Rhetorical Appeals: The Available Means of Persuasion
|
|
- Doreen Jordan
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Rhetorical Appeals: The Available Means of Persuasion Aristotle defined Rhetoric as the available means of persuasion. But what are these available means? Think about it this way: what are the various ways that people try to get us to agree with their assertions? It boils down to a few basic principles: ethos, logos, pathos, kairos. Why does it matter what we call these appeals? Because we need to have a common language to describe the many ways people try to get us to agree with them or to do what they want us to do. Their goal might be to get us to buy a new kind of shower gel or to think differently about American education but, either way, texts have a few basic tools at their disposal. What are those tools? Ethos: Ethos is fundamental to any attempt to persuade because it is appeals to character. There are two basic ways that people use ethos. 1. Ethos as an attempt to establish credibility. This is an attempt to appeal to readers trust of authority. A writer/speaker/seller can use your trust in authority to convince you that her argument or product is worthwhile because she is an expert. A writer might do that by saying, I m a doctor and I ve studied obesity in children for ten years. A writer can also establish authority simply by sounding reasonable. Here s an example from Stephen Johnson who wrote a letter to Senator Hillary Clinton in I m writing to commend you for calling for a $90-million study on the effects of video games on children, and in particular the courageous stand you have taken in recent week against the notorious Grand Theft Auto series. Now, I may or may not know anything about Mr. Johnson, but so far he sounds like a reasonable guy. His tone is even, and he gets straight to the point. He s no-nonsense. As the letter goes on, we ll find out that he s not, in fact, writing to commend Senator Clinton, but to disagree with her. But we don t know that yet. And so far, one sentence in to the letter, we get a good vibe from the guy. We begin, tentatively, to like him. Ahh like him. And therefore to be slightly, even just a tiny bit, more open to whatever argument he s about to make. 2. Ethos as an attempt to establish one s own credibility by drawing on the authority of others. This appeal works in two ways: first, by demonstrating that your argument is credible because you are not the only one who thinks this way and second, because the people who agree with you are authorities. They are credible sources and therefore, you are a credible source. This kind of appeal to Ethos can easily be seen in writers who cite experts. Let s return to Johnson s letter. According to Duke University s Child Well-Being Index, he writes, today s kids are less violent than kids have been at any time since the study began in So it s not just Johnson who s saying that children are actually less violent since the release of
2 Grand Theft Auto, Duke University is saying it also. So Johnson is in good company. Is Duke University credible? Of course. Citing a credible source in turn makes Johnson more credible. Okay. Let s see Ethos in action. Watch this: The Man Your Man Could Smell Like This ad uses humor to sell a product. But it also uses appeals to ethos. What are these appeals to ethos? Remember that first, ethos is appeals to character. So, who is this character? Well, we don t know him and, via a YouTube video, we can t smell him, so why would we be convinced that just because he tells us that he smells good that he does, in fact, smell good? What do we know about him? He s muscular, and (the ad implies) unlike our man, he has a boat, two tickets to that thing we like (who are we? Women, according to this ad), diamonds, and finally, a trusty white steed. So who is he? In this ad, he is the man of every woman s dreams. Unlike our man, he smells good, and he wants to do romantic things with us. He is, in fact, a romantic myth. But, he s a romantic myth we recognize. Every woman (according to this ad) wants a man who smells good, who buys tickets, brings diamonds, has a boat and a white horse. So first we (the women the ad is trying to sell to) trust him because we recognize him as The Romantic Myth. Second, we like him because he (or at least the ad) is funny. The second way the ad uses Ethos is in establishing the character of the company. After we see this ad, ideally, we will associate Old Spice not with seventy-year old men who use Old Spice aftershave to cover up the smell of the cigars they have been smoking, but with a young, muscular, funny guy. The ad uses Ethos in an attempt to use the character of the man to improve our idea of the character of the company. We think of Old Spice, we think of this funny ad, we have a positive association, mission accomplished. ETHOS = character & credibility
