Professor Shibley Telhami,, Principal Investigator

Transcription

1 2008 Annual Arab Public Opinion Poll Survey of the Anwar Sadat Chair for Peace and Development at the University of Maryland (with Zogby International) Professor Shibley Telhami,, Principal Investigator Survey conducted March 2008 in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Saudi Arabia (KSA) and the UAE Sample Size: 4,046 MOE+/- 1.6% Special thanks to Carnegie Corporation of New York for their support port

2 Some Key Findings Iraq: : Only 6% of Arabs polled believe that the American surge has worked. A plurality (35% ) do not believe reports that violence has in fact declined. Over 61% believe that if the US were to withdraw from Iraq, Iraqis will find a way to bridge their differences, and a only 15% believe the civil war would expand. 81% of Arabs polled (outside Iraq) believe that the Iraqis are worse off than they were before the Iraq war. Iran: In contrast with the fears of many Arab governments, the Arab public does not appear to see Iran as a major threat. Most believe that Iran has the right to its nuclear program and do not support international pressure to force it to curtail its program. A plurality of Arabs (44%) believes that if Iran were to acquire nuclear weapons, the outcome would be more positive for the region than negative. The Arab Israeli conflict: : There is an increase in the expressed importance of the Palestinian issue, with 86% of the public identifying it as being at least among the e top three issues to them. A majority of Arabs continues to support the two state solution based on the 1967 borders, but an increasing majority is pessimistic about its prospects. If the prospects of a two state solution collapse, 50% believe it would lead to a state of intense conflict for years to come, while only 9% believe it would lead to a one state solution, and only 7% believe that the Palestinians would eventually surrender. Palestinian Divisions: : In the conflict between Hamas and Fatah,, only 8% sympathize with Fatah most, while 18% sympathize with Hamas,, and 38% sympathize with both to some extent. In so far as they see Palestinians as somewhat responsible for the state of affairs a in Gaza, 15% blame Hamas s government most, 23% blame the government appointed by President Mahmoud Abbas,, and 39% blame both equally. The Lebanese Crisis: : Only 9% express sympathy with the majority governing coalition in the current internal crisis in Lebanon, while 30% sympathize with the opposition led by Hizbollah,, 24% sympathize with neither side, and 19% sympathize with both to some extent.

3 Key Findings (continued) Popular Leaders: : Hezbollah s s leader, Hassan Nasrallah,, increased his popularity as the most admired leader in the Arab world (26%) There was also an increase in the e popularity of President Bashar Assad of Syria. Also striking, however, was the emerging popularity of modernizing Sunni Arab leaders, particularly Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid al Maktoum of Dubai, when respondents identify the two leaders they admire most. Attitudes toward the US: : 83% of the public has an unfavorable view of the US and 70% express no confidence in the US. Still, Arabs continue to rank the US among g the top countries with freedom and democracy for their own people. 32% believe that, from the point t of view of advancing peace in the Middle East, American policy will remain the same, no matter who wins the US elections. 18% believe that Barack Obama has the best chance of advancing peace, 13% believe Hillary Clinton has the best chance, while 4% identify John McCain as having the best t chance for advancing peace. Global Outlook: : France continues to be the most popular country, China continues to make a good showing, and views of Pakistan have declined. Media: Al Jazeera continues to command the largest share of the Arabic news market, with 53% of Arabs polled identifying it as their first choice for news, with practically no change from last year. Egyptian Television and Al Arabiya Arabiya have made some gains over last year. To a plurality of respondents, the quality OF both Al Arabiya Arabiya and Al Jazeera has improved over previous years, with only a small minority perceiving a decline.

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5 War in Iraq 2008 Arab Public Opinion Poll

6 2008 War in Iraq Do you feel most of the Iraqi people are now better off or worse off after the war, or do you feel things for them are about the same as before the war? Most are about the same 12% Most are worse off 81% Most are better off 2%

7 2008 War in Iraq Do you feel most of the Iraqi people are now better off or worse off after the war, or do you feel things for them are about the same as before the war? Most are about the same 2006, 8% 2008, 12% Most are worse off 2008, 81% 2006, 87% Most are better off 2006, 2% 2008, 2%

8 2008 War in Iraq Do you feel most of the Iraqi people are now better off or worse off after the war, or do you feel things for them are about the same as before the war? Most are about the same W/Egypt, 12% W/O Egypt, 7% Most are worse off W/Egypt, 81% W/O Egypt, 88% Most are better off W/Egypt, 2% W/O Egypt, 3%

9 2008 Iraq War Which of the following is your biggest concern about the consequences of the war in Iraq? (Choose two) Iran is now a more powerful state 8% Iraq may be divided 40% US will continue to dominate Iraq long after the transfer of power to the Iraqis 40% Continuing trouble in Iraq will divert attention from other issues such as the Palestinian question 42% Iraq will remain unstable and spread instability in the region 59%

