archbishop Persson, assisted by Archbishop Emile Federico

51 Rodrigues y Fairfield (Iglesia Ortodoxa Catolica Apostolica Mexicana), Bishop Carroll T. Lowery (The Apostolic Episcopal Church), Archbishop Arthur J. Garrow (The Archiepiscopate Ordinariate of Healing Arts Missionaries & Chaplains in America) and Bishop Howard D. van Orden (Order of St. Jude; Archbishop of Albuquerque and Dependencies, The Philippine Independent Catholic Church in The Americas), each assisting, coöperating and co-consecrating by laying on hands and uttering all the words of consecration; and assisted in this consecration as Co-Consecrators by Archbishop Paul Christian Gerald W. Schultz (Archbishop of Los Angeles; Administrator of The Philippine Independent Catholic Church in The Americas; and Apostolic Administrator in the USA of The Apostolic Episcopal Church), Bishop Petros (Eric Tan Ong Veloso, Orthodox Catholic Church in The Philippines), Bishop Christopher J. Rogers (Suffragan Bishop of Los Angeles, The Philippine Independent Catholic Church in The Americas), and Bishop Marciel (Michael Marshall, Orthodox Old Catholic Church), consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate on 5 August 1989: Karl Julius Barwin (10/16/ ) as Primate of The Evangelical Catholic Church. Bishop Karl J. Barwin did consecrated to the episcopate on May 12, 1990 George Augustus Stallings, Jr. - Patriarch and Archbishop of the African American Catholic Congregation, who consecrated Carlos Enrique Harvin - Bishop in 1996 for the African American Catholic Congregation. Bishop Harvin consecrated on January 18, 2004 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. - Presiding Bishop and Exarch of the Apostolic Society of Franciscan Communities (Order of Servant Franciscans of the Immaculata). Bishop Mariae consecrated on April 22 nd, 2006 James M Long Presiding Archbishop United States Old Catholic Church. Bishop Long consecrated on December 10 th, 2016 Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church

52 The Apostolic Succession from The Russian Orthodox Church (Russkaya Pravoslavnaya Tserkov) In the ninth century the Rus (or Varangians) became masters of what is now western Russia and the indigenous Slavic population. Their chief centers of population were Novgorod, in the north, and Kiev, in the south (now part of the Ukraine). This ruling minority of mostly Swedish Vikings soon adopted the Slavonic tongue and customs of their subjects. Tradition credits Saint Andrew The First-Called with planting the seeds of Christianity in the area about Kiev. These seeds were nurtured by the ministry of Saints Cyril & Methodius, now known as the Apostles of the Slaves, in The Ukraine beginning in AD 864, using the native language. They invented a Slavic alphabet (based upon the Greek), which is still used today. The north shore of The Black Sea had been settled by Christians at least as early as the fourth century. The Khazars, rulers of what is now southern Russia, had adopted Judaism. However, the missionary efforts supported by Patriarch Photius of Constantinople to the Khazars was so successful that they soon asked for a Bishop of their own. Just a few years later Emperor Basil I ("The Macedonian") and Patriarch Ignatius commissioned a missionary Bishop to the Russians, who made many converts. The first known Christian ruler over the Kievan State is Saint Olga (Olha), dowager regent, who received Christian baptism in AD 950. Although she sent to Emperor Otto I of Germany for missionaries, they seemed to have had no marked success. It is Saint Vladimir (Volodymyr The Great), the grandson of St. Olga, who accepted baptism himself about AD 986 and then in AD 988 commanded the Christianization of his entire State, who is recognized as having initiated the conversion of Russia. Although St. Vladimir received delegates from The Pope and sent representatives to Rome, it was The Church of Constantinople which won his support. At the time of his death, in AD 1015, there were three bishoprics in his domains; based upon the foundations laid by St. Vladimir, Christianity continued its gradual, steady spread throughout Russia. The Metropolitan of Kiev, for centuries the administrative head of The Russian Church, was appointed by the Patriarch of Constantinople; he was usually a Greek, unfamiliar with The Faithful of Russia. The clergy were poorly trained and almost always too few for the size of the country. The priests were chosen by their parishioners, while the bishops (a substantial minority of whom were also foreigners with little understanding of the customs or language of their flocks) were selected by the local princes. The establishment of an independent Russian Church coincided with the decline of The Byzantine Empire, and the simultaneous rise of The Russian Empire. This process was helped when Kiev was destroyed during the Tartar invasion, and the Metropolitan consequently forced to move to Moscow (AD 1320). After the Grand Duke of Moscow (Ivan III) married a daughter of the nearest relative of the last Emperor of Constantinople, he claimed to be the legitimate successor of the Byzantine Emperors. He even adopted the double-headed eagle, symbol of Imperial Byzantine power. Later, beginning in AD 1547, the princes of the Russian State, as successors of the Byzantine Emperors, began calling themselves Czar (i.e., "Caesar"). It was only natural that they would seek the prestige of a selfgoverning independent Church in order to bolster their own temporal claims. Although the Russian Church claimed autocephaly from AD 1448, when the Russian Bishops began electing their own Primate (the Metropolitan of Moscow), official recognition of this independence by the ancient and historic patriarchates was not secured until AD 1590 (one year after Jeremiah II, Patriarch of Constantinople, was persuaded to invest Iob, the 46th Metropolitan of Moscow, as the first Russian Patriarch - - although Iob had been promoted to the rank of Patriarch by the Russian Bishops in AD 1453) at a meeting in Constantinople of all the Patriarchs of the historic Sees. When Constantinople fell to the Moslems on 29 May 1453, Russia became the only nation where the freedom of The Orthodox Church remained unrestricted; this favorably influenced their claim for an independent Patriarchate. The Time of Troubles (civil war) which began in AD 1598 upon the death of Czar Fedor (Theodore), the childless son of Ivan IV, increased the Patriarch's political influence. It reached its height under Patriarch Filaret, whose son, Michael, at the age of sixteen, became the first Czar of the Romanov

53 Dynasty. When Patriarch Adrian died in AD 1700, Czar Peter The Great refused to allow the election of a new Patriarch, leaving Stefan Iavorskii as Locum Tenens for 21 years. In AD 1721 Czar Peter finally promulgated a new constitution for The Church, which suspended the office of Patriarch and placed the governance of The Church under an Holy Synod.

54 Copying the example of Henry VIII of England, the government-imposed new Church constitution made The Czar the Head of The Church of Russia. It went further than King Henry, however, by providing for a Lay Procurator (a government official) to administer The Church's day-to-day affairs. This "constitutional" subjugation of The Church to the Russian State established the precedent of direct governmental control over and interference in all the affairs of The Russian Orthodox Church -- a practice continued until the end of the 20 th century by the atheistical government of the U.S.S.R. After the overthrow of Czar Nikolai II in March of AD 1917, The Russian Orthodox Church immediately convened a national Sobor to reform The Church and revive the Patriarchate of Moscow, which Czar Peter The Great had suspended. Metropolitan Tikhon, who had earlier been Russian Archbishop in America, won the election and assumed the office of Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia in November of that year, almost simultaneously with the outbreak of the Communist Revolution. This All-Russian Council (Sobor) attempted to restore sobornost -- the active participation of the whole Church (bishops, clergy, and laity) in every aspect of the Church's life, in contrast to the bureaucratic centralization which had ruled The Church under the secular and often hostile government of Russia since the creation of The Holy Synod by Czar Peter The Great. The new reäctionary Communist government of Russia immediately placed severe restrictions upon the revitalized and reforming Church of Russia. In view of the vigorous anti-religion activities of the new Russian government, Patriarch Tikhon issued a statement in AD 1917 urging The Russian Faithful to act independently to preserve The Church. Some of the Bishops of The Russian Church attempted to heed The Patriarch's advice by establishing a separate independent Church administration in southeastern Russia. The advance of the Bolsheviks, however, forced these faithful shepherds into exile. In November of 1920 these refugee Bishops organized The Supreme Church Administration for Churches Outside of Russia in Istanbul (Constantinople), with the approval of The Öcumenical Patriarch. At the invitation of The Patriarch of Serbia, The Supreme Church Administration moved to Yugoslavia. Twelve of these Bishops, with representatives of the clergy and laity, organized a Sobor at Sremski Karlovtsi, Yugoslavia, on 21 November to 2 December 1921, under the presidency of Anthony Khrapovitski, Metropolitan of Kiev and Galich and under the canonical authority of an ukase (i.e., an Edict having the force of law) issued in AD 1920 by Patriarch Tikhon. The result of this meeting was the organization of The Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia, sometimes called The Synodal Church. Patriarch Tikhon, who vigorously opposed the inhumane and atheistic policies of the revolutionary regime, was cruelly imprisoned on 9 May The Communists refused to permit an election for his successor when he died in AD Metropolitan Petr of Krutica became Locum Tenes (Patriarchal Vicar), but he, too, was almost immediately imprisoned. He was succeeded later that year by Sergii, the Metropolitan of Nizhni- Novgorod, who tried to make peace with the new Soviet government. Although he suffered temporary imprisonment (December AD 1926 to April 1927), he issued a declaration in July of AD 1927 changing The Church's official stance towards the Communist government from one of hostility to one of praise and coöperation. Outside observers have called this declaration of The Metropolitan either the great betrayal or the great salvation of The Russian Church. The Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia naturally disapproved of the coöperation between the Patriarchal Church and the atheistic Communist government in Russia, as first formulated in the letters issued by Metropolitan (later Patriarch) Sergii in AD 1926 and AD Because of the inappropriate influence seemingly exercised by the anti-religious government of Russia, The Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia refused to recognize The Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia in any way on the grounds that the Communist government completely controlled the patriarchate. With the invasion of Mother Russia by the Nazis (Russia's former ally in the partition of Poland at the beginning of World War II), the political climate changed in Moscow. Metropolitan Sergii urged The

55 Faithful to sincerely support the Russian war effort against the Nazis; he issued calls to arms, organized fund raising rallies, and did everything possible to ensure the protection of his people and the defense of The Church. By 1 October 1944 The Church had donated 150,000,000 rubles, as well as gifts "in kind," to the Communist government. These many sacrifices and contributions for Russia gained him the favorable attention of the then current Communist Dictator, Josef Stalin, who finally granted the Metropolitan's request for new patriarchal elections. Sergii was elected Patriarch on 7 September 1943; he unfortunately died within six months. After that The Kremlin permitted subsequent elections within a year of each vacancy and had made The Orthodox Church of Russia one of the few officially recognized Christian organizations in the Soviet Union -- following the precedent established by Czar Peter The Great. The Sobor to elect the new Patriarch was held 31 January to 2 February The Patriarch of Alexandria, Patriarch of Antioch, and the Catholicos of Georgia attended this Sobor, together with 44 Russian Bishops, 126 clergy, and representatives of the laity. The Sobor elected Alexis as the new Russian Patriarch. They thus established a "working model" for the other European Communist countries to follow in dealing with Religion. However, all other potential national Orthodox jurisdictions within the then-u.s.s.r., with the exception of the ancient and historic patriarchates of Armenia and Georgia, were merged into the Moscow Patriarchate, as were some Eastern- Rite Roman Catholics and many other Christian jurisdictions and sects. The Orthodox Church of Russia has been increasingly active in international Orthodox and ecumenical affairs during the last few decades of the 20 th Century. She has been particularly vocal before the World Council of Churches and elsewhere in encouraging anti-nuclear and anti-war movements throughout the world. The Primate of The Church of Russia bears the title: Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia. The official language of The Church is naturally Russian. Metropolitan Antonii became the first head of The Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia, with his Seat at Geneva, Switzerland. He was succeeded in AD 1936 by Metropolitan Anastasii (who died in AD 1965), who was followed on his retirement by Metropolitan Filaret, in The chief See of the Metropolitan was moved during World War II to Munich, Germany, and in AD 1952 to New York City. Since then The Synodal Church has attracted The Faithful from other exiled jurisdictions, particularly those with origins in the formerly communist-controlled nations of eastern European. The recent collapse of communism has not resulted in any rapproachment between the exile-jurisdictions and their mother churches...yet. With the Moscow Patriarchate's vigorous pursuit of the return of Church property in foreign lands which has been administered since the Communist Revolution in Russia by The Synodal Church, the rift between the Synodal Church and the Moscow Patriarchate may never be healed Apostolic Succession from The Russian Orthodox Church through Saint Peter Bishop Aleksij (Sergiy Vladimirovich Simanskij, ) was consecrated 28 April 1913 by Patriarch Gregorios IV of The Syrian Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All The East in Russia as Bishop of Tichvin. In 1945 he was elected Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia. Patriarch Aleksij, assisted by Metropolitan Nikolaj (Boris Dorofeevic Jaruevic), Archbishop Makarij (Sergej Konstantinovic Daev), Archbishop Jurij (Vjaeslav Michaijlovic Egorov), Bishop Aleksij (Viktor Aleksandrovic Konoplev) and Bishop Pimen (Sergij Izvekov), consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop John (Konstantin Nikolaevich Wendland, ), Patriarchal Exarch of The Russian Orthodox Church in America, on 28 December On 3 August 1963 Bishop John became Metropolitan of The Russian Orthodox Church in America. He was recalled to Russia on 10 July Metropolitan John,

56 assisted by Bishop Dositheus (Michail Ivanchenko of The Russian Orthodox Church in America), consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Joseph (Joseph John Skureth, 01/08/ ), as Exarch, The Western Orthodox Catholic Church in America, Exarchate of The Patriarchates of Moscow and Antioch (a Western Rite body within The Russian Orthodox Church in America) on 17 April Bishop Dosifej (Dositheus/Michail Ivanchenko) had ordained Bp. Joseph priest on 3 July Exarch Joseph is also affiliated with The Syrian-Antiochian Orthodox Church. Bishop Joseph, assisted by Archbishop Francisco de Jesus Pagtakhan (The Philippine Independent Catholic Church, Manila) and Bishop Lawrence Lee Shaver (The Philippine Independent Catholic Church in The Americas), consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Archbishop Nils Bertil Alexander Persson Archbishop of Scandinavia, Igreja Catolica Apostolica Brasileira assisted by Abp. Emile Federico Rodriguez y Fairfield, Abp. Paul G. W. Schultz, Bishop Christopher Rogers, Bishop Carroll Lowery, Exarch Howard D. van Orden, Archbishop Arthur Garrow, Bishop Petros (Eric Veloso), Bishop Michael Marshal Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 5 August 1989: Bishop Karl Julius Barwin Primate, The Evangelical Catholic Church. Bishop Karl J. Barwin did consecrated to the episcopate on May 12, 1990 George Augustus Stallings, Jr. - Patriarch and Archbishop of the African American Catholic Congregation, who consecrated Carlos Enrique Harvin - Bishop in 1996 for the African American Catholic Congregation. Bishop Harvin consecrated on January 18, 2004 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. - Presiding Bishop and Exarch of the Apostolic Society of Franciscan Communities (Order of Servant Franciscans of the Immaculata). Bishop Mariae consecrated on April 22 nd, 2006 James M Long Presiding Archbishop United States Old Catholic Church. Bishop Long consecrated on December 10 th, 2016 Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church Apostolic Succession from The Russian Orthodox Church through Saint Andrew Bishop Makarij (Michael Nevskij, /16/26) was consecrated in 1884 by Bishop Nikon of The Russian Orthodox Church. He was elected Archbishop in 1906 and served as Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomenskoe from Bishop Makarij consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Evdokim (Basil Michaelovic Meschersky, ) as Vicar Bishop, Diocese of Moscow, on 4

57 January Bishop Evdokim became the Archbishop of The North American Diocese of The Russian Orthodox Church in Archbishop Evdokim consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Aftimios (Abdullah Ofiesh, ) as Bishop of Brooklyn on 13 May Bishop Aftimios became Archbishop of The Syrian Orthodox Mission of The North American Diocese of The Russian Orthodox Church in Archbishop Aftimios consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Sophronios (Sophronios Bishara, ) as Bishop of Los Angeles on 26 May 1928, assisted by Elias, Metropolitan of Tyre and Sidon (The Syrian Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All The East) and Bishop Emmanuel (Rizkallah Abo-Hatab, The Syrian Orthodox Mission of The North American Diocese of The Russian Orthodox Church). Bishop Sophronios became Archbishop of The Syrian Orthodox Mission of The North American Diocese of The Russian Orthodox Church in Archbishop Sophronios consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Chrysostomos (John M. More-Moreno, ), assisted by Archbishop-Exarch Benjamin (Ioann Athenasievich Fedchenkov of The North American Diocese of The Russian Orthodox Church, in November of Bishop Chrysostomos became the Ruling Bishop of The Holy Eastern Orthodox Catholic and Apostolic Church in North America. Bishop Chrysostomos consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar Nikolaus (Perry Nikolaus Cedarholm, 05/18/ /06/1979) as Bishop of Brooklyn and Staten Island for The Apostolic Episcopal Church, assisted by Rev'd Fr. David Leondarides, The Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem, on 6 December Mar Nikolaus returned to Sweden in 1951 and was acknowledged as a Bishop by the Church of Sweden. He was enthroned as Bishop of Scandinavia for The Apostolic Episcopal Church in 1953 by Bishop Herman Philippus Abbinga of the Osterns Apostoliske Episkopale Kirke. In 1969 he assumed the position of Archbishop of The Apostolic Episcopal Church. Mar Nikolaus consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar Alexander (Nils Bertil Alexander Persson, 11/10/ ) as Titular Bishop of Smyrna on 12 December Mar Alexander succeeded Archbishop Nikolaus (Cedarholm) as Archbishop of Scandinavia of The Apostolic Episcopal Church on 22 July He was enthroned as Primate of The Apostolic Episcopal Church by Archbishop Wallace David de Ortega Maxey on 7 November Archbishop Persson also serves as the Missionary General for Scandinavia and All Europe for both the Iglesia Filipina Independiente (Philippine Independent Catholic Church, confirmed 15 June 1988; this is a member jurisdiction of The Anglican Communion) and the Igreja Católica Apostólica Brasiliera (Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church, confirmed 14 June 1987). Archbishop Persson consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Karl Julius Barwin Primate, The Evangelical Catholic Church. Bishop Karl J. Barwin did consecrated to the episcopate on May 12, 1990 George Augustus Stallings, Jr. - Patriarch and Archbishop of the African American Catholic Congregation, who consecrated Carlos Enrique Harvin - Bishop in 1996 for the African American Catholic Congregation. Bishop Harvin consecrated on January 18, 2004 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. - Presiding Bishop and Exarch of the Apostolic Society of Franciscan Communities (Order of Servant Franciscans of the Immaculata). Bishop Mariae consecrated on April 22 nd, 2006 James M Long Presiding Archbishop United States Old Catholic Church. Bishop Long consecrated on December 10 th, 2016