3 Logos Logos includes any appeals to logic, or reason. There are two basic kinds of appeals to logic. 1. Logos as an appeal to our desire for hard evidence. Uses of statistics, facts, figures, studies, are all appeals to logic. We tend to think of logic as factual, but remember that any study is open to interpretation; one person might interpret the numbers one way, another person might see those statistics from a different angle. That s why logic is considered a kind of appeal: the writer is trying to get us to see the facts in a certain way: his way. Of course, the strength of a logical appeal is that we can look at the original study and decide for ourselves. Here s a quote from Malcolm Gladwell s essay, The Tipping Point. The anti-smoking movement has never been louder or more prominent. Yet all signs suggest that among the young the anti-smoking message is backfiring. Between 1993 and 1997, the number of college students who smoke jumped 32 percent. Since 1988, in fact, the total number of teen smokers in the United States has risen an extraordinary 73 percent. In this passage, we can see that he is using facts to support his idea that the anti-smoking campaign isn t working. How? The numbers show that in spite of the anti-smoking campaign, the number of young smokers has actually risen. How can we argue with numbers? (well we probably could. But we won t do so here.) 2. Logos as an appeal to general reason. In using this appeal, writers try to lead us, step by step, through their way of thinking. A writer begins with a premise, or a statement that she wants her readers to agree with. Then, using logic, she takes her readers step by step from the premise to her conclusion. If readers accept her premise and follow her argument step by step, then readers will be willing to accept her conclusion and, therefore, agree with her argument. Let s look at an example. Premise: Education is important. One of the key factors in quality education is the teacher. We should try to recruit and keep the best teachers in our state. Many teachers in our state leave for higher paying jobs in Wyoming and Nevada. If teacher salaries in Utah were higher, equal to the wages in Wyoming and Nevada, perhaps some of those teachers would not leave. We should raise teacher salaries in order to retain good teachers and increase the quality of education. LOGOS = logic, facts & reason
4 Pathos Pathos includes appeals to shared values and to emotions. 1. Pathos as appeals to shared values. If a writer wants to convince people to spend more money on education (to return to the example above), he needs to draw on shared values. One of those shared values is education. In our culture, we value education and the role of education in the American dream. So anyone making an argument about education would be wise to draw on that value. So one of the first things a writer might do in developing his argument would be to use how we feel about education. 2. Pathos as appeals to emotion. A writer can draw on any emotion he feels will help persuade people to be sympathetic to his argument. This might include appealing to positive feelings, such as love or compassion, but it can also include appeals to negative emotions, such as fear or anger. We can all think of examples where a politician used appeals to fear to try to convince us to vote for him and not the other guy. An appeal like that might include a warning that if we don t do whatever he thinks we should do, bad things will happen. Examples include: if we don t spend more money on the war on terror, terrorists will come to our town; or if we don t spend more money on education, we ll be left behind as China becomes the most powerful economy. Appeals to positive emotions, such as sympathy or compassion, might include examples of individuals affected by a specific issue. So a story about John Smith, who lost his job when he got cancer, might be used to elicit sympathy, and then the writer might use that sympathy to make a case for health care. PATHOS = shared value and emotions
5 Kairos Kairos includes appeals to time and place. We can think of Kairos as specific conditions, something happening now, that make a specific argument possible. We can think of Kairos as the opportune moment to make an argument. A good example is Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. s I Have A Dream speech. That speech was given on August 28, King s speech would not have been possible even a few years before. The momentum of the Civil Rights Movement, the election of JFK three years before, all of these things created an environment, a context, in which King could make a certain argument. When we think about the place he gave that argument, on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, we can see that the location also had a persuasive effect on the audience, an effect we still feel today if we watch film of the speech. He stands in our nation s capitol and tries to persuade us about issues of freedom and democracy. The place, the seat of our government, adds to the appeal of his words. 1. Kairos as an appeal to time. Many arguments are possible because of the historic time in which they are made. Certain arguments against nuclear power would not have been possible during the 1970s. Certain arguments being made now about clean nuclear power would not have been possible in the 1980s, in the wake of Chernobyl disaster. Arguments against the use of nuclear weapons certainly were different after Hiroshima. 2. Kairos as an appeal to place. Sometimes the location of the argument adds to its persuasive effects. In the example of King s speech, the location, in Washington, DC, lends some weight to the ideas he s invoking. Sometimes the right place can make an argument more persuasive. Think about how persuasive a speech about the effects of terrorism would be when given in front of the rubble of the towers. Now think about the same speech given in the Senate chambers. Both might be persuasive, but given in front of a site of terrorism, a Senator s speech would have the added force of a physical location. KAIROS= time and place
Logical Appeal (Logos)
Logical Appeal (Logos) Relies on sound reasoning, facts, statistics Uses evidence well Analyzes cause-effect relationships Uses patterns of inductive and deductive reasoning Pitfall: failure to clearly
More informationEthos. or the ethical appeal, means to convince an audience of the author s credibility or character.
