ANOTHER VIEWPOINT (AVP_NS85, February 2003) THE DRAFT CONSTITUTION FOR A STATE OF PALESTINE* Elias H. Tuma
|
|
- Joan Briggs
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ANOTHER VIEWPOINT (AVP_NS85, February 2003) THE DRAFT CONSTITUTION FOR A STATE OF PALESTINE* Elias H. Tuma A committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) has just issued a draft for a constitution of the state of Palestine. The text deals with most issues that relate to the founding and nurturing of the new state. The articles of the proposed constitution tend to be general and consistent with public declarations of state officials around the world, such as guarantees of basic freedoms, protections of civil rights, the environment, and human rights. Two of articles, however, stand out as incongruent with constitutions of modern states or with the guarantee of basic freedoms and civil rights, or with declared Palestinian positions ever since These articles relate to religion. Article 32 relates to the refugees, though in an unrealistic and inoperative way, at least from the standpoint of achieving peace and allowing the creation of a state. I shall discuss articles 6 and 7 which relate to religion in this issue of AVP. In the next issue I shall deal with the refugee question. Article 6 states: Islam shall be the official religion of the state. The monotheistic religions shall be respected. Article 7 says: The principles of the Islamic Shari a are a primary source for legislation. The legislative branch shall determine personal status law under the authority of the monotheistic religions according to their denominations, in keeping with provisions of the constitution and the preservation of unity, stability, and advancement of the Palestinian people. These two articles represent a regressive, divisive, and harmful position toward the future of Palestine and its people. As far back as 1937 the Palestinian leaders have 1
2 called for a unified, democratic, secular state in Palestine, for Arabs, Jews, Muslims, Christians, and any others living residing in the state. The term secular has come up again and again since then in declarations by Palestinian leaders for the promised state-to-be independent democratic Palestine. The turn around in the proposed draft constitution and the declaration of Islam as the official religion of the state is a retreat from secularism, from modernity, and from rational decision making. For one thing, as an institution the state cannot have a religion. The state does not go the mosque or the church, it does not pray, seek forgiveness, or hope for an abode in heaven after it dies if it does die. These behaviors and desires are those of individual believers, since religion is a relationship between the individual and the deity. By declaring Islam as the religion of the state, the Palestinian leaders would be co-opting and usurping religion to use it in making policy and controlling the behavior of the citizens. The proposed model is well illustrated in Saudi Arabia and Iran. Articles 6 and 7 of the draft constitution are divisive. They elevate one religion over another and thus give preference to certain citizens over others just because of their different religions. To respect the monotheistic religions is not a sufficient guarantee of unity, stability, or harmony within the society. Egypt also promises to respect all religions. Yet, Muslim Egyptians tend to periodically set Christian churches on fire and cause harm to their fellow (Christian) citizens. Sudan promises to respect the different religions in that country. Yet, it tries to impose Muslim law, the Shari a, on all, including the Christians in the South, thus causing the on-going civil war for the last two decades. Violent religious conflicts in Indonesia and Nigeria have been equally destructive and divisive, in spite of the official declarations to respect and protect other religions. The inherent divisiveness of Article 7 is almost guaranteed to undermine the unity and stability of prospective state of Palestine by making the Islamic law, Shari a, as a primary source of legislation. For example, Christians in Saudi Arabia cannot hold a 2
3 prayer meeting in public, let alone build churches. In fact, until about two decades ago, Christians and Jews could not officially set foot on Saudi Arabian soil. In Sudan, Nigeria, and Iran Shari a law has undermined the status of women, increased the number of lame people and amputees who had been physically punished instead of being helped to rehabilitate after crimes they had committed. Shari a law has also imposed the cruel punishment of stoning women for sex crimes in the name of religion. Articles 6 and 7 are harmful to the state and the people because they represent a surrender by the state to the demands of Muslim fundamentalists who try to impose their will and belief on others, by violence and terror if necessary. Yet, they bring no benefit to any one in return. The fundamentalists, by invoking Shari a law, cause harm and destruction, but they do not solve any problems, least of all the political and economic problems that plague their