58 Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church Apostolic Succession from The Russian Orthodox Church through Archbishop Theophanies Fan Stylian Noli Bishop Makarij (Michael Nevskij, /16/26) was consecrated in 1884 by Bishop Nikon of The Russian Orthodox Church. He was elected Archbishop in 1906 and served as Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomenskoe from Archbishop Makarij (Macarius) consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Evdokim (Basil Michaelovic Meschersky, ) as Vicar Bishop, Diocese of Moscow, on 4 January Bishop Evdokim became Archbishop of Alaska and North America for The Russian Orthodox Church in Archbishop Evdokim consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Aftimios (Abdullah Ofiesh, ) as Bishop of Brooklyn on 13 May 1917, assisted by Bishop Stephen Alexander Dzubay of Pittsburgh and Bishop Alexander Alexandrovich Nemolovksy, Bishop of Canada. Bishop Aftimios became Archbishop of The Syrian Orthodox Mission of The North American Diocese of The Russian Orthodox Church in In 1927, urged on by the chaotic conditions in Russia, the canonical Russian Patriarchial Bishops in the U.S.A. acted upon instructions and advice issued earlier by Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow, and emphasized by his successor, the Locum Tenens (Sergius), and Commissioned Bishop Aftimios to be Archbishop and to found and head an autocephalous American Orthodox Catholic Church. Archbishop Aftimios consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Sophronios (Sophronios Bishara, ) as Bishop of Los Angeles on 26 May 1928, assisted by Elias, Metropolitan of Tyre and Sidon (The Syrian Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All The East) and Bishop Emmanuel (Rizkallah Abo-Hatab, The Syrian Orthodox Mission of The North American Diocese of The Russian Orthodox Church). Bishop Sophronios became Archbishop of The Syrian Orthodox Mission of The North American Diocese of The Russian Orthodox Church in Archbishop Sophronios consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Christopher Kontogiorgios (Contogeorge; /30/50) on 10 February 1934 at St. John the Baptist Church in New York City, assisting Theophanies Fan Stylian Noli, Archbishop of The Albanian Orthodox Diocese in America (consecrated 4 December 1923 in St. George's Cathedral in Korcha, Albania, by Metropolitan Kristofor Kissi [Bishop of Syradon] and Metropolitan Hierotheos [Andon Yahd, Bishop of Korcha & Plenipotentiary Exarch of the Patriarchate of Constantinople] as Metropolitan of Durazzo, Gora & Shpata; Primate & Exarch of All Illyria, of the Western Sea & of all Albania; 1924: President of Albania) as Metropolitan of Pentapoleos. Bishop Kontogiorgios was appointed Exarch of the Greek Orthodox Catholic Church under the Patriarchate of Alexandria in Exarch Kontogiorgios consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Archbishop Konstantin Jaroshevich in 1949, assisted by Archbishop Arsenios Saltas (consecrated 25 August 1934 by Abp. Kontogiorgios and Abp. Theophan Noli) and with the blessing and concurrence of Metropolitan Theophan Noli. In 1954 Abp. Jaroshevich was appointed Exarch of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria and All Africa in the United States. Archbishop Jaroschevich consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate:

59 Bishop Peter Andreas Zhurawetsky (12/07/ ) in Sts. Peter and Paul Russian Orthodox Church of Springfield, Massachusetts, on 15 October 1950, assisting Patriarch Joseph Klimovich (of the American Holy Orthodox Catholic Eastern Church; Ptr. Klimovich was consecrated 14 October 1930 by Constantine Kuryllo of the Ruthenian Orthodox Church) together with Metropolitan Nicholas Bohatyretz (of the Ukrainians in the Orthodox Catholic Church in America; Met. Bohatyretz was consecrated 16 November 1913 by Bp. Paulo Louis Prota Guirleo Miraglia Gulotti, Bishop of Piacenza of the Italian National Episcopal Church), Metropolitan Joseph Zielonka (Polish Old Catholic Church of America and Europe) and Bishop Peter M. Williamowich (consecrated by Met. Fan Noli), as Suffragan Bishop, The Polish Old Catholic Church. In December 1960 Bp. Zhurawetsky succeeded Metropolitan Zielonka and immediately changed the name of this jurisdiction to Christ Catholic Church of the Americas and Europe, and taking the name of Peter II. In 1978, His Beatitude, Pope Nikolaus VII of Alexandria and All Africa wrote a letter recognizing Abp. Petros Zhurawetsky as a canonical Orthodox bishop. Patriarch Peter II consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Robert Gerald John Schulyer Zeiger (01/01/ ) in the Russian Orthodox Church of the Holy Trinity and St. Olga, New Brunswick, New Jersey, on 1 July 1961, assisted by Primate Hubert Augustus Rogers, Bishop Julian Lester Smith, and Bishop James Hubert Rogers (all of The North American Old Roman Catholic Church) as Bishop for The Orthodox Catholic Patriarchate of America. He later left Ptr. Zhurawetsky's jurisdiction in 1961 and founded the American Orthodox Catholic Church. In 1964 he resigned as Primate of that jurisdiction while remaining Archbishop Metropolitan of Denver. On 10 August 1976, Abp. Zeiger was consecrated at St. Paul's Monastery, La Porte, Indiana, by Abp/Primate Joseph John Skureth (Western Orthodox Catholic Church) assisted by Bishop Joseph Gabriel Sokolowski, O.S.B. (Abbot General, St. Paul's Monastery, La Porte, Indiana; consecrated 16 March 1970 by Abp. Joseph John Skureth & Bp. Frank Blevins). Abp. Zeiger consecrated sub conditione to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Andre Leon Zotique Barbeau (11/22/12-2/14/94) on 8 August 1976, assisted by Bishop Gordon Albert Da Costa (Anglican Church of the Americas; consecrated 19 June 1971 by Bp. Benjamin C. Eckardt of the Free Protestant Episcopal Church, assisted by Bp. Charles Kennedy Samuel Steward Moffat and Bp. Albert J. Fuge). He was earlier consecrated on 14 May 1968 at the Pro-Cathedral of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Mirabel, Quebec, Canada, by Bp. Charles Brearley (Old Holy Catholic Church; consecrated 16 June 1954 by Marziano II, Basileus of Constantinople and of All the Christian Orient {Prince de Deols, Alessandro Licastro de la Chastre Grimaldi-Lascaris}, claimant to the throne of the Holy Roman Empire of the Orient as the 269th Emperor) and later on 26 July 1973 by Bishop Garry Robert Armstrong (Liberal Catholic Church International; consecrated 8 October 1972 by Bp. William Henry Daw of the Liberal Catholic Church International). He was further consecrated sub conditione on 19 August 1976 by Abp. Josef Maria Thiesen (Alt Roemisch Katholische Kirche in Germany; consecrated 17 April 1949 by Bp. Aloysius Stumpfl) and on 12/12/76 s.c. at the Cite de Marie, Mirabel, Quebec, Canada by Bp. George Bellemare (Eglise Universelle de la Nouvelle Alliance; consecrated 7 July 1975 by Bp. Roger Caro, assisted by Bp. Maurice Auberger and Bp. Patrick LeBar). Patriarch Barbeau consecrated sub conditione to the Sacred Episcopate: Archbishop Leonard J. Curreri (07/27/46 - ) on 30 July 1977 at Mirabel, Quebec, Canada, assisted by Archbishop Rainer Laufer (Old Holy Catholic Church of Canada; Abp. Laufer was consecrated 18 November 1975 by: Bp. Charles Brearley of The Old Holy Catholic Church; Abp. Andre LeTellier, Titular Archbishop of Hippo and Archbishop Coadjutor of Montreal, Canada, Catholic Charismatic Church of Canada; and Bp. Jean- Marie Breault, Titular Bishop of Bethlehem and Auxiliary Bishop of Montreal, Catholic Charismatic Church of Canada), as Primate of The Tridentine Catholic Church. Abp. Curreri was first consecrated at Holy Cross Polish Catholic Church, New York City, on 23 April 1977 by Bp. Francis Joseph Ryan (Ecumenical Orthodox Catholic Church--Autocephalous; Bp. Ryan was consecrated in 1965 by Ptr. Udladyslau Ryzy-Ryski), assisted by Bp. Holmes Bennett Dayhoff (Tridentine Catholic Church) and Bp. John Basilo (American Orthodox

60 Catholic Church; Bp. Basilo was consecrated by Walter Myron Propheta). Archbishop Curreri consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Peter Paul Brennan ( ) on 10 June 1978 at Our Lady Queen of Heaven Church, Long Island, New York, assisting Bishop Richard Thomas McFarland (African Orthodox Church). He was consecrated sub conditione on 4 October 1979 by Archbishop Leonard J. Curreri (Tridentine Catholic Church), assisted by Archbishop Peter James G. Grazeloa (American National Catholic Church) and Bp. Holmes Bennett Dayhoff. In 1984 Abp. Brennan became head of the Ecumenical Catholic Diocese of the Americas based in West Hempstead, New York. Abp. Brennan consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Howard D. van Orden (( ) on 14 October 1984, assisting Bp. Patrick J. Callahan (Old Roman Catholic Church--Utrecht Succession; Bp. Callahan was consecrated on 17 April 1984 by Abp. Emile Federico Rodriguez y Fairfield and Abp. Paul G. W. Schultz) as Bishop of The Western Rite Orthodox Catholic Church of Jesus in St. Stephen's Orthodox Catholic Church of Savannah, Georgia. Bishop van Orden consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Karl Julius Barwin Primate, The Evangelical Catholic Church. Bishop Karl J. Barwin did consecrated to the episcopate on May 12, 1990 George Augustus Stallings, Jr. - Patriarch and Archbishop of the African American Catholic Congregation, who consecrated Carlos Enrique Harvin - Bishop in 1996 for the African American Catholic Congregation. Bishop Harvin consecrated on January 18, 2004 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. - Presiding Bishop and Exarch of the Apostolic Society of Franciscan Communities (Order of Servant Franciscans of the Immaculata). Bishop Mariae consecrated on April 22 nd, 2006 James M Long Presiding Archbishop United States Old Catholic Church. Bishop Long consecrated on December 10 th, 2016 Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church Apostolic Succession from The Russian Orthodox Church through Bishop Joseph A. Zuk (William Propheta Succession) Bishop Makarij (Michael Nevskij, /16/26) was consecrated in 1884 by Bishop Nikon of The Russian Orthodox Church. He was elected Archbishop in 1906 and served as Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomenskoe from Archbishop Makarij (Macarius) consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Evdokim (Basil Michaelovic Meschersky, ) as Vicar Bishop, Diocese of Moscow, on 4 January Bishop Evdokim became Archbishop of Alaska and North America for The Russian Orthodox Church in Archbishop Evdokim consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate:

61 Bishop Aftimios (Abdullah Ofiesh, ) as Bishop of Brooklyn on 13 May 1917, assisted by Bishop Stephen Alexander Dzubay of Pittsburgh and Bishop Alexander Alexandrovich Nemolovksy, Bishop of Canada. Bishop Aftimios became Archbishop of The Syrian Orthodox Mission of The North American Diocese of The Russian Orthodox Church in In 1927, urged on by the chaotic conditions in Russia, the canonical Russian Patriarchial Bishops in the U.S.A. acted upon instructions and advice issued earlier by Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow, and emphasized by his successor, the Locum Tenens (Sergius), and Commissioned Bishop Aftimios to be Archbishop and to found and head an autocephalous American Orthodox Catholic Church. Archbishop Aftimios consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Joseph A. Zuk (? - 2/23/34) was consecrated on 7 February 1932 by Bp. Aftimios (Abdullah Ofiesh; Holy Eastern Orthodox Catholic and Apostolic Church in North America), assisted by Bp. Sophronios Bishara (Bishop of Los Angeles) as Assistant Bishop of The Holy Eastern Orthodox Catholic and Apostolic Church in North America with special oversight over The Ukrainian Orthodox Church of America. The ecclesiastical jurisdiction of these bishops (Ofiesh, Bishara & Zuk) is believed by many to be the sole canonical successor of The Russian Orthodox jurisdiction established for North America by way of Alaska in 1763 under Canon Law (Council of Chalcedon, 453 A.D.); thus this jurisdiction would be the only lawful (i.e., canonical) Orthodox jurisdiction in the U.S.A. Bishop Zuk consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: William Albert Nichols (12/4/1867-2/6/1947) on 27 September 1932, together with Bp. Sophronios Bishara, assisting Abp. Aftimios (Abdullah Ofiesh). Bishop Nichols took the ecclesiastical name of Ignatius. Against canon law and Church tradition, Bp. Ignatius (Nichols) married in June of 1933, for which he was formally removed from Office by Bp. Bishara. Upon the death of both Bp. Bishara and Bp. Zuk in 1934, Bp. Nichols assumed leadership of part of The Holy Eastern Orthodox and Apostolic Church in North America, officially incorporating it in the State of New York on 16 March 1936 under the name: The Holy Orthodox Church in America. This newly incorporated jurisdiction also included the former Anglican Universal Church of Christ in the United States of America (Chaldean), which allowed married bishops and was headed by Abp. George Winslow Plummer. Ignatius, Archbishop of Washington, D.C., consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: George Winslow Plummer (8/25/1876-1/23/1944) on 8 May 1934, assisted by Bishop Ambrosius (Maitland Raines of The Russian Orthodox Church; consecrated by Bp. Alexander Vvedensky) and took the ecclesiastical name of Mar Georgius. Mar Georgius consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Stanislaus de Witow (born Stanislaus Witowski; 2/9/1890-4/1969) on 29 November 1936, assisted by Abp. Ignatius (William Albert Nichols) and Bishop Irenaeus (Henry van Arsdale Parsell; consecrated 19 September 1920 by Bp Manuel Ferrando of the Reformed Episcopal Church assisted by Mar Georgius/Plummer) and took the ecclesiastical name Theodotus. Bp. Theodotus became head of The Holy Orthodox Church in America on 14 April 1951 succeeding Abp/Primate Roy C. Toombs (who had succeeded Mar Georgius on 23 January 1944). Abp. Theodotus consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Walter Myron Propheta ( /8/1972) in Springfield, Massachusetts, on 3 October 1964, assisting Ptr. Joachim Souris of the True Orthodox Church of Greece (consecrated 2 June 1951 by Ptr. Joseph Klimovicz of the American Holy Orthodox Catholic Eastern Church, assisted by Ptr. Peter A. Zhurawetsky, Bp. Jozef Zielonka, and Bp. Clement I {John Cyril Sherwood}). On 30 March1965 he was elevated to Archbishop by Abp. Theodotus and Bishop Theoklitus Kantaris (Bishop of the Greek Orthodox Diocese of New York, consecrated by Makarios III, Archbishop/Primate of Cyprus), and took the ecclesiastical name of Patriarch Woldymyr I. Ptr. Woldymyr I consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: John Arthur Christian (Chiasson; born: John Christofer Saison;? - 12/25/1984) on 31 July 1966, assisted by Abp. Theodotus (Stanislaus De Witow). He was elected to succeed Ptr. Woldymyr I at a Synod of The American Orthodox Catholic Church on 18 November 1972, taking the ecclesiastical name of Christian I. Ptr. Christian I consecrated sub conditione to the Sacred Episcopate:

62 Harold James Donovan (? - 3/18/1996) in Chicago, Illinois, on 4 July 1982, at the request of the Holy Synod of The Holy Orthodox Catholic Apostolic Church in the Philippines, taking the ecclesiastical name of Mar Aftimios II. He had been previously consecrated on 16 March 1980 as Missionary Bishop for this jurisdiction by Bp. Tirso Cinco Noble, assisted by Bp. Miguel Pestano Borja, Bp. Joel T. Borja, and Bp. Urbano A. Blanco (all Bishops within The Holy Orthodox Catholic Apostolic Church in the Philippines). In co-operation with Ptr. Christian I, Mar Aftimios II created an Exarchy in January 1983 of the Philippine Church later known as: The American Orthodox Church. Mar Aftimios II was consecrated sub conditione on 19 January 1987 by Bishop- Primate Forest Ernest Barber of the Holy Orthodox Catholic Apostolic Church in the Philippines (a part of the Igreja Catolica Apostolica Brasileira) assisted by Metropolitan Mark (Senen C. Bordeos) of the Holy Orthodox Catholic Apostolic Church in the Philippines, based in Los Banos. Mar Aftimios II consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Eric Tan Ong Veloso on 12 March 1989 in The Holy Guardian Angels Chapel, Glendale, California, assisted by Abp. Paul G. W. Schultz (Archbishop of Los Angeles and Administrator of The Philippine Independent Catholic Church in the Americas). Bp. Veloso had been previously consecrated on 30 October 1988 in Our Mother of Perpetual Help Orthodox Catholic Church of Los Angeles, California, by Abp. Howard D. van Orden, assisted by Bp. Jack London Mette (of the Catholic Apostolic Church in North America/Patriarchate of Brazil; consecrated by: Abp. de Ortega Maxey; Bp. Raymond Eugene Hefner; Ptr. Francis Jerome Joachim; Bp. Charles David Luther) and Bp. Carroll T. Lowery, for the Orthodox Catholic Church in The Philippines, taking the ecclesiastical name of Mar Petros. Mar Petros consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Karl Julius Barwin Primate, The Evangelical Catholic Church. Bishop Karl J. Barwin did consecrated to the episcopate on May 12, 1990: George Augustus Stallings, Jr. - Patriarch and Archbishop of the African American Catholic Congregation, who consecrated Carlos Enrique Harvin - Bishop in 1996 for the African American Catholic Congregation. Bishop Harvin consecrated on January 18, 2004 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. - Presiding Bishop and Exarch of the Apostolic Society of Franciscan Communities (Order of Servant Franciscans of the Immaculata). Bishop Mariae consecrated on April 22 nd, James M Long Presiding Archbishop United States Old Catholic Church. Bishop Long consecrated on December 10 th, 2016 Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church

63 The Apostolic Succession from The Armenian Church (The Apostolic Orthodox Church of Armenia) The origins of The Church of Armenia are traced to The First Enlighteners of Armenia, two of the Twelve Apostles: St. Thaddeus (martyred in 66 A.D. in Armenia) and St. Bartholomew (martyred in 68 A.D. in Armenia). It is St. Gregory, however, who is credited with converting first King Tiridates of Armenia to Christianity and then the whole Armenian nation. The Kingdom of Armenia was the first nation to become Christian in the whole world. Soon after the King's conversion, St. Gregory was consecrated a Bishop. In obedience to a vision from Our Lord, Bishop Gregory built the first Christian Cathedral in the world in 303 A.D. with the support of the King. This cathedral was built in Vagharshapat, the capital of Armenia, not far from Mt. Ararat. In memory of the vision from our Lord to build this cathedral, the cathedral was named Holy Etchmiadzin (i. e., the place where The Only-Begotten Descended). Holy Etchmiadzin is still the official Seat of the head of the Armenian Apostolic Orthodox Church. The Church of Armenia participated in the First Ecumenical Council at Nicea (325 A.D.), with St. Aristakes, the younger son of St. Gregory the Enlightener, representing his ailing father. The Patriarch of Armenia was the first to use the title Catholicos, a practice since adopted by many neighboring jurisdictions in the Near East. In 485 A.D. the Seat of the Armenian Catholicos was moved from Holy Etchmiadzin to Dvin, where a Synod of Armenian, Georgian, and Caspio-Albanian Bishops in 506 A.D. confessed The Faith of the Third Ecumenical Council of Ephesus (431 A.D.) while rejecting Nestorianism and the acts of the Council of Chalcedon (451 A.D.). When Dvin was sacked by the Muslims in 927 A.D., the Catholicos' Seat was moved first to Aghtamar in Lake Van then to the fortified city of Ani. When Ani was captured by the Greeks in 1045 A.D., the Catholicos' Seat was moved to Romkla on the Euphrates River, then again transferred (c A.D.) to Sis, the capital of the Cilician Armenian Kingdom. In 1441 A.D. the Seat was returned to Holy Etchmiadzin. Several subsidiary Armenian Patriarchates emerged over the centuries. During the occupation of Armenia by the Arabs in the 7th century, the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem was recognized. Bishop Abraham was the first Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem ( A. D.). The Patriarchate of Aght'amar was established as the result of a schism within the Church of Armenia in 1113 A.D. The Armenian Patriarchate of Sis was created in 1441 A.D. The Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople was created in 1461 A.D. by the Ottoman government soon after their conquest of Turkey. The Catholic Armenian Patriarchate of Cilicia was created by Rome in 1742 A.D. The Patriarchates of Aght'amar and Albania (which was semiindependent from the earliest of times) have lapsed. All the Armenian Patriarchates (except the Catholic Patriarchate of Cilicia) acknowledge The Patriarch of Holy Echmiadzin as first among equals. The Turkish genocide against Armenian nationals in A.D. dealt a severe blow to The Armenian Church and decimated the Armenian population in Eastern Turkey. Of the 5,000 priests living before the Turkish massacres of Armenians, only 400 were still alive at the end of World War I. Because of this loss of population, the Patriarchate of Aght'amarian was abandoned. The Patriarchal See of Sis was confiscated by the Turkish government (c. 1920). The Catholicos/Patriarch of Sis, Sahak II, with the help of the Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem and the French, moved south to Antelias, north of Beirut, Lebanon. The Primate of The Church of Armenia bears the title: Patriarch and Catholicos of All the Armenians.