10 Iraq War, Which of the following is your biggest concern about the consequences of the war in Iraq? (Choose two) Iran is now a more powerful state 2008, 8% 2006, 15% Iraq may be divided 2008, 40% 2006, 49% US will continue to dominate Iraq long after the transfer of power to the Iraqis Continuing trouble in Iraq will divert attention from other issues such as the Palestinian question 2006, 42% 2008, 40% 2006, 31% 2008, 42% Iraq will remain unstable and spread instability in the region 2006, 42% 2008, 59%

11 2008 War in Iraq Which of the following is your biggest concern about the consequences of the war in Iraq? (Choose two) Iran is now a more powerful state W/Egypt, 8% W/O Egypt, 12% Iraq may be divided W/Egypt, 40% W/O Egypt, 45% US will continue to dominate Iraq long after the transfer of power to the Iraqis W/Egypt, 40% W/O Egypt, 35% Continuing trouble in Iraq will divert attention from other issues such as the Palestinian question W/Egypt, 42% W/O Egypt, 44% Iraq will remain unstable and spread instability in the region W/Egypt, 59% W/O Egypt, 58%

12 2008 War in Iraq Which of the following is your biggest concern about the consequences of the war in Iraq? (Choose two) Iraq will remain unstable and spread instability in the region Continuing trouble in Iraq will divert attention from other issues such as the Palestinian question US will continue to dominate Iraq long after the transfer of power to the Iraqis Iraq may be divided Iran is now a more powerful state Total UAE KSA Morocco Lebanon Jordan Egypt

13 2008 Iraq War Since the surge of American forces in Iraq, the number of reported violent incidents has significantly declined in many parts of Iraq. Which of the following is closest to your view? It is an indication that the surge is working and will increase the chance of a stable political settlement in Iraq 6% The reduction of violence has little to do with the American surge, but still believe that the situation in Iraq is headed toward a stable political settlement 19% The reduction of violence has little to do with the American surge, and it is only a matter of time before violence increases again 31% I don't believe the reports of a significant reduction in violence 36%

14 2008 War in Iraq Since the surge of American forces in Iraq, the number of violent incidents has significantly declined in many parts of Iraq. Which of the following is closest to your view? It is an indication that the surge is working and will increase the chance of a stable political settlement in Iraq W/Egypt, 6% W/O Egypt, 9% The reduction of violence has little to do with the American surge, but still believe that the situation in Iraq is headed toward a stable political settlement W/Egypt, 19% W/O Egypt, 29% The reduction of violence has little to do with the American surge, and it is only a matter of time before violence increases again W/Egypt, 31% W/O Egypt, 23% I don't believe the reports of a significant reduction in violence W/Egypt, 36% W/O Egypt, 32%

15 2008 Iraq War What do you believe would happen if the United States quickly withdrew its forces? Civil war will expand rapidly 15% The situation will not change 17% Iraqis will find a way to bridge their differences 61%

16 2008 Iraq War What do you believe would happen in Iraq if the United States quickly withdrew its forces? Iraqis will find a way to bridge their differences The situation will not change Civil war will expand rapidly Total 61% 17% 15% UAE 42% 23% 21% KSA 66% 21% 13% Morocco 45% 24% 25% Lebanon 88% 1% 3% Jordan 87% 7% 4% Egypt 64% 14% 12%

17 Iraq War, What do you believe would happen in Iraq if the US quickly withdrew its forces? Civil war will expand rapidly 2008, 15% 2006, 24% The situation will not change 2006, 23% 2008, 17% Iraqis will find a way to bridge their differences 2006, 44% 2008, 61%

18 2008 War in Iraq What do you believe would happen in Iraq if the US quickly withdrew its forces? Civil war will expand rapidly W/Egypt, 15% W/O Egypt, 18% The situation will not change W/Egypt, 17% W/O Egypt, 20% Iraqis will find a way to bridge their differences W/Egypt, 61% W/O Egypt, 58%

19 Views of Al Qaeda 2008 Arab Public Opinion Poll

20 2008 Al Qaeda Aggregate When you think about Al Qaeda, what aspect of the organization, if any, do you sympathize with most: That it seeks to create an Islamic state like that of the Taliban in Afghanistan 7% Its methods of operation 10% That it stands for Muslim causes such as the Palestinian issue 18% I do not sympathize at all with this organization 21% That it confronts the US 30%

21 2008 Al Qaeda s When you think about Al Qaeda, what aspect of the organization, if any, do you sympathize with most: That it seeks to create an Islamic state like that of the Taliban in Afghanistan 2006, 7% 2008, 7% Its methods of operation 2006, 11% 2008, 10% That it stands for Muslim causes such as the Palestinian issue 2006, 14% 2008, 18% I do not sympathize at all with this organization 2008, 21% 2006, 33% That it confronts the US 2006, 33% 2008, 30%