countries. Even a cursory look at the Muslim world and at the history of Arab-Israeli conflict will show the inability of the religious leaders to deal with affairs of the state efficiently and effectively, in contrast to secular governments in East and West. On the economic side, Turkey and Tunisia are the most economically advanced Muslim countries in the Middle East, and they happen to be the most secular among them. This is especially true of Turkey which is the most economically and technologically developed, and the least dependent on the developed countries. Islamic economies have achieved little success in Pakistan, Iran, or Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia has the appearance of modernity but its economy is underdeveloped. If Palestine were to apply Islamic economic principles, there would be little hope that it will achieve better results in the economic and technological fields. If Palestine were to apply Islamic law there will be little hope that it will achieve better results in economic and technological development. 3
4 On the political side, the (religious) leadership of Palestine by Haj Amin el- Husayni brought only disaster. The Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt has brought nothing but internal conflict and suffering. The Algerian fundamentalists have made a habit of torturing and massacring village families as a way of undermining government authority, with little to gain but bloodshed. The Palestinian leaders should reconsider their draft constitution carefully before submitting it for a referendum which simply asks voters to say Yes of No. They should remember that the West has been able to develop and prosper only after secularism and rationality replaced the power of the Church over the state. They should remember that the Muslim countries, other than Turkey, all of which have failed to secularize their economies and polities, have also failed to develop economically and technologically. At the same time they have failed to devise a model of development that is consistent with Shari a law as an alternative to the secular rational model of the West. They should observe the internal religious conflicts in Iran and Turkey, which cause wider dissent and instability, and obstruct economic and social development. Not only have the Muslim countries failed to develop and prosper, they also have hindered development by obstructing progressive analytical education in their schools and institutions of higher education. Conformity, obedience, submission to authority, and rote learning have become predominant features of education in these countries. As a result individual growth, rational decision making, and freedom of inquiry have been stunted, and that is why many of the bright and creative citizens emigrate, in search of greener and more open pastures in other countries. The cost of these departures has been high to the home countries. The Palestinian people should be able to enjoy the basic freedoms in the state they hope to establish. The freedoms of religion, expression, and communication should be guaranteed. The freedoms of thought, discovery, and innovation are basic to the creation 4
5 of a stable, progressive, and prosperous economy and society. By adopting Islam as the state religion and the Shari a as the primary source of legislation, as in the draft constitution, the Palestinian leaders will defeat all objectives of freedom, development, and progress. The Palestinian people have suffered enough because of the influence of religion. They do not need to suffer even more by making Islam the official religion of the state. Let us hope that wisdom will triumph, and freedom, democracy, and rationality will be the main features of the future state of Palestine. * Prepared by the Palestine Constitution Committee headed by Dr Nabeel Ali Shaath Minister of Planning and International Cooperation Completed on 14/2/2001http:// PA website] AVP is a non-profit, non-partisan monthly published by Elias H. Tuma, professor emeritus of economics, University of California, Davis, CA. The views expressed above are those of the author and do not implicate the university in any way. On internet: 5
ANOTHER VIEWPOINT (AVP_NS84 January 2003) GEORGE BUSH TO SADDAM HUSSEIN: DO AS WE SAY, NOT AS WE DO! Elias H. Tuma
ANOTHER VIEWPOINT (AVP_NS84 January 2003) GEORGE BUSH TO SADDAM HUSSEIN: DO AS WE SAY, NOT AS WE DO! Elias H. Tuma That is the message of President Bush to President Saddam Hussein, for what is permissible
More informationCraig Charney Presentation to Center for Strategic and International Studies Washington, DC January 26, 2012
Understanding the Arab Spring : Public Opinion in the Arab World Craig Charney Presentation to Center for Strategic and International Studies Washington, DC January 26, 2012 Sources National Opinion Polls
More informationInstitute on Religion and Public Policy. Report on Religious Freedom in Egypt
Institute on Religion and Public Policy Report on Religious Freedom in Egypt Executive Summary (1) The Egyptian government maintains a firm grasp on all religious institutions and groups within the country.