64 Apostolic Succession from The Church of Armenia Gregory Petros VIII, Catholicos-Patriarch of Cilicia of The Armenians, consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Leon Chorchorunian on 7 April 1861 A.D. as Titular Archbishop of Malatia. Archbishop Chorchorunian consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Leon Chechemian on 23 April 1879 A.D. as "a Bishop at Malatia, Asia Minor". Bishop Chechemian consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: James Martin on 2 November 1890 A.D. as Archbishop of Caerleon-upon-Usk. Archbishop Martin consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Benjamin Charles Harris on 25 July 1915 A.D. as Bishop of Essex. Bishop Harris consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Charles Leslie Saul on 17 November 1944 A.D. at St. Paul's Church, Outwood, near Radcliffe, Manchester, England. On 8 September 1945 A.D. Bishop Saul was given the title and position of Archbishop of Suthronia in the Eparchy of All the Britons. Archbishop Saul consecrated s.c. to the sacred Episcopate: Herman Philippus Abbinga on 28 November 1946 A.D. as Missionary Bishop for Holland and Indonesia, assisting Mar Georgius of the Catholic Apostolic Church and Bishop Richard Kenneth Hurgon of The Order of Christ Our Most Holy Redeemer and King. Bishop Abbinga consecrated s.c. to the Sacred Episcopate: Perry Nikolaus Cedarholm on 31 May 1953 A.D. in Oslo, Norway, as Bishop of Scandinavia for The Apostolic Episcopal Church. Bishop Cedarholm consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Archbishop Nils Bertil Alexander Persson Archbishop of Scandinavia, Igreja Catolica Apostolica Brasileira assisted by Abp. Emile Federico Rodriguez y Fairfield, Abp. Paul G. W. Schultz, Bishop Christopher Rogers, Bishop Carroll Lowery, Exarch Howard D. van Orden, Archbishop Arthur Garrow, Bishop Petros (Eric Veloso), Bishop Michael Marshal Consecrated to The Sacred Episcopate on 5 August 1989: Bishop Karl Julius Barwin Primate, The Evangelical Catholic Church. Bishop Karl J. Barwin did consecrated to the episcopate on May 12, 1990 George Augustus Stallings, Jr. - Patriarch and Archbishop of the African American Catholic Congregation, who consecrated Carlos Enrique Harvin - Bishop in 1996 for the African American Catholic Congregation. Bishop Harvin consecrated on January 18, 2004 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. - Presiding Bishop and Exarch of the Apostolic Society of Franciscan Communities (Order of Servant Franciscans of the Immaculata) Bishop Mariae consecrated on April 22 nd, 2006.

65 James M Long Presiding Archbishop United States Old Catholic Church. Bishop Long consecrated on December 10 th, 2016 Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church

66 The Apostolic Succession from The Syrian Patriarchate of Antioch and All The East During the centuries Syria was governed by Rome/Constantinople, Antioch came to rank among one of the greatest cities of the empire in prestige, luxury, culture, law, medicine, art, literature, philosophy, and religion. By the middle of the 5th century, paganism had died out and monasticism was flourishing. Antiimperial, nationalist politics, however, soon came to find expression in the Monophysite controversies, which politically weakened both Syria and Constantinople. When the Patriarch of Antioch, Severus (Sawiriyus I), patriotically embraced the Monophysite movement in A.D. 518, the Church of Syria split. The faction loyal to imperial government elected Bulus I as their new Patriarch and forced Ptr. Severus into exile at Alexandria. (The Faithful in the Patriarchates of Jerusalem, Alexandria, and Antioch who continued to recognize Papal and Imperial authority came to be called Melkites--after the Greek word for "king". For a rehearsal of The Evangelical Catholic Church's Apostolic Lines from this group, see the section The Melkite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch and All The East. In A.D. 542, during the fourth year of Patriarch Severus' Monophysite successor (Sergius, Sirjiyus), Fr. Ya'qub al-barda'i (Jacob Baradaeus) began a 36-year missionary journey throughout the Near East on behalf of Monophysitism and ordaining thousands of priests. His efforts solidified his Church's support among the common people and left such a positive and lasting impression that the Church for which he so arduously ministered is still fondly termed "Jacobite". Syria was absorbed into the Muslim world at the beginning of the seventh century. The Jacobite Church flourished for many centuries, enjoying better treatment under the Muslims than under Constantinople. Since A.D. 1313, however, the Church has experienced a long decline and many factional splits. Beginning with Patriarch Ignatius V (A.D. 1313), the Syrian prelate of Antioch has taken the name Ignatius as his religious name, in honor of St. Ignatius (the third Patriarch of Antioch), to which is added a second name and numeral. The head of this Syrian Church has the title: Patriarch of Antioch and of All the Domain of the Apostolic Throne. Moran Mar Ignatius Yacob II (Ighnatiyus Ya'qub II), Patriarch of Antioch and All The East, consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Joseph Mar Dionysios V (Joseph Pulikottil, /11/1909), as Metropolitan of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church on 12 February 1865 in Omeed (Deyarbekir), Turkey. He took the ecclesiastical name of Joseph Mar Dionysios V. Mar Dionysios consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar Julius I (Antonio Francisco Xavier Alvarez, ), in the chapel of the Syrian seminary in Kottayam as Archbishop of Ceylon, Goa and India on 29 July 1889, assisted by Paulose Mar Athanasius (Paulose Kadavil Kooran), Paulose Mar Ivanios (Paulose Murimatton), and Geevarghese Mar Gregorios (Geevarghese Pallathitta Chaturuthil), all Bishops of The Malankar Orthodox Syrian Church. He took the ecclesiastical name of Mar Julius I. Mar Julius consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar Timotheus I (Joseph Rene Vilatte, 1/24/1854-7/8/1929), in Ceylon (nor Sri Lanka) as Archbishop- Exarch of North America for The American Catholic Church on 29 May 1892, assisted by Paulose Mar Athanasius (Paulose Kadavil Kooran) and Geevarghese Mar Gregorios (Geevarghese Pallathitta Chaturuthil), Bishops of The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, in accordance with the Patriarchal Bull of Moran Mor Ignatius Peter III dated 29 December 1891 at Mardin. Mar Timotheus I consecrated to the

67 Sacred Episcopate: Mar Francis (John Barwell Walker, aka Edmund Basile Walker-Baxter, 10/25/1881-4/2/1963) on 1 June 1923, taking the ecclesiastical namefrancis. He succeeded Mar Timotheus (Vilatte) on 25 June 1923 as Grand Master of The Order of The Crown of Thorns, taking the title of Prince Edmond de San Luigi, Edmond I. On 1 January 1946 he was consecrated by Antoine Joseph Aneed (Byzantine Universal {Catholic} and Orthodox Church of the Americas), assisted by Bishop Henry Joseph Kleefisch and Bishop Charles H. Hampton, and assigned as Titular Bishop of Caesarea. Mar Francis consecrated s.c. to the Sacred Episcopate: Emile Federico Rodriguez y Fairfield (7/3/1912 -?), for the Byzantine Universal (Catholic) and Orthodox Church of the Americas sub conditione on 24 August Archbishop Emile, Iglesia Catolica Apostolica Mexicana, consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Karl Julius Barwin Primate, The Evangelical Catholic Church. Bishop Karl J. Barwin did consecrated to the episcopate on May 12, 1990 George Augustus Stallings, Jr. - Patriarch and Archbishop of the African American Catholic Congregation, who consecrated Carlos Enrique Harvin - Bishop in 1996 for the African American Catholic Congregation. Bishop Harvin consecrated on January 18, 2004 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. - Presiding Bishop and Exarch of the Apostolic Society of Franciscan Communities (Order of Servant Franciscans of the Immaculata). Bishop Mariae consecrated on April 22 nd, James M Long Presiding Archbishop United States Old Catholic Church. Bishop Long consecrated on December 10 th, 2016 Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church

68 The Apostolic Succession from The Melkite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch and All The East Melkite (or Melchite) is the name given by the Monophysites to those Christians in the Patriarchates of Jerusalem, Alexandria, and Antioch after The Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon in 451 A.D. who continued to accept and recognize the Papal and Imperial authority of Rome. Although originally the term "Melkite" was applied to all of the Chalcedonian Orthodox jurisdictions, it later came to refer specifically to The Greek Catholic Church of Antioch. During the Middle Ages, two factions gradually emerged within The Melkite Church of Antioch, one favoring continued contact with Rome and the other preferring complete autocephaly. Finally, in 1724 A.D., each faction elected its own Patriarch. One faction within the Synod elected Kirillus Tanas (an advocate of autonomy under the Pope) as the new Patriarch, another faction simultaneously elected Silfistrus (who favored autocephaly under the Ecumenical Patriarch) as Patriarch. Rome recognized Kirillus VI Tanas shortly after his election as The Patriarch of Antioch and all the East, of Alexandria and of Jerusalem. His jurisdiction includes all Greek Melkite uniates in the Near East and the Americas. He alternates his residence between the cities of Cairo and Beirut, spending six months in each. The Patriarchs of this jurisdiction have been known for their erudition and learning, and have been native Syrians from the beginning of the split.

69 Apostolic Succession from the Melkite-Greek Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch and All The East Cyrillos VIII Jeha (Petros Geha, ), the Melkite-Greek Catholic Patriarch of Antioch and all the East, of Alexandria and of Jerusalem, consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Athanasios (Melece Saouaya/Sawoya, 3/15/ /6/1919) on 5 February 1905 in The Chapel of St Michael at Cairo, Egypt, as Metropolitan Archbishop of Beirut and Gebeil, Lebanon. Abp. Athanasios (Sawoya) consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Antoun Anid (Anthony Aneed, 2/27/ /24/1970) on 9 October 1911 in New York as Assistant Bishop (although not recognized by Rome, this consecration was later recognized by Patriarch Kirillus IX Mughabghab of The Melkite-Greek Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch). On 1 January 1946 Bishop Aneed was enthroned as Patriarch of The Byzantine Universal (Catholic) and Orthodox Church of the Americas. Patriarch Aneed consecrated s.c. to the Sacred Episcopate: Emile Federico Rodriguez y Fairfield on 24 November Archbishop Rodriguez y Fairfield was installed as the Archbishop/Primate of the Iglesia Ortodoxa Catolica Apostolica Mexicana on 13 September Archbishop Emile consecrated de novo to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Karl Julius Barwin Primate, The Evangelical Catholic Church. Bishop Karl J. Barwin did consecrated to the episcopate on May 12, 1990 George Augustus Stallings, Jr. - Patriarch and Archbishop of the African American Catholic Congregation, who consecrated Carlos Enrique Harvin - Bishop in 1996 for the African American Catholic Congregation. Bishop Harvin consecrated on January 18, 2004 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. - Presiding Bishop and Exarch of the Apostolic Society of Franciscan Communities (Order of Servant Franciscans of the Immaculata). Bishop Mariae consecrated on April 22 nd, James M Long Presiding Archbishop United States Old Catholic Church. Bishop Long consecrated on December 10 th, 2016 Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church

70 Apostolic Succession II from the Melkite-Greek Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch and All The East Cyrillos VIII Jeha (Petros Geha, ), the Melkite-Greek Catholic Patriarch of Antioch and all the East, of Alexandria and of Jerusalem, consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Athanasios (Melece Saouaya/Sawoya, 3/15/ /6/1919) on 5 February 1905 in The Chapel of St Michael at Cairo, Egypt, as Metropolitan Archbishop of Beirut and Gebeil, Lebanon. Abp. Athanasios (Sawoya) consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Antoun Anid (Anthony Aneed, 2/27/ /24/1970) on 9 October 1911 in New York as Assistant Bishop (although not recognized by Rome, this consecration was later recognized by Patriarch Kirillus IX Mughabghab of The Melkite-Greek Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch). On 1 January 1946 Bishop Anid was enthroned as Patriarch of The Byzantine Universal (Catholic) and Orthodox Church of the Americas. Patriarch Anid, together with Primate Lowell Paul Wadle (The American Catholic Church), Bishop Henry Joseph Kleefisch (The Byzantine Universal Orthodox Church), and Bishop Charles H. Hampton (The Old Roman Catholic Church), consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar David I (Wallace David de Ortega Maxey, 02/22/ /12/1992) on 23 August He became the Primate of The Apostolic Episcopal Church in America on 7 July 1948 but later resigned from that office, not returning to The Apostolic Episcopal Church in America until the early 1970's. Mar David, assisted by Primate Robert Ronald Ramm (The Apostolic Episcopal Catholic Church), consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Archbishop Nils Bertil Alexander Persson and enthroned him as Primate of The Apostolic Episcopal Church on 7 November Abp. Persson succeeded Abp. Robert Ronald Ramm on 11 November 1986 as Primate of The Apostolic Episcopal Catholic Church. Archbishop Persson also serves as the Missionary General for Scandinavia and All Europe for both the Iglesia Filipina Independiente (Philippine Independent Catholic Church, confirmed 15 June 1988; this is a member jurisdiction of The Anglican Communion) and the Igreja Católica Apostólica Brasiliera (Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church, confirmed 14 June 1987). Archbishop Persson consecrated de novo to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Karl Julius Barwin Primate, The Evangelical Catholic Church. Bishop Karl J. Barwin did consecrated to the episcopate on May 12, 1990 George Augustus Stallings, Jr. - Patriarch and Archbishop of the African American Catholic Congregation, who consecrated Carlos Enrique Harvin - Bishop in 1996 for the African American Catholic Congregation. Bishop Harvin consecrated on January 18, 2004 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. - Presiding Bishop and Exarch of the Apostolic Society of Franciscan Communities (Order of Servant Franciscans of the Immaculata). Bishop Mariae consecrated on April 22 nd, James M Long Presiding Archbishop United States Old Catholic Church Bishop Long consecrated on December 10 th, 2016 Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church

71 The Apostolic Succession from the Church of Cyprus The Church of Cyprus was founded, according to Tradition, by St. Barnabas (mentioned in The New Testament). In A.D. 431 She was recognized as autocephalous under an independent Archbishop. During the Crusades, Cyprus was seized by Richard I, King of England. King Richard gave the island to Guy of Lusignan, titular King of Jerusalem, c A.D., who placed the Orthodox Bishops of Cyprus under the Latin Archbishop of Nikosia. Finally, when Orthodox Archbishop Germanos died ( c A.D.), The Church of Cyprus was not allowed to elect a new Primate. Venice took control of Cyprus in 1489 A.D., but still did not allow the election of a new Primate. The Ottoman Empire gained control of Cyprus in 1571 A.D., at which time the Orthodox Faithful began instigating for a new Primate. In 1572 A.D., Turkey finally allowed the election of a new Archbishop of New Justiniana and All Cyprus. In 1821 A.D. they murdered the Archbishop (Kyprianos) and his three Bishops for aiding the Greek rebels on the mainland. At the end of the Russo-Turkish War ( ), fearing Russian expansion, Turkey turned complete control of Cyprus over to the British for a rental of c. $500,000 a year (with Turkey retaining nominal title to the island). In the 20th century, Cyprus has been continuously plagued with fighting: between the Greek and the Turkish populations, between the British administration and those seeking union with Greece and those seeking total independence. The Archepiscopal throne was vacant several times during this period (e.g., , ). The Primate of The Church of Cyprus bears the title Archbishop of New Justiniana and All Cyprus and resides in Nikosia. Makarios II, Archbishop of New Justiniana and All Cyprus, consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Makarios III (Mikhail Christodolou Mouskos Kykkotis, 8/13/13--8/3/77) on 13 June Bishop Kykkotis was elected Primate of Cyprus in Archbishop Makarios III consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Theoklitos Kantaris as Bishop of Salamis, Cyprus. Bishop Kantaris consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Wolodymyr I (Walter Myron Propheta, /10/72) on 30 March 1965 as Archbishop of the American Orthodox Catholic Church with the title of Patriarch Wolodymyr I, assisted by Abp. Theodotus (Stanislaus de Witow). (Bishop Propheta was first consecrated on 3 October 1964 by Patriarch Joachim Souris of the True Orthodox Church of Greece, assisted by Abp. Theodotus. Some view the 1965 elevation as not a consecration to the Office of Archbishop but merely an installation into that Office.) Patriarch Wolodymyr I consecrated s.c. to the Sacred Episcopate: Homer Ferdinand Roebke on 4 March 1967 as Archbishop for The American Orthodox Catholic Church. Archbishop Roebke consecrated s.c. to the Sacred Episcopate:

72 Paul Christian G. W. Schultz (4/10/31--9/13/95) on 7 May Archbishop Schultz consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Karl Julius Barwin Primate, The Evangelical Catholic Church. Bishop Karl J. Barwin did consecrated to the episcopate on May 12, 1990 George Augustus Stallings, Jr. - Patriarch and Archbishop of the African American Catholic Congregation, who consecrated Carlos Enrique Harvin - Bishop in 1996 for the African American Catholic Congregation. Bishop Harvin consecrated on January 18, 2004 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. - Presiding Bishop and Exarch of the Apostolic Society of Franciscan Communities (Order of Servant Franciscans of the Immaculata). Bishop Mariae consecrated on April 22 nd, James M Long Presiding Archbishop United States Old Catholic Church. Bishop Long consecrated on December 10 th, 2016 Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church The Apostolic Succession From The Order of Corporate Reunion At the direction of the Roman Catholic Hierarch at Milan, Italy, in the summer of 1877, a plan was initiated for the purpose of introducing Orders into a Pro-Uniate Movement within The Church of England which The Vatican would be compelled to recognize as valid. Roman Catholic Archbishop Luigi Nazari di Calabiana of Milan (consecrated 12 April 1847; Archbishop of Milan from ), joined near the city of Venice, Italy, by two unnamed Bishops (Greek and Coptic, their names being kept under the confessional seal but their validity guaranteed by The Vatican), did consecrate three bishops in the summer of 1877 to the sacred episcopacy: Dr. Frederick George Lee (01/06/ /22/02) as Bishop of Dorchester and Primate I of The Order of Corporate Reunion. Thomas Wimberley Mossman ( /06/1885 ) as Bishop of Selby. Dr. John Thomas Seccombe ( ) as Bishop of Caerleon. Bp. Lee, Bp. Mossman and Bp. Seccombe, assisting Mar Pelagius I (Patriarch Richard Williams Morgan, First British Patriarch of the Patriarchate of Antioch for the Ancient British Church, consecrated in 1874 by Mar Julius {Raimond Ferrette}, Bishop of Iona and Patriarchal Legate for Western Europe; at some time Bp. Morgan was also consecrated by Bp. Seccombe), consecrated to the sacred episcopacy on 6 March 1879:

