ENGLISH REVISION SHEET. FIRST TERM AY Grade 9. Part A: Reading Comprehension

Transcription

1 ENGLISH REVISION SHEET FIRST TERM AY Grade 9 Name: Grade & Section: Date: Teacher: Part A: Reading Comprehension A. Read the story then answer the questions that follow: Tools of Persuasion! Persuasion is the art of convincing someone to agree with your point of view. According to the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos, and logos. Ethos is a speaker s way of convincing the audience that she is a credible source. An audience will consider a speaker credible if she seems trustworthy, reliable, and sincere. This can be done in many ways. For example, a speaker can develop ethos by explaining how much experience or education she has in the field. After all, you would be more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a firefighter. A speaker can also create ethos by convincing the audience that she is a good person who has their best interests at heart. If an audience cannot trust you, you will not be able to persuade them. Pathos is a speaker s way of connecting with an audience s emotions. For example, a speaker who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, a charity organization that helps animals might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats. These images are intended to fill the viewers with pity. If the audience feels bad for the animals, they will be more likely to donate money. Logos is the use of facts, information, statistics, or other evidence to make your argument more convincing. An audience will be more likely to believe you if you have data to back up your claims. For example, a commercial for soap might tell you that laboratory tests have shown that their soap kills all 7,000,000 of the bacteria living on your hands right now. This piece of information might make you more likely to buy their brand of soap. Presenting this evidence is much more convincing than simply saying our soap is the best! Use of logos can also 1

2 increase a speaker s ethos; the more facts a speaker includes in his argument, the more likely you are to think that he is educated and trustworthy. Although ethos, pathos, and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when they are used together. Indeed, most speakers use a combination of ethos, pathos, and logos to persuade their audiences. The next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial, or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion. Questions: Direction: Circle the correct option to show your answer for each question mentioned below: 1) As used in paragraph 2, what is the best antonym for the word credible? A. unintelligent B. boring C. dishonest D. amazing 2) Amy is trying to convince her mother to buy her a pair of $200 shoes. She says: Mom, the shoes I have are really old and ugly. If I don t get these new shoes, everyone at school is going to laugh at me. I will be so embarrassed that I will want to die. What form of persuasion is Amy using here? A. pathos B. ethos C. logos D. a combination of ethos, pathos, and logos 3) According to the passage, logos can build ethos because: A. an audience is more easily convinced by facts and information than simple appeals to emotions like pity or fear. B. an audience is more likely to trust a speaker who uses evidence to support his argument. C. a speaker who overuses pathos might make an audience too emotional; audiences who are too frightened or too sad are unlikely to be persuaded D. a speaker can use misleading or false information to make his argument seem more convincing. 2

3 4) According to the passage, the most effective tool of persuasion is: A. ethos, because you cannot persuade an audience that does not trust you B. logos, because it can also be used to build ethos C. a combination of ethos, pathos, and logos D. pathos, because human beings are most easily persuaded by emotion 5) Imagine you want to convince an uninformed person to take a political position that is the same as yours. What issue would you try to talk to this person about? How would you include ethos, pathos, and logos in your persuasion? Make your case below: 7) Some persuasive programming involves only ethos, some involves only pathos, and some involves only logos. Which of these single-tactic persuasion types do you find most effective? Which one is least effective? Why? 8) Sometimes ethos, pathos, and logos can be used to make people believe things that are not entirely true. Can you think of an example? How can people avoid being tricked by faulty persuasion tactics? 3