More informationAlgeria Bahrain Egypt Iran
Algeria The constitution provides for freedom of conscience and worship. The constitution declares Islam to be the state religion and prohibits state institutions from behaving in a manner incompatible
More informationOPINION jordan palestine ksa uae iraq. rkey iran egypt lebanon jordan palstine
aq turkey iran egypt lebanon jordan lestine ksa uae iraq turkey iran egyp banon jordan palestine ksa uae iraq rkey iran egypt lebanon jordan palstine ksa uae iraq turkey iran egypt banon jordan palestine
More informationIslamic Banking: More Financial Inclusion for Arab States? Clement M. Henry Middle East Institute National University of Singapore
Islamic Banking: More Financial Inclusion for Arab States? Clement M. Henry Middle East Institute National University of Singapore # 1 Islamic shares of commercial banking deposits 1st yr 1986 c1997 2007
More informationN. Africa & S.W. Asia. Chapter #8, Section #2
N. Africa & S.W. Asia Chapter #8, Section #2 Muhammad & Islam Mecca Located in the mountains of western Saudi Arabia Began as an early trade center Hub for camel caravans trading throughout Southwest Asia
More informationThe Countries of Southwest Asia. Chapter 23
The Countries of Southwest Asia Chapter 23 The Countries of Southwest Asia (Middle East) Creation of Israel After WWII, Jews had no where to go. In 1948, The United Nations decided to split Palestine between
More informationProfessor Shibley Telhami,, Principal Investigator
2008 Annual Arab Public Opinion Poll Survey of the Anwar Sadat Chair for Peace and Development at the University of Maryland (with Zogby International) Professor Shibley Telhami,, Principal Investigator
More informationThe Rise and Fall of Iran in Arab and Muslim Public Opinion. by James Zogby
The Rise and Fall of Iran in Arab and Muslim Public Opinion by James Zogby Policy discussions here in the U.S. about Iran and its nuclear program most often focus exclusively on Israeli concerns. Ignored
More informationIntroduction: Key Terms/Figures/Groups: OPEC%
Council: Historical Security Council Topic: The Question of the Gulf War Topic Expert: Mina Wageeh Position: Chair Introduction: IraqileaderSaddamHusseinorderedtheinvasionandoccupationofneighboringKuwaitonthe
More informationThe American Public on the Islamic World
The American Public on the Islamic World June 7, 2005 Comments By PIPA Director Steven Kull at the Conference on US-Islamic World Relations Co-Sponsored by the Qatar Foreign Ministry and the Saban Center
More informationWESTERN IMPERIALISM AND ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM: what relation? Jamie Gough Department of Town and Regional Planning, Sheffield University
WESTERN IMPERIALISM AND ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM: what relation? Jamie Gough Department of Town and Regional Planning, Sheffield University Lecture given 14 March 07 as part of Sheffield Student Union s
More informationWho Speaks for Muslims in the Press?
Who Speaks for Muslims in the Press? 1 Predominantly Muslim Nations Surveyed Middle East and North Africa Egypt Iran Jordan Lebanon Morocco Palestine Saudi Arabia Turkey Kuwait Tunisia Algeria Libya* United
More informationAllen D. Hertzke University of Oklahoma. November 5, 2012 University of Notre Dame
Allen D. Hertzke University of Oklahoma November 5, 2012 University of Notre Dame Is the Blood of the Martyrs the Seed of It Depends the Church Today? On the landscape of the suffering church On political
More informationA CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS OF SECULARISM AND ITS LEGITIMACY IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRATIC STATE
A CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS OF SECULARISM AND ITS LEGITIMACY IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRATIC STATE Adil Usturali 2015 POLICY BRIEF SERIES OVERVIEW The last few decades witnessed the rise of religion in public
More informationISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM IN EGYPTIAN POLITICS
ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM IN EGYPTIAN POLITICS Also by Barry Rubin REVOLUTION UNTIL VICTORY? The History and Politics of the PLO 1ST ANBUL INTRIGUES MODERN DICTATORS: Third World Coupmakers, Strongmen, and
More informationValues, Trends, and the Arab Spring
Values, Trends, and the Arab Spring Mansoor Moaddel (PI) Arland Thornton (Co-PI) Stuart Karabenick Linda Young-DeMarco Julie de Jong We thank the Office of Naval Research, the National Science Foundation,
More informationArab Regional Relations
Middle East Studies Center Jordan Arab Regional Relations Reality and Prospects Reviewed by Abdelfattah Rashdan Nizam Barakat Participants Ammar Jeffal Said Al-Haj Mahjoob Zweiri Emad Kaddorah Samia Gharbi
More informationIsrael No More "The Only Democracy in the Middle East"
University of Delaware From the SelectedWorks of Muqtedar Khan Summer July 24, 2018 Israel No More "The Only Democracy in the Middle East" Muqtedar Khan, University of Delaware This work is licensed under
More informationWar in Afghanistan War in Iraq Arab Spring War in Syria North Korea 1950-
War in Afghanistan 2001-2014 War in Iraq 2003-2010 Arab Spring 2010-2011 War in Syria 2011- North Korea 1950- Began as a result of 9/11 attacks September 11, 2001 Four hijacked planes in the U.S. Two crashed
More informationSyria's Civil War Explained
Syria's Civil War Explained By Al Jazeera, adapted by Newsela staff on 02.22.17 Word Count 1,055 Level 1000L A displaced Syrian child, fleeing from Deir Ezzor besieged by Islamic State (IS) group fighters,
More informationSyria's Civil War Explained
Syria's Civil War Explained By Al Jazeera, adapted by Newsela staff on 02.22.17 Word Count 1,166 A displaced Syrian child, fleeing from Deir Ezzor besieged by Islamic State (IS) group fighters, hangs on
More informationCHAPTER 21. Central and Southwest Asia. Regional Atlas Study Guide. 2 Chapter 21. A. As You Read. B. Reviewing Vocabulary
CHAPTER 21 Regional Atlas Study Guide Central and Southwest Asia Directions: As you work through the Regional Atlas, complete the chart below. Under each main idea, write two or three supporting details.