73 Charles Isaac Stevens ( /02/17) as Mar Theophilus I for The Order of Corporate Reunion; later Hierarch of Caerleon-on-Usk and Second Patriarch of The Ancient British Church. Mar Theophilus I, assisted by Bp. Alfred Spencer Richardson of The Reformed Episcopal Church, consecrated to the sacred episcopacy on 4 May 1890: Leon Chechemian ( ) asmar Leon, Archbishop of Selsey for The Ancient British Church. Abp. Chechemian, assisted by Abp. James Martin, Bp. Frederick Boucher, and Bp. George W. L. Maaers, consecrated to the sacred episcopacy on 2 November 1897: Andrew Charles Albert McLagen ) as Colonial Missionary Bishop for Cape Colony and Titular Bishop of Claremont. In 1919 Bp. McLagen became the 4th Patriarch of The Ancient British Church. Ptr. McLagen consecrated to the sacred episcopacy on 4 June 1922: Herbert James Monzani-Heard ( /15/47) in St. Andrew's Church, Retreat Place, London, as Mar Jacobus II, Bishop of Selsey and Primate of The Ancient British Church and the United Armenian Catholic Church. Bp. Heard became the 5th Patriarch of The Ancient British Church/Free Protestant Episcopal Church in Ptr. Monzani-Heard consecrated to the sacred episcopacy on 13 June 1943: William Bernard Crow (09/11/ /28/76) as Mar Bernard, Bishop of Santa Sophia. On 17 October 1943 at "The Council of London," Bp. Crow was elected by representatives of The Ancient British Church, British Orthodox Catholic Church, Apostolic Episcopal Church, Old Catholic Orthodox Church, Order of the Holy Wisdom, and Order of Antioch to the Patriarchal See of Antioch with the title of Mar Basilius Abdullah III. On 23 March 1944 the Ancient British Church, British Orthodox Catholic Church and the Old Catholic Orthodox Church banded together to form The Western Orthodox Catholic Church. Ptr. Mar Basilius Abdullah II consecrated to the sacred episcopacy on 10 April 1944: Hugh George de Willmott Newman 01/17/05-02/28/79) as Mar Georgius. On 29 January 1945 Mar Georgius became the 6th Patriarch of The Ancient British Church with the title Patriarch of Glastonbury. Ptr. Mar Georgius, assisted by Mar Joannes, Titular Bishop of St. Marylebone (William John Eaton Jeffrey), Mar Leofric, Archbishop of Suthronia in the Eparchy of all the Britons (Charles Leslie Saul), and Mar David, Bishop of Repton (Dr. Francis David Bacon), consecrated to the sacred episcopacy on 22 April 1946: Richard Kenneth Hurgon (04/24/02 -?) as Mar Benignus, Titular Bishop of Mere (Somerset). On 29 March 1981 Mar Benignus became Primus of The Reformed Catholic Church (Utrecht Confession). Bp. Hurgon consecrated to the sacred episcopacy on 7 December 1985: Nils Bertil Alexander Persson (11/10/41 - ), Archbishop of Europe & Asia, The Apostolic Episcopal Church. He was enthroned as Primate of the Apostolic Episcopal Church on 7 November 1986 and served as Primate VIII of The Order of Corporate Reunion. Abp. Persson, assisted by Archbishop Emile Federico Rodrigues y Fairfield (Iglesia Ortodoxa Catolica Apostolica Mexicana), Abp. Howard D. van Orden (Philippine Independent Catholic Church in the Americas), Bishop Carroll T. Lowery (The Apostolic Episcopal Church), and Archbishop Arthur J. Garrow (The Archiepiscopate Ordinariate of Healing Arts Missionaries & Chaplains in America), each assisting, coöperating and co-consecrating by laying on hands and uttering all the words of consecration in unison, together with Archbishop Paul Christian Gerald W. Schultz (Archbishop of Los Angeles, Administrator of The Philippine Independent Catholic Church in The Americas, and Apostolic Administrator in the U.S.A. for The Apostolic Episcopal Church), Bishop Eric T. Ong Veloso (Orthodox Catholic Church in The Philippines), Bishop Christopher J. Rogers (Philippine Independent Catholic Church in The Americas), and Exarch Marciel (Michael Marshall, Orthodox Old Catholic Church), consecrated to the sacred episcopacy on 5 August 1989:

74 Karl Julius Barwin (10/16/43 - ), Primate, The Evangelical Catholic Church. Bishop Karl J. Barwin did consecrated to the episcopate on May 12, 1990 George Augustus Stallings, Jr. - Patriarch and Archbishop of the African American Catholic Congregation, who consecrated Carlos Enrique Harvin - Bishop in 1996 for the African American Catholic Congregation. Bishop Harvin consecrated on January 18, 2004 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. - Presiding Bishop and Exarch of the Apostolic Society of Franciscan Communities (Order of Servant Franciscans of the Immaculata). Bishop Mariae consecrated on April 22 nd, James M Long Presiding Archbishop United States Old Catholic Church.

75 Antiochean-Jacobite Sucession ANTIOCHEAN-JACOBITE SUCCESSION 1. Peter, 38; 2. Evodus 40; 3. Ignatius I, 43; 4. Aaron, 123; 5. Cornelius, 123; 6. Eodos, 142; 7. Theophulus, 157; 8. Maximinus, 171; 9. Seraphim, 179; 10. Astlediaes, 189; 11. Philip, 201; 12. Sebinus {Zebinus},219; 13. Babylos, 237; 14. Fabius, 250; 15. Demetrius, 251; 16. Paul I, 259; 17. Domnus I, 270; 18. Timotheus, 281; 19. Cyrilus, 281; 20. Tyrantus, 296; 21. Vitalius, 301; 22. Philognius, 318; 23. Eustachius, 323; 24. Paulinius, 338; 25. Philabianus, 383; 26. Evagrius, 386; 27. Phosohorius, 416; 28. Alexander, 418; 29. John I, 428; 30. Theodotus, 431; 31. Domnus II, 442; 32. Maximus, 450; 33. Accacius, 454; 34. Martyrius, 457; 35. Peter II, 464; 36. Philadius, 500; 37. Serverius, 509; 38. Segius, 544; 39. Domnus III, 547; 40. Anadtasius, 560; 41. Gregory I, 564; 42. Paul II, 567; 43. Patra, 571; 44. Domnus IV, 586; 45. Julianus, 591; 46. Athanasius I, 595; 47. John II, 636; 48. Theodorus I, 649; 49. Severus, 668; 50. Athanasius II, 684; 51. Julianus II, 687; 52. Elias I, 709; 53. Athanasius III 724; 54. Evanius I, 740; 55. Gervasius I, 759;

76 56. Joseph, 790; 57. Cyriacus, 793; 58. Dionysius I, 818; 59. John III, 847; 60. Ignatius II, 877; 61. Theodosius, 887; 62. Dionysius II 897; 63. John IV, 910; 64. ()Basilus I, 922; 65. John V, 936; 66. Evanius II, 954; 67. Dionysius III, 958; 68. Abraham I, 962; 69. John VI, 965, 70. Athamasius IV, 987; 71. John VII, 1004; 72. Dionysius IV, 1032; 73. Theodorus II, 1042; 74. Athanasius V, 1058; 75. John VIII, 1064; 76. Basilius II, 1074; 77. Abdoone, 1076; 78. Dionysius V, 1077; 79. Evanius III, 1080; 80. ()Dionysius VI, 1088; 81. Athanasius VI, 1091; 82. John IX, 1131; 83. Athanasius VII, 1139; 84. Michael I, 1167; 85. Athanasius VIII, 1200; 86. Michael II, 1207; 87. John X, 1208; 88. Ignatius III, 1223; 89. Dionysius VII, 1253; 90. John XI, 1253; 91. Ignatius IV, 1264; 92. Philanus, 1283; 93. Ignatius Baruhid, 1293; 94. Ignatius Ismael, 1333; 95. Ignatius Basilius III, 1366; 96. Ignatius Abraham II, 1382; 97. Ignatius Bacalius IV, 1412; 98. Ignatius Behanam I, 1415; 99. Ignatius Kalejih, 1455; 100.Ignatius John XII, 1483; 101.Ignatius Noah, 1492; 102.Ignatius Jesus I, 1509; 103.Ignatius Jacob I, 1510; 104.Ignatius David I, 1519; 105.Ignatius Abdullah I, 1520; 106.Ignatius Naamathalak, 1557; 107.Ignatius David II, 1577; 108.Ignatius Philathus, 1591; 109.Ignatius Abdullah II, 1597; 110.Ignatius Cadhai, 1598; 111.Ignatius Simeon, 1640; 112.Ignatius Jesus II, 1661; 113.Ignatius Messiah, 1661; 114.Ignatius Cabeeb, 1686;

77 115.Ignatius Gervasius II, 1687; 116.Ignatius Isaac, 1708; 117.Ignatius Siccarablak, 1722; 118.Ignatius Gervasius III, 1746; 119.Ignatius Gervasius IV, 1768; 120.Ignatius Mathias, 1781; 121.Ignatius Behanam, 1810; 122.Ignatius Jonas, 1817; 123.Ignatius Gervasius V, 1818; 124.Ignatius Elias II, 1839; 125.Ignatius Jacob II, 1847; 126.Mar Ignatius Peter III, Paulose Mar Athanasius (Kadavil Kooran) was consecrated on December 4, 1907 by Mar Ignatius Peter III as Syrian Antioch Bishop of Kottayam and Metropolitan of Malabar (India) Mar Julius I (Antonio Francis Xavier Alvares) was consecrated July 28, 1889, by Paulose Mar Athanasius, under authority of Patriarch Ignatius Peter III to be Archbishop of the Latin Rite Independent Catholic Church of Ceylon, Goa and India Joseph Rene Vilatte was consecrated on May 29, 1892 in Columba, Ceylon at Our Lady of Good Death Cathedral by Mar Julius I, under authority of a Bull of Mar Ignatius Peter III, to serve as Archbishop of North America Fredrick E. Lloyd, 1915; 131.Samuel Gregory Lines, Howard Ellsworth Mather (1933) 133. Joseph (Mar Narsai) Vredenburgh (1963) 134. John-Noel Murray (1986) 135. Thomas Clary (1994) 136. Carl Gregory William Purvenas-Smith 137. Anthony Hash (1995) 138. Michael Carroll (2003) 139. Franciscus-Mariae (2004) 140. James M Long (2006) 141. Kristina Rake (2016)

78 The Primary Apostolic Succession from The Syrian-Malankarese (African Orthodox) Church Believing that Blacks should have a Church of their own, a PECUSA priest (the Rev'd Dr. George Alexander McGuire, an immigrant from the West Indies), withdrew from that jurisdiction to establish independent Black congregations in the United States. This new movement was first called the Independent Episcopal Church, but a few years later (on 2 September 1921) in The Church of the Good Shepherd in New York City the name was changed to "The African Orthodox Church." This meeting became the first General Synod of the new jurisdiction, which also elected Fr. McGuire as its first Bishop. Negotiations were immediately initiated with The Russian Orthodox Church in America in order to obtain valid Apostolic Orders for the newly elected Bishop. With the uncanonical actions of other national Orthodox groups in the United States, taking advantage of the confusion and disorganization caused by the Communist Revolution in Russia, the Russians were hesitant to assist the formation of yet another "independent" jurisdiction. They made it clear that they were willing to talk, but in the end they intended to fully control this Black jurisdiction. Such an arrangement was totally unacceptable to Fr. McGuire and the other leaders of this new jurisdiction. Other Orthodox groups in the U.S.A. expressed the same willingness and intent as the Russians, however. The African Orthodox Church finally entered into negotiations with Archbishop Joseph Rene Vilatte and The American Catholic Church. Bishop-elect George Alexander McGuire was finally consecrated on 28 September 1921 by Archbishop Vilatte (who took his episcopal orders from the West Syrian Church of Antioch) and Bishop Carl A. Nybladh (of The Swedish Orthodox Church) in The Church of Our Lady of Good Death in Chicago, Illinois. The African Orthodox Church lays strong emphasis upon the Apostolic Succession, a valid priesthood and upon the historic Mysteries and Rites of The One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church. It holds the original seven Sacraments of the Western Church; its worship is a blending of Western and Eastern liturgies and it espouses the three traditional and historic Catholic Creeds (i.e., Apostles, Nicene and Athanasian).. Polity is, of course, episcopal; bishops are in charge of dioceses or jurisdictions. Groups of dioceses form a Province, which is led by an Archbishop. The Primate Archbishop Metropolitan is general overseer of all the work of the Church, which now extends over the United States, Canada, Latin America, and the Union of South Africa. All baptized are considered members of the Church. SYRIAN MALANKARESE (AFRICAN ORTHODOX) SUCCESSION 1. Peter, 38; 2. Evodus 40; 3. Ignatius I, 43; 4. Aaron, 123; 5. Cornelius, 123; 6. Eodos, 142; 7. Theophulus, 157; 8. Maximinus, 171; 9. Seraphim, 179; 10. Astlediaes, 189; 11. Philip, 201; 12. Sebinus {Zebinus},219; 13. Babylos, 237; 14. Fabius, 250; 15. Demetrius, 251; 16. Paul I, 259;

79 17. Domnus I, 270; 18. Timotheus, 281; 19. Cyrilus, 281; 20. Tyrantus, 296; 21. Vitalius, 301; 22. Philognius, 318; 23. Eustachius, 323; 24. Paulinius, 338; 25. Philabianus, 383; 26. Evagrius, 386; 27. Phosohorius, 416; 28. Alexander, 418; 29. John I, 428; 30. Theodotus, 431; 31. Domnus II, 442; 32. Maximus, 450; 33. Accacius, 454; 34. Martyrius, 457; 35. Peter II, 464; 36. Philadius, 500; 37. Serverius, 509; 38. Segius, 544; 39. Domnus III, 547; 40. Anadtasius, 560; 41. Gregory I, 564; 42. Paul II, 567; 43. Patra, 571; 44. Domnus IV, 586; 45. Julianus, 591; 46. Athanasius I, 595; 47. John II, 636; 48. Theodorus I, 649; 49. Severus, 668; 50. Athanasius II, 684; 51. Julianus II, 687; 52. Elias I, 709; 53. Athanasius III 724; 54. Evanius I, 740; 55. Gervasius I, 759; 56. Joseph, 790; 57. Cyriacus, 793; 58. Dionysius I, 818; 59. John III, 847; 60. Ignatius II, 877; 61. Theodosius, 887; 62. Dionysius II 897; 63. John IV, 910; 64. Basilus I, 922; 65. John V, 936; 66. Evanius II, 954; 67. Dionysius III, 958; 68. Abraham I, 962; 69. John VI, 965, 70. Athamasius IV, 987; 71. John VII, 1004; 72. Dionysius IV, 1032; 73. Theodorus II, 1042; 74. Athanasius V, 1058; 75. John VIII, 1064; 76. Basilius II, 1074; 77. Abdoone, 1076; 78. Dionysius V, 1077; 79. Evanius III, 1080; 80. Dionysius VI, 1088; 81. Athanasius VI, 1091;

80 82. John IX, 1131; 83. Athanasius VII, 1139; 84. Michael I, 1167; 85. Athanasius VIII, 1200; 86. Michael II, 1207; 87. John X, 1208; 88. Ignatius III, 1223; 89. Dionysius VII, 1253; 90. John XI, 1253; 91. Ignatius IV, 1264; 92. Philanus, 1283; 93. Ignatius Baruhid, 1293; 94. Ignatius Ismael, 1333; 95. Ignatius Basilius III, 1366; 96. Ignatius Abraham II, 1382; 97. Ignatius Bacalius IV, 1412; 98. Ignatius Behanam I, 1415; 99. Ignatius Kalejih, 1455; 100.Ignatius John XII, 1483; 101.Ignatius Noah, 1492; 102.Ignatius Jesus I, 1509; 103.Ignatius Jacob I, 1510; 104.Ignatius David I, 1519; 105.Ignatius Abdullah I, 1520; 106.Ignatius Naamathalak, 1557; 107.Ignatius David II, 1577; 108.Ignatius Philathus, 1591; 109.Ignatius Abdullah II, 1597; 110.Ignatius Cadhai, 1598; 111.Ignatius Simeon, 1640; 112.Ignatius Jesus II, 1661; 113.Ignatius Messiah, 1661; 114.Ignatius Cabeeb, 1686; 115.Ignatius Gervasius II, 1687; 116.Ignatius Isaac, 1708; 117.Ignatius Siccarablak, 1722; 118.Ignatius Gervasius III, 1746; 119.Ignatius Gervasius IV, 1768; 120.Ignatius Mathias, 1781; 121.Ignatius Behanam, 1810; 122.Ignatius Jonas, 1817; 123.Ignatius Gervasius V, 1818; 124.Ignatius Elias II, 1839; 125.Ignatius Jacob II, 1847; 126.Mar Ignatius Peter III, Paulose Mar Athanasius (Kadavil Kooran) was consecrated on December 4, 1907 by Mar Ignatius Peter III as Syrian Antioch Bishop of Kottayam and Metropolitan of Malabar (India) Mar Julius I (Antonio Francis Xavier Alvares) was consecrated July 28, 1889, by Paulose Mar Athanasius, under authority of Patriarch Ignatius Peter III to be Archbishop of the Latin Rite Independent Catholic Church of Ceylon, Goa and India Mar Timotheus I (Joseph Rene Vilatte, ), Archbishop-Exarch of North America for The American Catholic Church, assisted by Bishop Carl A. Nybladh of The Swedish Orthodox Church, consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: 130. Bishop George Alexander McGuire (03/26/ /10/1934) as Bishop of The African Orthodox Church in The Church of Our Lady of Good Death in Chicago, Illinois. Bp. McGuire became Primate in 1924 and took the title of Patriarch Alexander I. Bishop McGuire, assisted by Bp. Frederick Ebenezer John Lloyd (Primate of The American Catholic Church), consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: 131. Bishop William Ernest James Robertson (02/29/ ) as Bishop of The African Orthodox Church in The Cathedral Church of the Good Shepherd in New York City on 18 November Bp. Robertson became Primate of The African Orthodox Church in 1934 and took the title of Mar James I.