4 Informational Text B. Read the following passage and answer what follows: The Statue of Liberty Liberty Enlightening the World! More than a million people immigrate to the United States to start new lives every year, and if they are arriving in New York, one of the first sights that they will see is the Statue of Liberty. The Statue of Liberty stands on Liberty Island, near Manhattan in New York. Though she is often thought to be resident of New York, Liberty Island is actually federal property, which means that the Statue of Liberty belongs to the whole country. The Statue of Liberty is not only the tallest statue in America, it is also one of the most recognizable American symbols. The Statue of Liberty is huge. From the tip of the torch to the pedestal on which she stands, she is just over 151 feet tall. If you include the pedestal in your measurement, she stands more than 305 feet off of the ground. That s more than 30 basketball hoops or an entire football field. Her waist size is 35 feet, which would make it awfully tough to find pants, and the tablet she holds is 23 feet long. Don t worry though; she hasn t had any trouble holding that tablet yet with her 8 foot index finger. Talk about heavy handed Though America financed and built the pedestal on which the Statue of Liberty stands, the statue itself was a gift from France. In this way the complete work, much like the United States, is a product of both American and French contributions. At one time America was ruled by the British. The founding fathers of America chose to fight against Great Britain for the independence of their country. France supported America by providing money, men, and weapons of war. Had it not been for French contributions during the Revolutionary War, America would not exist in the way that it does today; therefore, it is quite fitting that the Statue of Liberty, which represents freedom, came to being by a joint American and French effort. On October 28th, 1886, just over one-hundred years after America declared its independence from Great Britain, the Statue of Liberty was completed and dedicated by its designer, Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. Perhaps no person did more to bring the statue into being than Bartholdi. Not only did Bartholdi gain both French and American approval for the project, he led the French fundraising efforts and designed the appearance of the statue. The appearance of the Statue of Liberty is somewhat derived from Libertas, the Roman goddess of freedom. The torch represents how liberty enlightens the world. The seven points or rays coming from the top of the crown represent the sun, the seven seas, the seven continents, and (as with the torch) how liberty enlightens the world. Though much of the statue was modeled after depictions of goddesses, Bartholdi modeled the face after his mother. Now that s a Mother s Day gift that s hard to top. Though Bartholdi was responsible for the external appearance of statute, the internal design can be largely credited to innovative designer, Gustave Eiffel. Though Mr. Eiffel is best known for his contributions to a tower in Paris that is named after him, he also engineered the internal structure that holds up the Statue of Liberty. Eiffel chose to use a flexible structure, so that changes in the temperature 4

5 and strong winds from the ocean would not cause the statue to crack. Because of Eiffel s crafty design, the Statue of Liberty may sway as much as three inches on a windy day. If the winds exceed 50 miles per hour, the torch may sway five inches. Eiffel is also responsible for including two spiraling staircases on the interior of the statue to help visitors reach the observation point in the crown. While most people appreciate the Statue of Liberty today, during its construction in the 1870s, many Americans were critical of the project. Some took issue with the fact that Bartholdi was French. They believed that American monuments should be designed and constructed by Americans. Others felt that the statue wasn t much of a gift since it required Americans to foot the bill for the pedestal. After the Panic of 1873, America fell into a deep economic depression that lasted through much of the 1870s. (During an economic depression people spend less money and it is harder to find jobs.) Because the nation was going through a depression, many Americans thought that money should not be spent to support a giant French statue. I think most Americans would now agree that it was a good investment. Questions: Directions: Read each question carefully and circle the best answer. Refer to the text if necessary: 1. Which is not represented by the seven points on the crown of the Statue of Liberty according to the text? a. The points represent how liberty enlightens the world. b. The points represent the seven continents. c. The points represent the sun. d. The points represent the seven days of creation. 2. Information in the second paragraph is mainly organized using which text structure? a. Spatial order b. Order of importance c. Chronological order d. Cause and effect 3. Which best expresses the main idea of the third paragraph? a. France assisted the United States in the Revolutionary War. b. The statue was a joint effort between France and the U.S. just like U.S. independence. c. The U.S. was once a colony of Great Britain. d. The statue of liberty was dedicated 100 years after America declared its independence. 4. Which is not a reason why people criticized the Statue of Liberty during its construction? a. Some people felt that the statue should have been bigger. b. Some people felt that the statue should have been built by an American. c. Some people felt that France should have paid for the statue and the pedestal. d. Some people felt that America shouldn t spend money on a statue during a depression. 5

