(178e-17e4) Storming of the Bastille. End of feudalism. Declaration of the Rights af Man and Citizen

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1 SIffiORD ffistoft ENSTfi GROUP READING LIKE A ilie}-xtiah Timeline - Key Events of the French Revolution (178e-17e4) Over four years after the start of the French Revolution, France descended into a p"rioo commonly known as the "Reign of Tenor," when over 16,000 people were executed for allegedly opposing the Revolution. The Reign of Terror began when the Committee of PuUlicsafety took over the National Convention' the third tor"rn*"nt that had been established since the start of the French Revolution. ihe timeline below lists the governments and major reforms that were established under each. Name of Government Year Reforms National AssemblY Storming of the Bastille End of feudalism Declaration of the Rights af Man and Citizen Legislative AssemblY 179r Constitutional monarchy with king as symbolic ruler July 1792 Property requirements for voting Prussia and Austria begin invading France National Convention Sept.1792 Jacobins take control Constitutional monarchy abolished France becomes a republic with universal suffrage Jatuary 1793 King Louis XVI executed L ollō F lf o tr Committee of Public Safety takes over the National Convention July 1793 mber 1793 Decree Against Profiteers (Document A) Law of Suspects (Document B).9 o E, ltily 1794 Robespierre, leader of the Reiga of Terror, executed Reigrr of Terror ends Beign of Terror

2 STAMORD HSIOtr EilJCAIIOfl GMP READTNG LIKE A HISI.IRIAN Reign of Terror Textbook ExcerPt The Terror GriPs France foieign armies-wlre not the only enemies of the French Republic' The Jacobins had thousands of enemies within France itself' These included peasants who were horrified by the king's execution' priests who would not accept government control, and rival leaders who were stirring up rebelli6n in the provinces' How to contain and control these enemies became a central issue' Robespierre Assumes control ln the early months of 1793, one Jacobin leader, Maximilian Robespierre, slowjy gained power' Robespierre and his supporters set out to build a "republic of virtue" ny wiping out every traie of France's past. Firm believers in reason, ifi*v.n."nged the calendar, dividing the year.into 12 months of 30 days and renaming each month. This calendar had no sundays because tne raoicjb considered religion old-fashioned and dangerous. ffrey even closed all ch[rches in Paris, and cities and towns all over France soon did the same' ln July l1g3,robespierre became leader of the committee of Public Safety. For thgn"*iy"ur, Robespierre govemed France virtually as a dictator, and tne period of his rule becime known as the Reign of Terror. The committee of public safety's chief task was to protect the Revolution from its enemies. under Robespierre's leadership, the iommittee often had these "enemies" tried in the morning and griiloiin"d in the afternoon. Robespierre justified his use of terror by suggesting tnat it helpeo French citizens to remain true to the ideals of the Revolution... Thousands of unknown people were also sent to their death' often on tne ttimsiest of charges.'foi example, an 18-year-old youth was sentenced to die foicutting down a tree that had been planted as a symbol of liberty. Perhaps as many as 40,000 were executed during the Terror. About 85 peicent were peasa.nts-or members of the urban poo, or middle class-for whose benefit the Revolution had been launched. source: Modern wortd History: Pattems of tnteraction' Evanston' ll: McDougal Littell (2006), PP ' Reign oftenor

3 strmo HsrffiY mteam GROUP READING LIKE A HlSlxlAN Reign of Terror Guiding Questions Textbook ExcerPt 1. According to the textbook, why did the Jacobins have so many enemies? 2. Robespierre and his supporters created a new calendar' why would they - want to wipe out "every trace of France's past?" 3. According to the textbook, Robespierre believed tenor helped French citizens remain "true to tne ijeafs of the Revolution." What were the ideals of the French Revolution? (Use what you already know about the French Revolution to answer this question). Based on the textbook excgrpt, do you think the committee of Public ;;f,;t;;;i;ctathe Revolution from its enemies? circle one: Explain Your answer. YES NO Beign of Tenor

