WESTWARD EXPANSION II. The Expansion

Transcription

1 WESTWARD EXPANSION II The Expansion

2 GOALS: WHAT I NEED TO KNOW How did the Louisiana Purchase, Texas, the Alamo, the Oregon Trail, California Gold Rush, and development of mining towns help Westward Expansion of America? Explain the issues that caused the War of How did the War of 1812 affect Americans, and how they felt about their country?

3 EXPLAIN THE ISSUES THAT CAUSED THE WAR OF Economic hardship of America due to the European wars between France and England England s thought that they could seize American ships and sailors (impressments) America s anger that British soldiers still occupied American soil

4 HOW DID THE WAR OF 1812 AFFECT AMERICANS, AND HOW THEY FELT ABOUT THEIR COUNTRY? War of 1812 no clear winner America s feeling of nationalism Pride that they again held their own against the super powerful England World recognition that America could hold off England (again) Other: Burning of White House Battle of Fort McHenry in Baltimore, MD inspired Francis Scott Key to write The Star Spangled Banner

5 HOW DID THE US GROW IN TERRITORY? Cumberland Gap & Wilderness Road Helped encourage settlement of Kentucky and Northwest area Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, & Wisconsin Northwest Ordinance Issue of slave vs free Encourage areas to settle and apply for statehood Louisiana Purchase Wanted port of New Orleans, ended up with 800,000 sq miles of territory

6 HOW DID THE US GROW IN TERRITORY? Florida Adams-Onis Treaty Texas Was settled (colonized) by lots of Americans Became an independent nation from Mexico Battle at the Alamo Sam Houston and Texas army fought off General Santa Anna in San Jacinto Their cry was Remember the Alamo

7 HOW DID THE US GROW IN TERRITORY? Lewis and Clark Charted the land northern part of the US, proved their was a way to the Pacific Zebulon Pike Charted the southwestern part of North America - lands that belonged to Spain / Mexico

8 ISSUES: Slavery Missouri Compromise Division of North vs South due to Slavery Slave states are being added with Free states to balance the power Slavery is introduced into the new territory Native Americans Tribal lands are being taken away Tribes are forcibly being moved into the west Trail of Tears Entire tribes are being killed

9 TIME LINE 1838: Trail of Tears 1841: William Harrison, President 1841: John Tyler, President ~~ 1842: Manifest Destiny California, Santa Fe, Oregon, Mormon, Pony Express Trail 1845: Florida joins 1845: James Polk, President 1845: Texas joins 1846: War with Mexico 1846: Iowa joins 1848: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo end of war with Mexico 1848: Wisconsin joins 1848: Gold discovered at Sutter s Mill 1849: Gold Rush to CA 1849: Zachary Taylor, President 1850: Millard Fillmore, President 1850: California joins 1850: Fugitive Slave Act 1853: Franklin Pierce, President 1857: James Buchanan, President 1858: Minnesota joins 1859: Oregon joins 1860: Southern state begin to secede from the Union 1861: Abraham Lincoln, President

10 Source: Mr. McIntyre US TERRITORIAL EXPANSION When? 1845 From Where? E - Texas Republic of Texas (Independent Country) Why? Texas independent from Mexico in 1836 C B A Northerners feared it would become a slave state E D

11 Source: Mr. McIntyre US TERRITORIAL EXPANSION When? 1846 From Where? Great Britain F - Oregon Territory Why? Claimed by four countries (G. Britain, Russia, Spain, & US) F C B A Americans and Britain negotiate a border E D

12 OREGON TERRITORY US and England shared the Oregon Territory Spain and Russia claimed part of the area too Good trapping, fishing, and other economic opportunities Americans were moving into the area President Polk wanted to settle the matter and claim the land for America Gearing up for another war Treaty of 1846: agrees division of this territory

13

14 WAR WITH MEXICO Tension between two countries Mexico s government is not stable since their independence from Spain Mexico is mad about US annexation of Texas Mexico is mad about US soldier stationed near the border near mouth of Rio Grande river Americans keep traveling into Mexico territory Mexico attacks American troops along the border US declares war in 1846 Peace treaty is signed in 1848 at Guadalupe Hidalgo Mexico finally gives up Texas and the entire Southwest territory