6 5. Which of the following statements is false? a. The tablet that the Statue of Liberty holds is 23 feet long. b. The Statue of Liberty s waste size is 35 feet. c. The pedestal underneath the Statue of Liberty is 305 tall. d. The Statue of Liberty is over 151 feet tall. 6. Which best expresses the author s purpose in writing the last paragraph? a. To describe what a depression is b. To show that some people did not think very highly of the French c. To argue why the Statue of Liberty was a good investment d. To explain why some people were against building the statue. 7. Which of the following is an opinion? a. The Statue of Liberty cost a tremendous amount of money to build. b. The Statue of Liberty was sculpted by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. c. The Statue of Liberty is over 151 feet tall. d. The Statue of Liberty may sway 3 inches on a windy day. 8. Which of the following statements is false? a. The guy who built the Eiffel Tower also designed the inside of the Statue of Liberty. b. The Eiffel Tower was a gift to the Americans from the people of France. c. The Statue of Liberty is located on federal property. d. Bartholdi got permission from both the French and the US to build the statue. 9. Which of the following is not one of the ways that Bartholdi contributed to the statue? a. He designed the interior of the statue. b. He gained approval for the project from the U.S. and from France. c. He sculpted the exterior of the statue. d. He gained financing to complete the project from France. 10. Which best expresses the author s purpose in writing this text? a. To persuade people to visit the Statue of Liberty b. To inform readers with interesting facts about the Statue of Liberty c. To entertain readers with stories about the construction of the Statue of Liberty d. To describe the appearance of the Statue of Liberty. 6

7 11. Why is it significant or important that the Statue of Liberty is a product of both French and American efforts? Make your point, quote text to support it, explain your quote, and connect it back to your point? 12. Why were Gustave Eiffel s contributions to the Statue of Liberty important? Make your point, quote text to support your point, explain your quote, and connect it back to your point? 13. Why were some Americans against the construction of the Statue of Liberty? Make your point, quote text to support your point, explain your quote, and connect it back to your point? 14. Why does the Statue of Liberty look the way that she does? Make your point, quote text to support your point, explain your quote, and connect it back to your point? 7

8 Part B: Language A-Identifying Sentence Fragments: Direction: Correct these sentence fragments by adding the missing parts and write (C) if it is a correct sentence: 1. When you are worried, talk things over with someone who cares. Don't keep your troubles bottled up inside. 2. Using a paper clip to pick the lock. Archie broke into the storeroom. 3. Wild animals do not make good household pets. A wombat, for instance, may claw up your carpet looking for roots. 4. After several delays throughout the afternoon. The game was finally canceled because of rain. 5. Some sports are much more popular outside the U.S. Soccer and rugby, for example. 8

9 B-Determine if the bold words are the Independent or Subordinate Clause: 1- One evening, when the boy was going to bed, he couldn't find the china dog that always slept with him: a. Subordinate b. Independent 2- After he had sailed long enough, Harold made land without much trouble.. a. Subordinate b. Independent 3- There was a person called Nana who ruled the nursery: a. Subordinate b. Independent 4- Rain fell on the backs of the sheep as they grazed in the meadow. When the sheep tired of standing in the rain, they walked slowly up the lane and into the fold: a. Subordinate b. Independent C. Read the following and Identify the direct and Indirect objects: 1- I wished my friends a happy new year and headed back into the house. 2- After washing the dishes, I told the children a bedtime story about otters and eagles. 3- Preetha often lends her brother money, but he never pays her back. 4- Mikey handed me a note from his mother explaining his absence the day befor 9

