Social Studies Chapter 11 Study Guide. People/Places/Terms to Know

Transcription

1 Social Studies Chapter 11 Study Guide Essays electoral college inauguration Cabinet political party first 2 political parties Pierre L Enfant Benjamin Banneker Abigail Adams George Washington Thomas Jefferson pioneers frontier Daniel Boone Wilderness Road Cumberland Gap James Monroe Louisiana Purchase Meriwether Lewis William Clark Sacagawea People/Places/Terms to Know St. Louis, MO First 3 states to join after the colonies Population Density Map neutral Tecumseh Battle of Tippecanoe James Madison War Hawks Henry Clay War of 1812 Old Ironsides Oliver Hazard Perry Baltimore, MD Fort McHenry Francis Scott Key national anthem Andrew Jackson Battle of New Orleans Battle of Thames 1. What were the two major political parties? Who were some of their first leaders? What did each party believe in? (3 sentences) 2. What was Thomas Jefferson s belief about government? What actions did he do as president to show this belief? (3 sentences) 3. What were the goals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition? Which of the goals were accomplished? (4 sentences) 4. Why did War Hawks want to go to war with Great Britain? (3 sentences) 5. How did the Americans come to gain all of the Louisiana Territory? (4 sentences) 6. What caused the Americans to go to war with Britain again? (3 sentences)

2 Ch 11 Lesson 1 Washington as President I. President Washington Takes Office a. Electoral College i. made up of people chosen from each state to vote for pres/vice ii. voted for Washington unanimously iii. only person voted unanimously b. John Adams as vice c. Inauguration i. New York City ii. took oath on Bible d. Departments of Executive Branch i. State Department 1. deals with foreign affairs 2. Thomas Jefferson as 1 st Secretary of State ii. Department of the Treasury 1. handles money matters 2. Alexander Hamilton as 1 st Secretary of Treasury iii. Heads known as cabinet heads e. Cabinet and departments not set up in Constitution II. Political Parties are Born a. Federalists i. led by Alexander Hamilton ii. favored strong government helping 1. encourage growth of cities, trade, factories 2. create a national bank b. Democratic-Republicans i. led by Thomas Jefferson ii. favored weaker, less active federal government c. Parties formed to have their members elected to office d. Washington warned against parties III. A New City a. District of Columbia i. 10 square mile area ii. along the coast of Potomac River iii. renamed Washington, D.C. after Washington s death in 1799 b. Designers i. Pierre L Enfant 1. A French artist and engineer 2. original designer ii. Benjamin Banneker 1. son of a freed slave

3 2. took over when L Enfant quit IV. Living in the President s House a. John Adams is 1 st to live in what will be called White House b. not finished when they moved in Ch 11 Lesson 2 Jefferson Looks West I. Jefferson Wins Election of 1800 a. Life i. good writer ii. skilled violinist iii. life-long learner iv. talented architect b. Beliefs i. reduced the size of government ii. reduced the armed forces iii. give the power of government to the people II. A Nation Moving West a. Pioneers i. people moving west of Appalachian Mts. ii. looked for more space and fertile land b. Daniel Boone i. famous pioneer ii. created Wilderness Road through Cumberland Gap III. The Louisiana Purchase a. New Orleans i. port under Spanish control in 1802 ii. Spain closes port to Americans iii. Jefferson wants to buy iv. France takes possession in 1803 b. Purchase i. James Monroe sent to buy from France ii. offered $2 Million for New Orleans iii. Napoleon sells whole territory for $15 Million 1. did not want to originally sell 2. needed money for fighting British iv. doubled size of nation IV. Lewis and Clark a. Jefferson sends expedition to explore new territory b. Meriwether Lewis i. army captain ii. chose William Clark, fellow captain for expedition

4 c. Goals of Expedition i. search for water route to Pacific Ocean ii. establish good relationships with Native Americans iii. study and record information about land, plants, and animals d. Expedition i. left St. Louis, MO in 1804 ii. took hunters, boatmen, etc. iii. Sacagawea 1. hired with her husband to translate for group 2. carried baby on her back as sign of peace to others iv. reached Pacific in 1805 v. returned to St. Louis in 1806 vi. found no water route, but mapped many lands V. A Growing Nation a. population booms from b. grows from 2.5 million to 7 million c. New States join union i. Vermont, Kentucky, Tennessee are next three ii. Northwest Territory states join soon after iii. Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama join after Ch 11 Lesson 3 Another War With Britain I. Moving Toward War a. On the Seas i. France and Britain at war ii. Both stopping and seizing American goods on the water iii. Britain claiming sailors as deserters iv. Jefferson remains neutral b. With the Natives i. Tecumseh 1. Shawnee leader 2. helped unite tribes once living in NW territory ii. British support Tecumseh iii. Battle of Tippecanoe 1. American victory 2. surprised natives 3. weakened Tecumseh s power II. The War of 1812 a. Lead up to War i. James Madison elected president in 1809 ii. Madison wants peace