Ethos or the ethical appeal, means to convince an audience of the author s credibility or character. An author would use ethos to show to his audience that he is a credible source and is worth listening
More informationPersuasive Language introduction to ethos, pathos & logos
Persuasive Language introduction to ethos, pathos & logos ARISTOTLE was a Greek philosopher who lived in the th century BCE. He was an influential thinker and wrote on many subjects from logic and ethics,
More informationLetter from Birmingham Jail Rhetorical Analysis. Luis Audelio Unzueta. The University of Texas at El Paso
Running head: LETTER FROM BIRMINGHAM ANALYSIS 1 Letter from Birmingham Jail Rhetorical Analysis Luis Audelio Unzueta The University of Texas at El Paso LETTER FROM BIRMINGHAM ANALYSIS 2 During the civil
More informationFROM INQUIRY TO ACADEMIC WRITING CHAPTER 8 FROM ETHOS TO LOGOS: APPEALING TO YOUR READERS
FROM INQUIRY TO ACADEMIC WRITING CHAPTER 8 FROM ETHOS TO LOGOS: APPEALING TO YOUR READERS YOUR UNDERSTANDING OF YOUR READERS INFLUENCES HOW YOU SEE A PARTICULAR SITUATION DEFINE AN ISSUE EXPLAIN THE ONGOING
More informationEPL: Is that even English?
EPL: Is that even English? A: NOPE! It s Greek. Ethos, pathos, and logos are Greek words that essentially mean the following: Ethos = (ethics) character/credibility Pathos = emotion Logos = logic/reason
More informationExplanations. - Provide an explanation of how your evidence supports your point
Claim - Expresses your position or stand on the issue (YOUR OPINION ON A TOPIC) - States precisely what you believe (and perhaps WHY you believe it) - This is the viewpoint you want readers to accept or
More informationWhat is Persuasive Writing
Persuasive Writing Overview: Lesson This presentation will cover: The persuasive context The role of the audience What to research and cite How to establish your credibility What is Persuasive Writing
More informationCreating a Persuasive Speech
Creating a Persuasive Speech Argumentation - Review Every argument needs to have three parts: Claim Your main idea/point Evidence Support from other sources (may fall within logos, pathos and/or ethos)
More informationVideo: How does understanding whether or not an argument is inductive or deductive help me?
Page 1 of 10 10b Learn how to evaluate verbal and visual arguments. Video: How does understanding whether or not an argument is inductive or deductive help me? Download transcript Three common ways to
More informationAnnotated Works Consulted
Annotated Works Consulted Step One Find the sources Tip: Find more than 12 sources, because some may not be as informative or ontopic as they first appear. Keeping Your Research Organized Keep a folder
More informationRhetoric = The Art of Persuasion. The history of rhetoric and the concepts of ethos, pathos and logos began in Greece.
Rhetoric = The Art of Persuasion The history of rhetoric and the concepts of ethos, pathos and logos began in Greece. Aristotle was a famous Greek philosopher. Literally translated from Greek, the word
More informationEthos, Logos, Pathos: Three Ways to Persuade
Ethos, Logos, Pathos: Three Ways to Persuade by Dr. John R. Edlund, Cal Poly Pomona Over 2,000 years ago the Greek philosopher Aristotle argued that there were three basic ways to persuade an audience
More informationArrangement (Organizing) February 12, Ross Arnold, Winter 2015 Lakeside institute of Theology
Arrangement (Organizing) February 12, 2015 Ross Arnold, Winter 2015 Lakeside institute of Theology Communications & Homiletics (CL2) Jan. 29 Introduction to Rhetoric Feb. 5 Invention (finding the meaning)
More informationThe Argumentative Essay
The Argumentative Essay Features of an argument Organized around convincing someone else that the claim is true Using evidence (grounds), warrants (reasons), and backing to support your claim We argue
More informationLogos, Ethos and Pathos
Logos, Ethos and Pathos Whenever you read an argument you must ask yourself, "is this persuasive? And if so, to whom?" There are seveal ways to appeal to an audience. Among them are appealing to logos,
More informationLanguage in any type of media meant to persuade or convince Common Examples: speeches, political posters, commercials, ads
English 2 Language in any type of media meant to persuade or convince Common Examples: speeches, political posters, commercials, ads Logical fallacies are false or intentionally misleading arguments used
More information! Prep Writing Persuasive Essay
Prep Writing Persuasive Essay Purpose: The writer will learn how to effectively plan, draft, and compose a persuasive essay using the writing process. Objectives: The learner will: Demonstrate an understanding
More informationThank You for Arguing: What Aristotle, Lincoln and Homer Simpson Can Teach Us About the Art of Persuasion. Author: Jay Heinrichs
Thank You for Arguing: What Aristotle, Lincoln and Homer Simpson Can Teach Us About the Art of Persuasion Author: Jay Heinrichs One of my father s favorite games when my siblings and I were young was to
More informationWriting a Persuasive Essay
Writing a Persuasive Essay First Steps Develop essential questions surrounding your topic! Research! Articles from credible Internet sources, books, journals, magazines, etc. Evidence Evidence should support
More informationArgument and Persuasion. Stating Opinions and Proposals
Argument and Persuasion Stating Opinions and Proposals The Method It all starts with an opinion - something that people can agree or disagree with. The Method Move to action Speak your mind Convince someone
More informationPersuasive/ Argumentative writing
Persuasive/ Argumentative writing Learning targets I can write arguments to support claims using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence. I can introduce precise claims, distinguish the claim
More information2/4/2012. AP English III; Compiled by J. A. Stanford, Jr.; modified by Erin Graham. All images: Microsoft ClipArt, unless otherwise cited.