More informationMC Review Middle East
34 The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is best known for its efforts to (1) develop workable alternatives to fossil fuels (2) bring Western oil technology to the Middle East (3) stop
More informationCIEE Amman, Jordan. Political Structures and Dynamics of the Middle East Regional System Course number:
CIEE Amman, Jordan Course name: Political Structures and Dynamics of the Middle East Regional System Course number: INRE 3003 AMJO Programs offering course: Middle East Studies Language of instruction:
More informationQuestioning Secularism: Islam, Sovereignty, And The Rule Of Law In Modern Egypt (Chicago Studies In Practices Of Meaning) By Hussein Ali Agrama
Questioning Secularism: Islam, Sovereignty, And The Rule Of Law In Modern Egypt (Chicago Studies In Practices Of Meaning) By Hussein Ali Agrama If you are searching for the book by Hussein Ali Agrama Questioning
More informationIslam - Exercises 1. How many Muslims are there in our world today? Where do most of them live? Name countries with a large Muslim population!
Islam - Exercises 1 1 Answer the following questions in your own words! How many Muslims are there in our world today? Where do most of them live? Name countries with a large Muslim population! Which prophets
More informationCIEE Amman, Jordan. Political Structures and Dynamics of the Middle East Regional System Course number:
CIEE Amman, Jordan Course name: Political Structures and Dynamics of the Middle East Regional System Course number: INRE 3003 AMJO Programs offering course: Middle East Studies Language of instruction:
More informationChapter 22 Southwest Asia pg Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Iran pg
Chapter 22 Southwest Asia pg. 674 695 22 1 Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Iran pg. 677 681 Assume the role of a leader of an oil rich country. Why would you maybe need to diversify your country s economy? What
More informationOPEN LETTER FROM LIBERAL ARABS & MUSLIMS. Request. For. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AN INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL For The Prosecution Of Terrorists
OPEN LETTER FROM LIBERAL ARABS & MUSLIMS Request TO THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL & THE U.N. SECRETARY GENERAL For THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AN INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL For The Prosecution Of Terrorists
More informationA Window into the Middle East: Interview with Haim Harari
A Window into the Middle East: Interview with Haim Harari By: Ryan Mauro tdcanalyst@optonline.net In 2004, internationally known physicist Haim Harari was invited to address the advisory board of a major
More informationThe Struggle on Egypt's New Constitution - The Danger of an Islamic Sharia State
The Struggle on Egypt's New Constitution - The Danger of an Islamic Sharia State Jonathan Fighel - ICT Senior Researcher August 20 th, 2013 The rise of the Muslim Brotherhood to power in Egypt in the January
More informationARAB REVOLUTION: SHOULD WE STILL CALL IT SPRING?
ARAB REVOLUTION: SHOULD WE STILL CALL IT SPRING? The Arab revolution has a long way to go before settling itself and establishing a calm and stable climate conducive to democracy in the region. Some Western
More informationTHE ANDREW MARR SHOW INTERVIEW: TONY BLAIR FORMER PRIME MINISTER JUNE 14 th 2014
PLEASE NOTE THE ANDREW MARR SHOW MUST BE CREDITED IF ANY PART OF THIS TRANSCRIPT IS USED THE ANDREW MARR SHOW INTERVIEW: TONY BLAIR FORMER PRIME MINISTER JUNE 14 th 2014 Now looking at the violence now
More informationPalestine and the Mideast Crisis. Israel was founded as a Jewish state in 1948, but many Palestinian Arabs refused to recognize it.
Palestine and the Mideast Crisis Israel was founded as a Jewish state in 1948, but many Palestinian Arabs refused to recognize it. Palestine and the Mideast Crisis (cont.) After World War I, many Jews
More informationHow 20 Arab & Muslim Nations View Iran & Its Policies Buy the ebook in the Amazon Kindle store.
Looking at IRAN How 20 Arab & Muslim Nations View Iran & Its Policies March 5, 2013 At the end of 2012, we polled more than 20,000 citizens in 17 Arab countries and three non-arab Muslim countries (Turkey,
More informationPhysical Geography This region is extremely arid, and most areas receive less than 18 of precipitation per year. the dry terrain varies from huge
The Middle East Physical Geography This region is extremely arid, and most areas receive less than 18 of precipitation per year. the dry terrain varies from huge tracts of sand dunes to great salt flats.