81 Bishop Robertson, assisted by Abp. Richard Grant Robinson (Abp. of Philadelphia), Bp. Clement John Cyril Sherwood, Bp. Collins Gordon Wolcott, and four other Bishops, consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: 132. Bishop William Russell Miller (03/02/1900 -?) as Bishop of The African Orthodox Church on 6 August 1950 and as African Orthodox Rector in Brooklyn, N.Y. Bp. Miller became Primate of The African Orthodox Church in Ptr. Miller, assisted by Bp. George. Duncan Hinkson, consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: 133. Bishop Richard Thomas McFarland as Bishop of The African Orthodox Church on 31 October Bp. McFarland, assisted by Bp. Leonard J. Curreri (Tridentine Catholic Church), consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: 134. Bishop Peter Paul Brennan as Bishop in Our Lady Queen of Heaven Church, Long Island, N.Y. on 10 June Bp. Brennan, assisting Bp. Patrick J. Callahan, consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: 135. Bishop Howard D. van Orden ( ) as Bishop of The Western Rite Orthodox Catholic Church of Jesus in St. Stephen's Orthodox Catholic Church of Savannah, Georgia, on 14 October Bp. van Orden was consecrated sub conditione for The Philippine Independent Catholic Church in the Americas on 10 December 1988 by Abp. Francisco de Jesus Pagtakhan (Archbishop Secretary for Missions, Ecumenical Relations and Foreign Affairs), assisted by Abp. Paul Schultz, Bp. Christopher Rogers, and Bp. Carroll Lowery. Bishop van Orden consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: 136. Bishop Karl Julius Barwin (10/16/43 - ) as Primate of The Evangelical Catholic Church on The Feast of Saint Addai and Saint Mari (5 August) 1989, in The Chapel of The Holy Guardian Angels in Glendale, California, assisting Archbishop Bertil Persson (The Apostolic Episcopal Church), Archbishop Emile Federico Rodrigues y Fairfield (Iglesia Ortodoxa Catolica Apostolica Mexicana), Bishop Carroll T. Lowery (The Apostolic Episcopal Church), and Archbishop Arthur J. Garrow (The Archiepiscopate Ordinariate of Healing Arts Missionaries & Chaplains in America), each assisting, coöperating and co-consecrating by laying on hands and uttering all the words of consecration. Assisting as Co-Consecrators were Archbishop Paul Christian Gerald W. Schultz (Archbishop of Los Angeles, Administrator of The Philippine Independent Catholic Church in The Americas, and Apostolic Administrator of the U.S.A. for The Apostolic Episcopal Church), Bishop Eric T. Ong Veloso (Orthodox Catholic Church in The Philippines), Bishop Christopher J. Rogers (Philippine Independent Catholic Church in The Americas), and Exarch Marciel (Michael Marshall, Orthodox Old Catholic Church). Bishop Karl J. Barwin did consecrated to the episcopate on May 12, George Augustus Stallings, Jr. - Patriarch and Archbishop of the African American Catholic Congregation, who consecrated 138. Carlos Enrique Harvin - Bishop in 1996 for the African American Catholic Congregation. Bishop Harvin consecrated on January 18, Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. - Presiding Bishop and Exarch of the Apostolic Society of Franciscan Communities (Order of Servant Franciscans of the Immaculata). Who consecrated on April 22 nd, James M Long Presiding Archbishop United States Old Catholic Church. Bishop Long consecrated on December 10 th, Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church

82 SUCCESSION II 129. Peter, 38; 130. Evodus 40; 131. Ignatius I, 43; 132. Aaron, 123; 133. Cornelius, 123; 134. Eodos, 142; 135. Theophulus, 157; 136. Maximinus, 171; 137. Seraphim, 179; 138. Astlediaes, 189; 139. Philip, 201; 140.Sebinus {Zebinus},219; 141.Babylos, 237; 142. Fabius, 250; 143. Demetrius, 251; 144. Paul I, 259; 145. Domnus I, 270; 146. Timotheus, 281; 147. Cyrilus, 281; 148. Tyrantus, 296; 149. Vitalius, 301; 150. Philognius, 318; 151. Eustachius, 323; 152. Paulinius, 338; 153. Philabianus, 383; 154. Evagrius, 386; 155. Phosohorius, 416; 156. Alexander, 418; 157. John I, 428; 158. Theodotus, 431; 159. Domnus II, 442; 160. Maximus, 450; 161. Accacius, 454; 162. Martyrius, 457; 163. Peter II, 464; 164. Philadius, 500; 165. Serverius, 509; 166. Segius, 544; 167. Domnus III, 547; 168. Anadtasius, 560; 169. Gregory I, 564; 170. Paul II, 567; 171. Patra, 571; 172. Domnus IV, 586; 173. Julianus, 591; 174. Athanasius I, 595; 175. John II, 636; 176. Theodorus I, 649; 177. Severus, 668; 178. Athanasius II, 684; 179. Julianus II, 687; 180. Elias I, 709; 181. Athanasius III 724; 182. Evanius I, 740; 183. Gervasius I, 759; 184. Joseph, 790; 185. Cyriacus, 793; 186. Dionysius I, 818; 187. John III, 847; 188. Ignatius II, 877; 189. Theodosius, 887;

83 190. Dionysius II 897; 191. John IV, 910; 192. Basilus I, 922; 193. John V, 936; 194. Evanius II, 954; 195. Dionysius III, 958; 196. Abraham I, 962; 197. John VI, 965, 198. Athamasius IV, 987; 199. John VII, 1004; 200. Dionysius IV, 1032; 201. Theodorus II, 1042; 202. Athanasius V, 1058; 203. John VIII, 1064; 204. Basilius II, 1074; 205. Abdoone, 1076; 206. Dionysius V, 1077; 207. Evanius III, 1080; 208. Dionysius VI, 1088; 209. Athanasius VI, 1091; 210. John IX, 1131; 211. Athanasius VII, 1139; 212. Michael I, 1167; 213. Athanasius VIII, 1200; 214. Michael II, 1207; 215.John X, 1208; 216. Ignatius III, 1223; 217. Dionysius VII, 1253; 218. John XI, 1253; 219. Ignatius IV, 1264; 220. Philanus, 1283; 221. Ignatius Baruhid, 1293; 222. Ignatius Ismael, 1333; 223.Ignatius Basilius III, 1366; 224.Ignatius Abraham II, 1382; 225.Ignatius Bacalius IV, 1412; 226.Ignatius Behanam I, 1415; 227.Ignatius Kalejih, 1455; 228.Ignatius John XII, 1483; 229.Ignatius Noah, 1492; 230.Ignatius Jesus I, 1509; 231.Ignatius Jacob I, 1510; 232.Ignatius David I, 1519; 233.Ignatius Abdullah I, 1520; 234.Ignatius Naamathalak, 1557; 235.Ignatius David II, 1577; 236.Ignatius Philathus, 1591; 237.Ignatius Abdullah II, 1597; 238.Ignatius Cadhai, 1598; 239.Ignatius Simeon, 1640; 240.Ignatius Jesus II, 1661; 241.Ignatius Messiah, 1661; 242.Ignatius Cabeeb, 1686; 243.Ignatius Gervasius II, 1687; 244.Ignatius Isaac, 1708; 245.Ignatius Siccarablak, 1722; 246.Ignatius Gervasius III, 1746; 247.Ignatius Gervasius IV, 1768; 248.Ignatius Mathias, 1781; 249. Ignatius Behanam, 1810; 250. Ignatius Jonas, 1817; 251.Ignatius Gervasius V, 1818; 252.Ignatius Elias II, 1839; 253.Ignatius Jacob II, 1847;

84 254. Mar Ignatius Peter III, Paulose Mar Athanasius (Kadavil Kooran) was consecrated on December 4, 1907 by Mar Ignatius Peter III as Syrian Antioch Bishop of Kottayam and Metropolitan of Malabar (India) Mar Julius I (Antonio Francis Xavier Alvares) was consecrated July 28, 1889, by Paulose Mar Athanasius, under authority of Patriarch Ignatius Peter III to be Archbishop of the Latin Rite Independent Catholic Church of Ceylon, Goa and India Mar Timotheus I (Joseph Rene Vilatte, ), Archbishop-Exarch of North America for The American Catholic Church, assisted by Bishop Carl A. Nybladh of The Swedish Orthodox Church, consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: 258. Samuel G. Lines Howard Ellsworth Mather (1933) 132. Joseph (Mar Narsai) Vredenburgh (1963) 133. John-Noel Murray (1986) 134. Thomas Clary (1994) 135. Carl Gregory William Purvenas-Smith 136. Anthony Hash (1995) 137. Michael Carroll (2003) 138. Franciscus-Mariae (2004) 139. James M Long (2006) 140. Kristina Rake (2016)

85 AN HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ON THE SUCCESSIONS DERIVED THROUGH ARCHBISHOP HERMAN ADRIAN SPRUIT In 1944 and 1945 there were a series of Codicil and Concordat's leading to the formation of the Federation of Independent Catholic and Orthodox Bishops. The first of these united the major lines of Archbishop Lowell Paul Wadle (American Catholic Church +Vilatte succession), Patriarch Anthony Aneed (Byzantine Catholic Church-Greek Melchite succession) and Bishop Verostek (Bishop Commissary for the American Old Roman Catholic Church) In 1945 the first codicil to the American Concordat was made adding the lines of Bishop Charles Hampton, Regionary Bishop of the Liberal Catholic Church (USA) and Archbishop Henry Joseph Kleefisch of the Byzantine Universal Orthodox Church who held the Primacy of the Russian Orthodox Church. These agreements made sure each member of FICOB held the same lines of apostolic succession with right of survivorship in case of untimely death or disablement thus insuring untainted lines of primacy. It was agreed that no Primate would raise anyone to the episcopate without all members of FICOB agreeing on the qualifications of the candidate. In 1957 Herman Adrian Spruit was consecrated a bishop for the first Church Universal by Bishops Charles Hampton, Archbishop Lowell Paul Wadle and Bishop H. Francis Marshall. Archbishop Kleefisch had passed away in 1955 leaving his primacy to Archbishop-Patriarch Anthony Aneed. Bishop Verostek while very active during the mid 1940's later left the organization and continued to consecrate bishops outside of the Federation. Archbishop Herman Spruit became the President of the Federation of Independent Catholic and Orthodox Bishops as his jurisdiction had with time become the largest and most viable of the membership. On June 27, 1965 Archbishop Robert Raleigh (Boyle) and Archbishop Herman Spruit imposed hands on each other in a specific ceremony for the purpose of uniting their respective jurisdictions. +Herman was named coadjutor to the primacies held by Archbishop Robert Raleigh and became his successor. +Robert Raleigh had consecrated Archbishop Lowell Paul Wadle and held the primacy of the Apostolic Christian Church. He had also obtained the direct line of succession of Archbishop Samuel Gregory Lines in 1927 when they joined forces to form the Apostolic Christian Church and Archbishop Lines had been consecrated by +Vilatte. Archbishop Robert Raleigh retired in 1965 shortly after naming Archbishop Herman A. Spruit his successor. Upon the untimely death of Archbishop Lowell Paul Wadle no successor had been appointed. The American Catholic Church was for a time headed by a Priest and later turned over to H. Francis Marshall by the claimants. Archbishop Herman Spruit elected not to get involved knowing the wreckage of many jurisdictions historically have caused nothing but bitterness and strife leaving nothing in their wake but antagonists. Upon the death of Patriarch Anthony Aneed in 1970, the primacy of the Byzantine Catholic Church passed to Archbishop Herman A. Spruit. Within this jurisdiction were two major primacies. +Aneed's which included the Greek Melchite lineage and +Kleefisch, which included the primacy of the Russian Orthodox Church. Since Patriarch Aneed was enthroned Patriarch in 1946 the title of Patriarch then passed to +Herman by the last will and testament of +Anthony Aneed. Many wonderful artifacts, +Aneed's crozier and records became the property of the Church of Antioch. Apostolic Succession from The Mariavite Catholic Church of Poland Bishop Johann Michael Kowalski was consecrated in Utrecht, Holland, on 5 October 1909 as Bishop for

86 the Polish Catholic Church of the Mariavites. Bishop Kowalski consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Marc Marie (Paul Fatome) on 4 September 1938 as Regionary Bishop for France. Bishop Marc Marie consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Paulus (Helmut Norbert Maas) on 6 October 1949 as Bishop of the Mariavite Catholic Church in Germany (Katholische Kirche der Mariaviten in Deutschland). Bishop Paulus consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Efrem Maria Mauro Fusi on 24 May 1953 as Bishop for The Mariavite Catholic Church in Italy (Chiesa Cattolica Mariavita). Bishop Fusi consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Clement Alfio Sgroi Marchese on 26 May 1954 as Bishop of Sicily for The Mariavite Catholic Church in Italy. Bishop Marchese consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar Georgius (Hugh George de Willmott Newman) on 18 September 1954 as Patriarch of Glastonbury (and the 6th British Orthodox Patriarch). Mar Georgius consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Wallace David de Ortega Maxey Who consecrated and raised to The Sacred Episcopate in 1957 Herman Adrian Spruit Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1978 Frank Ellsworth Hughes Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1982 Martha Theresa Mohring Shultz Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1993 Judy Catherine Adams Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1995 Anthony F. Hash Who consecrated sub conditione to the Sacred Episcopate in 2003 Michael Carroll, OSP Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 2004 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. Who consecrated to the Episcopate in 2006 James M Long Who consecrated to the Episcopate in 2016 Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church

87 The Apostolic Succession from The Syrian Church (Church of the East) The Church of the East also known as The Syrian Church, The East Syrian Church, or The Church of Assyria, claims Apostolic origins. She traces Her existence back to a small Christian community founded by the Apostles Peter, Thomas, and Bartholomew, as well as St. Addai and St. Mari of The Seventy, at Edessa (Urfa) during the first century after Christ. Although Her list of Bishops, with their years of service to The Church, is even more difficult to verify than that of The Church of Rome, Her tradition of Apostolic Succession has never been challenged. The Church of the East enjoyed a limited measure of tolerance during the first few centuries after Christ under Persian rule. This was due primarily to the Persian's endemic and inveterate hatred of the Romans and the persecution of the Christian religion in The Roman Empire. About 280 A.D., Mar ("Lord", Abouna, Episkopos, Bishop) Papa organized The Church into a Metropolitanate centered around the city of Seleucia, which is about thirty miles from modern-day Baghdad. After the conversion of Emperor Constantine of Rome to Christianity, however, the loyalty of Persian Christians became suspect. For almost one hundred years (c A.D.) Christians in the Persian Empire suffered under intermittent persecution. One of the blessed martyrs, in fact, was The Catholicos (the designation for The Metropolitan of Seleucia-Ctesiphon after 280 A.D.), Shimun bar Sabbai. In the fifth century The Catholicos took the title of Catholicos-Patriarch of the East. The persecution of Christianity in the fourth and fifth centuries scattered the members of The Church across all of Asia; they brought their Church with them. The Church grew rapidly during these centuries, reaching Her peak of cultural development and influence during the reign of Catholicos-Patriarch Yabhalaha III ( A.D.). The Church's members and missionaries by this time had carried The Church of the East across all of Asia, from Arabia to Ceylon, Burma, India, Thailand, Indochina and into China itself. The Assyrian Church seemed destined to become the sole source of Christian instruction for the oriental world. The rise of the Mongols, however, slowed this missionary effort, and nearly destroyed The Church. By the mid-fifteenth century, the core of The Assyrian Church had sought refuge in the mountains of Kurdistan and Azerbaijan. Political developments about this time made communication between The Metropolitan of Malabar, a major center of The Church, and The Catholicos-Patriarch of The East impossible. This eventually resulted in the conversion of the Malabar members of The Church of the East to The Church of Rome or to the Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch. The sack of Baghdad was followed by the widespread destruction of Church property and buildings, and the wholesale slaughter of Church leaders. This led, of necessity, to the election (with Shim'un V or VI) of the nephew of the previous Patriarch. The Patriarch had been raised in his uncle's house, trained from birth for the high position to which he was now elected. The Patriarchate now became hereditary in the bar Mama family, with succession passing from uncle to nephew or sometimes to brother. After the crisis subsided, upon the death of Ishu'yabh Shim'un VIII in 1551 A.D. (about one hundred years after the establishment of the hereditary Patriarchate) a significant faction of Bishops and secular leaders attempted to restore the ancient electoral process. They chose a monk to be the new Catholicos- Patriarch, Sa'ud bar Dani'il, whose religious name was Yukhannan Sulaqa. Dinkha Shim'un bar Mama, however, was named by his family as successor to his uncle, Ishu'yabh. Thus The Church was split into two factions: The Church of the East and what later came to be known as The Chaldean Catholic Church. To complicate matters, Sulaqa immediately sought legitimacy from Rome; Pope Julius III ratified his election and bestowed upon him the official title of Patriarch of The Chaldeans. Seeking to unify The Church once again, Shim'un bar Mama engineered the arrest and subsequent execution of his rival, Sulaqa, in 1555 A.D. The dissident faction, however, elected 'Abdishu' Marun as Yukhannan Sulaqa's successor.

88 Shim'un bar Mama died in 1558 A.D. His successor, Iliya Shim'un Dinkha, started the tradition of giving each Patriarch the same name. The rival Catholicos-Patriarch, 'Abdishu' Marun, died in 1567 A.D. (or 1571 A.D.), and was succeeded after some delay by Yabhalaha IV (also called Yabhalaha Shim'un). A large faction of The Church headed by Iliya Shim'un Dinkha, led by The Metropolitan of Gelu (who was also called Dinkha Shim'un), rejected the authority of the bar Mama family, and submitted to Yabhalaha Shim'un, the rival Catholicos-Patriarch. On the latter's death in 1580 A.D., The Metropolitan of Gelu was rewarded by being elected his successor, the first Patriarch of the Shim'un family. Thus was established the second hereditary line of Patriarchs within The Church of the East. Through political pressure the rival Shim'uns were forced to move their See to the mountains of Kurdistan. Throughout the next three hundred years The Catholicos of the Shim'un family and their Church remained isolated from outside contact, even losing contact with Rome. The last hereditary Catholicos, Ishai Shim'un XXIII, succeeded in 1920 A.D. at the age of twelve. In 1933 A.D., after his return to Iraq from his English school, he attempted to restore the old civil authority of the patriarchate. His supporters took up arms and, in an unfortunate series of events, were massacred by government soldiers. Shim'un spent the rest of his life in exile, much of it in San Francisco, California, USA. He resigned his office in 1973 A.D., without any obvious successor. The Church was thrown into turmoil. Church leaders from Iraq pleaded with The Patriarch to renounce his resignation--at least until some provisions for the succession could be made. Shim'un agreed to return for a six-month period, at which point a Synod of three bishops was appointed to govern The Church during the interregnum. When Shim'un was murdered two years later (November of 1975 A.D.), the Bishops agreed to restore the ancient electoral process. A new Patriarch, Mar Dinkha IV, was chosen in October of 1976 A.D. at a special meeting of Church leaders in London, England. The official language of The Church is Syriac. The first freely-elected Patriarch in centuries, whose official title is Catholicos-Patriarch of the Church of the East, resided in Chicago, Illinois. In 1586 A.D., in contrast to the isolation of the Shim'uns, the bar Mama family began exchanging letters with The Patriarch of Rome. They formally submitted to papal authority in 1616 A.D. at Dyarbekir. This submission came to end by 1669 A.D.. The Metropolitan of Dyarbekir, Yusip, subsequently withdrew his allegiance from both factions of The Church (in 1672 A.D.) and fled to Rome in 1675 A.D. There he was granted the title of Patriarch by Pope Innocent XI in 1681 A.D. There were now three Assyrian Patriarchs. Yusip's successor, Yusip II (or III) was given the title Patriarch of Babylon in 1701 A.D. On the death of Yusip IV in 1779 A.D., the Patriarch's nephew was able to succeed his uncle as Metropolitan of Dyarbekir but not as Patriarch (only as Apostolic Administrator). Rome never granted him official recognition as Patriarch. Iliya XIII bar Mama died in 1804 A.D. No successor was elected; a Roman Catholic cousin of the last Patriarch, Yukhannan Khurmiz, tried to claim the patriarchate and even sought official recognition from The Pope. With two Papal claimants to two different patriarchal thrones, The Roman Church declined to recognize either until the death of Yusip (V) in 1828 A.D. Khurmiz was thereupon acknowledged as Patriarch of Babylon of The Chaldeans in 1830 A.D. To forestall the possibility of the re-establishment of an hereditary patriarchate, a co-adjutor Patriarch with the right of succession was appointed in 1838 A.D. This Uniate Chaldean Church nearly broke with Rome again in 1869 A.D. over the imposition by The Pope of the Bull Reversurus, which deprived The Patriarch of his prerogative to select and consecrate Chaldean bishops. Patriarch Yusip VI was threatened with excommunication in 1876 A.D., but managed to smooth over his difficulties with Rome before his death two years later. The official language of The Church is Syriac. The Patriarch resides at Baghdad, Iraq. The Church of the East recognizes only the Öcumenical Councils of Nicaea (325 A.D.) and Constantinople (381 A.D.), although they do teach that from the moment of His conception Our Lord was both perfect man and perfect God. The Church rejects the title Mother of God for The Blessed Virgin Mary

89 and insists upon Mother of Christ instead. The doctrine of Apostolic Succession is rigorously adhered to; She teaches that apart from the apostolic succession "there are no sacraments, no Church, and no operation of The Holy Spirit" (Mar O'dishoo). Holy Baptism is administered by triple immersion, usually forty days after birth, and immediately followed by Chrismation and First Holy Communion. In the Mystery of Holy Communion, The Church teaches that the leavened bread and the fermented wine are changed into The Body and Blood of Christ our God. The sacrifice of The Mass is identical with that of The Cross of Calvary, and not a repetition of it. Communicants both fast before participating in Holy Communion as well as drink The Precious Blood directly from The Chalice. A strong tradition with The Church of the East is that St. Addai and St. Mari brought with them a portion of the original Bread consecrated by Jesus in the Upper Room at The Last Supper. The bread made for use in the Sacrament of Holy Communion is leavened with a part of the loaf consecrated at a previous celebration; thus each celebration of The Holy Eucharist in The Church of the East today is seen as a continuous material succession with the first Eucharist celebrated by Jesus in Jerusalem. The Eucharistic Liturgy is the fourth-century Rite named after two of the traditional founders of The Church, St. Addai and St. Mari, and attributed to St. James of Jerusalem, the brother of The Lord. Apostolic Succession from The Church of The East through The Patriarchate of Selucia-Ctesiphen & All The East Tooma Shlikha (St. Thomas) who after establishing Church in Mesopotamia, Persia and their environment, went to India (AD 3-7 and then consecrated Bar Tulmay A.D. 33 Addai (or Taddai) Shlikha Agai, disciple of Addai (of the Seventy) Mari, disciple of Addai (of the Seventy) Abris, relative of the Virgin Mary Oraham I, of Kashkar Yacob 1, relative of Yosip the Carpenter Ebid M shikha