AP English III; Compiled by J. A. Stanford, Jr.; modified by Erin Graham All images: Microsoft ClipArt, unless otherwise cited. Analogy- comparison between 2 things to show how they are alike Antithesis-
More informationand emotion to persuade the uninformed audience about ecological issues, such as how it can
Salveta 1 Kaylee Salveta Professor Susak English 1020 October 14 2018 Contribution of Self Interest: A Rhetorical Analysis of Can Selfishness Save the Environment? Making a contribution toward the planet
More informationCHAPTER 13: UNDERSTANDING PERSUASIVE. What is persuasion: process of influencing people s belief, attitude, values or behavior.
Logos Ethos Pathos Chapter 13 CHAPTER 13: UNDERSTANDING PERSUASIVE What is persuasion: process of influencing people s belief, attitude, values or behavior. Persuasive speaking: process of doing so in
More informationThe Art of Speaking. Methods of Persuasion and Rhetorical Devices
The Art of Speaking Methods of Persuasion and Rhetorical Devices Objective Having listened to a lecture on persuasive rhetoric, students will demonstrate an understanding of its elements as shown by the
More informationPERSUASIVE TERMS and WRITING. Notes PowerPoint
PERSUASIVE TERMS and WRITING Notes PowerPoint! TERMS TO KNOW:! Argument-! A mode of writing intended to win the reader s agreement.! This is similar to persuasion, but it has a difference of explaining
More informationSinners in the Hands of an Angry God. by Jonathan Edwards
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God by Jonathan Edwards Think Think about a time you tried to change someone s mind. Did you use a gentle approach, scare tactics, or something in between? Have you ever
More informationArgumentation Techniques
Grab the handout from the outbox. Read both argumentative pieces regarding Miley Cyrus. Mark the components listed on the scavenger hunt on the back side. (claim, evidence, explanation, counter-claim,
More informationConvincing People You re Right, With Style. actuality it is not. Writing in this form is simply making use of both critical thought, and
Everett Butler Hanson Advanced Comp. January, 4, 2018 Convincing People You re Right, With Style Abstract The idea of philosophical writing may seem high minded and intimidating at first, but in actuality
More informationMartin Luther King, Jr
Martin Luther King, Jr. 1929-1968 January 15, 1929 Michael King, later known as Martin Luther King, Jr., is born at 501 Auburn Ave. in Atlanta, Georgia. (King at the age of 6) His father, his grandfather
More informationLet s Make Hypocrites! Reclaim five misunderstood words to build better citizens By Jay Heinrichs
Let s Make Hypocrites! Reclaim five misunderstood words to build better citizens By Jay Heinrichs As a devoted hypocrite, I d like to make a pathetic plea for rhetoric. Although I respect your right to
More informationArgumentative Writing
Argumentative Writing Anca T-Hummel NBCT-AYA/ELA taus-hummel@phoenixunion.org Joanna Nichols I.L. English jnichols@phoenixunion.org ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY The argumentative essay is a genre of writing that
More informationI. Claim: a concise summary, stated or implied, of an argument s main idea, or point. Many arguments will present multiple claims.