22 2008 Al Qaeda Aggregate When you think about Al Qaeda, which aspect of the organization, if any, do you sympathize with most? That it seeks to create an Islamic state like that of the Taliban in Afghanistan W/Egypt, 7% W/O Egypt, 9% Its methods of operation W/Egypt, 10% W/O Egypt, 14% That it stands for Muslim causes such as the Palestinian issue W/Egypt, 18% W/O Egypt, 20% I do not sympathize at all with this organization W/Egypt, 21% W/O Egypt, 21% That it confronts the US W/Egypt, 30% W/O Egypt, 26%

23 Views of Iran s s Nuclear Program 2008 Arab Public Opinion Poll

24 2008 Iran's Nuclear Program Do you believe that: Iran is trying to develop nuclear weapons 39% Iran is merely conducting research for peaceful purposes 46%

25 Changes in Views of Iran's Nuclear Program, Do you believe that: Iran is trying to develop nuclear weapons 2008, 39% 2006, 51% Iran is merely conducting research for peaceful purposes 2006, 27% 2008, 46%

26 2008 Iran's Nuclear Program Do you believe that: Iran is trying to develop nuclear weapons W/Egypt, 39% W/O Egypt, 46% Iran is merely conducting research for peaceful purposes W/Egypt, 38% W/O Egypt, 52%

27 2008 Iran's Nuclear Program If Iran acquires nuclear weapons, which of the following is closest to your view? It will use them against Arab states 8% It will use them against Israel 31% It will not use them, but they will help Iran increase its influence regionally and globally 45%

28 2008 Iran's Nuclear Program If Iran acquires nuclear weapons, which of the following is closest to your view: It will use them against Arab states W/Egypt, 8% W/O Egypt, 11% It will use them against Israel W/Egypt, 31% W/O Egypt, 32% It will not use them, but they will help Iran increase its influence regionally and globally W/Egypt, 45% W/O Egypt, 44%

29 2008 Iran's Nuclear Program If Iran acquires nuclear weapons, which of the following is the likely outcome for the Middle East: It would not matter 12% The outcome would be more negative 29% The outcome would be more positive 44%

30 2008 Iran's Nuclear Program If Iran acquires nuclear weapons, which of the following is the likely outcome for the Middle East: The outcome would be more positive The outcome would be more negative It would not matter Total 44% 29% 12% UAE 51% 42% 2% KSA 73% 26% 1% Morocco 37% 35% 13% Lebanon 29% 20% 32% Jordan 18% 25% 32% Egypt 43% 28% 11%

31 2008 Iran's Nuclear Program If Iran acquires nuclear weapons, which of the following is the likely outcome for the Middle East: It would not matter W/Egypt, 12% W/O Egypt, 13% The outcome would be more negative W/Egypt, 29% W/O Egypt, 27% The outcome would be more positive W/Egypt, 44% W/O Egypt, 49%

32 2008 Iran's Nuclear Program There is international pressure on Iran to curtail its nuclear program. What is your opinion? Iran should be pressured to stop its nuclear program 22% Iran has the right to its nuclear program and the international pressure should cease 67%

33 2008 Iran's Nuclear Program There is international pressure on Iran to curtail its nuclear program. What is your opinion? Iran has the right to its nuclear program and the international pressure should cease Iran should be pressured to stop its nuclear program Total 67% 22% UAE 55% 34% KSA 71% 27% Morocco 60% 31% Lebanon 75% 15% Jordan 75% 15% Egypt 68% 17%

34 Changes in Views of Iran's Nuclear Program, There is international pressure on Iran to curtail its nuclear program. What is your opinion? Iran should be pressured to stop its nuclear program 2006, 24% 2008, 22% Iran has the right to its nuclear program and the international pressure should cease 2006, 61% 2008, 67%

35 2008 Iran's Nuclear Program There is international pressure on Iran to curtail its nuclear program. What is your opinion? Iran should be pressured to stop its nuclear program W/Egypt, 22% W/O Egypt, 27% Iran has the right to its nuclear program and the international pressure should cease W/Egypt, 67% W/O Egypt, 66%

36 Israeli-Palestinian Conflict 2008 Arab Public Opinion Poll

37 2008 Israeli Palestinian Conflict Which of the following statements is closest to your view about the prospects of lasting peace between Israel and the Palestinians? I don't believe it will ever happen 55% It is inevitable, but it will take more time 27% It will happen in the next five years 13%

38 2008 Israeli Palestinian Conflict Which of the following statements is closest to your view about the prospects of lasting peace between Israel and the Palestinians? I don't believe it will ever happen W/Egypt, 55% W/O Egypt, 49% It is inevitable, but it will take more time W/Egypt, 27% W/O Egypt, 32% It will happen in the next five years W/Egypt, 13% W/O Egypt, 16%