90 Akhu d Awu Shakhlupa of Kashkar Papa Bar Gaggai Shimun Bar Sabbai Shahdost Bar Bashmin Tumarsa Qaiyuma Eskhaq Akhkhi Yoalaha I Maana Qarabukht Dadishu Bawai or Babu Aqaq Bawai Sheela

91 Narsai Elisha (dual Patriarchate) Polos Yosip Khazqiyil Eshuyow I, Arzunaya Sorishu I Garmaqaya Greghor, Partaya Eshuyow II (Gdalaya or Arab) Mar Immeh Eshuyow III, Kdayawaya Gewargis I Yokhannan I, Bar Marta Khnaishu I Yokhannan II, Garba Sliwazkha Pethyon Awa Surin

92 Yacob II Khnanishu Timotheus I Eshu-barnon Gewargis II Soreshu II Oraham II, Margaya Teadasis (or Theodoros) Sargis, Suwaya Annush d beth Garmay Yokhannan III, Bar Narsay Yokhannan IV, (nephew of Theodoros) Yokhannan V, Bar Ogare Oraham III, Abraza Ammanoel I Esrail Karkhaya Odishu Garmaqaya Mari Aturaya

93 Yokhannan VI (Yoannis) Yokhannan VII (Bar Nazuk) Eshuyow IV Elia I (Terhan) Yokhannan VIII (Bar Tragala) Soreshu III (Bar Zanbur) Odishu II (Bar Ars) Aturaya Makkikha I (Bar Shlemon) Elia II (Bar Maqli) Bar Soma (Of Suwa) Bar Gabbara Odishu III (Nephew of Elia II) Eshuyow V (from Beth Zodai, Baladaya) Elia III (Abukhalim) Yoalaha II (Bar Qaiyuma) Sorishu IV Sorishu V (from Baghdad)

94 Makkikha II Dinkha I (Arbilaya, i.e., from Arbil) Yoalaha III (Bar Turkaye -Turkish by race) Timotheus II (Arbilaya, I. e. from Arbil) Dinkha II Dinkha III Shimun II Shimun III Elia III Shimun IV Shimun V Elia V Shimun VI Eshuyow Shimun VII Dinkha Shimun VIII (Bar Mama) Yoalaha Shimun Dinkha Shimun IX Elia Shimun X

95 Eshuyow Shimun XI Yoalaha Shimun XII Dinkha Shimun XIII Shlemon (Sulaiman) Shimun XIV Mikhail (Mukhattis) Shimun XV Yonan (Yuna) Shimun XVII Oraharn Shimun XIX Maran Mar Rubil Shimun XVIII, Catholicos-Patriarch of Selucia-Ctesphen & All The East, consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar Antonius Abd-Ishu (Anthony Thondatta) as Metropolitan of India, Ceylon, Milapur, Socotra and Messina in The Holy Church of Mar Saba in Upper Tiari, on 17 December 1862 A.D. Mar Abd-Ishu, assisted by Mar Augustine (Michael Augustine) of The Syro-Chaldean Church, consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar Basilius (Luis Mariano Soares) as Bishop of Trichur on 24 July 1899 A.D. and head of a small body of Indian Christians known as Mellusians; he succeeded to the Metropolitanate upon Mar Abd-Ishu's death in 1900 A.D. Mar Basilius consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar Jacobus (Ulric Vernon Herford) as Bishop for the United Kingdom and with the Title of Mar Jacobus, Bishop of Mercia & Meddelesex (including the county of London) at Palithamm, near Kaliarkoli, Madura District, South India, on 30 November 1902 A.D. Upon his return to England, Mar Jacobus founded The Evangelical Catholic Communion with the hope of uniting East and West. Mar Jacobus consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar Paulus (William Stanley McBean Knight) as Bishop of Kent on 28 February 1925 A.D. Mar Paulus consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar Hedley (Hedley Coward Bartlett) as Bishop of Siluria on 18 October 1931 A.D. Mar Hedley consecrated sub conditioned to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar Georgius (Hugh George de Willmott-Newman) as Metropolitan of Glastonbury on 20 May 1945 A.D., assisted by Bishop John Syer (Bishop of Llanthony), Mar Francis (Francis Ernest Langhelt, Bishop of Minster) and Bishop George Henry Brook (Order of Rievaulx). Mar Georgius consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar Benignus (Richard Kenneth Hurgon) as Titular Bishop of Mere (Somerset) on 22 April 1946 A.D., assisted by Mar Leofric (Charles Leslie Saul, Archbishop-Exarch of The Catholicate of the West), Mar

96 David (Francis David Bacon, Bishop of The Catholicate of the West), and Mar Johannus (William John Eaton Jeffrey, General Moderator of The Evangelical Catholic Communion and Bishop of The Catholicate of the West). Mar Benignus consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar Alexander (Nils Bertil Alexander Persson) on 7 December 1985 A.D., assisted by Bishop Ian Kirk- Stewart (Reformed Catholic Church). Mar Alexander consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Karl (Karl Julius Barwin) as Primate of The Evangelical Catholic Church on 5 August 1989 A.D., assisted by Archbishop Emile Federico Rodrigues y Fairfield (Iglesia Ortodoxa Catolica Apostolica Mexicana), Bishop Carroll T. Lowery (The Apostolic Episcopal Church), Archbishop Arthur J. Garrow (The Archiepiscopate Ordinariate of Healing Arts Missionaries & Chaplains in America) and Archbishop Howard D. van Orden (Order of St. Jude), each assisting, coöperating and co-consecrating by laying on hands and uttering all the words of consecration. Assisting in this consecration as Co-Consecrators were Archbishop Paul Christian Gerald W. Schultz (Archbishop of Los Angeles and Administrator of The Philippine Independent Catholic Church in The Americas), Bishop Petros (Eric Tan Ong Veloso, Orthodox Catholic Church in The Philippines), Bishop Christopher J. Rogers (Suffragan Bishop of Los Angeles, The Philippine Independent Catholic Church in The Americas), and Bishop Marciel (Michael Marshall, Orthodox Old Catholic Church). Bishop Karl J. Barwin did consecrated to the episcopate on May 12, 1990 George Augustus Stallings, Jr. - Patriarch and Archbishop of the African American Catholic Congregation, who consecrated Carlos Enrique Harvin - Bishop in 1996 for the African American Catholic Congregation. Bishop Harvin consecrated on January 18, 2004 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. - Presiding Bishop and Exarch of the Apostolic Society of Franciscan Communities (Order of Servant Franciscans of the Immaculata). Bishop Mariae consecrated on April 22 nd, 2006: James M Long Presiding Archbishop United States Old Catholic Church. Bishop Long consecrated on December 10 th, 2016 Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church Apostolic Succession from The Church of The East through The Patriarchate of Babylonia of The Chaldeans SUCCESSION II Maran Man Yusip 'Ummanu'il II Thoma (Yosif Khayatt), Catholicos-Patriarch of Babylonia of The Chaldeans, who was consecrated 24 July 1892 A.D. by Maran Mar Petros Elias XIV Abu-Al-Yunan (Patriarch A.D.), assisted by the Bishop of Salmas & Patriarchal Vicar Pierre Aziz, consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar Antoine (Antoine Lefberne/Lefebvre) on 27 May 1917 A.D. as Patriarchal Exarch of Western Europe and Delegate & Special Commissary in the U.S.A. Mar Antoine was a member of the Ordo Antonianus S. Hormisdae Chaldaeorum. Mar Antoine consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate:

97 Mar John Emmanuel (Arthur Wolfort Brooks) on 4 May 1925 A.D. in The Chapel of The Redeemer in New York City, assisted by Mar James (Fernand Portal) and Mar Evodius (Edward Robert Smith), Bishops of The Chaldean Catholic Church. On 19 November 1930 A.D., Mar John Emmanuel became Presiding Bishop of The Apostolic Episcopal Church, which had been accepted in 1929 A.D. by The Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem, Elisha I (Eghishe I Tourian). Mar John Emmanuel consecrated sub conditione to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar David I (Wallace de Ortega Maxey) on 13 July 1946 A.D. at St. Michael Hellenic Orthodox Church "Taxiarchai" of The Holy Land as Archbishop of The Province of The West of The Apostolic Episcopal Church, assisted by Rev'd David Leondarides and Rev'd Stanatios Jongsoudis of The Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem. Mar David became Archbishop-Primate of The Apostolic Episcopal Church in Mar David I consecrated sub conditione to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar Alexander (Nils Bertil Alexander Persson) and enthroned him as the Third Archbishop-Primate of The Apostolic Episcopal Church on 7 November 1986 A.D., assisted by Archbishop-Primate Juergen Bless (The German Old Catholic Church in America), Archbishop-Primate Emile Rodriguez y Fairfield (Iglesia Ortodoxa Catolica Apostolica Mexicana), Archbishop-Primate Arthur J. Garrow (The Archiepiscopate Ordinariate of Healing Arts Missionaries & Chaplains in America), Bishop Daniel N. McCarty (The Apostolic Catholic Church of the Americas), Archbishop-Primate Robert Ronald Ramm (The Ancient Christian Fellowship) and Archbishop Paul G. W. Schultz (Iglesia Ortodoxa Apostolica Mexicana and Apostolic Administrator of The Province of The West of The Apostolic Episcopal Church). Mar Alexander consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Bishop Karl (Karl Julius Barwin) as Primate of The Evangelical Catholic Church on 5 August 1989 A.D., assisted by Archbishop Emile Federico Rodrigues y Fairfield (Iglesia Ortodoxa Catolica Apostolica Mexicana), Bishop Carroll T. Lowery (The Apostolic Episcopal Church), Archbishop Arthur J. Garrow (The Archiepiscopate Ordinariate of Healing Arts Missionaries & Chaplains in America) and Archbishop Howard D. van Orden (Order of St. Jude), each assisting, coöperating and co-consecrating by laying on hands and uttering all the words of consecration. Assisting as Co-Consecrators were Archbishop Paul Christian Gerald W. Schultz (Archbishop of Los Angeles and Administrator of The Philippine Independent Catholic Church in The Americas), Bishop Petros (Eric Tan Ong Veloso, Orthodox Catholic Church in The Philippines), Bishop Christopher J. Rogers (Suffragan Bishop of Los Angeles, The Philippine Independent Catholic Church in The Americas), and Bishop Marciel (Michael Marshall, Orthodox Old Catholic Church). Bishop Karl J. Barwin did consecrated to the episcopate on May 12, 1990 George Augustus Stallings, Jr. - Patriarch and Archbishop of the African American Catholic Congregation, who consecrated Carlos Enrique Harvin - Bishop in 1996 for the African American Catholic Congregation. Bishop Harvin consecrated on January 18, 2004 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. - Presiding Bishop and Exarch of the Apostolic Society of Franciscan Communities (Order of Servant Franciscans of the Immaculata). Bishop Mariae consecrated on April 22 nd, 2006 James M Long Presiding Archbishop United States Old Catholic Church. Bishop Long consecrated on December 10 th, 2016 Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church

98 SUCCESSION III Tooma Shlikha (St. Thomas) who after establishing Church in Mesopotamia, Persia and their environment, went to India (AD 3-7 and then consecrated Bar Tulmay A.D. 33 Addai (or Taddai) Shlikha Agai, disciple of Addai (of the Seventy) Mari, disciple of Addai (of the Seventy) Abris, relative of the Virgin Mary Oraham I, of Kashkar Yacob 1, relative of Yosip the Carpenter Ebid M shikha Akhu d Awu Shakhlupa of Kashkar Papa Bar Gaggai Shimun Bar Sabbai Shahdost Bar Bashmin Tumarsa Qaiyuma

99 Eskhaq Akhkhi Yoalaha I Maana Qarabukht Dadishu Bawai or Babu Aqaq Bawai Sheela Narsai Elisha (dual Patriarchate) Polos Yosip Khazqiyil Eshuyow I, Arzunaya Sorishu I Garmaqaya Greghor, Partaya Eshuyow II (Gdalaya or Arab)

100 Mar Immeh Eshuyow III, Kdayawaya Gewargis I Yokhannan I, Bar Marta Khnaishu I Yokhannan II, Garba Sliwazkha Pethyon Awa Surin Yacob II Khnanishu Timotheus I Eshu-barnon Gewargis II Soreshu II Oraham II, Margaya Teadasis (or Theodoros)

101 Sargis, Suwaya Annush d beth Garmay Yokhannan III, Bar Narsay Yokhannan IV, (nephew of Theodoros) Yokhannan V, Bar Ogare Oraham III, Abraza Ammanoel I Esrail Karkhaya Odishu Garmaqaya Mari Aturaya Yokhannan VI (Yoannis) Yokhannan VII (Bar Nazuk) Eshuyow IV Elia I (Terhan) Yokhannan VIII (Bar Tragala) Soreshu III (Bar Zanbur) Odishu II (Bar Ars) Aturaya Makkikha I (Bar Shlemon) Elia II (Bar Maqli)

102 Bar Soma (Of Suwa) Bar Gabbara Odishu III (Nephew of Elia II) Eshuyow V (from Beth Zodai, Baladaya) Elia III (Abukhalim) Yoalaha II (Bar Qaiyuma) Sorishu IV Sorishu V (from Baghdad) Makkikha II Dinkha I (Arbilaya, i.e., from Arbil) Yoalaha III (Bar Turkaye -Turkish by race) Timotheus II (Arbilaya, I. e. from Arbil) Dinkha II Dinkha III Shimun II Shimun III Elia III Shimun IV

103 Shimun V Elia V Shimun VI Eshuyow Shimun VII Dinkha Shimun VIII (Bar Mama) Yoalaha Shimun Dinkha Shimun IX Elia Shimun X Eshuyow Shimun XI Yoalaha Shimun XII Dinkha Shimun XIII Shlemon (Sulaiman) Shimun XIV Mikhail (Mukhattis) Shimun XV Yonan (Yuna) Shimun XVII Oraharn Shimun XIX Maran Mar Rubil Shimun XVIII, Catholicos-Patriarch of Selucia-Ctesphen & All The East, consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar Antonius Abd-Ishu (Anthony Thondatta) as Metropolitan of India, Ceylon, Milapur, Socotra and Messina in The Holy Church of Mar Saba in Upper Tiari, on 17 December 1862 A.D. Mar Abd-Ishu, assisted by Mar Augustine (Michael Augustine) of The Syro-Chaldean Church, consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar Basilius (Luis Mariano Soares) as Bishop of Trichur on 24 July 1899 A.D. and head of a small body

104 of Indian Christians known as Mellusians; he succeeded to the Metropolitanate upon Mar Abd-Ishu's death in 1900 A.D. Mar Basilius consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar Jacobus (Ulric Vernon Herford) as Bishop for the United Kingdom and with the Title of Mar Jacobus, Bishop of Mercia & Meddelesex (including the county of London) at Palithamm, near Kaliarkoli, Madura District, South India, on 30 November 1902 A.D. Upon his return to England, Mar Jacobus founded The Evangelical Catholic Communion with the hope of uniting East and West. Mar Jacobus consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar Paulus (William Stanley McBean Knight) as Bishop of Kent on 28 February 1925 A.D. Mar Paulus consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar Hedley (Hedley Coward Bartlett) as Bishop of Siluria on 18 October 1931 A.D. Mar Hedley consecrated sub conditioned to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar Georgius (Hugh George de Willmott-Newman) as Metropolitan of Glastonbury on 20 May 1945 A.D., assisted by Bishop John Syer (Bishop of Llanthony), Mar Francis (Francis Ernest Langhelt, Bishop of Minster) and Bishop George Henry Brook (Order of Rievaulx). Mar Georgius consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar David I (Wallace David de Ortega Maxey) Who consecrated and raised to The Sacred Episcopate in 1957 Herman Adrian Spruit Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1978 Frank Ellsworth Hughes Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1982 Martha Theresa Mohring Shultz Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1993 Judy Catherine Adams Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1995 Anthony F. Hash Who consecrated sub conditione to the Sacred Episcopate in 2003 Michael Carroll, OSP Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 2004 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 2006 James M Long Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 2016 Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church

105 Apostolic Succession from The Church of The East through The Patriarchate of Babylonia of The Chaldeans Maran Man Yusip 'Ummanu'il II Thoma (Yosif Khayatt), Catholicos-Patriarch of Babylonia of The Chaldeans, who was consecrated 24 July 1892 A.D. by Maran Mar Petros Elias XIV Abu-Al-Yunan (Patriarch A.D.), assisted by the Bishop of Salmas & Patriarchal Vicar Pierre Aziz, consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar Antoine (Antoine Lefberne/Lefebvre) on 27 May 1917 A.D. as Patriarchal Exarch of Western Europe and Delegate & Special Commissary in the U.S.A. Mar Antoine was a member of the Ordo Antonianus S. Hormisdae Chaldaeorum. Mar Antoine consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar John Emmanuel (Arthur Wolfort Brooks) on 4 May 1925 A.D. in The Chapel of The Redeemer in New York City, assisted by Mar James (Fernand Portal) and Mar Evodius (Edward Robert Smith), Bishops of The Chaldean Catholic Church. On 19 November 1930 A.D., Mar John Emmanuel became Presiding Bishop of The Apostolic Episcopal Church, which had been accepted in 1929 A.D. by The Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem, Elisha I (Eghishe I Tourian). Mar John Emmanuel consecrated sub conditione to the Sacred Episcopate: Mar David I (Wallace de Ortega Maxey) on 13 July 1946 A.D. at St. Michael Hellenic Orthodox Church "Taxiarchai" of The Holy Land as Archbishop of The Province of The West of The Apostolic Episcopal Church, assisted by Rev'd David Leondarides and Rev'd Stanatios Jongsoudis of The Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem. Mar David became Archbishop-Primate of The Apostolic Episcopal Church in Who consecrated and raised to The Sacred Episcopate in 1957 Herman Adrian Spruit Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1978 Frank Ellsworth Hughes Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1982 Martha Theresa Mohring Shultz Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1993 Judy Catherine Adams Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1995 Anthony F. Hash Who consecrated sub conditione to the Sacred Episcopate in 2003 Michael Carroll, OSP Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 2004 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 2006

106 James M Long Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 2016 Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church