Basics of Argument and Rhetoric Although arguing, speaking our minds, and getting our points across are common activities for most of us, applying specific terminology to these activities may not seem
More informationHumanizing the Future
Cedarville University DigitalCommons@Cedarville Student Publications 2014 Humanizing the Future Jessica Evanoff Cedarville University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/student_publications
More informationThe audience which is my class is composed of my peers who are freshmen, who hold a high
The audience which is my class is composed of my peers who are freshmen, who hold a high school diploma, and my professor, who has a graduate degree in English. Most of the audience has siblings or parents
More informationGrab an Everything s an Argument book off the shelf by the flags. INTRO TO RHETORIC
Grab an Everything s an Argument book off the shelf by the flags. INTRO TO RHETORIC Everything is an Argument You are bombarded with them all the time! The average American sees over 3000 advertisements
More informationArgumentative Writing. 9th Grade - English Language Arts Ms. Weaver - Qrtr 3/4
Argumentative Writing 9th Grade - English Language Arts Ms. Weaver - Qrtr 3/4 Unit Objectives IWBAT - Write an argumentative essay that supports claims in an analysis of a topic and uses valid reasoning,
More informationA Brief Guide to Writing Argumentative Essays
Doc Holley s A. P. English Language & Composition They could do it because they believed they could. Vergil 70-19 B.C. Roman A Brief Guide to Writing Argumentative Essays The art of argumentation is not
More informationRunning head: CRITIQUE OF WALTER LIPPMANN S INDISPENSABLE OPPOSITION 1
Running head: CRITIQUE OF WALTER LIPPMANN S INDISPENSABLE OPPOSITION 1 Critique of Walter Lippmann s Indispensable Opposition Melia Young October 31, 2013 Heidi Barker CRITIQUE OF WALTER LIPPMANN S INDISPENSABLE
More informationChapter 1 Why Study Logic? Answers and Comments
Chapter 1 Why Study Logic? Answers and Comments WARNING! YOU SHOULD NOT LOOK AT THE ANSWERS UNTIL YOU HAVE SUPPLIED YOUR OWN ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES FIRST. Answers: I. True and False 1. False. 2. True.
More informationThe Art of Persuasive Writing
The Art of Persuasive Writing Forms of Persuasive Writing Advertisements Editorials Speeches Propaganda Reviews Blogs Persuasive Essays Forms of Persuasive Writing Advertisements try to convince you to
More informationARGUMENT AS INQUIRY: QUESTIONING A TEXT
ARGUMENT AS INQUIRY: QUESTIONING A TEXT Adapted from Reading Rhetorically (A Reader for Writers), 2nd edition by Virginia A. Chappell and Alice M. Gillam and Writing Arguments: A Rhetoric with Readings,
More informationAP Language Summer Assignment Part 1: Rhetorical Strategies and Terms
AP Language Summer Assignment Part 1: Rhetorical Strategies and Terms Directions: For the following 25 terms, you will define them, and find an example of the strategies being used. You can find examples
More informationThesis Statements. (and their purposes)
Thesis Statements (and their purposes) What is a Thesis? Statement expressing the claim or point you will make about your subject Answers the question: What is the main idea that I m trying to present
More informationNeville Chamberlainʼs Speech on the Nazi Invasion of Poland. gave a speech to parliament that was also broadcast over the radio to the people of
Ferree 1 Ben Ferree Dr. Croft Persuasion and Propaganda April 18, 2010 Neville Chamberlainʼs Speech on the Nazi Invasion of Poland On September 1, 1939, Neville Chamberlain, then the Prime Minister of
More informationMore Good than Harm. When you see a priest hugging a little boy, what is the first thing that crosses your mind? Are these
Jeff Enquist Enquist 1 PWR Visual Rhetoric Dr. O Brien 21 January 2003 More Good than Harm When you see a priest hugging a little boy, what is the first thing that crosses your mind? Are these images of
More informationAP English III LANGUAGE & COMPOSITION Summer Reading Assignment
AP English III LANGUAGE & COMPOSITION Summer Reading Assignment SYNOPSES You will need to purchase your own copy of Thank You for Arguing: What Aristotle, Lincoln, and Homer Simpson Can Teach Us About
More informationDEALING WITH ETHOS. Some ethical appeals for the argument (especially the in-class one)
DEALING WITH ETHOS Some ethical appeals for the argument (especially the in-class one) THE ETHICAL APPEAL Unlike the Logical Appeal, the Ethic does not depend on fact and formula, but instead on pattern
More informationChapter 6: Relevance Fallacies
Chapter 6: Relevance Fallacies Let s do a brief review. We know that with deductive reasoning, a valid argument guarantees the truth of the conclusion if the premises are assumed to be true. We know that
More informationArguing for Justice. Types of Appeals
Arguing for Justice Activity 4.6 SUGGESTED Learning Strategies: SMELL, Sketching, Marking the Text, Previewing, Graphic Organizer, Think-Pair-Share, Rereading Writing Prompt: Scenario A You arrive home
More informationThe importance of persuasion It is impossible to isolate yourself from persuasive messages Politics, education, religion, business you name it!