39 2008 Israeli Palestinian Conflict What do you believe is the likely outcome if the prospects for a two state solution of the Palestinian Israeli conflict collapse? Total UAE 9% 27% 55% 21% 38% 23% 7% 2% It will lead to a one state solution in which Israelis and Palestinians are equal KSA 7% 56% 34% 1% It will lead to a state of intense conflict for years to come Morocco 13% 52% 18% 10% Lebanon 2% 61% 26% 4% The status quo will continue with little change Jordan Egypt 9% 63% 56% 21% 32% 7% 4% Palestinians will eventually surrender to Israeli power, give up and integrate into other societies

40 2008 Palestinian Israeli Conflict What do you believe is the likely outcome if the prospects for a twostate solution of the Palestinian Israeli conflict collapse? Palestinians will eventually surrender to Israeli power, give up and integrate into other societies W/Egypt, 7% W/O Egypt, 6% The status quo will continue with little change W/Egypt, 23% W/O Egypt, 25% It will lead to a state of intense conflict for years to come W/Egypt, 55% W/O Egypt, 54% It will lead to a one state solution in which Israelis and Palestinians are equal W/Egypt, 9% W/O Egypt, 10%

41 Israeli Palestinian Conflict, Which of the following statements is closest to your view? I am prepared for a just and comprehensive peace with Israel if Israel is willing to return all the territories occupied in the 1967 war including East Jerusalem, and the Arab governments should put more effort into this I am prepared for a just and comprehensive peace with Israel if Israel is willing to return all the territories occupied in the 1967 war including East Jerusalem, but I don't believe the Israelis will ever give up these territories peacefully Even if the Israelis return all of the territories occupied in 1967 peacefully, the Arabs should continue to fight Israel no matter what the outcome % 52% 19% % 38% 29%

42 2006 Israeli Palestinian Conflict Which of the following statements is closest to your view? I am prepared for a just and comprehensive peace with Israel if Israel is willing to return all the territories occupied in the 1967 war including East Jerusalem, and the Arab governments should put more effort into this I am prepared for a just and comprehensive peace with Israel if Israel is willing to return all the territories occupied in the 1967 war including East Jerusalem, but I don't believe the Israelis will ever give up these territories peacefully Even if the Israelis return all of the territories occupied in 1967 peacefully, the Arabs should continue to fight Israel no matter what the outcome Total 23% 38% 29% UAE 23% 53% 16% KSA 16% 34% 42% Morocco 27% 46% 19% Lebanon 26% 39% 25% Jordan 18% 34% 36% Egypt 23% 36% 30%

43 2008 Israeli Palestinian Conflict Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Even if the Israelis return all of the territories occupied in 1967 peacefully, the Arabs should continue to fight Israel no matter what W/Egypt, 19% W/O Egypt, 20% I am prepared for a just and comprehensive peace with Israel if Israel is willing to return all territories occupied in the 1967 war including East Jerusalem, but I don't believe the Israelis will ever give up these territories peacefully W/Egypt, 52% W/O Egypt, 53% I am prepared for a just and comprehensive peace with Israel if Israel is willing to return all territories occupied in the 1967 war including East Jerusalem, and the Arab Governments should put more effort into this W/Egypt, 21% W/O Egypt, 21%

44 Importance of Palestine Among Non Palestinian Arabs How important is the issue of Palestine in your priorities? (respondents who answered "most important" or "top three") % % % % % %

45 2008 Israeli Palestinian Conflict What do you believe is the likely outcome if the prospects for a two state solution of the Palestinian Israeli conflict collapse? Total UAE 9% 27% 55% 21% 38% 23% 7% 2% It will lead to a one state solution in which Israelis and Palestinians are equal KSA 7% 56% 34% 1% It will lead to a state of intense conflict for years to come Morocco 13% 52% 18% 10% Lebanon 2% 61% 26% 4% The status quo will continue with little change Jordan Egypt 9% 63% 56% 21% 32% 7% 4% Palestinians will eventually surrender to Israeli power, give up and integrate into other societies

46 Views of Israel 2008 Arab Public Opinion Poll

47 2008 US Israeli Relations What do you believe motivates Israeli policies in the region and American support for these policies? US and Israel have mutual interests most of the time 41% Israel is a tool of US foreign policy 26% Israel influences US to support its policies 24%

48 US Israeli Relations, What do you believe motivates Israeli policies in the region and American support for these policies? US and Israel have mutual interests most of the time 2006, 42% 2008, 41% Israel is a tool of US foreign policy 2006, 25% 2008, 26% Israel influences US to support its policies 2006, 26% 2008, 24%

49 2008 US Israeli Relations What do you believe motivates Israeli policies in the region and the US support for these policies? US and Israel have mutual interests most of the time W/Egypt, 42% W/O Egypt, 37% Israel is a tool of US foreign policy W/Egypt, 25% W/O Egypt, 27% Israel influences US to support its policies W/Egypt, 26% W/O Egypt, 29%

