William Smith papers

Transcription

1 Ms. Coll. 599 Finding aid prepared by Cl?mence Scouten. Last updated on December 16, University of Pennsylvania, Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts 2015 April 28

2 Table of Contents Summary Information...3 Biography/History...4 Scope and Contents... 5 Administrative Information... 5 Related Materials... 6 Controlled Access Headings...6 Collection Inventory... 8 I. Correspondence... 8 II. Writings...8 III. Legal papers...10 IV. Provost's Records - Volume 4 (for Volumes 1-3 and 5-6, see William Smith Papers, University Archives, University of Pennsylvania) Page 2 -

3 Summary Information Repository University of Pennsylvania: Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts Creator Smith, William, Title Call number Ms. Coll. 599 Date [inclusive] Extent 0.8 linear feet (2 boxes) Language English Abstract Personal and professional papers of William Smith, the University of Pennsylvania's first provost, covering the years 1755 to Cite as:, , Ms. Coll. 599, Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania - Page 3 -

4 Biography/History William Smith was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, the son of Elizabeth Duncan and Thomas Smith. In 1747 he left the University of Aberdeen before receiving his degree to teach, first in Scotland, and then, in 1751, in the home of Josiah Martin on Long Island, New York. Smith's 1753 essay "A General Idea of the College of Mirania" impressed Benjamin Franklin and the Rev. Richard Peters, leading to Smith's appointment to teach natural philosophy and logic at the Academy of Philadelphia. After visiting the school in June 1753, Smith wrote "A Poem on Visiting the Academy of Philadelphia." Smith's credentials were made even stronger when he was ordained as a Church of England clergyman immediately before his 1754 election as a professor at the Academy. In 1755, the Academy was chartered as the College of Philadelphia and Smith was appointed Provost, which position he held until 1779 when the College became the University of the State of Pennsylvania. He resumed his position in 1789, when the College was restored, until 1791 when it was merged with the University of the State of Pennsylvania and a new charter issued in the name of the University of Pennsylvania. During Smith's first few years on the job, Franklin supported Smith's reorganization of the school to include not only the Academy, but also the College of Philadelphia (now the University of Pennsylvania). Smith served as the College's first provost, the equivalent of the modern post of college president. Smith and Franklin, however, did not always agree. In the College, Smith put more emphasis on classical education than Franklin had envisioned. In the realm of Pennsylvania politics, Franklin and Smith were almost immediately at odds with each other, in particular about whether the provincial military forces should be controlled popularly (by Franklin's party) or by the proprietary Penn family. This public dispute led in 1756 to a power shift within Penn's Board of Trustees, and the replacement of Franklin by Richard Peters as president. In 1758, Provost Smith was jailed briefly by the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly for his printed attacks on the Assembly's military policy. During his imprisonment, Smith actually taught classes from jail. Smith was imprisoned along with William Moore, a leading Philadelphia Anglican as well as a judge, provincial assemblyman and critic of Quaker pacifism. Moore, like Smith, had been arrested as a result of his attacks on the assembly's military policy. Smith courted his jail mate's daughter Rebecca Moore and married her that same year. Together Rebecca and William Smith would have seven children. During his long tenure as Penn's first provost, Smith had a significant impact on the early formation of the college which would later be known as the University of Pennsylvania. Although Smith led Anglican services at the College and encouraged discussions of the Bible and religion outside of the classroom, he encouraged students of all faiths to attend and did not include official courses of religion in the curriculum. It was his view that students learned true religion from exposure to pure and truthful teaching. Readings focused on ethics and on deist views of the universe authored by a variety of authors. The quality of Smith's mind was widely recognized. He received honorary D.D. degrees from Oxford and Aberdeen in 1759 and from Dublin in In 1768, he was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society. - Page 4 -