More informationPresident Trump s Speech Recognizing Jerusalem as the Capital of Israel (6 December 2017)
President Trump s Speech Recognizing Jerusalem as the Capital of Israel (6 December 2017) https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/12/06/statement-president-trump-jerusalem! President Trump presenting
More informationIslam Today: Demographics
Understanding Islam Islam Today: Demographics There are an estimated 1.2 billion Muslims worldwide Approximately 1/5 th of the world's population Where Do Muslims Live? Only 18% of Muslims live in the
More informationDissent from Vice Chair Zogby On IRFA Implementation Section of 2017 Annual Report
In 2013, and again in 2015, President Barack Obama appointed me to the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF). It has been an honor to have served as a Commissioner these past four
More informationInstitute on Religion and Public Policy Report: Religious Freedom in Kuwait
Executive Summary Institute on Religion and Public Policy Report: Religious Freedom in Kuwait (1) The official religion of Kuwait and the inspiration for its Constitution and legal code is Islam. With
More informationThe Palestinian-Israeli Pulse: A Joint Poll
The Palestinian-Israeli Pulse: A Joint Poll Tables of Findings -- June 2016 V: joint question fully identical I: Israeli only question PV: Joint question Similar, Palestinian version P: Palestinian only
More informationWhat Does the Enemy Want?
1 What Does the Enemy Want? 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Muslims Who Want Sharia Afghanistan 99% of 24 million = 24 MILLION Bangladesh 82% of 149 million = 122 MILLION Egypt 74% of 80 million = 59 MILLION Ethiopia
More informationHis Beatitude GREGORY III LAHAM. Melkite-Greek Catholic Patriarch of Antioch and All the east, of Alexandria and of Jerusalem
His Beatitude GREGORY III LAHAM Melkite-Greek Catholic Patriarch of Antioch and All the east, of Alexandria and of Jerusalem The Situation of the Christians in the Middle East NADEO (National Association
More informationMain State Actor/ Adversary. Afghan & Coalition forces. Afghan & Coalition forces. Afghan & Coalition forces. Afghan & Coalition forces
1 Who Is a Rebel? Typology and Rebel Groups in the Contemporary Middle East Hyeran Jo Rotem Dvir Yvette Isidori Table 1. Rebel groups operating in the Middle East between 1946 and 2015 Taliban 1994-Present
More informationreplaced by another Crown Prince who is a more serious ally to Washington? To answer this question, there are 3 main scenarios:
The killing of the renowned Saudi Arabian media personality Jamal Khashoggi, in the Saudi Arabian consulate building in Istanbul, has sparked mounting political reactions in the world, as the brutal crime
More informationGovernments and Politics of the Middle East
Associate Adjunct Professor: Elie Chalala Santa Monica College, Spring 2015 Political Science 14/Section 3093 Meeting Place & Time: HSS 155, 12:45-2: 05 pm Office Hours (HSS 379): Tuesdays from 10:00-11:00
More information... Connecting the Dots...
... Connecting the Dots... The Syrian Arab Army guarding the Road into Banias Everywhere we went, people said they were voting for Security. And Democracy And the Future Syrian Refugee Camp with people
More informationIn the Name of Allah Most Gracious Most Merciful The Islamic Resistance Movement Hamas
In the Name of Allah Most Gracious Most Merciful The Islamic Resistance Movement Hamas A Document of General Principles and Policies Praise be to Allah, the Lord of all worlds. May the peace and blessings
More informationThe Arab Community in London
The Arab Community in London Presented by JOHN HOWARD SOCIETY OF LONDON AND DISTRICT There are 22 Arab countries which are referred to as the Arab World The Arab population is 400 652 486 The majority
More informationTHE SULTANATE OF OMAN
STATEMENT OF THE SULTANATE OF OMAN DELIVERED BY H.E. MR. YOUSEF BIN ALAWI BIN ABDULLAH MINISTER RESPONSIBLE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS AT THE GENERAL DEBATE OF THE 64 SESSION OF THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY
More informationIssue Overview: Sunni-Shiite divide
Issue Overview: Sunni-Shiite divide By Bloomberg, adapted by Newsela staff on 10.06.16 Word Count 603 Level 800L TOP: First Friday prayers of Ramadan at the East London Mosque in London, England. Photo
More informationCommentary. Obviously, these structures were not compatible with democracy.