50 Views of Israel Looking at the recent violence in Lebanon and Gaza, describe your attitudes toward Israel's power: Israel is very powerful and is likely to use that power to consolidate its position in the region even more in the future Israel is weaker than it looks and it is a matter of time before it is defeated Israel has its strengths and weaknesses and no one can tell if it will get stronger or weaker relative to the Arab world in the future % 35% 39% % 46% 36%

51 2008 Views of Israel 6 Country Aggregate Looking at the recent violence in Lebanon and Gaza, describe your attitude towards Israel's power Israel has its strengths and weaknesses and no one can tell if it will get stronger or weaker relative to the Arab world in the future W/Egypt, 39% W/O Egypt, 31% Israel is weaker than it looks and it is a matter of time before it is defeated W/Egypt, 35% W/O Egypt, 40% Israel is very powerful and is likely to use that power to consolidate its position in the region even more in the future W/Egypt, 16% W/O Egypt, 22%

52 Palestinian Domestic Politics 2008 Arab Public Opinion Poll

53 2008 Palestinian Politics In the current conflict among the Palestinians with whom do you sympathize most? Fatah Hamas Both to Some Extent Total 8% 18% 37% UAE 16% 52% 13% KSA 18% 40% 28% Morocco 7% 8% 43% Lebanon 20% 29% 23% Jordan 7% 22% 24% Egypt 6% 15% 38%

54 2008 Palestinian Domestic Politics In the current conflict among the Palestinians, with whom do you sympathize most? Both to Some Extent W/Egypt, 37% W/O Egypt, 34% Hamas W/Egypt, 18% W/O Egypt, 21% Fatah W/Egypt, 8% W/O Egypt, 12%

55 2008 Palestinian Politics When you observe the current state of affairs in Gaza, which of the Palestinian parties do you believe is most responsible for it? Hamas's Government in Gaza They are equally responsible The government appointed by President Mahmoud Abbas Total 15% 23% 39% UAE 13% 44% 35% KSA 12% 46% 42% Morocco 24% 22% 34% Lebanon 19% 42% 28% Jordan 19% 23% 44% Egypt 12% 17% 41%

56 2008 Palestinian Domestic Politics When you observe the current state of affairs in Gaza, which of the Palestinian parties do you believe is most responsible for it? They are equally responsible W/Egypt, 39% W/O Egypt, 37% The government appointed by President Mahmoud Abbas W/Egypt, 23% W/O Egypt, 31% Hamas's Government in Gaza W/Egypt, 15% W/O Egypt, 20%

57 Lebanese Politics 2008 Arab Public Opinion Poll

58 2008 Lebanese Politics In the internal crisis in Lebanon, with whom do you sympathize most? The majority governing coalition led by Prime Minister Fouad Siniora 9% Both to some extent 19% Neither 24% The opposition led by Hizbullah 30%

59 2008 Lebanese Politics Lebanon by Confessional Group In the current internal crisis in Lebanon, with whom do you sympathize most? Total 30% 24% 19% 9% The opposition led by Hizbullah Druze Christian 15% 25% 68% 45% 26% 13% 4% 3% The majority governing coalition led by Prime Minister Fouad Siniora Both to some extent Sunni 4% 55% 21% 18% Neither Shiia 83% 13% 2%

60 2006 Lebanese Politics Lebanon by Confessional Group After the Lebanon War, describe your attitudes toward Hizbullah My view is more positive My view is more negative My view has not changed My view has shifted from positive to negative Total 37% 33% 25% Druze 22% 47% 18% 6% Christian 24% 44% 27% Sunni 26% 44% 23% Shiia 68% 2% 27%

61 Views of the US 2008 Arab Public Opinion Poll

62 2008 Views of the US Generally speaking, is your attitude towards the United States: Very favorable 4% Somewhat favorable 11% Somewhat unfavorable 19% Very unfavorable 64%

63 Views of the US, Generally speaking, is your attitude towards the United States: Very favorable 2006, 4% 2008, 4% Somewhat favorable 2006, 8% 2008, 11% Somewhat unfavorable 2006, 21% 2008, 19% Very unfavorable 2006, 57% 2008, 64%

64 2008 Views of the US Generally speaking, is your attitude towards the United States: Very favorable W/Egypt, 4% W/O Egypt, 6% Somewhat favorable W/Egypt, 11% W/O Egypt, 13% Somewhat unfavorable W/Egypt, 19% W/O Egypt, 24% Very unfavorable W/Egypt, 64% W/O Egypt, 55%

65 2008 Views of the US How much confidence do you have in the United States? No confidence 70% Some confidence 25% A lot of confidence 4%

66 Views of the US, How much confidence do you have in the United States? No confidence 2006, 69% 2008, 70% Some confidence 2006, 25% 2008, 25% A lot of confidence 2006, 3% 2008, 4%

