Who Speaks for Muslims in the Press?

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1 Who Speaks for Muslims in the Press? 1

2 Predominantly Muslim Nations Surveyed Middle East and North Africa Egypt Iran Jordan Lebanon Morocco Palestine Saudi Arabia Turkey Kuwait Tunisia Algeria Libya* United Arab Emirates Oman Iraq* Asia Afghanistan Bangladesh Indonesia Malaysia Pakistan India Europe Kosovo Bosnia-Herzegovina Albania London Paris Berlin Sub-Saharan Africa Burkina Faso Mali Niger Nigeria Sierra Leone Ethiopia Senegal Tanzania Sudan Central Asia Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Uzbekistan *Pending Copyright 2007 Gallup, Inc. All rights reserved. 2

3 Gathering a Representative Sample 3 Copyright 2008 Gallup, Inc. All rights reserved.

4 Women as Passive Victims In a survey of photographs of Muslims in the American press, three-quarters (73%) of the women were depicted in passive capacities, compared with less than one-sixth (15%) of the men. In photographs of the Middle East, the role of victim is the most frequently cast for women. Women were six times (42%) more likely to be portrayed as victims than were men (7%) Reference: Kamalipour, Y. (1995). The U.S. media and the Middle East: image and perception. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers. 4

5 A Woman Should be allowed to work at any job she is qualified Lebanon Malaysia Sudan Saudi Arabia Jordan Iran Egypt Women Men 5

6 Women as Pissed Off Victims Iraqi Governing Council ordering in late December that family laws shall be "canceled and such issues placed under the jurisdiction of strict Islamic legal doctrine known as Sharia. This week, outraged Iraqi women -- from judges to cabinet ministers -- denounced the decision in street protests and at conferences. The Washington Post Jan. 15,

7 Separation of Religion from Political Power Among Iraqi Women 7

8 Aspects of public matters religious authorities should play a direct role in: Family Law Among Iraqi Women 8

9 Representative Voice? I am living proof that Muslim women can only benefit from turning away from the principles in their faith that justify subordination and embracing those of liberty in [the West]. -Ayaan Hirsi Ali 9

10 Which statements do you associate with Muslim nations? Attachment to their spiritual and moral values is critical to their progress Adopting Western values will help in their progress Egypt Indonesia Saudi Arabia Lebanon Iran Bangladesh Jordan Pakistan 0% 22.5% 45.0% 67.5% 90.0% 10

11 Greater interaction between Muslim and Western worlds is a. EGYPT SAUDI ARABIA BANGLADESH USA PAKISTAN Benefit Threat INDONESIA IRAN TURKEY MALAYSIA 0% 22.5% 45.0% 67.5% 90.0% 11

12 Islam and Christianity in US TV news: Perspective of reporting Islam: Fundamentalists, armed groups make up 58% Islam Christianity Reporting about religious protagonists was rather unbalanced in US TV news: While Muslims were frequently associated with militant (53%) groups, 68% of descriptions of Christianity referred to religious organisations or clerics. Basis: 5,792 / 3,713 statements in 3 US main evening TV news, 01/ /

13 The 9/11 Attacks 7.00 Anti-US and 9/11 Completely justified (5) Completely Unjustified (1)

14 Al Qaeda and likeminded groups boast as members only a fraction of one percent of the 91 million Muslims who may have celebrated September 11 Reference: Assessing the Salafi Jihadist Movement Mark Stout and Colonel Thomas Lynch 14

15 Attacks on Civilians USA 6.1% Indonesia 1.5% Lebanon 1.6% Turkey 0.8% Pakistan 2.2% Iran 1.3% Saudi 3.9% 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% 1 Cannot be justified at all Completely justifiable 15

16 No Difference in Piety Anti-US 9/11 condoners All Others 94 Religion an important part of your life-yes Copyright 2008 Gallup, Inc. All rights reserved.

17 Some people think that bombing and other types of attacks intentionally aimed at civilians are sometimes justified while others think that this kind of violence is never justified. Do you personally feel that such attacks are often justified, sometimes justified, rarely justified or never justified? Often justified Sometimes justified Rarely justified Never justified Refuse/DN American Public 5.1% 19.2% 27.3% 46.5% 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Source: WorldPublicOpinion.org U.S. 12/6-12/ Iran: 10/31-12/6 2006

18 Who Speaks for Muslims in the Press? 18

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