15

16 US TERRITORIAL EXPANSION When? 1848 From Where? Mexico G - Mexican Cession Why? Polk offers to buy area from Mexico & they refuse War! US wins F G C B A In Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, US offers $15 million for land E D Source: Mr. McIntyre

17 MANIFEST DESTINY During this time, Americans had a belief that it was their God given right, mission, and purpose to go out and conquer the western lands Populate the unpopulated Western land was populated by Native Americans & Mexicans ( White settles viewed this to be unoccupied) Get to the west before other countries for this land (Mexico southwest, Britain northwest) Americans believed that the United States was destined to stretch from sea to sea Source:

18 MANIFEST DESTINY Newspaper editor John O Sullivan gave a name to that belief Our manifest destiny is to overspread and possess the whole of the continent which Providence (God) has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and self government John O Sullivan, 1845 Source:

19 Manifest Destiny, chromolithograph print, c. 1873, after an 1872 painting of the same title by John Gast. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (digital id: ppmsca 09855)

20 WHY MOVE WEST? It was crowded in the East Economic Opportunities Trappers, Mountain Men Religious Freedom Mormons Discrimination Immigrants Forced migration Native Americans Because the US has the land? Land means independent means to feed one s family Free and cheap land Squatting Manifest Destiny

21 WHY PEOPLE TRAVELED WEST New Mexico Types of people who traveled there Farmers and traders Why they went there Land or profit Utah Mormons Religious freedom Oregon Texas Farmers and traders Farmers and ranchers Land or profit Land Key events that brought the territory into the US War with Mexico War with Mexico Agreement with Britain Texas Revolution California Miners and traders Land or profit War with Mexico Gold is found Sources: (Mrs. Zaks)

22 THE TRAILS Pictures from:

23 TRAIL BLAZING SANTÉ FE Mexico s Independence from Spain, Texas, and war with Mexico all provided opportunities Lands around Texas was great for cattle ranching Trail ended at the Rio Grand river - rivers mean easy transportation of goods Goods transported between Santé Fe and Missouri Map from: "Sante Fe National Historic Trail Map" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved

24 TRAIL BLAZING SANTÉ FE Mexico s Independence from Spain, Texas, and war with Mexico all provided opportunities Lands around Texas was great for cattle ranching Trail ended at the Rio Grand river - rivers mean easy transportation of goods Goods transported between Santé Fe and Missouri Map from: "Sante Fe National Historic Trail Map" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved

25 TRAIL BLAZING MORMON TREK Mormons had specific religious beliefs that their neighbors did not like Community property More than one wife Mob kills Mormon leader, in 1844, their new leader takes the group and settles around Salt Lake City, Utah Sources: (Mrs. Zaks)

26 TRAIL BLAZING MORMON TREK Mormons had specific religious beliefs that their neighbors did not like Community property More than one wife Mob kills Mormon leader, in 1844, their new leader takes the group and settles around Salt Lake City, Utah Sources: (Mrs. Zaks)

27 TRAIL BLAZING OREGON TRAIL & (CALIFORNIA TRAIL) These trails are used to travel out west; the route is one of VERY few practical ways to cross the rough terrain (desert & Rocky Mountains) From 1841 to 1866 anywhere from 250,000 to 650,000 made their way out west Families traveled in covered wagons (Conestogas wagon or Prairie Schooners) Oxen were most often used easier to feed All the supplies they needed not a lot of stores on the trail Took about 3 6 months

28 TRAIL BLAZING OREGON TRAIL & (CALIFORNIA TRAIL) These trails are used to travel out west; the route is one of VERY few practical ways to cross the rough terrain (desert & Rocky Mountains) From 1841 to 1866 anywhere from 250,000 to 650,000 made their way out west Families traveled in covered wagons (Conestogas wagon or Prairie Schooners) Oxen were most often used easier to feed All the supplies they needed not a lot of stores on the trail Took about 3 6 months

29 TRAILS - WAGONS Pictures from:

30 TRAIL HARDSHIPS All supplies taken with them Native Americans Some hostile Many helpful ROUGH terrain: Flooded rivers No stores, doctors, etc. Accidents Illness, contaminated water Last 400 miles the hardest Rough river Tired people and animals Low on supplies

31 The Oregon Trail as it appeared in Source:

32 Source: The Oregon Trail near Boise, ID, as it appears today.

33 TRAILS BRING CIVILIZATION As more people went west, others built towns on the trails Government built forts to provide supplies and protection Later, railroad is built