4 READING LIKE A Ht$;)e!Ar\i Document A: Decree Against Profiteers (Modified) tn Juty 1793, faced with an angry and hungry population, -the leaders of the Co**iUr* of Pubtic Safetypasiea the'decree Against Profiteers." The law accused "profiteers" in the countryside of hoarding ar monopolizing grain in order to raise the Price of bread. 26 July Monopoly is a capital crime. 2. Those who keep out of circulation essential merchandise or commodities without offering them for sale daily and publicly are declared guilty of monopoly The essential commodities and merchandise are: bread, meat, wine, grain, flour, vegetables, fruit, butter, vinegar, cider,- brandf, charcoal, taliow, wood, oil, soda, soap, salt, [etc'j 4. Those who have any of these commodities shall be required to declare them and sell them One week from today, those who have not declared their goods shall be considered monopolists, and, as Such, punished with death; their property shall be confiscated, and their commodities or merchandise shall be placed on sale. 6. Those convicted of making false declarations likewise shall be punished with death. Public officials who protect monopolists shall also be Punished with death' Vocabulary capital: punishable by death monopotv; total control over something thinos that can be bought or sold ""*mocjities: decree: an official order municipality: local government source: Excerpt from Decree Against Profiteers, passed July Reign of Terror

5 SIAtrORO HSTMY EnJCATrct{ GRCIF READING LIKE A FllSrRlAN Dogument A: Decree Aoainsl.Prqfiteers 7 ee of Public Safety pass the Decree Against Profiteers? 2. (Contextualization) Why did the Committee of Public $afety consider - *onopoly to be sucn a serious crime? (Hint Think back to the ideals of the French Revolution)- 3. (Close reading) what was the punishment for those who did not comply with this law? Based on the Qecree Aqainst Profiteerq, do you think the Committee of Fubfic from its enemies? Circle one: Explain your answer' YES NO Reign ol Terror

6 STATSORD HSTW EMM GroP READING LiKE A i{lstlftker',l Document B: Law of Suspects (Modified) By september 1793, the leaders of.the cammittee of Pubtic safety faced grawing counter-revolutio ni ry rp'ii'g t and mou nting fe?l of forelgn in'vasian''they responded ov puriiiiini ti*.of suspecfs,-wnicy,tstablished revolutionary courts to try anyor" Jrrp"rted of treason againstthe revolutionllmmediatelyafterthepublicationofthepresentdecree,all suspecteo persons wiinin the territory of the Republic and still at liberty shali be placed in custody' 2. The following are deemed suspected persons: 1st, those who, by their conduct, associations, talk, or writings have tno*n themselves to be enemies of liberty 2nd,thosewhoareunabtetojustifytheir.meansofexistence and the performance of their civic duties 3rd, those to whom pertificates of patriotism have been refused 4th, public officials suspended or dismissed from their positions bythenationalconventionorbyitscommissionersandnot reinstated Sth,thoseformernobles,husbands,Wives,fathers,mothers, sons oi ourgr,ters, brothers or sisters of 6miqr9?. wh.o.have not stealily iemonstrated their devotion to the Revolution Vocabulary certificates of patriotis.m: pr99f of patriotism required to serve in military,miqrds:people *tffirue their own country to settle in another' usually for political reasons Source: Excerptfrom Lawof Suspecfs' passed September 1793' Reign ol Termr

7 STSMD ffistw EO{JCANON GROIJP READING LIKE A HISFRIAN Document B: Law of SusPects 1. What was the goal of the Law of suspects? *o.ujd have been 2. (Close reading) List two examples of people Ylo considered suspects. Explain why thb Committee of Public Safety would have considered them suspects' 3,whatmighttheleadersofthecommitteeofPublicsafetyhavesaidtojustify this law? Based on the Law of suspects, do you think the committee of Public S;i"ty protect6?-i[e-rffiiution from its enemies? Circle one: YES NO Explain Your answer. Reign of Terror

8 STtrffiO HSTW EruCAffi M&P READING LIKE A HISFRIAN The Committee of public Safety was established to protect the Revolution from its enemies. Based on the Deiree Against Profiteers and the Law of Suspects, Jo Vo" tnink the Committee of Publio Safety actually protected the Revolution from its enemies? Write a paragraph in the space below, using evidence from the documents to support your claims. Reign of Terror