5 iii. War Hawks 1. group in Congress pushing for war against Britain 2. led by Henry Clay iv. Reasons War Hawks push for War 1. Allow for continued trade across the Atlantic 2. Hoped to end British-supported attacks against settlers in NW frontier 3. Wanted to push Britain out of Canada v. Congress declares war in 1812 b. The War of 1812 i. remembered for sea battles ii. Constitution nicknamed Old Ironsides because it was a tough ship iii. Oliver Hazard Perry fights on Great Lakes and wins iv. Low Point 1. Britain takes Washington DC in Aug Burn Capitol and White House v. British march to Baltimore, MD vi. Fort McHenry on harbor defends Baltimore vii. Setting for The Star Spangled Banner III. Battle of New Orleans a. Andrew Jackson leads American forces b. Americans win, but for no purpose c. treaty signed 2 weeks prior d. Americans win war showing they will defend themselves against attacks Ch 11 Lesson 4 The United States Turns Fifty I. The Monroe Doctrine a. Monroe presidency i. nationalism 1. idea that people should all pull together with a sense of strong pride for their country 2. America as one great family with a common interest ii. Era of Good Feelings 1. label of time from a Boston newspaper 2. described how arguments between parties decreased in politics iii. Florida 1. Seminole attacking settlers in GA 2. Andrew Jackson attacks Spanish in FL seizing 2 forts 3. Spain sells FL for $5 million b. Monroe Doctrine i. warned European countries against interfering in the Western Hemisphere ii. wanted to keep out nations from colonizing areas in North and South America

6 iii. shows strength of US stating it will defend itself II. The People s President a. Election of 1828 i. Changes before the election 1. population growing to the west 2. suffrage for all white men, not just property owners ii. Candidates 1. Andrew Jackson Democrat a. born into poor family b. war hero c. urged all to vote, especially common man 2. John Quincy Adams National Republicans a. son of John Adams b. wealthy man 3. both parties claimed beliefs of Thomas Jefferson b. Jackson wins election in landslide i. swept western and southern states ii supporters show up for inauguration III. American Indian Removal a. Indian Removal Act i. gave president power to move Native Americans to Indian territory ii. passed in 1830 upon from push of Jackson b. Resistance to the Act i. Seminole fights Americans and loses ii. Cherokee 1. 1 st tribe with written language 2. developed by Sequoyah 3. takes US to Supreme court 4. led by John Ross, a Cherokee leader 5. Chief Justice John Marshall rules in favor of Cherokees 6. Pres. Jackson does not support ruling and will not enforce it IV. The Trail of Tears a. Pres. Martin van Buren orders soldiers to move Cherokee in 1838 b. 800 mile journey known as Trail of Tears c. almost ¼ of Cherokee who started journey died on the way Ch 11 Lesson 5 A New Kind of Revolution I. The Industrial Revolution a. Begins in Britain in middle 1700s b. Samuel Slater i. worked in British cloth factory

7 ii. memorized plans for a mill iii. built first mill in Pawtucket, RI in 1790 c. Francis Cabot Lowell i. brought all stages of cloth making together in one factory 1. spinning thread 2. weaving cloth 3. dyeing cloth ii. built factory in Lowell, MA 1. river ran through the town 2. plentiful labor of young farm girls nearby II. Inventions Change Factories and Farms a. Eli Whitney i. invented cotton gin 1. cleaned cotton seeds from fiber 2. cleaned 50 times as much cotton a day as a person ii. increased production of cotton iii. expanded the plantations to meet supply iv. more slaves needed to work the farms b. Cyrus McCormick i. built mechanical reaper ii. improved wheat harvests c. John Deere i. developed plow made of steel instead of iron ii. improved plowing through tough soil III. Moving Goods and People a. National Road i. Cumberland, VA to Vandalia, IL ii. settlers move west iii. goods, products, and livestock move east to markets iv. road conditions still poor b. Robert Fulton i. developed steamboat ii. improved travel upriver by time and amount being carried c. Erie Canal i. built between 1817 and 1825 ii. connected Great Lakes and Atlantic Ocean iii. connected east and west easily IV. Early Railroads a. Original Railroads i. wooden rails topped with iron ii. horses could pull carts b. Peter Cooper

8 i. built steam-powered locomotive 1. weighed only 1 ton 2. named Tom Thumb ii. advertised race between horse and Tom Thumb iii. horse wins, but only after engine breaks down c. by 1840, US has 3000 miles of tracks laid, doubling that of Europe