MPS Chap. 16 The Strategy of Persuasion The focus of persuasion is not on the source, the message, or the receiver, but on all of them equally. They all cooperate to make a persuasive process. The idea
More informationWriting a Strong Thesis Statement (Claim)
Writing a Strong Thesis Statement (Claim) Marcinkus - AP Language and Composition Whenever you are asked to make an argument, you must begin with your thesis, or the claim that you are going to try to
More informationFalse equivalencies and false balance
False equivalencies and false balance Objective To help students recognize when reporters or their sources draw comparisons that bear no relation to one another. These false equivalencies are dangerous
More informationIntro: The Toulmin Model for Arguments
Intro: The Toulmin Model for Arguments The Toulmin Argument The twentieth-century British philosopher Stephen Toulmin noticed that good, realistic arguments typically will consist of six parts: Claim:
More informationTHE ALLYN & BACON GUIDE TO WRITING
THE ALLYN & BACON GUIDE TO WRITING SEVENTH EDITION JOHN D. RAMAGE, JOHN C. BEAN, AND JUNE JOHNSON PART 2: WRITING PROJECTS CHAPTER 13 WRITING A CLASSICAL ARGUMENT Chapter 13 Learning Objectives In this
More informationA Brief Introduction to Key Terms
1 A Brief Introduction to Key Terms 5 A Brief Introduction to Key Terms 1.1 Arguments Arguments crop up in conversations, political debates, lectures, editorials, comic strips, novels, television programs,
More informationRhetorical Analysis. Cedarville University. Eleanor G. Raquet Cedarville University,
Cedarville University DigitalCommons@Cedarville Student Publications 9-1-2016 Rhetorical Analysis Eleanor G. Raquet Cedarville University, eleanorgraquet@cedarville.edu Follow this and additional works
More informationThe SAT Essay: An Argument-Centered Strategy
The SAT Essay: An Argument-Centered Strategy Overview Taking an argument-centered approach to preparing for and to writing the SAT Essay may seem like a no-brainer. After all, the prompt, which is always
More informationChapter Seven The Structure of Arguments
Chapter Seven The Structure of Arguments Argumentation is the process whereby humans use reason to engage in critical decision making. The focus on reason distinguishes argumentation from other modes of
More informationModern Approaches to Argument
Chapter 2 Modern Approaches to Argument In Chapter 1, you examined ancient rhetorical tools and applied them to a modern text. In this chapter, you will encounter a variety of modern approaches to argument.
More informationVitriol in Gay Marriage Debating Hurting Everyone. President of Understanding Same-Gender Attraction, an unofficial Brigham Young University
Tony Lamph English 1010 Rhetorical Analysis Essay July 1, 2013 Vitriol in Gay Marriage Debating Hurting Everyone This is a personal essay written by Adam White, a Mormon and gay man who is the President
More informationARGUMENT ESSAY WRITING
ARGUMENT ESSAY WRITING THESIS STATEMENTS A thesis statement manages to encapsulate an essay s main argument in a one-sentence succinct statement. Writers often find it useful to create a road map thesis,
More informationAmericans Perceptions of Abraham Lincoln
Americans Perceptions of Abraham Lincoln Research conducted by Penn Schoen Berland on behalf of Participant Media Published January 2013 Objectives and Survey Audience Breakdown Objective On behalf of
More informationThe Toulmin Model in Brief
The Toulmin Model in Brief A popular form of argument is the Toulmin model (other forms include classical and Rogerian). This model is named after Stephen Toulmin, who in The Uses of Argument proposed
More informationBetter Angels: Talking Across the Political Divide De Polarizing Civil Discourse: Selected Methods
Better Angels: Talking Across the Political Divide De Polarizing Civil Discourse: Selected Methods Tone Setting Let the other person know that you want to understand their perspective better. Ask questions.
More informationInto the Wild Postreading Activities
Mrs. Bowyer EDHS Into the Wild Postreading Activities Name: Notes to Students: This is an English class. Answers not written in complete sentences will be considered incomplete. Activity 17: Summarizing
More informationAPPROACHING PERSUASIVE WRITING
APPROACHING PERSUASIVE WRITING What s the purpose of persuasive writing? To make the writer s opinions agreeable, convincing to an audience To convince readers who disagree to change their minds, or their
More information!1 of!8 Nest+M Debate. Nest + M Debate
!1 of!8 Nest+M Debate Nest + M Debate !2 of!8 Nest+M Debate Table of Contents 1: Cover Page 2: Table of Contents 3: Debate Tryouts Information 4: Debate Videos 5-8: Basic Debate Speech Breakdown (AREI)
More informationAPLC/Spring 2015/Syllogism and Enthymeme Practice 2. Hi guys! Sorry to be absent today. I will be back tomorrow.