34 TIME LINE 1838: Trail of Tears 1841: William Harrison, President 1841: John Tyler, President ~~ 1842: Manifest Destiny California, Santa Fe, Oregon, Mormon, Pony Express Trail 1845: Florida joins 1845: James Polk, President 1845: Texas joins 1846: War with Mexico 1846: Iowa joins 1848: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo end of war with Mexico 1848: Wisconsin joins 1848: Gold discovered at Sutter s Mill 1849: Gold Rush to CA 1849: Zachary Taylor, President 1850: Millard Fillmore, President 1850: California joins 1850: Fugitive Slave Act 1853: Franklin Pierce, President 1857: James Buchanan, President 1858: Minnesota joins 1859: Oregon joins 1860: Southern state begin to secede from the Union 1861: Abraham Lincoln, President

35 CALIFORNIA CA was populated by 150,000 Native Americans and ,000 of Spanish or Mexican descent Several missions along the coast left over from Spanish settlements John Sutter, Swiss immigrant, had a dream to be the biggest farmer and cattle rancher. Granted from Mexico s government 50,000 acres in the Sacramento Valley set up his farm near a small no nothing town, San Francisco. Sent his men up to the mountains nearby to cut down trees, and set up a mill to help build his empire

36 SUTTER S MILL Manager, James Marshall finds gold San Francisco merchant, Sam Brannnan, runs through the streets announcing the finding of gold It ends up being acknowledged by the President too Sam Brannan begins to buy all the prospecting equipment he can find John Sutter in despair that his plans are ruined - he never truly looked for gold

37 GOLD RUSH EVERYONE rushes to CA to look for gold Estimated 250,000 people arrive Forty-Niners: in 1849, everyone runs to CA Americans: New Englanders Europeans, Chinese, even Australians Three Ways to get here Over land many do not survive the journey 3,000 miles and takes about 3 to 7 months Boat 5 to 6 months to on ship 17,000 miles and takes about 4 to 8 months Combo boat to Panama, then over land, then by boat, if lucky 7,000 miles and takes about 2 to 4 months Sources:

38 GOLD RUSH EVERYONE rushes to CA to look for gold Estimated 250,000 people arrive Forty-Niners: in 1849, everyone runs to CA Americans: New Englanders Europeans, Chinese, even Australians Three Ways to get here Over land many do not survive the journey 3,000 miles and takes about 3 to 7 months Boat 5 to 6 months to on ship 17,000 miles and takes about 4 to 8 months Combo boat to Panama, then over land, then by boat, if lucky 7,000 miles and takes about 2 to 4 months Sources:

39 Sources:

40 $$$$$$ GOLD RUSH Gold made some rich Wrecked the environment with techniques Other found a living in selling to the miners Lodging, food, supplies Other find a life taking advantage of miners San Francisco turned into an incredible booming port town overnight Towns began to spring up along the trail to provide services to the miners Wherever gold was found, a camp would be established and then a town Mad Mule, Gulch, Hang town, etc

41 GOLD RUSH IMPACT Lots of people settled California, it became a state in 1850, joined as a Free state imbalance of slave state vs free Huge economic growth in the region, especially San Francisco Sacramento region began to become a farming region Mining camps turned into towns Towns began to spring up along the trail People: Discrimination of immigrants and natives Original CA natives from Spanish and Mexican descent Native Americans were pushed off their land, or their land was ruined for sustaining their lifestyle Settlers brought new diseases Lots of Chinese immigrants had arrived

42 BOOM TOWNS AND GHOST TOWNS Everywhere people traveled, they had needs: Food Supplies Mining ; Merchants Services Laundry; Boarding houses; Entertainment; cooks Towns sprung up everywhere - Boomtowns After the resources were used, people left to find the bigger and better economic opportunities Ghost towns

43 CONCEPTS & EVENTS TO KNOW Territory Acquisition Louisiana Purchase Texas & The Alamo Northwest Ordinance: New States Oregon Territory Westward Expansion Manifest Destiny War of 1812 Star Spangled Banner California Gold Rush Trails Wilderness Road Cumberland Gap Oregon Trail Trail of Tears Expeditions Lewis & Clark Zebulon Pike