The Hellenistic Period

Transcription

1 The Hellenistic Period Historical Sources in Translation Edited by Roger S. Bagnall and Peter Derow New edition Previous edition published as Greek Historical Documents: The Hellenistic Period

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3 The Hellenistic Period

4 Blackwell Sourcebooks in Ancient History This series presents readers with new translations of the raw material of ancient history. It provides direct access to the ancient world, from wars and power politics to daily life and entertainment, allowing readers to discover the extraordinary diversity of ancient societies. Published Alexander the Great Waldemar Heckel and John Yardley The Hellenistic Period Roger S. Bagnall and Peter Derow In Preparation The Ancient Near East Mark Chavalas Bread and Circuses Alison Futrell

5 The Hellenistic Period Historical Sources in Translation Edited by Roger S. Bagnall and Peter Derow New edition Previous edition published as Greek Historical Documents: The Hellenistic Period

6 1981, 2004 by Roger S. Bagnall and Peter Derow 350 Main Street, Malden, MA , USA 108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of Roger S. Bagnall and Peter Derow to be identified as the Authors of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. First edition published 1981 by Scholars Press under the title Greek Historical Documents: The Hellenistic Period. Second edition published 2004 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Hellenistic Period : historical sources in translation / edited by Roger S. Bagnall and Peter Derow. p. cm. (Blackwell sourcebooks in ancient history ; 1) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN (alk. paper) ISBN (alk. paper) 1. Mediterranean Region History To 476 Sources. 2. Greece History Macedonian Hegemony, B.C. Sources. 3. Greece History B.C. Sources. 4. Hellenism Sources. I. Bagnall, Roger S. II. Derow, Peter. III. Series. DE86.H dc A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library. Set in Stone Serif 10/12.5 by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong Printed and bound in the United Kingdom by TJ International Ltd., Padstow, Cornwall For further information on Blackwell Publishing, visit our website:

7 To the memory of C. Bradford Welles

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9 Contents Table of Documents List of Illustrations Preface Note on Editorial Practice Abbreviations Note on Reading Documents ix xv xvii xxi xxii xxiv The Texts 1 I Political History 1 II The Foreign Possessions of the Ptolemies 111 III Life in Greek Cities 119 IV The Bureaucracy of Ptolemaic Egypt 144 V The Royal Economy of Egypt 163 VI The Military and Police of Ptolemaic Egypt 199 VII The Ptolemaic Legal and Judicial System 206 VIII Social Relations and Private Life 229 IX Religion 247 Appendix: Ptolemaic Administration 285 Tables and Charts 289 I Ptolemaic Kings 289 II Seleucid Kings to 96 BC 290 III Antigonid Kings 290 IV Attalid Rulers 291 V Months 291 VI Currency 292

10 viii CONTENTS Glossary and Index of Greek Terms 293 Concordance: Papyri 301 Concordance: Inscriptions 305 Concordance between Editions 309 Index of Persons, Places and Subjects 311

11 Table of Documents I Political History 1 A Alexander the Great ( ) 1 1 Priene Honours Antigonus Letter of Alexander to the Chians Cyrene Supplies Grain to the Greeks Restoration of Exiles to Tegea Restoration of Exiles to Mytilene B The Successors of Alexander ( ) 8 6 Antigonus and Skepsis Two Letters of Antigonus to Teos The Hellenic League of Ephesos Recovers from War after The Ionian League Honours Hippostratos of Miletos 289/ Lysimachus and Priene c Letter of Lysimachus to Samos 283/ Athens Honours Philippides 283/ Knidian Loans to Miletos 283/ Letter of Seleucus I and his Son to an Official Ilion and Antiochus I Kos Gives Thanks for Defeat of the Gauls C The Period of Stability ( ) Gift of Land by Antiochus I c Chremonides Decree 265/ Antiochus I and the Ionian League Ptolemy II and Miletos c Letter of Antiochus II to Erythrai after 261 (?) Eumenes I and his Mercenaries Berenike s Journey to Syria

12 x TABLE OF DOCUMENTS 25 Correspondence about a Sale of Land by Antiochus II 254/ Ptolemy III Euergetes: the Adoulis Inscription c Report on the Third Syrian War c Delphi, Smyrna and Seleucus II 242 (?) Magnesia, Smyrna and Seleucus II after 242 (?) Decree of the Achaean League c D The Period of Roman Intervention ( ) Pharos and Rome after 219 (?) Philip V and Larisa Alliance Between Rome and the Aetolian League Enslavement During a Native Revolt Lampsakos, Massilia and Rome 197/ Letter of Flamininus to Chyretiai Statue of Flamininus at Gytheion Eumenes II and the War Against Nabis M. Valerius Messalla Writes to the Teans The Scipios Write to Herakleia-by-Latmos Letter of C. Livius Salinator to Delphi 189/ An Honorary Decree from Chios c E The Struggle for the Survival of Hellenism (189 30) A Letter of Eumenes after Rome and Perseus 172/ Decree of the Senate on the Affairs of Thisbe Dispatch from the Front in the Civil War of 169/8 c.169/ Eumenes II and the Ionian League 167/ Chalkis Honours Ariston of Soloi Alliance Between Maroneia and Rome Eumenes II, Attalus II and the Gauls c Will of Ptolemy the Younger Letter of Q. Fabius Maximus to Dyme 144/ Letter from Esthladas to his Parents Decree of Amnesty and Regulation Letter of King Antiochus to King Ptolemy Decree for Diophantos, Strategos of King Mithridates VI c Chaeremon of Nysa, Mithridates and Rome 88 and following Correspondence of Platon Cn. Pompeius Magnus c Report on Disturbance in the Country probably Disturbance in the Province of Asia probably 51/ An Egyptian View of Rabirius Postumus after 55/ Cleopatra s Golden Handcuffs for a Roman

