Collect Declaration of Independence worksheets and Break Up Letter Discuss Declaration of Independence Big Question Artifact #3 Film or Television

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2 Collect Declaration of Independence worksheets and Break Up Letter Discuss Declaration of Independence Big Question Artifact #3 Film or Television Clip (Due 12/17) Journal/Vocab Practice Thomas Paine Bio Video The Crisis Annotation and Discussion Reflection American Society Today HOMEWORK: Finish vocab packet and study Unit Two: Chapter 7 Vocab Quiz next time! NOTE: Big Question Article #3 Lab on 12/17!

3 Consider the following quote. Why do you believe that we as Americans rarely, if ever, consider or care how we acquired our freedom? What, if anything, might Americans value more than freedom? "If a nation values anything more than freedom, it will lose its freedom; and the irony of it is that if it is comfort or money that it values more, it will lose that, too." -- Somerset Maugham

4 "These are the times that try men's souls." This simple quotation from Founding Father Thomas Paine's The Crisis not only describes the beginnings of the American Revolution, but also the life of Paine himself. Throughout most of his life, his writings inspired passion, but also brought him great criticism. He communicated the ideas of the Revolution to common farmers as easily as to intellectuals, creating prose that stirred the hearts of the fledgling United States. He had a grand vision for society: he was staunchly anti-slavery, and he was one of the first to advocate a world peace organization and social security for the poor and elderly. But his radical views on religion would destroy his success, and by the end of his life, only a handful of people attended his funeral.

5 On January 29, 1737, Thomas Paine was born in Thetford, England. His father, a corseter, had grand visions for his son, but by the age of 12, Thomas had failed out of school. The young Paine began apprenticing for his father, but again, he failed. So, now age 19, Paine went to sea. This adventure didn't last too long, and by 1768 he found himself as an excise (tax) officer in England. Thomas didn't exactly excel at the role, getting discharged from his post twice in four years, but as an inkling of what was to come, he published The Case of the Officers of Excise (1772), arguing for a pay raise for officers. In 1774, by happenstance, he met Benjamin Franklin in London, who helped him emigrate to Philadelphia.

6 His career turned to journalism while in Philadelphia, and suddenly, Thomas Paine became very important. In 1776, he published Common Sense, a strong defense of American Independence from England.

7 The American Crisis is a collection of articles written by Thomas Paine during the American Revolutionary War. The essays constitute Paine's ongoing support for an independent and self-governing America through the many severe crises of the Revolutionary War. General Washington found the first essay so inspiring, he ordered that it be read to the troops at Valley Forge.

8 But, instead of continuing to help the Revolutionary cause, he returned to Europe and pursued other ventures, including working on a smokeless candle and an iron bridge. In , he wrote The Rights of Man in response to criticism of the French Revolution. This work caused Paine to be labeled an outlaw in England for his antimonarchist views. He would have been arrested, but he fled for France to join the National Convention.

9 By 1793, he was imprisoned in France for not endorsing the execution of Louis XVI. During his imprisonment, he wrote and distributed the first part of what was to become his most famous work at the time, the anti-church text, The Age of Reason ( ). He was freed in 1794 (narrowly escaping execution) thanks to the efforts of James Monroe, then U.S. Minister to France. Paine remained in France until 1802 when he returned to America on an invitation from Thomas Jefferson. Paine discovered that his contributions to the American Revolution had been all but eradicated due to his religious views. Derided by the public and abandoned by his friends, he died on June 8, 1809 at the age of 72 in New York City.

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11 Consider the following quotes. Do you believe that we have become an arrogant and lazy society unwilling to work for our goals, waiting on a handout, or believing that we should be automatically given our wants and desires? Explain your opinion using the following quotes to either strengthen your argument or for refutation. We have confused the free with the free and easy. ~~Adlai E. Stevenson "Liberty means responsibility. That is why most men dread it." -- George Bernard Shaw