Commentary IS ISLAM COMPATIBLE WITH DEMOCRACY? Jul 8, 2013 B y Alon Ben-Meir The question raised by the ouster of Egypt s President Morsi is whether Islam is compatible with democracy or any form of government
More informationSyria's Civil War Explained
Syria's Civil War Explained By Al Jazeera, adapted by Newsela staff on 02.22.17 Word Count 1,055 Level 1000L A displaced Syrian child, fleeing from Deir Ezzor besieged by Islamic State (IS) group fighters,
More informationCOMPARATIVE RELIGIONS H O U R 1
COMPARATIVE RELIGIONS H O U R 1 EASTERN & WESTERN RELIGIONS Eastern (Asian based wisdom traditions) Buddhism Hinduism Taoism Confuciansim Western (Really middle eastern traditions ) Judaism Christianity
More informationIssue Overview: Sunni-Shiite divide
Issue Overview: Sunni-Shiite divide By Bloomberg, adapted by Newsela staff on 10.06.16 Word Count 731 Level 1010L TOP: First Friday prayers of Ramadan at the East London Mosque in London, England. Photo
More informationLarge and Growing Numbers of Muslims Reject Terrorism, Bin Laden
Large and Growing Numbers of Muslims Reject Terrorism, Bin Laden June 30, 2006 Negative Views of West and US Unabated New polls of Muslims from around the world find large and increasing percentages reject
More informationChanging Borders. UN s 1947 Palestine Partition Plan After the 1949 War After the Six-Day War 1967
Israel vs. Hamas Terror & counterterror orgs are deeply embedded in the century-long struggle between Israelis and Palestinians for control over territory. Understanding the evolution of terror is inseparable
More informationThe Worldviews of the Iraqi Public toward Religion, Politics, Gender, and Coalition Forces: Findings of Values Survey, November-December, 2004
The Worldviews of the Iraqi Public toward Religion, Politics, Gender, and Coalition Forces: Findings of Values Survey, November-December, 2004 Mansoor Moaddel (PI) Ronald Inglehart (Co-PI) Mark Tessler
More information22.2 THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN. Birthplace of three major world religions Jerusalem:
22.2 THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN Birthplace of three major world religions Jerusalem: Jews Historical: Modern Capital of : Visited my many each year Temple Mount Christians Historical: Modern Mount of Olives
More informationARAB ATTITUDES, 2011
ARAB ATTITUDES, 2011 U.S. And Obama Favorable Ratings Drop Sharply Top Arab Concerns: U.S. Interference and Unresolved Palestine Issue Killing bin Laden Will Not Improve Region Mixed Mood on Arab Spring
More informationVorlesung / Course Introduction to Comparative Law Einführung in die Rechtsvergleichung
Prof. Dr. Alexander Trunk Vorlesung / Course Introduction to Comparative Law Einführung in die Rechtsvergleichung Winter term (WS) 2016-2017 http://www.eastlaw.uni-kiel.de 18.10.2016: Basic questions and
More informationIslam in other Nations
Islam in other Nations Dr. Peter Hammond s book can be obtained at http://www.amazon.com/ and type in Dr Peter Hammond for his books if you want to follow up on his research. This if for your information
More informationOBAMA S ADDRESS AT AL AZHAR: SEPARATING THE DREAM FROM REALITY. Najam Rafique *
OBAMA S ADDRESS AT AL AZHAR: SEPARATING THE DREAM FROM REALITY Najam Rafique * I have come to seek a new beginning between the United States and Muslims around the world, one based upon mutual interest
More informationThe American Public and the Arab Awakening. April 11, 2011
The American Public and the Arab Awakening April 11, 2011 Methodology Dates of Survey: April 1-5, 2011 Margin of Error: +/- 3.5 percentage points Sample Sizes: 802 Survey Method: Knowledge Networks probability-based
More informationWhat is Islam? And a Christian Response
What is Islam? And a Christian Response It s not every day that religion appears as a front page story in today s newspapers, particularly on a regular basis. But over the past 20 years one religion has
More informationName: Global 10 Section. Global Review Packet #2. Belief Systems
Name: Global 10 Section Global Review Packet #2 Belief Systems 1 Flashcards! Animism Confucianism Hinduism Buddhism Shintoism Judaism Christianity Islam First religion All over the world spirits in animals
More informationThe Muslim Brotherhood s Global Threat. Dr. Hillel Fradkin. Hudson Institute. Testimony Prepared For
The Muslim Brotherhood s Global Threat Dr. Hillel Fradkin Hudson Institute Testimony Prepared For A Hearing of the Subcommittee on National Security Congressional Committee on Oversight and Government
More informationCommunication of Human Dignity An approach on Human rights
Scientia Moralitas International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research ISSN 2472-5331 (Print) ISSN 2472-5358 (Online) 2016, Vol. 1, No. 1 Communication of Human Dignity An approach on Human rights Nelu
More informationIntelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies (C.S.S)
Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies (C.S.S) December 12, 2006 Hamas prime minister Ismail Haniya firmly positioned himself in the Iranian-Syrian axis during
More informationBarack Obama and the Middle East
Barack Obama and the Middle East Cairo Speech June 4, 2009 I have come here to seek a new beginning between the United States and Muslims around the world; one based upon mutual interest and mutual respect;
More informationInterview with the Ambassador of Palestine in Athens, Marwan Emile Toubassi
Centre for Mediterranean, Middle East and Islamic Studies Interview with the Ambassador of Palestine in Athens, Marwan Emile Toubassi The interview was conducted by Zakia Aqra and Raffaele Borreca Athens,
More informationGlobal Conflict & Terrorism International Security Influencers in 2012
Global Conflict & Terrorism International Security Influencers in 2012 Cross County Patriots 17 April 2012 Phil Hamilton Intl Security & Defense Business Operations, M&A 1 Agenda Understanding Key Terms
More informationIssue Overview: Sunni-Shiite divide
Issue Overview: Sunni-Shiite divide By Bloomberg, adapted by Newsela staff on 10.06.16 Word Count 731 Level 1010L TOP: First Friday prayers of Ramadan at the East London Mosque in London, England. Photo
More informationKURZ-INFOS. Islamism in Germany BRIEF INFORMATION. A project of the Catholic and Protestant secretaries for Religious and Ideological Issues
ISLAMISMUS IN DEUTSCHLAND ENGLISCH Islamism in Germany BRIEF INFORMATION KURZ-INFOS A project of the Catholic and Protestant secretaries for Religious and Ideological Issues Evangelische Zentralstelle
More informationJihadist Strategies in the War on Terrorism
No. 855 Delivered August 12, 2004 November 8, 2004 Jihadist Strategies in the War on Terrorism Mary R. Habeck, Ph.D. I am going to be talking about a group of people who are generally known as fundamentalists,
More informationParadoxes of religious freedom in Egypt
Paradoxes of religious freedom in Egypt Tamir Moustafa and Asifa Quraishi-Landes The place of religion in the political order is arguably the most contentious issue in post-mubarak Egypt. With Islamist-oriented
More informationGLOBAL SURVEY ON THE AWARENESS AND IMPORTANCE OF ISLAMIC FINANCIAL POLICY
05 GLOBAL SURVEY ON THE AWARENESS AND IMPORTANCE OF ISLAMIC FINANCIAL POLICY The presence of an appropriate regulatory framework supported by financial policy is vital for an enabling environment that
More informationDIA Alumni Association. The Mess in the Middle East August 19, 2014 Presented by: John Moore
DIA Alumni Association The Mess in the Middle East August 19, 2014 Presented by: John Moore The Mess in the Middle East Middle East Turmoil Trends since Arab Spring started Iraq s civil war; rise of the
More informationThe Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center
The Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center November 25, 2010 Hamas and Hezbollah's satellite channels continue broadcasting via Arab-Muslim and Western satellites. The broadcasts spread
More informationISLAM IN SCHOOLS Alfredo Dagnino Legal Advisor to the Council of State
14/07/2005 Nº 18 HOME AFFAIRS ISLAM IN SCHOOLS Alfredo Dagnino Legal Advisor to the Council of State Western democratic societies area facing the challenge of teaching Islam in schools. It is essential
More informationThe Life of Muhammad Biography
Early Life of the Prophet The Prophet Muhammad, the revered founder of the Islamic faith, was born around 570 CE in Mecca, a prosperous city in modern-day Saudi Arabia. He was born into one of the most
More informationSuccesses and failures of the Pan-Arabism
Kocaeli University From the SelectedWorks of Ogulcan Sert Spring March 11, 2016 Successes and failures of the Pan-Arabism Ogulcan Sert, Kocaeli University Available at: https://works.bepress.com/ogulcan-sert/4/
More informationJihad Against Jews and Crusaders World Islamic Front Statement. 23 February 1998
Page 1 of 8 All times are GMT +6. The time now is 06:48 AM. Jamia Hafsa forum > Mujahideen Releases > Jihaad Publications Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders World Islamic Front Statement User Name User Name
More informationIntroduction to Islam, SW Asia & North Africa
Introduction to Islam, SW Asia & North Africa May 20, 2008 GEOG 1982 Islam History & Facts Distribution Veiling Political Islam History of SW Asia 20 th century Arab Israeli Conflict Northern Africa Lecture
More informationMonday, March 07, 2005 [Posted by Professor Juan Cole on his popular blog Informed Comment ] Foreign Occupation has Produced Radical Muslim Terrorism
Monday, March 07, 2005 [Posted by Professor Juan Cole on his popular blog Informed Comment ] Foreign Occupation has Produced Radical Muslim Terrorism Fareed Zakariya argues that Bush got one thing right.