Hi guys! Sorry to be absent today. I will be back tomorrow. Today s retake of Monday s Short Cycle Assessment will occur tomorrow. Today, find a partner and use the period to complete this activity. You
More informationEthos, Pathos, Logos
Ethos, Pathos, Logos Ethos, Pathos and Logos 1.Ethos = an ethical or moral argument 2.Pathos = an emotional argument 3. Logos = a logical argument Ethos The word "ethos" came from the Greek word ethikos
More information14.6 Speaking Ethically and Avoiding Fallacies L E A R N I N G O B JE C T I V E S
14.6 Speaking Ethically and Avoiding Fallacies L E A R N I N G O B JE C T I V E S 1. Demonstrate the importance of ethics as part of the persuasion process. 2. Identify and provide examples of eight common
More informationWhy Ethics? Lightly Edited Transcript with Slides. Introduction
Why Ethics? Part 1 of a Video Tutorial on Business Ethics Available on YouTube and itunes University Recorded 2012 by John Hooker Professor, Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University Lightly
More informationThe Roman empire ended, the Mongol empire ended, the Persian empire ended, the British empire ended, all empires end, and none lasts forever.
BASIC ARGUMENTATION Alfred Snider, University of Vermont World Schools Debate Academy, Slovenia, 2015 Induction, deduction, causation, fallacies INDUCTION Definition: studying a sufficient number of analogous
More informationTwisting Arms. Dawn DiPrince. Teaching Students How to Write to Persuade. Cottonwood Press, Inc Fort Collins, Colorado
Twisting Arms Teaching Students How to Write to Persuade Dawn DiPrince Cottonwood Press, Inc Fort Collins, Colorado Twisting Arms Table of Contents Using this Book 5 Writing to Persuade An Introduction
More informationFive Paragraph Essay. Structure, Elements, Advice
Five Paragraph Essay Structure, Elements, Advice Structure - 5 paragraphs 1) Introductory Paragraph (Intro) a) Hook, Connection, Thesis 2) Body Paragraph One a) 1st subtopic - follow format 3) Body Paragraph
More informationAppendix D Rhetoric. 1. William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar, Act III, Scene 2
Appendix D Rhetoric One of Shakespeare s most famous scenes occurs shortly after Julius Caesar dies at the hands of his friend Brutus and a group of conspirators. Brutus tries to convince a crowd of Roman
More informationRHETORICAL ARGUMENTS E T H O S, L O G O S, P A T H O S
RHETORICAL ARGUMENTS E T H O S, L O G O S, P A T H O S I CAN Determine how an author uses rhetoric to convince an audience to act on something. Understand how rhetorical devices contribute to meaning LOGOS
More informationDead Man Walking Romans Series Part 2: Redemption Power New Life Assembly Romans 6:1-14 August 8, 2010 AM
Dead Man Walking Romans Series Part 2: Redemption Power New Life Assembly Romans 6:1-14 August 8, 2010 AM Main Sermon Idea: We who believe follow Jesus on the path from dying to sin to being alive to God
More informationWriting! Think About All The Ways We Write! Whatever your mode, there are considerations that apply to effective communication that remain constant.