5 During the Stamp Act crisis and the early years of the American Revolution, Smith favored the broadening of colonial liberties, but decried the tendency to turbulence and upheaval. His printed essays called for caution grounded in colonial self-interest. Because Pennsylvania patriots suspected Smith of Loyalist sympathies, the new state government did not name him either as a trustee or the head of the University of the State of Pennsylvania when they created the institution in Instead, the new institution was headed by John Ewing. Smith remained Provost of a diminshed College of Philadelphia until 1791 when the College was united with the University of the State of Pennsylvania to form the University of Pennsylvania. During the 1780s, Smith moved to Maryland. Here he founded Washington College as a nondenominational college with a curriculum similar to the courses he had instituted at the College of Philadelphia. In 1785, he worked on the American prayerbook. Long involved in ecclesiastical disputes, especially the controversy over whether or not to appoint an American bishop, Smith presided over the 1780 convention that created the new diocese of Maryland. He was elected, but never consecrated as Maryland's first bishop. Two of Smith's sons attended the Academy and then the College of Philadelphia: William Moore Smith ( ) A.B and Thomas Duncan Smith ( ) A.B Entirety of the biographical note taken from Penn Biographies. Scope and Contents This collection consists of personal and professional papers, including correspondence, sermons, lecture notes on natural philosophy and theology, and a small number of financial records and minutes from Smith's tenure as provost. Researchers will also find a small amount of printed material concerning the College of Philadelphia collected by Smith. Smith's efforts to raise money for the college; his roles in the operations of the college as an administrator, a member of the faculty, and a clergyman; and his struggles with political authorities are documented. Administrative Information University of Pennsylvania, Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts 2015 April 28 Finding aid prepared by Cl?mence Scouten. - Page 5 -

6 Access Restrictions This collection is open for research use. Use Restrictions Copyright restrictions may exist. For most library holdings, the Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania do not hold copyright. It is the responsibility of the requester to seek permission from the holder of the copyright to reproduce material from the Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts. Related Materials Related Archival Materials note At the University of Pennsylvania Archives and Records Center:, (bulk: ), UPT 50 S664 Controlled Access Headings Corporate Name(s) College, Academy, and Charitable Schools of Philadelphia. University of Pennsylvania. Form/Genre(s) Correspondence Lecture notes Lectures Legal documents Minutes (administrative records) Sermons Speeches - Page 6 -

7 Geographic Name(s) Pennsylvania--History--Colonial period, ca Pennsylvania--History--Revolution, Subject(s) Universities and colleges--united States--Administration - Page 7 -

8 I. Correspondence Collection Inventory I. Correspondence, College, Academy, and Charitable Schools of Philadelphia, 1761, Fergusson, Elizabeth Graeme, Jones, Samuel, Nicholson, John, 1794, Weiser, Conrad, item (2 leaves) II. Writings, a. Speeches and sermons, A charge delivered at the first anniversary commencement in the College, Sermons for Advent and Christmas in a collection of sermons, Diligence in Our Temporal and Spiritual Callings, Sermon addressed to students, undated Page 8 -

9 b. Lectures, Natural Philosophy b. Lectures, Natural Philosophy, Jasper Yeates's notes from Smith's lectures, Bound collection of partial lecture notes, Lecture notes, Lecture notes, circa c. Lectures, Theology, Theological exercises, Theological exercises, 1768 March Concluding remarks, 1768 June Theological exercises, d. Commonplace book, undated. Commonplace book, undated Commonplace book, photocopy, undated Page 9 -

10 III. Legal papers III. Legal papers, 1759, Petition to Charles Pratt, Will, IV. Provost's Records - Volume 4 (for Volumes 1-3 and 5-6, see William Smith Papers, University Archives, University of Pennsylvania), Additional Charter of the College, printed by Franklin and Hall, Miscellaneous, printed fundraising letters (photostats), Account book, England and Scotland, Receipts, Charter, Laws and Regulations for the College, Account book, Pennsylvania, An act for the continuance and encouragement of the College, "University Act", Protest to Pennsylvania Assembly, from Pennsylvania Gazette, Draft minutes, Board of Trustees, Binding, undated Page 10 -