10 D. For each item below, underline the subject complement. Identify the type of subject complement by writing PN (predicate nominative) or PA (predicate adjective) on the line before the sentence. 1. The Dead Sea is actually a lake that is entirely surrounded by land. 2. Any water flowing into the lake becomes a stagnant pool until it evaporates. 3. As a result, the lake grows saltier. 4. The water tastes so salty! 5. Rainfall is a rare occurrence in the area. E. Identify the Appositive Clauses in the following sentences: 1. Og, the King of Bashan, was saved from the flood by climbing onto the roof of the ark. 2. I once saw Margot Fonteyn, the famous ballerina. 3. Elsa, a good country woman, has a daughter named Ulga. 4. I read a biography of Disraeli, the 19th-century statesman and novelist. F. Identify the Adjective Clauses in each sentence and write (None) if the sentence does not have any: 1. People who smoke cigarettes should be considerate of nonsmokers 2. Mr. Mann has small, dark eyes, which peer inquisitively from behind metal-rimmed glasses. 10

11 3. My wedding ring is worth at least ten dollars, and now I have lost it. 4. Lila, who has been the fire warden for 30 years, lives in a trailer with some scrappy dogs and cats. G. If a sentence below is missing any commas, write each pair of words that should be separated by a comma, and add the comma. If the sentence needs no changes, write C. 1. The festival included music literature, and sports. 2. The original Games included the long jump, chariot races, and foot races. 3. The Olympic Games were part of an important popular festival. 4. The pancratium was added in 648 B.C. and combined wrestling, and boxing. 5. The pentathlon included the long jump, the javelin throw the discus throw a footrace, and wrestling. H. Underline the subject or subjects in each sentence below. If the subject is understood to be you, write You on the line before the sentence. 1. Different groups of people use bamboo for different purposes. 2. There are about 1,000 bamboo species. 3. Most plants in the bamboo family have hollow culms. 4. Narrow leaves on the joints of a bamboo plant give it a delicate look. 5. Put that bamboo plant in the office. 11

12 Part C: Vocabulary A. Replace the underlined words by selecting the most suitable word from the given options. The meaning of the text should stay the same: 1. The men were enthusiastic about beginning the hunt. A-imperative B-solicitously C-zealous 2. Their statement came as a surprise for the whole family. A- instigate B- assertion C- chronicle 3. quick and easily moving people are usually good athletes. A-vile B-tall C- Agile B. Figure out the meaning of the underlined word by using the context clues in the sentence. Circle the correct meaning of the word in bold. 4. Brian prospects for success would be better with a recommendation from his boss. A. chances B. annoyances C. adulations 5. The painting was askew, tilting slightly to the left. A. wasted B. crooked to on side C. flipped upside out 6. The principal infused her speech with encouraging remarks. A. filled B. cleared C. followed C. Use the following words in a meaningful sentence. 7. Supplication: 12

13 8. unnerving: 9. superannuated: Part D: Writing Underlining (Italics) A. In the following sentences, add underlining to indicate italics where needed: 1. Herman Melville s novel Moby-Dick describes the voyage of the Pequod, an American whaling ship. 2. This issue of Smithsonian magazine has an interesting article about mammoths and mastodons. 3. The puzzle editor of The New York Times appears in Wordplay, a documentary film about crossword puzzle competitions. 4. The science-fiction film Forbidden Planet is based on Shakespeare s play The Temp est. 5. Grant Wood s famous painting American Gothic has inspired many amusing parodies. B. Think of time when you became so excited about something. Express your thoughts and experience after reading the given example below. Make sure that your written article must have an introduction, body, and ending. Write at least three paragraphs on the topic: The Most Exciting Thing That Happened to me! Example Answer: The most exciting thing I have ever done was ride the Viper roller coaster at a theme park in California. It was the first time I had ever ridden a roller coaster and I was very excited and nervous. I remember how fast my heart was beating as the coaster started its long ascent to the very top. Then, we came plummeting down in a series of twists and turns that made me feel like I was flying. It was very exciting, and I have loved roller coasters ever since. The Most Exciting Thing That Happened to Me! 13

14 14