67 2008 Views of the US How much confidence do you have in the United States? No confidence W/Egypt, 70% W/O Egypt, 64% Some confidence W/Egypt, 25% W/O Egypt, 28% A lot of confidence W/Egypt, 4% W/O Egypt, 7%

68 2008 Views of the US The United States has been actively advocating the spread of democracy in the Middle East, especially since the Iraq War. Do you believe that: I don't believe that democracy is a real American objective 65% This is an important American objective, but the United States is going about it the wrong way 20% This is an important objective of American foreign policy that will make a difference in the Middle East 8%

69 Views of the US, The US has been actively advocating the spread of democracy in the Middle East especially since the Iraq War. Do you believe that: I don't believe that democracy is a real American objective 2006, 65% 2008, 65% This is an important American objective, but the United States is going about it the wrong way 2006, 16% 2008, 20% This is an important objective of American foreign policy that will make a difference in the Middle East 2006, 5% 2008, 8%

70 2008 Views of the US The United States has been actively advocating the spread of democracy in the Middle East, especially since the Iraq War. Do you believe that: I don't believe that democracy is a real American objective W/Egypt, 65% W/O Egypt, 64% This is an important American objective, but the United States is going about it the wrong way W/Egypt, 20% W/O Egypt, 20% This is an important objective of American foreign policy that will make a difference in the Middle East W/Egypt, 8% W/O Egypt, 10%

71 2008 Views of the US Would you say your attitudes toward the US are based more on American values or American policy in the Middle East? Based on American policy 80% Based on American values 12%

72 Views of the US, Would you say your attitudes toward the US are based more on American values or on American policy in the Middle East? Based on American policy 2006, 70% 2008, 80% Based on American values 2006, 11% 2008, 12%

73 2008 Views of the US Would you say your attitudes toward the US are based more on American values or American policy in the Middle East? Based on American policy W/Egypt, 80% W/O Egypt, 82% Based on American values W/Egypt, 12% W/O Egypt, 14%

74 2008 Views of the US Which TWO of the following factors do you believe are most important in driving American policy in the Middle East? Promoting democracy 4% Spreading human rights Promoting peace and stability Fighting terrorism 4% 6% 7% Preventing the spread of nuclear weapons 12% Preserving regional and global dominance Weakening the Muslim World 30% 33% Protecting Israel 47% Controlling oil 50%

75 2008 Views of the US What TWO steps by the US would improve your views of the US most? Total Brokering a Comprehensive Middle East Peace with Israeli withdrawal to the 1967 border and establishing a Palestinian state with Jerusalem as its capitol UAE Withdrawal of US forces from Iraq KSA Withdrawal of US forces from the Arabian Peninsula Morocco Stopping economic and military aid to Israel Lebanon Pushing even more to spread democracy in the Middle East Jordan Egypt Providing more economic assistance to the region

76 2008 Views of the US What TWO steps by the US would improve your views of the US most? Providing more economic assistance to the region W/Egypt, 13% W/O Egypt, 15% Pushing even more to spread democracy in the Middle East W/Egypt, 13% W/O Egypt, 13% Stopping economic and military aid to Israel W/Egypt, 28% W/O Egypt, 26% Brokering a Comprehensive Middle East Peace with Israeli withdrawal to the 1967 border and establishing a Palestinian state with Jerusalem as its capitol W/Egypt, 50% W/O Egypt, 56% Withdrawal of US forces from the Arabian Peninsula W/Egypt, 46% W/O Egypt, 41% Withdrawal of US forces from Iraq W/Egypt, 44% W/O Egypt, 43%

77 2006 Views of the US What TWO steps by the US would improve your views of the US most? Total UAE Brokering a Comprehensive Middle East Peace with Israeli withdrawal to the 1967 border and establishing a Palestinian state with Jerusalem as its capitol Withdrawal of US forces from Iraq KSA Withdrawal of US forces from the Arabian Peninsula Morocco Stopping economic and military aid to Israel Lebanon Jordan Pushing even more to spread democracy in the Middle East Egypt Providing more economic assistance to the region

78 2008 US Domestic Politics The American People are in the midst of choosing the next President of the US. Which of the following candidates do you believe has the best chance of advancing peace in the Middle East? John McCain 4% Hillary Clinton 13% Barack Obama 18% I am not following the American elections 20% Policy will be the same no matter who becomes the next president 32%

79 Global Powers and Leaders 2008 Arab Public Opinion Poll

80 Pakistan 2008 Global Powers In a world where there is only one superpower, which of the following countries would you prefer more than the others to be that superpower? 6% Britain 7% Russia 7% United States 8% China 13% Germany 13% France 24%