Writing! Think About All The Ways We Write! Course Assignments Essays Proposals Research Papers Personal Writing Letters Diaries Email Social Networking Blog Website Business Applications Writing Letters
More informationPosition Strategies / Structure Presenting the Issue
Position Strategies / Structure Presenting the Issue If it is well known, you may simply mention the topic If it is less familiar, you may need to explain it and define key terms Asserting a clear, unequivocal
More informationPersuasive Argument Relies heavily on appeals to emotion, to the subconscious, even to bias and prejudice. Characterized by figurative language,
Persuasive Argument Relies heavily on appeals to emotion, to the subconscious, even to bias and prejudice. Characterized by figurative language, rhythmic patterns of speech, etc. Logical Argument Appeals
More informationThe Literature of Civil Disobedience Response Sheet. Ralph Waldo Emerson is a significant American essayist, poet, and philosopher. He lived from 1803
ELA Lesson 3 in the Save the Trees? Project Student Name: KEY The Literature of Civil Disobedience Response Sheet Section 1 Emerson Introduction: Ralph Waldo Emerson is a significant American essayist,
More informationTom Conway, Colorado State University, Department of English Spring 2015 Context: Assignment 2: Sustainable Spaceship Argument Overview sustainably
Tom Conway, Colorado State University, Department of English Spring 2015 Context: The Spaceship Earth assignment comes in the middle of a semester in my upper division Writing Arguments course. The way
More informationThe City School PAF Chapter Prep Section. English Class 6 Comprehensive Worksheet Answer Key
The City School PAF Chapter Prep Section English Class 6 Comprehensive Worksheet Answer Key The City School / PAF Chapter/ Comprehensive Worksheet/ May 2015/ English / Class 6 / Ans Key Page 1 of 8 SECTION
More informationCritical Thinking Questions
Critical Thinking Questions (partially adapted from the questions listed in The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking by Richard Paul and Linda Elder) The following questions can be used in two ways: to
More informationReading Comprehension Fallacies in Reading
Reading Comprehension Fallacies in Reading Developed by Jamie A. Hughes, South Campus Learning Center, Communications Lab 04-25-05 Permission to copy and use is granted to all FCCJ staff provided this
More informationThe Pleasures of Eating
The Pleasures of Eating In The Pleasures of Eating by Wendell Berry, written in 1989 and published in the Center for Ecoliteracy, we are asked to question the things we do. The main audience of this article
More informationCritical Thinking is:
Logic: Day 1 Critical Thinking is: Thinking clearly and following rules of logic and rationality It s not being argumentative just for the sake of arguing Academics disagree about which departments do
More informationWhy Ethics? Lightly Edited Transcript with Slides. Introduction
Why Ethics? Part 1 of a Video Tutorial on Business Ethics Available on YouTube and itunes University Recorded 2012 by John Hooker Professor, Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University Lightly
More informationThe Art of Persuasive Writing
The Art of Persuasive Writing Forms of Persuasive Writing Advertisements Editorials Speeches Propaganda Reviews Blogs Persuasive Essays Forms of Persuasive Writing Advertisements try to convince you to
More informationChapter Five. Persuasive Writing
Chapter Five Persuasive Writing When I'm getting ready to reason with a man, I spend one-third of my time thinking about myself and what I am going to say and two-thirds thinking about him and what he
More informationTime Warner Cable/Siena College Poll October 18-19, Likely Voters New York Congressional District 24 MOE +/- 4.1% Rest of Cayuga/Oswego/
Q1. Is the United States on the right track, or is it headed in the wrong direction? Right track 32% 58% 17% 23% 32% 32% 61% 18% 39% 35% 22% 19% 30% 38% 33% 28% 38% 64% 34% 9% 25% 41% Wrong direction 59%
More informationPersuade em (Like a Boss)
Persuade em (Like a Boss) aka Keepin it Real + Sealing the Deal Another fun presentation by the Dr. of Spin, DJ SB As We ve Been Saying YOU get to choose whether your Final Speech is Informative or Persuasive
More informationChrist-Centered Critical Thinking. Lesson 6: Evaluating Thinking
Christ-Centered Critical Thinking Lesson 6: Evaluating Thinking 1 In this lesson we will learn: To evaluate our thinking and the thinking of others using the Intellectual Standards Two approaches to evaluating
More information5.b. The Three Parts of a History Paper
5.b. The Three Parts of a History Paper I. THE INTRODUCTION: The introduction is usually one paragraph, or perhaps two in a paper of eight pages or more. Its purpose is to: (1) set out the problem to be
More informationWRITING AN ESSAY. Introduction. Argument 1. Argument 2. Argument 3. Argument 4. Conclusion
WRITING AN ESSAY I. Structure Typical structure of an essay: Introduction Argument 1 Argument 2 Argument 3 Argument 4 Conclusion II. Writing an introduction The first few sentences should explain and introduce
More informationArgumentation Paper Honors/AP Language and Composition English 11
Argumentation Paper Honors/AP Language and Composition English 11 What does an argument essay look like? Read and answer the questions in The Norton Sampler: Short Essays for Composition, chapter for Argument.
More informationThe Relationship between Rhetoric and Truth. Plato tells us that oratory is the art of enchanting the soul (Phaedrus).
Samantha Weiss 21W.747 Rhetoric Aden Evens A1D The Relationship between Rhetoric and Truth Plato tells us that oratory is the art of enchanting the soul (Phaedrus). In his piece, Phaedrus, the character
More informationSkill Realized. Skill Developing. Not Shown. Skill Emerging
Joshua Foster - 21834444-05018100 Page 1 Exam 050181 - Persuasive Writing Traits of Good Writing Review pages 164-169 in your study guide for a complete explanation of the rating you earned for each trait
More information