107 The Apostolic Succession from The Order of Corporate Reunion At the direction of the Roman Catholic Hierarch at Milan, Italy, in the summer of 1877, a plan was initiated for the purpose of introducing Orders into a Pro-Uniate Movement within The Church of England which The Vatican would be compelled to recognize as valid. Roman Catholic Archbishop Luigi Nazari di Calabiana of Milan (consecrated 12 April 1847; Archbishop of Milan from ), joined near the city of Venice, Italy, by two unnamed Bishops (Greek and Coptic, their names being kept under the confessional seal but their validity guaranteed by The Vatican), did consecrate three bishops in the summer of 1877 to the sacred episcopacy: Dr. Frederick George Lee (01/06/ /22/02) as Bishop of Dorchester and Primate I of The Order of Corporate Reunion. Thomas Wimberley Mossman ( /06/1885 ) as Bishop of Selby. Dr. John Thomas Seccombe ( ) as Bishop of Caerleon. Bp. Lee, Bp. Mossman and Bp. Seccombe, assisting Mar Pelagius I (Patriarch Richard Williams Morgan, First British Patriarch of the Patriarchate of Antioch for the Ancient British Church, consecrated in 1874 by Mar Julius {Raimond Ferrette}, Bishop of Iona and Patriarchal Legate for Western Europe; at some time Bp. Morgan was also consecrated by Bp. Seccombe), consecrated to the sacred episcopacy on 6 March 1879: Charles Isaac Stevens ( /02/17) as Mar Theophilus I for The Order of Corporate Reunion; later Hierarch of Caerleon-on-Usk and Second Patriarch of The Ancient British Church. Mar Theophilus I, assisted by Bp. Alfred Spencer Richardson of The Reformed Episcopal Church, consecrated to the sacred episcopacy on 4 May 1890: Leon Chechemian ( ) asmar Leon, Archbishop of Selsey for The Ancient British Church. Abp. Chechemian, assisted by Abp. James Martin, Bp. Frederick Boucher, and Bp. George W. L. Maaers, consecrated to the sacred episcopacy on 2 November 1897: Andrew Charles Albert McLagen ) as Colonial Missionary Bishop for Cape Colony and Titular Bishop of Claremont. In 1919 Bp. McLagen became the 4th Patriarch of The Ancient British Church. Ptr. McLagen consecrated to the sacred episcopacy on 4 June 1922: Herbert James Monzani-Heard ( /15/47) in St. Andrew's Church, Retreat Place, London, as Mar Jacobus II, Bishop of Selsey and Primate of The Ancient British Church and the United Armenian Catholic Church. Bp. Heard became the 5th Patriarch of The Ancient British Church/Free Protestant Episcopal Church in Ptr. Monzani-Heard consecrated to the sacred episcopacy on 13 June 1943: William Bernard Crow (09/11/ /28/76) as Mar Bernard, Bishop of Santa Sophia. On 17 October 1943 at "The Council of London," Bp. Crow was elected by representatives of The Ancient British Church, British Orthodox Catholic Church, Apostolic Episcopal Church, Old Catholic Orthodox Church, Order of the Holy Wisdom, and Order of Antioch to the Patriarchal See of Antioch with the title of Mar Basilius Abdullah III. On 23 March 1944 the Ancient British Church, British Orthodox Catholic Church and the Old Catholic Orthodox Church banded together to form The Western Orthodox Catholic Church. Ptr. Mar Basilius Abdullah II consecrated to the sacred episcopacy on 10 April 1944: Hugh George de Willmott Newman 01/17/05-02/28/79) as Mar Georgius. On 29 January 1945 Mar Georgius became the 6th Patriarch of The Ancient British Church with the title Patriarch of Glastonbury. Who consecrated:

108 Herman Adrian Spruit Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1978 Frank Ellsworth Hughes Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1982 Martha Theresa Mohring Shultz Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1993 Judy Catherine Adams Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 1995 Anthony F. Hash Who consecrated sub conditione to the Sacred Episcopate in 2003 Michael Carroll, OSP Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 2004 Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 2006 James M Long Who consecrated to the Sacred Episcopate in 2016 Kristina Rake Presiding Bishop American Apostolic Old Catholic Church

109 The Russian Orthodox Succession RUSSIAN ORTHODOX SUCCESSION II 1. St. Andrew Apostle of Our Lord. Founded A.D Stachys One of the Seventy. A.D Onesimos Polykarpos Ploutarchos Sedekion Diogenes Eleftherios Felix Polykarpos II Athenodoros Euzoios Laurentios Alypios Pertinax Olympianos Markos I Philadelphos Kyriakos I Kastinos Eugenios I Titos Dometios Roufinos Provos Metrophanes I Alexandros Paulos I, the Confessor , , Eusebios Makedonios I , Eudoxios Demophilos Evagrios Maximos I Gregory the Theologian Nectarios John I, the Chrysostom Arsakios Attikos Sisinios I Nestorios Maximianos Proklos Flavianos Anatolios Gennadios I Akakios Favritas Euphemios Makedonios II Timotheos I John II the Cappadocian Epiphanios Anthimos Menas Eutychios I , John III Eutychios II

110 59. John IV Kyriakos II Thomas I Serios I Pyrros , Paulos II Pyrros II (same person as Pyrros I above) 66. Petros Thomas II John V Constantine I Theodoros I , Georgios I Paulos III Kallinikos I Kyros John VI Germanos I the Confessor Anastasios Constantine II Niketas the Slav Paulos IV Tarasios Nikephoros I Theodotos Melissenos Antonios I, Kasymatas John VIII the Grammatikos Methodios I the Confessor Prince Ignatios I , Photios I , Prince Stephanos I Antonios II, kavleas Nikolaos I, the Mystic , Euthymios I Stephanos II Tryphon Theophylactos, Lakapenos Polyeuctos Vasilios I, Skamandrenos Antonios III, Skandalios Nikolaos II, Chrysoverges Michael the Syrian Leontius John Theopemtus Hilarion George John II John III Ephraim Nicholas Nicephorus Nicetas Michael II Clement Constantine Theodore John IV Constantine II Nicephorus II Matthew Kyrill I Joseph Kyrill II 1250

111 123. maximus Peter Theognostes Alexis Cyprian Photius Isidore Jonah Theodosius Philip I Gerontius Zosimus Simon Barlaam Daniel Joasaph Macarius Athanasius Philip Cyrill III Anthony Dionysius Job Hermogenes Philaret Joasaph I Joseph Nikon Joasaph II Pitirim Joachim Adrian Mar Stephen of Rostov The Most Holy Synod Nikon, Patriarch of Moscow, The Most Holy Synod 158.Macarius (Makarij) Meveskij Evdokim Basil Mikhailovich Meschersky Aftimos (Abdullah Ofiesh) Ignatius (William Nichols) Georgius (George W. Plummer) Henry Joseph Kleefisch Charles H. Hampton 165.Lowell Wadle 166.Herman A, Spruit 167.Hughes Mary Theresa Mohring Shultz 169.Catherine Adams Anthony F. Hash Michael J. Carroll Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. 173.James M Long (2006) 174. Kristina Rake (2016)

112 The Apostolic Succession from The African Orthodox Church SYRIAN MALANKARESE (AFRICAN ORTHODOX) SUCCESSION 259. Peter, 38; 260. Evodus 40; 261. Ignatius I, 43; 262. Aaron, 123; 263. Cornelius, 123; 264. Eodos, 142; 265. Theophulus, 157; 266. Maximinus, 171; 267. Seraphim, 179; 268. Astlediaes, 189; 269. Philip, 201; 270.Sebinus {Zebinus},219; 271.Babylos, 237; 272. Fabius, 250; 273. Demetrius, 251; 274. Paul I, 259; 275. Domnus I, 270; 276. Timotheus, 281; 277. Cyrilus, 281; 278. Tyrantus, 296; 279. Vitalius, 301; 280. Philognius, 318; 281. Eustachius, 323; 282. Paulinius, 338; 283. Philabianus, 383; 284. Evagrius, 386; 285. Phosohorius, 416; 286. Alexander, 418; 287. John I, 428; 288. Theodotus, 431; 289. Domnus II, 442; 290. Maximus, 450; 291. Accacius, 454; 292. Martyrius, 457; 293. Peter II, 464; 294. Philadius, 500; 295. Serverius, 509; 296. Segius, 544; 297. Domnus III, 547; 298. Anadtasius, 560; 299. Gregory I, 564; 300. Paul II, 567; 301. Patra, 571; 302. Domnus IV, 586; 303. Julianus, 591; 304. Athanasius I, 595; 305. John II, 636; 306. Theodorus I, 649; 307. Severus, 668; 308. Athanasius II, 684; 309. Julianus II, 687; 310. Elias I, 709; 311. Athanasius III 724; 312. Evanius I, 740; 313. Gervasius I, 759; 314. Joseph, 790; 315. Cyriacus, 793; 316. Dionysius I, 818; 317. John III, 847;

113 318. Ignatius II, 877; 319. Theodosius, 887; 320. Dionysius II 897; 321. John IV, 910; 322. Basilus I, 922; 323. John V, 936; 324. Evanius II, 954; 325. Dionysius III, 958; 326. Abraham I, 962; 327. John VI, 965, 328. Athamasius IV, 987; 329. John VII, 1004; 330. Dionysius IV, 1032; 331. Theodorus II, 1042; 332. Athanasius V, 1058; 333. John VIII, 1064; 334. Basilius II, 1074; 335. Abdoone, 1076; 336. Dionysius V, 1077; 337. Evanius III, 1080; 338. Dionysius VI, 1088; 339. Athanasius VI, 1091; 340. John IX, 1131; 341. Athanasius VII, 1139; 342. Michael I, 1167; 343. Athanasius VIII, 1200; 344. Michael II, 1207; 345.John X, 1208; 346. Ignatius III, 1223; 347. Dionysius VII, 1253; 348. John XI, 1253; 349. Ignatius IV, 1264; 350. Philanus, 1283; 351. Ignatius Baruhid, 1293; 352. Ignatius Ismael, 1333; 353.Ignatius Basilius III, 1366; 354.Ignatius Abraham II, 1382; 355.Ignatius Bacalius IV, 1412; 356.Ignatius Behanam I, 1415; 357.Ignatius Kalejih, 1455; 358.Ignatius John XII, 1483; 359.Ignatius Noah, 1492; 360.Ignatius Jesus I, 1509; 361.Ignatius Jacob I, 1510; 362.Ignatius David I, 1519; 363.Ignatius Abdullah I, 1520; 364.Ignatius Naamathalak, 1557; 365.Ignatius David II, 1577; 366.Ignatius Philathus, 1591; 367.Ignatius Abdullah II, 1597; 368.Ignatius Cadhai, 1598; 369.Ignatius Simeon, 1640; 370.Ignatius Jesus II, 1661; 371.Ignatius Messiah, 1661; 372.Ignatius Cabeeb, 1686; 373.Ignatius Gervasius II, 1687; 374.Ignatius Isaac, 1708; 375.Ignatius Siccarablak, 1722; 376.Ignatius Gervasius III, 1746; 377.Ignatius Gervasius IV, 1768; 378.Ignatius Mathias, 1781; 379. Ignatius Behanam, 1810; 380. Ignatius Jonas, 1817; 381.Ignatius Gervasius V, 1818;

114 382.Ignatius Elias II, 1839; 383.Ignatius Jacob II, 1847; 384.Mar Ignatius Peter III, Paulose Mar Athanasius (Kadavil Kooran) was consecrated on December 4, 1907 by Mar Ignatius Peter III as Syrian Antioch Bishop of Kottayam and Metropolitan of Malabar (India) Mar Julius I (Antonio Francis Xavier Alvares) was consecrated July 28, 1889, by Paulose Mar Athanasius, under authority of Patriarch Ignatius Peter III to be Archbishop of the Latin Rite Independent Catholic Church of Ceylon, Goa and India Mar Timotheus I (Joseph Rene Villate) Samuel G. Lines Justin Joseph Andre Boyle Wadle Spruit Hughes Mary Theresa Mohring Shultz 394.Catherine Adams Anthony Hash 396. Michael Carroll 397. Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. 398.James M Long (2006) 399. Kristina Rake (2016)

115 The Johanine & Anglo-Roman Successions JOHANINE SUCCESSION ROMAN-ANGLICAN SUCCESSION 1. St. John the Evangelist 2. Polycarp 3. Pothinus 4. Irenaeus 5. Zaccharius 6. Elias 7. Faustinus 8. Verus 9. Julius 10. Ptolemy 11. Vocius 12. Maximus 13. Tetradus 14. Verissimus 15. Justis 16. Albinus 17. Martin 18. Antiochus 19. Elpidius 20. Licarius 21. Eucherius I 22. Patieus 23. Lupicinius 24. Rusticu 25. Stephanus 26. Viventiolus 27. Lucherius II 28. Lupus 29. Licontius 30. Sacerdos 31. Nicetus 32. Priscus 33. Aetherius 34. St. Augustine of Canterbury 35. LAURENTIUS 36. MELLITUS 37. JUSTUS 38. HONORIUS 39. DEUSDEDIT 40. THEODORE 41. BERHTWALD 42. TATWINE 43. NOTHELM 44. CUTHBERT 45. BREGOWINE 46. JAENBERT 47. ETHELHARD 48. WULFRED 49. FEOLOGELD 50. CEOLNOTH 51. ETHELRED

116 The direct Papal line enters into Canterbury with Pope Nicholas I. 52. POPE St. NICHOLAS I (consecrated in 858) in 864 consecrated 53. FORMOSUS as Bishop of Porto (later Pope in 891) who in 891 consecrated 54. St. PLEGMUND as Archbishop of Canterbury who in 909 consecrated 55. ALTHELM as Bishop of Wells ( Canterbury) who in 914 consecrated 56. WULFHELM as Bishop of Wells ( Canterbury) who in 927 consecrated 57. ODO as Bishop of Ramsbury ( Canterbury) who in 957 consecrated 58. St. DUNSTAN as Bishop of Worcester ( Canterbury) who in 984 consecrated 59. St. AELPHEGE as Bishop of Winchester ( Canterbury) who in 990 consecrated 60. ELFRIC as Bishop of Ramsbury ( Canterbury) who in 1003 consecrated 61. WULFSTAN as Bishop of Worcester and York who on the 13th November 1020 consecrated 62. ETHELNOTH as Archbishop of Canterbury who in 1035 consecrated 63. EADSIGE as Bishop of St. Martin's, Canterbury who on the 3rd April 1043 consecrated 64. STIGAND as Bishop of Elmham ( Canterbury) who in 1058 consecrated 65. SIWARD as Bishop of Rochester on the 29th September 1070 assisted William, Bishop of London at the consecration of A NOTE: from this point on you will see an increase of French bishops. After 1066 most of the bishops in England were Norman. The Church in Wales and Ireland remained Anglo-Saxon-Celtic for much longer. 66. Bl. LANFRANC as Archbishop of Canterbury, who in 1070 consecrated 67. THOMAS as Archbishop of York, who on the 4th December 1094 consecrated 68. ST. ANSELM as Archbishop of Canterbury, who on the 26th July 1108 consecrated 69. RICHARD DE BELMEIS as Bishop of London, who on the 18th February 1123 consecrated 70. WILLIAM OF CORBEUIL as Abp. of Canterbury, who on the 17th Nov 1129 consecrated 71. HENRY OF BLOIS as Bishop of Winchester, who on the 3rd June 1162 consecrated 72. ST. THOMAS BECKET as Archbishop of Canterbury, who on the 23rd Aug1164 consecrated 73. ROGER OF GLOUCESTER as Bishop of Worcester, who on the 7th Nov 1176 consecrated 74. PETER DE LEIA as Bishop of St. David's, who on the 29th September 1185 assisted Baldwin, Archbishop of Canterbury, at the consecration of 75. GILBERT GLANVILLE as Bishop of Rochester, who on the 23rd May 1199 assisted Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury, at the consecration of 76. WILLIAM OF S. MERE L'EGLISE who on the 5th October 1214 assisted Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury, at the consecration of 77. WALTER DE GRAY as Bishop of Worcester ( Archbishop of York), who on the 5th December 1249 consecrated 78. WALTER KIRKHAM as Bishop of Durham, who on the 7th February 1255 consecrated 79. HENRY as Bishop of Whithern, who on the 9th January 1284 assisted William Wickwane, Archbishop of York, at the consecration of 80. ANTHONY BECK as Bishop of Durham ( Patriarch of Jerusalem) who on the 14th September 1292 consecrated 81. JOHN OF HALTON as Bishop of Carlisle, who on the 27th June 1322 assisted Thomas Cobham, Bishop of Worcester, at the consecration of ROGER NORTHBOROUGH as Bishop of Lichfield, who on the 15th July 1330 assisted Henry Burghersh, Bishop of Lincoln, at the consecration of 82. ROBERT WYVIL as Bishop of Salisbury, who on the 12th March 1340 consecrated 83. RALPH STRATFORD as Bishop of London, who on the 15th May 1346 assisted John Stratford, Archbishop of Canterbury, at the consecration of 84. WILLIAM EDENDON as Bishop of Winchester, who on the 20th March 1362 consecrated 85. IMON SUDBURY as Bishop of London, (later Archbishop of Canterbury) who on the 12th of May 1370 consecrated 86. THOMAS BRENTINGHAM as Bishop of Exeter, who on the 5th January 1382 consecrated

117 87. ROBERT BRAYBROOKE as Bishop of London, who on the 3rd February 1398 consecrated 88. ROGER WALDEN as Archbishop of Canterbury, who on the 14th July 1398 consecrated 89. HENRY BEAUFORT as Bishop of Lincoln, who in 1405 became Bishop of Winchester and on the 15th May 1435 consecrated 90. THOMAS BOURCHIER as Bishop of Worcester ( Ely, 1454 Canterbury) who on the 31st January 1479 consecrated 91. JOHN MORTON as Bishop of Ely ( Canterbury) who on the 21st May 1497 consecrated 92. RICHARD FITZJAMES as Bishop of Rochester ( Chichester, 1506 London) who on the 25th September 1502 consecrated 93. WILLIAM WARHAM as Bishop of London ( Canterbury) who on the 15th May 1521 consecrated 94. JOHN LONGLANDS as Bishop of Lincoln who on the 30th March 1533 consecrated 95. THOMAS CRANMER as Archbishop of Canterbury who in June 1536 consecrated 96. WILLIAM BARLOW as Bishop of St. David's ( Bath, 1559 Chichester), who on the 17th December 1559 consecrated 97. MATTHEW PARKER as Archbishop of Canterbury who, four days later, consecrated 98. EDMUND GRINDAL as Bishop of London ( York, 1576 Canterbury) who on the 21st April 1577 consecrated 99. JOHN WHITGIFT as Bishop of Worcester ( Canterbury) who on the 8th May 1597 consecrated 100.RICHARD BANCROFT as Bishop of London ( Canterbury) who on the 3rd December 1609 consecrated 101. GEORGE ABBOT as Bishop of Lichfield ( London, 1611 Canterbury) who on the 14th December 1617 consecrated 102. GEORGE MONTAIGNE as Bishop of Lincoln ( London, 1628 Durham, 1628 York)who on the 18th November 1621 consecrated 103. Bl. WILLIAM LAUD as Bishop of St. David's ( Bath, 1628 London, 1633 Canterbury) who on the 17th June 1638 consecrated 104. BRIAN DUPPA as Bishop of Chichester ( Salisbury, 1660 Winchester) who on the 28th October 1660 consecrated 105. GILBERT SHELDON as Bishop of London ( Canterbury) who on the 6th December 1674 consecrated 106. HENRY COMPTON as Bishop of Oxford ( London) who on the 27th January 1678 consecrated 107.WILLIAM SANCROFT, Archbishop of Canterbury who was a "non-juror" (Please look at this page. A discussion of the NONJURORS ) who on the 25th October 1685 did consecrate 108. THOMAS WHITE as Bishop of Peterborough, who was deposed in 1690 as a non-juror and on the 24th February 1693, under Royal Warrant from the exiled King James II, consecrated 109. GEORGE HICKES as Bishop of Thetford, a Non-juror who on the 24th February 1712 consecrated 110.JAMES GADDERAR (consecrated without a See; later Bishop of Aberdeen and Moray), who on the 4th June 1727 consecrated