13 TABLE OF DOCUMENTS xi II The Foreign Possessions of the Ptolemies Ordinances about Registration Letters of Toubias Letter of Apollonios about Grain Memorandum to Zenon 258/ Affairs in Kalynda Visit of a Roman Senator III Life in Greek Cities Mausolus and Cretan Knossos 350s Isopolity between Pergamon and Temnos early third century Praxikles Loan to Arkesine late fourth early third century The Delians Honour Philokles, King of the Sidonians c Athens Honours Herakleides of Cyprian Salamis 325/ A Samian Grain Law second century Decree for Boulagoras of Samos c Polythroos Provides for Education at Teos second century Decree and Gymnasiarchic Law of Beroia Ilion Honours Physician of Antiochus I / Eumenes I and Pergamon c The Thessalian League Sends Grain to Rome 129 (?) Coinage Decree of the Delphic Amphictyons IV The Bureaucracy of Ptolemaic Egypt Appointment of a Komogrammateus Oath of Office Letter of Marres to Menches c Account of a Postal Station c Announcement of a Government Auction c Avoiding a Liturgy Letter to Zenon from Kaunians Seeking Help Letter to Zenon about Petitioner Zenon Petitions the King c Petition about Assessment The Bureaucrats Open a Sluice-Gate Official Correspondence: Don t Move the Hives; Send Calves Declaration of House-property Letter about Collection of Taxes Letter about Protection of Tax-farmer

14 xii TABLE OF DOCUMENTS 98 A Komarch s Extortion Racket Receipt for Medical and Police Taxes Letter to Zenon about Wax Tax-farmer s Petition for Relief V The Royal Economy of Egypt Letter to Apollonios about Reminting Coins Instructions of the Dioiketes to an Oikonomos late third century Hard and Soft Stone for Irrigation Works Plans for Reclamation Work Correspondence about the Sowing Schedule Receipt for Seed Grain Flooding of a Field Loss of Water Supply 112/ Protection of the Crops Order for Delivery of Grain Receipt for Embarkation of Grain Lease of a Vineyard Revenue Laws of Ptolemy Philadelphos Assault on an Oil Contractor Overcharging for Oil Regulating the Price of Myrrh VI The Military and Police of Ptolemaic Egypt Reimbursement of Naval Expenses A Letter from Apollonios about Wood for the Navy Pay for Elephant-hunters Complaint about Owner of Lodging 244/ Royal Ordinances c The Allotment of the Orphan Son of a Military Man VII The Ptolemaic Legal and Judicial System City Laws of Alexandria mid third century Regulations about Self-identification in Contracts late third century Petition about Usury and Illegal Detention 245/ Letter from a Man in Jail mid third century Sent to Break Rocks for Representing a Woman Illegally 241/0 (?) Contract for Sureties Decree about a Surety Report on an Investigation

15 TABLE OF DOCUMENTS xiii 132 Trial of Hermias and the Choachytai Action before the Chrematistai 154 or Getting Help to Collect a Debt second century Problems with a Brewery VIII Social Relations and Private Life Bilingualism third century Complaint by a Non-Greek about Contemptuous Treatment c Petition about an Assault Learning Egyptian second century Scalding in the Baths Ordinance about Slave Sales c Procedural Laws about Slaves third century Sale of a Slave girl Offer of Reward for Escaped Slaves Marriage Contract Request for a Guardian Will A Military Settler s Will 238/ A Greek Will in an Egyptian Milieu Preparations for a Festival c A Dancer Hires a Flautist Ungrateful Daughter IX Religion 247 A Greek Sanctuaries and Cities Magnesia-on-the-Maeander and Artemis Leukophryene after 208/ Royal Letters to Magnesia-on-the-Maeander c Epidamnos and Magnesia after 208/ Letter of Kings Theodoros and Amynander to Teos Accounts and Inventories of the Temple of Apollo on Delos Establishment of a Royal Cult of Laodike Antiochus III Appoints a Chief Priest at Daphne B Cults in Ptolemaic Egypt Decree about the Dionysiac Artists c Returning Home for the Festival 230 (?) The Synodos of Zeus Hypsistos c Release on the King s Birthday The Canopus Decree