More informationThe Umayyad Dynasty. Brett Coffman Liberty High School AP World History
The Umayyad Dynasty Brett Coffman Liberty High School AP World History The death of Muhammad Muhammad died in 632. Set off a problem that exists today the succession of the Islamic state Caliph Islamic
More informationcourse, our distinguished host H.E. Mr. Mohammad Sadoughi for their timely initiative to bring the importance of Yazd to surface.
Statement by H.E. Dr. Seyed AliMohammadMousavi Secretary-General of D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation before 7 th World Islamic Forum on Strategic Communication: Reference Values, Institutions,
More informationBrandon D. Hill Forum: A Christian Perspective on War For Youth Workers Topic: A Christian College Professor Talks about Christians and War
Brandon D. Hill Forum: A Christian Perspective on War For Youth Workers Topic: A Christian College Professor Talks about Christians and War The last few weeks have been hard on most of us. I know that
More informationPublic Opinion in Egypt. 19 September 2011 International Peace Institute New York
Public Opinion in Egypt 19 September 2011 New York Egyptians remain cautiously optimistic but economic concerns up sharply. Country Direction Biggest National Problem 10 8 82% August 2011 March 2011 Economy:
More informationWar on Terrorism Notes
War on Terrorism Notes Member of Ba'ath Party Mixing Arab nationalist, pan Arabism, Arab socialist and antiimperialist interests. Becomes president in 1979 Iranians and Iraqis fight because of religious
More informationPolitical Islam. Department of Political Science University of Wisconsin Eau Claire Spring 2017
Instructor: Damir Kovačević Office Location: Hibbard 415 Email: kovaced@uwec.edu Phone: 715-836-2650 Political Islam Department of Political Science University of Wisconsin Eau Claire Spring 2017 Course
More information28 th Arab Summit: Beyond the Veneer of Optimism INSTITUTE OF STRATEGIC STUDIES. Issue Brief. April 14, Arhama Siddiqa, Research Fellow, ISSI
INSTITUTE OF STRATEGIC STUDIES web: www.issi.org.pk phone: +92-920-4423, 24 fax: +92-920-4658 Issue Brief 28 th Arab Summit: Beyond the Veneer of Optimism Arhama Siddiqa, Research Fellow, ISSI April 14,
More informationAmericans Believe Muslim Antipathy Toward United States Based on Misinformation
Page 1 of 8 > Corporate Home > Global Offices > Careers March 07, 2002 SOURCE: Gallup Poll News Service CONTACT INFORMATION: Media Relations 1-202-715-3030 Subscriber Relations 1-888-274-5447 Gallup World
More informationNorth Africa 1/13/2010. Climate. Middle East: Eurocentric term for eastern Mediterranean; commonly used Islamic World: implies unity of believers
North Africa Middle East: Eurocentric term for eastern Mediterranean; commonly used Islamic World: implies unity of believers Also ignores non-muslims Arab: refers to ethnicity Muslim: refers to believer
More informationstand up with PRAY FOR Youth THE PERSECUTED Study CHURCH A four-part series on persecution in the bible and the world.
stand up with PRAY FOR Youth THE PERSECUTED Study CHURCH A four-part series on persecution in the bible and the world. opendoors.org.au opendoors.org.nz hello Open Doors Youth shares stories from the Persecuted
More information[For Israelis only] Q1 I: How confident are you that Israeli negotiators will get the best possible deal in the negotiations?
December 6, 2013 Fielded in Israel by Midgam Project (with Pollster Mina Zemach) Dates of Survey: November 21-25 Margin of Error: +/- 3.0% Sample Size: 1053; 902, 151 Fielded in the Palestinian Territories
More informationOxford Centre for Islamic Studies OVERCOMING DISCONNECT. HRH Prince Saud Al Faisal Foreign Minister of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies OVERCOMING DISCONNECT a lecture given at the Examination Schools, Oxford on 24 February 2005 by HRH Prince Saud Al Faisal Foreign Minister of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
More informationSIMULATION : The Middle East after the territorial elimination of the Islamic state in Iraq and Syria
SIMULATION : The Middle East after the territorial elimination of the Islamic state in Iraq and Syria Three foreign research institutions participate in the simulation: China Foreign Affairs University
More information