118 111. THOMAS RATTRAY as Bishop of Dunkold, of the Scottish Episcopal Church who in 1741 consecrated 112. WILLIAM FALCONAR as Bishop of Ross and Caithness, of the Scottish Episcopal Church who on the 21st September 1768 consecrated 113. ROBERT KILGOUR as Bishop of Aberdeen, who was consecrated 12 Feb 1775 by Frederick Corwallis, who was consecrated 19 Feb 1750 by Thomas Herring... on the 14th November 1784 consecrated 114. SAMUEL SEABURY - A crucial date for members of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America is the consecration of the first Bishop of the Anglican Communion in the United States. In Aberdeen, 14 November 1784, Samuel Seabury was consecrated to the Episcopate by the Bishop and the Bishop Coadjutor of Aberdeen and the Bishop of Ross and Caithness. He thus became part of the unbroken chain of bishops that links the Church today with the Church of the Apostles. SAMUEL SEABURY, Bishop of Connecticut, of the Protestant Episcopal Church of the USA, on the 17th September 1792 did consecrate +Claggett of PECUSA 115.T. J. CLAGGETT as Bishop of Maryland, who on the 7th May 1797 consecrated 116.EDWARD BASS as Bishop of Massachusetts who on the 18th October 1797 consecrated 117.ABRAHAM JARVIS as Bishop of Connecticut, who on the 29th May 1811 consecrated 118.V. GRISWOLD as Bishop of the Eastern Diocese, who on the 31st October 1832 consecrated 119.J. H. HOPKINS as Bishop of Vermont, 120.LEON CHECHEMIAN WILLIAM CROW HUGH GEORGE DeWILLMOTT NEWMAN Wallace David de Ortega Maxey 124.Lowell Paul Wadle - April 7, Herman Adrian Spruit - June 22, Frank Ellsworth Hughes Mary Theresa Mohring Shultz 128.Catherine Adams Anthony Hash 130.Michael Carroll 131.Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. 132.James M Long (2006) 133. Kristina Rake (2016)

119 ANTIOCHEAN-JACOBITE SUCCESSION 1. Peter, 38; 2. Evodus 40; 3. Ignatius I, 43; 4. Aaron, 123; 5. Cornelius, 123; 6. Eodos, 142; 7. Theophulus, 157; 8. Maximinus, 171; 9. Seraphim, 179; 10. Astlediaes, 189; 11. Philip, 201; 12. Sebinus {Zebinus},219; 13. Babylos, 237; 14. Fabius, 250; 15. Demetrius, 251; 16. Paul I, 259; 17. Domnus I, 270; 18. Timotheus, 281; 19. Cyrilus, 281; 20. Tyrantus, 296; 21. Vitalius, 301; 22. Philognius, 318; 23. Eustachius, 323; 24. Paulinius, 338; 25. Philabianus, 383; 26. Evagrius, 386; 27. Phosohorius, 416; 28. Alexander, 418; 29. John I, 428; 30. Theodotus, 431; 31. Domnus II, 442; 32. Maximus, 450; 33. Accacius, 454; 34. Martyrius, 457; 35. Peter II, 464; 36. Philadius, 500; 37. Serverius, 509; 38. Segius, 544; 39. Domnus III, 547; 40. Anadtasius, 560; 41. Gregory I, 564; 42. Paul II, 567; 43. Patra, 571; 44. Domnus IV, 586; 45. Julianus, 591; 46. Athanasius I, 595; 47. John II, 636; 48. Theodorus I, 649; 49. Severus, 668; 50. Athanasius II, 684; 51. Julianus II, 687; 52. Elias I, 709; 53. Athanasius III 724; 54. Evanius I, 740; 55. Gervasius I, 759; 56. Joseph, 790; 57. Cyriacus, 793; 58. Dionysius I, 818; 59. John III, 847; 60. Ignatius II, 877; 61. Theodosius, 887; 62. Dionysius II 897;

120 63. John IV, 910; 64. ()Basilus I, 922; 65. John V, 936; 66. Evanius II, 954; 67. Dionysius III, 958; 68. Abraham I, 962; 69. John VI, 965, 70. Athamasius IV, 987; 71. John VII, 1004; 72. Dionysius IV, 1032; 73. Theodorus II, 1042; 74. Athanasius V, 1058; 75. John VIII, 1064; 76. Basilius II, 1074; 77. Abdoone, 1076; 78. Dionysius V, 1077; 79. Evanius III, 1080; 80. ()Dionysius VI, 1088; 81. Athanasius VI, 1091; 82. John IX, 1131; 83. Athanasius VII, 1139; 84. Michael I, 1167; 85. Athanasius VIII, 1200; 86. Michael II, 1207; 87. John X, 1208; 88. Ignatius III, 1223; 89. Dionysius VII, 1253; 90. John XI, 1253; 91. Ignatius IV, 1264; 92. Philanus, 1283; 93. Ignatius Baruhid, 1293; 94. Ignatius Ismael, 1333; 95. Ignatius Basilius III, 1366; 96. Ignatius Abraham II, 1382; 97. Ignatius Bacalius IV, 1412; 98. Ignatius Behanam I, 1415; 99. Ignatius Kalejih, 1455; 100.Ignatius John XII, 1483; 101.Ignatius Noah, 1492; 102.Ignatius Jesus I, 1509; 103.Ignatius Jacob I, 1510; 104.Ignatius David I, 1519; 105.Ignatius Abdullah I, 1520; 106.Ignatius Naamathalak, 1557; 107.Ignatius David II, 1577; 108.Ignatius Philathus, 1591; 109.Ignatius Abdullah II, 1597; 110.Ignatius Cadhai, 1598; 111.Ignatius Simeon, 1640; 112.Ignatius Jesus II, 1661; 113.Ignatius Messiah, 1661; 114.Ignatius Cabeeb, 1686; 115.Ignatius Gervasius II, 1687; 116.Ignatius Isaac, 1708; 117.Ignatius Siccarablak, 1722; 118.Ignatius Gervasius III, 1746; 119.Ignatius Gervasius IV, 1768; 120.Ignatius Mathias, 1781; 121.Ignatius Behanam, 1810; 122.Ignatius Jonas, 1817; 123.Ignatius Gervasius V, 1818; 124.Ignatius Elias II, 1839; 125.Ignatius Jacob II, 1847; 126.Mar Ignatius Peter III, 1872.

121 127. Paulose Mar Athanasius (Kadavil Kooran) was consecrated on December 4, 1907 by Mar Ignatius Peter III as Syrian Antioch Bishop of Kottayam and Metropolitan of Malabar (India) Mar Julius I (Antonio Francis Xavier Alvares) was consecrated July 28, 1889, by Paulose Mar Athanasius, under authority of Patriarch Ignatius Peter III to be Archbishop of the Latin Rite Independent Catholic Church of Ceylon, Goa and India Joseph Rene Vilatte was consecrated on May 29, 1892 in Columba, Ceylon at Our Lady of Good Death Cathedral by Mar Julius I, under authority of a Bull of Mar Ignatius Peter III, to serve as Archbishop of North America Fredrick E. Lloyd, 1915; 131.Samuel Gregory Lines, 1923; 132.Justin Boyle, 1927; 133.Lowel Paul Wadle, 1940; 134.Herman Adrian Spruit, 1957; 135.Frank Ellsworth Hughes, 1978; 136.Martha Theresa Mohring Shultz, 1982; 137.Judy C. Adams, 1993; 138.Anthony Francis Hash, Michael Carroll, Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F., James M Long (2006) 142. Kristina Rake (2016)

122 HEBREW-CELTIC SUCCESSION 1. JAMES the less: recognised by the other Apostles as the Bishop of Jerusalem 2. Simeon 3. Justus I 4. Zaccheus 5. Tobias 6. Benjamin 7. John I 8. Matthias 9. Philip 10. Seneca 11. Justus II 12. Levi 13. Ephraim 14. Joseph 15. Judas 16. Marcus 17. Cassianus 18. Publius 19. Maximus I 20. Julian 21. Caius 22. Symmachus 23. Caius II 24. Julian II 25. Maximus II 26. Antonius 27. Capito 28. Valius 29. Daleanus 30. Narcissus 31. Dius 32. Germanio 33. Gordius 34. Alexander 35. Nazabancs 36. Hymenacus 37. Zamboas 38. Herman 39. Marcarius I 40. Maximus III 41. Cyril 42. Herenius 43. Hilary 44. John II 45. Praglius 46. Juvenal 47. Anastacius 48. Martyrius 49. Salutis 50. Elias 51. John III of Jerusalem 52. ST. DAVID: consecrated first Celtic Bishop of Mineva, St. David's, Wales (AD 519) 53. Cynog 54. Teilo 55. Ceven 56. Morfall 57. Haerwneu 58. Elwaed 59. Gwrnwen 60. Llumverth 61. Gwrgwyst 62. Gwgan

123 63. Eineon 64. Clydawg 65. Elfod 66. Ethelman 67. Elane 68. Magelsgwyd 69. Made 70. Cadell 71. Sadwrnfen 72. Novis 73. Sulhaithnay 74. Idwall 75. Asser 76. Arthwael 77. Samson 78. Reubin 79. Rhydderch 80. Elwin 81. Morbiw 82. Llunwerth 83. Hubert 84. Enerius 85. Ivor 86. Morgeneu I 87. Nathan 88. Jenan 89. Arwystl 90. Morgeneu II 91. Ervin 92. Trahacarn 93. Joseph 94. Bleiddud 95. Salien 96. Abraham 97. Rhyddmarch 98. Wilfrid 99. Bernard 100. D. Fitzgerald 101. P. deleia 102. G. Camb 103. G. dehenelawe 104. Jowerth 105. Gross 106. decarew 107. T. Hech 108. D. Martin 109. H. Gower 110. J. Thorsby 111. R. Brian 112. F. Fastolfe 113. H. Doughton 114. J. Gilbert 115. G. demona 116. H. CHICHELEY: Bishop of of the Celtic Church in Wales made Archbishop of Canterbury by Rome (1408) 117. J. Stalford 118. J. Kemp 119. THOMAS BOURCHIER as Bishop of Worcester (1443 Ely, 1454 Canterbury) who on the 31st January 1479 consecrated 120. JOHN MORTON as Bishop of Ely (1486 Canterbury) who on the 21st May 1497 consecrated 121. RICHARD FITZJAMES as Bishop of Rochester (1503 Chichester, 1506 London) who on the 25th September 1502 consecrated

124 122. WILLIAM WARHAM as Bishop of London (1503 Canterbury) who on the 15th May 1521 consecrated 123. JOHN LONGLANDS as Bishop of Lincoln who on the 30th March 1533 consecrated 124. THOMAS CRANMER as Archbishop of Canterbury who in June 1536 consecrated 125. WILLIAM BARLOW as Bishop of St. David's (1549 Bath, 1559 Chichester), who on the 17th December 1559 consecrated 126. MATTHEW PARKER as Archbishop of Canterbury who, four days later, consecrated 127. EDMUND GRINDAL as Bishop of London (1570 York, 1576 Canterbury) who on the 21st April 1577 consecrated 128. JOHN WHITGIFT as Bishop of Worcester (1583 Canterbury) who on the 8th May 1597 consecrated 129. RICHARD BANCROFT as Bishop of London (1604 Canterbury) who on the 3rd December 1609 consecrated 130. GEORGE ABBOT as Bishop of Lichfield (1610 London, 1611 Canterbury) who on the 14th December 1617 consecrated 131. GEORGE MONTAIGNE as Bishop of Lincoln (1621 London, 1628 Durham, 1628 York)who on the 18th November 1621 consecrated 132. Bl. WILLIAM LAUD as Bishop of St. David's (1626 Bath, 1628 London, 1633 Canterbury) who on the 17th June 1638 consecrated 133. BRIAN DUPPA as Bishop of Chichester (1641 Salisbury, 1660 Winchester) who on the 28th October 1660 consecrated 134. GILBERT SHELDON as Bishop of London (1663 Canterbury) who on the 6th December 1674 consecrated 135. HENRY COMPTON as Bishop of Oxford (1675 London) who on the 27th January 1678 consecrated 136. WILLIAM SANCROFT, Archbishop of Canterbury who was a "non-juror who on the 25th October 1685 did consecrate 137. THOMAS WHITE as Bishop of Peterborough, who was deposed in 1690 as a non-juror and on the 24th February 1693, under Royal Warrant from the exiled King James II, consecrated 138. GEORGE HICKES as Bishop of Thetford, a Non-juror who on the 24th February 1712 consecrated 139. JAMES GADDERAR (consecrated without a See; later Bishop of Aberdeen and Moray), who on the 4th June 1727 consecrated 140. THOMAS RATTRAY as Bishop of Dunkold, of the Scottish Episcopal Church who in 1741 consecrated 141. WILLIAM FALCONAR as Bishop of Ross and Caithness, of the Scottish Episcopal Church who on the 21st September 1768 consecrated 142. ROBERT KILGOUR as Bishop of Aberdeen, who was consecrated 12 Feb 1775 by Frederick Corwallis, who was consecrated 19 Feb 1750 by Thomas Herring... on the 14th November 1784 consecrated 143. SAMUEL SEABURY - A crucial date for members of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America is the consecration of the first Bishop of the Anglican Communion in the United States. In Aberdeen, 14 November 1784, Samuel Seabury was consecrated to the Episcopate by the Bishop and the Bishop Coadjutor of Aberdeen and the Bishop of Ross and Caithness. He thus became part of the unbroken chain of bishops that links the Church today with the Church of the Apostles.

125 SAMUEL SEABURY, Bishop of Connecticut, of the Protestant Episcopal Church of the USA, on the 17th September 1792 did consecrate +Claggett of PECUSA 144. T. J. CLAGGETT as Bishop of Maryland, who on the 7th May 1797 consecrated 146. EDWARD BASS as Bishop of Massachusetts who on the 18th October 1797 consecrated 147. ABRAHAM JARVIS as Bishop of Connecticut, who on the 29th May 1811 consecrated 148. A. V. GRISWOLD as Bishop of the Eastern Diocese, who on the 31st October 1832 consecrated 149. J. H. HOPKINS as Bishop of Vermont, 150. LEON CHECHEMIAN WILLIAM CROW HUGH GEORGE DeWILLMOTT NEWMAN Wallace David de Ortega Maxey 154. Lowell Paul Wadle - April 7, Herman Adrian Spruit - June 22, Frank Ellsworth Hughes Mary Theresa Shultz 158. Catherine Adams Anthony Hash 160. Michael Carroll 161. Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. 162.James M Long (2006) 163. Kristina Rake (2016)

126 Armenian Succession 1. St. THADDEUS (circ. A.D. 50) 2. St. BARTHOLOMEW St. Zakaria St. Zementus St. Atirnerseh St. Mousche St. Schahen ) 8. St. Schavarsch ( ) 9. St. Ghevondius ( ) 10. St. Mehroujan ( ) Armenia is Illuminated and the Armenian Catholic Church established. 11. St. Gregory the Illuminator St. Aristakes I Parthian St. Vertanes I Parthian St. Houssik I Parthian Paren I Aschtischat St. Nerses I The Great Sahak I of Manazkert Zaven I of Manazkert Aspourakes of Manazkert St. Sahak I The Great St. Hovsep I of Hoghotzim Melitus I of Manazkert Movses I of Manazkert St. Gut I of Araheze St. Hovhannes I Mandakouni Babken I of Othmous Samuel I of Ardzke Mousche I of Ailaberk Sahak II of Ouhki Kristapor I of Tiraritch Ghevont I of Erast The Monophysite Schism is formalized: Catholicoi vary for or against Chalcedon 32. Nerses II of Bagrevand Hovhannes II Gabeghian Movses II of Eghivart Abraham I of Aghbatank Comitas I of Aghtzik Kristapor II Apahouni Yezer I of Parajcnakert Nersess Ill of Ischkhan Anastasius I of Akori Israel I of Othmous Sahak III of Tzorapor Eghia I of Ardjcsch St. Hovhannes III of Otzoun David I of Aramonk Tirdat I of Othmous Tirdat II of Dasnavork Sion I of Bavonk Yessai I of Eghipatrouschc Stepanos I of Douinc Hovab I of Douinc Soghomon I of Garni Gueorg I of Oschakan Hovsep II of Parpi David II of Gagagh Hovhannes IV of Ova Zakaria I of Tzak Gueorg II of Garni

127 59. St. Maschtotz I of Eghivart Hovhannes V of Draskhonakert Stepanos II Rischtouni Theodoros I Rischtouni Yeghische I Rischtouni Anania I of Moks Vahan I Suni Stepanos III of Sevan Khatchik I Arscharouni Sarkis I of Sevan Petros I Guetadartz Khatchik II of Ani Catholicoi seat moved to Cilicia. Union with Rome is re-established 71. Grigor II Vikaiasser Barsegh I of Ani Grigor III Pahlavouni St. Nerses IV Schnorhali Grigor IV Tegha Grigor V Karavege Grigor VI Apirat Hovhannes VI Medzabaro Constantine I of Bartzrberd Hacob I of Kla Constantine II Pronagortz Stepanos IV of Rhomkla Grigor VII of Anavarza Constantine III of Caesarea Constantine IV of Lambron Hacob II of Tarsus Mekhitar I of Grner Mesrob I of Ardaze Constantine V of Sis Poghos I of Sis Theodoros II of Cilicia Karapet I of Keghy Hacob III of Sis Grigor VIII Khantzoghat Poghos II of Garni Constantine VI of Vahka Grigor IX Moussabeguian The Etchmiadzin Schism: the original succession of Catholicoi continue in Cilicia 98. Grigor I. Moussabeguian Garabed Yevtogatsi Stepanos Saratsortsi Hovhannes I Andiokatsi Hovhannes II Tulgurantsi Hovhannes III Kilistsi Simeon Zeitountsi Ghazar Zeitountsi Toros Sisetsi Khachadour I Chorig Khachadour II Zeitountsi Azaria I Jughayetsi Hovhannes IV Aintabtsi Bedros I Gargaretsi* Minas Gonnetsi Simeon II Sebastiatsi Nerses Sebastiatsi Toros II Sebastiatsi Khachadour III Sebastiatsi Sahak I Meykhaneji Azaria II Gargaretsi

128 119.Grigor II Adanatsi Asdvadzadour Sasuntsi Madteos Gesaratsi Hovhannes V Hajentsi Grigor III Gesaratsi 1721/ Ghougas Sisetsi Atchabahian The Renewed Patriarchate: Armenian Catholics choose autonomy to definitively re-unite with Roman Church 125.Abraham Peter Ardzivian Jacob Peter Hovsepian Michael Peter Kasparian Basil Peter Avkadian Gregory Peter Kupelian Gregory Peter II Djeranian Jacob Peter II Holassian Gregory Peter III Derasdvazadourian Anthony Peter Hassoun Chorchorunian Leon Chechemian, 23 April Andrew Charles Albert McLagen - November 2, James Heard - June 4, William Bernard Crow - June 13, Hugh George De Willmott Newman - April 10, Wallace David de Ortega Maxey 141.Lowell Paul Wadle - April 7, Herman Adrian Spruit - June 22, Frank Ellsworth Hughes Mary Theresa Mohring Shultz 145.Catherine Adams Anthony Hash 147.Michael Carroll 148. Franciscus-Mariae of the Blessed Sacrament, O.S.F. 149.James M Long April 22 nd, Kristina Rake December 10 th, 2016

129 ADDITIONAL LINES DERIVED FROM BISHOP MICHAEL CARROLL Bishop Michael Carroll s consecrator, Archbishop Anthony Hash imparted the following lines of Succession through Mar Georgius I, Patriarch of Glastonbuery and Catholicos of the West: During and after the Second World War, Mar Georgius I, Patriarch of Glastonbury and Catholicos of the West began unifying the various strands of Old Catholics and independent Catholics. By 1956, through sub conditione consecrations, he had accumulated all sixteen lines of Apostolic succession known to exist: Syrian- Antiochene, Syrian-Malabar, Syrian-Gallican, Syro-Chaldean, Chaldean-Uniate, Coptic Orthodox, Armenian- Uniate, Order of Corporate Reunion, Old Catholic, Mariavite, Nonjuring, Anglican, Russian Orthodox, Russo- Syrian Orthodox, Greek-Melkite, and Liberal Catholic. 1. Armenian Uniate 2. Syro-Chaldean 3. Byzantine Uniate 4. Orthodox Patriarchate: (Constantinople) 5. Russian Orthodox 6. Syrian-Malabar 7. Syrian-Gallican: Alvares (Mar Julius I) 8. Coptic/Coptic Uniate 9: Old Greek Melchite (Byzantine) 11: Syrian-Melkite Uniate 12: Malankara Orthodox