81 Pakistan Global Powers, In a world where there is only one superpower, which of the following countries would you prefer more than the others to be that superpower? 2006, 14% 2008, 6% Britain 2006, 4% 2008, 7% Russia 2006, 7% 2008, 7% United States 2006, 8% 2008, 8% China 2006, 16% 2008, 13% Germany 2006, 10% 2008, 13% France 2006, 19% 2008, 24%

82 Pakistan 2008 Global Powers In a world where there is only one superpower, which of the following countries would you prefer more than the others to be that superpower? W/Egypt, 6% W/O Egypt, 10% Britain W/Egypt, 7% W/O Egypt, 9% Russia W/Egypt, 7% W/O Egypt, 7% United States W/Egypt, 8% W/O Egypt, 8% China W/Egypt, 13% W/O Egypt, 15% Germany W/Egypt, 13% W/O Egypt, 9% France W/Egypt, 24% W/O Egypt, 33%

83 2008 Global Powers If you had to live in one of the following countries, which one would you prefer most? Pakistan 3% Russia 3% United States 7% China 8% Britain 9% Germany 19% France 39%

84 Global Powers, If you had to live in one of the following countries, which one would you prefer most? Pakistan 2006, 6% 2008, 3% Russia 2006, 4% 2008, 3% United States 2006, 9% 2008, 7% China 2006, 7% 2008, 8% Britain 2006, 9% 2008, 9% Germany 2006, 19% 2008, 19% France 2006, 33% 2008, 39%

85 2008 Global Powers If you had to live in one of the following countries, which one would you prefer most? Pakistan W/Egypt, 3% W/O Egypt, 6% Russia W/Egypt, 3% W/O Egypt, 3% United States W/Egypt, 7% W/O Egypt, 7% China W/Egypt, 8% W/O Egypt, 5% Britain W/Egypt, 9% W/O Egypt, 10% Germany W/Egypt, 19% W/O Egypt, 19% France W/Egypt, 39% W/O Egypt, 48%

86 2008 Global Powers If a member of your family had to study in one of the following countries, which country would you prefer? Pakistan 2% Russia 3% China 4% United States 11% Britain 12% Germany 22% France 36%

87 Global Powers, If a member of your family had to study in one of the following countries which country would you prefer? Pakistan 2006, 4% 2008, 2% Russia 2006, 3% 2008, 3% China 2006, 4% 2008, 4% United States 2006, 12% 2008, 11% Britain 2006, 12% 2008, 12% Germany 2006, 20% 2008, 22% France 2006, 35% 2008, 36%

88 2008 Global Powers If a member of your family had to study in one of the following countries, which country would you prefer? Pakistan W/Egypt, 2% W/O Egypt, 3% China W/Egypt, 4% W/O Egypt, 4% Russia W/Egypt, 3% W/O Egypt, 4% United States W/Egypt, 11% W/O Egypt, 11% Britain W/Egypt, 12% W/O Egypt, 14% Germany W/Egypt, 22% W/O Egypt, 20% France W/Egypt, 36% W/O Egypt, 41%

89 2008 Global Powers Name TWO countries that you think pose the biggest threat to you: Syria 1% China 2% UK 4% Iran 7% US 88% Israel 95%

90 Global Powers, Name TWO countries that you think pose the biggest threat to you: Iran 2006, 11% 2008, 7% US 2006, 72% 2008, 88% Israel 2006, 85% 2008, 95%

91 2008 Global Powers Name TWO countries that you think pose the biggest threat to you: Syria W/Egypt, 1% W/O Egypt, 2% China W/Egypt, 2% W/O Egypt, 1% UK W/Egypt, 4% W/O Egypt, 5% Iran W/Egypt, 7% W/O Egypt, 11% US W/Egypt, 88% W/O Egypt, 84% Israel W/Egypt, 95% W/O Egypt, 95%

92 2008 Global Powers Name TWO countries where you think there is the most freedom and democracy for their own people: UK 11% Japan 11% US 17% Switzerland 18% Germany 26% France 42%

93 Global Powers, Name TWO countries where you think there is the most freedom and democracy for their own people: UK 2006, 12% 2008, 11% US 2006, 14% 2008, 17% Germany 2006, 22% 2008, 26% France 2006, 36% 2008, 42%

94 2008 Global Powers Name TWO countries where you think there is the most freedom and democracy for their own people: UK W/Egypt, 11% W/O Egypt, 10% Japan W/Egypt, 11% W/O Egypt, 10% US W/Egypt, 17% W/O Egypt, 10% Switzerland W/Egypt, 18% W/O Egypt, 21% Germany W/Egypt, 26% W/O Egypt, 24% France W/Egypt, 42% W/O Egypt, 45%

95 2008 Global Leaders Please tell me which world leader (outside your own country) you admire most? Hugo Chavez 4% Sheikh Muhammad bin Rashid 6% Osama bin Laden 6% Mohmar Qadaffi 6% Nicolas Sarkozy 6% Mahmoud Ahmadinijad 10% Bashar Al Assad 16% Hassan Nasrallah 26%

96 2008 Global Leaders Please tell me which world leader (outside your own country) you admire most? (Combined first and second choice) Saddam Hussein 13% Osama bin Laden Sheikh Muhammad bin Zayed Sheikh Muhammad bin Rashid Mahmoud Ahmadinijad 14% 15% 16% 17% Bashar Al Assad 18% Jacques Chirac 20% Hassan Nasrallah 27%

97 Global Leaders, Please tell me which world leader (outside your own country) you admire most? Mohmar Qadaffi 2006, 2% 2008, 6% Hugo Chavez 2006, 4% 2008, 4% Osama bin Laden 2006, 4% 2008, 6% Mahmoud Ahmadinijad 2006, 4% 2008, 10% Bashar Al Assad 2006, 2% 2008, 16% Hassan Nasrallah 2006, 14% 2008, 26%

98 Media Viewership 2008 Arab Public Opinion Poll

99 2008 Media Viewership When you watch international news, which of the following network's news broadcasts do you watch most often? Morocco TV, 2% Al Manar, 2% LBC, 3% MBC, 7% Other, 2% Al Hurra, 2% NS, 1% Abu Dhabi TV, 1% Suzana TV, 1% Al Arabiya, 9% Al Jazeera, 53% An Egyptian Network, 17%

100 2008 Media Viewership WITHOUT Egypt When you watch international news, which of the following network's news broadcasts do you watch most often? A Syrian Network, 1% Other, 4% Al Manar, 4% Al Hurra, 2% Suzana TV, 3% NS, 1% An Egyptian Network, 1% Abu Dhabi TV, 1% LBC, 4% Morocco TV, 5% Al Jazeera, 49% MBC, 12% Al Arabiya, 13%

101 2008 Media Viewership Egypt Only When you watch international news, which of the following network's news broadcasts do you watch most often? Al Arabiya, 6% Al Hurra, 1% Al Manar, 1% LBC, 1% MBC, 3% An Egyptian Network, 31% Al Jazeera, 55%

102 2008 Media Viewership Jordan Only When you watch international news, which of the following network's news broadcasts do you watch most often? Abu Dhabi TV, 5% MBC, 1% LBC, 3% Al Hurra, 15% Al Jazeera, 46% Al Arabiya, 31%

103 2008 Media Viewership Lebanon Only When you watch international news, which of the following network's news broadcasts do you watch most often? Al Arabiya, 8% Abu Dhabi TV, 1% Al Hurra, 5% Al Jazeera, 13% LBC, 16% Al Manar, 38% Other, 19%

104 2008 Media Viewership Morocco Only When you watch international news, which of the following network's news broadcasts do you watch most often? Suzana TV, 6% A Syrian Network, 1% An Egyptian Network, 1% LBC, 4% Al Hurra, 1% Al Manar, 1% Al Arabiya, 3% Morocco TV, 9% MBC, 12% Al Jazeera, 59%

105 2008 Media Viewership KSA Only When you watch international news, which of the following network's news broadcasts do you watch most often? Other, 9% Al Hurra, 1% Abu Dhabi TV, 1% Al Manar, 1% LBC, 1% Al Jazeera, 40% MBC, 21% Al Arabiya, 26%

106 2008 Media Viewership UAE Only When you watch international news, which of the following network's news broadcasts do you watch most often? Abu Dhabi TV, 9% Al Hurra, 4% Other, 3% A Syrian Network, 5% Al Jazeera, 32% Al Manar, 13% LBC, 7% MBC, 12% Al Arabiya, 11% An Egyptian Network, 4%

107 2008 Media Viewership Aggregate Respondents who watched the following networks "daily" or "5 or 6 times a week" A Syrian Network 2% Abu Dhabi TV 5% Al Manar 5% Al Hurra 9% LBC 14% MBC 23% Al Arabiya 25% An Egyptian Network 29% Al Jazeera 60%

108 Changes in Media Viewership, When you watch international news, which of the following network's news broadcasts do you watch most often? Al Hurra Abu Dhabi TV Al Manar LBC MBC Al Arabiya An Egyptian Network 2006, 1% 2008, 2% 2006, 2% 2008, 1% 2006, 3% 2008, 2% 2006, 3% 2008, 3% 2006, 11% 2008, 7% 2006, 5% 2008, 9% 2006, 12% 2008, 17% Al Jazeera 2006, 54% 2008, 53%

109 2008 Media Viewership When you compare the content and programs on Al Jazeera TV in the past year with previous years, which of the following would be closest to your view? There has been no noticeable change 23% The content and programs have improved in quality 45% The content and programs have declined in quality 9%

110 2008 Media Viewership When you compare the content and programs on Al Arabiya TV in the past year with previous years, which of the following would be closest to your view? There has been no noticeable change 25% The content and programs have improved in quality 27% The content and programs have declined in quality 5%