Fathers & Sons in Terence. Terence- first place, Sedigitus (Martin 1976, 3).

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1 Elizabeth Del Curto Latin 530- Dr. Skinner Fathers & Sons in Terence Terence & the Universal Homo sum: humani nil a me alienum puto (Ht. 77). The aim for the universally valid seems to me to be the chief intention in the alteration of Greek formulations. Karl Büchner (Goldberg 1986, 12). Crown for Character Terence- first place, Sedigitus (Martin 1976, 3). in argumentis Caecilius poscit palmam. In ethesin (= characters ) Terentius (sc. poscit palmam), in sermonibus Plautus. (Varro, sat. Menipp. 399). Terence vs. Plautus Characters rather than caricatures By avoiding fantasy and exaggeration, Terence freed himself to present characters rather than caricatures and to develop rather than obscure the genuine problems of family relationships and social obligations on which his comic material was based (Goldberg 1986, 21). Terence & Menander Roman dramatist working in the Roman tradition (Goldberg 1986, 21). Uniformity of Tone Didacticism of Heauton timorumenos & Adelphoe (Goldberg 1986, 145). 1

2 Terence & the Father-Son Relationship The relationship between father and son is, of all human bonds, the one treated most frequently and with the greatest sympathy by Terence. (Fatham 1979, 970). 1. Andria (The Girl from Andros) (166 BC) 2. Hecyra (The Mother-in-Law) (165 BC) 3. Heauton Timorumenos (The Self-Tormentor) (163 BC) 4. Phormio (161 BC) 5. Eunuchus (161 BC) 6. Adelphoe (The Brothers) (160 BC) Philosophies of Fathering 2 Pairs of Fathers (deal most directly with this theme) Adelphoe (The Brothers) 1. Micio 2. Demea Heauton Timorumenos (The Self-Tormenter) 1. Menedemus 2. Chremes Context - Adelphoe Micio atque ex me hic natus non est, sed fratre ex meo. dissimili is studiost iam inde ab adulescentia nati filii duo; inde ego hunc maiorem adoptavi mihi; (Adephoe, 39-40;46-47). 2

3 Demea Micio Ctesipho Aeschinus Two Philosophies of Child Rearing: Micio vs. Demea - Adelphoe 3

4 Pudor vs. Metus Micio vs. Demea hoc patriumst, potius consuefacere filium sua sponte recte facere quam alieno metu: hoc pater ac dominus interest. Micio Demea ego hanc clementem uitam urbanam atque otium/ secutus sum et, quod fortunatum isti putant, uxorem numquam habui (Adelphoe, 42-44). Micio: ille contra haec omnia: ruri agere uitam, semper parce ac duriter/ se habere, uxorem duxit, nati filii duo: (Adelphoe, 44-46) I have followed this clement life and urbane leisure and, they think it fortunate that I have never had a wife. That one, contrary to all of these things: conducted his life in the country, he always lived frugally and harshly, he married, two sons (were) born to him. indulgence urban values pudor severity rustic values metus 4

5 Micio s Fathering Philosophy 1. Amavi pro meo;/in eo me oblecto, solum id est carum mihi. Ille ut item contra me habeat facio sedulo; (Adelphoe, 48-50) I have loved him as my own; I take delight in that; that alone is dear to me. I diligently see to it that he treat me the same way in return. 2. pudore et liberalitate liberos retinere satius esse credo quam metu. (Adelphoe, 57-58). I believe that it is better to restrain children by a sense of shame and liberality than by fear. 3. praesens absensque idem erit. hoc patriumst, potius consuefacere filium sua sponte recte facere quam alieno metu: hoc pater ac dominus interest. hoc qui nequit, fateatur nescire imperare liberis. (Adelphoe, 71-81). he will be the same when he is present and absent. This is fatherly, to habituate/accustom (your) son to act rightly of his own will rather than by fear of another: this is the difference between a father and a master. 4. Opsonat, potat, olet unguenta (Adelphoe, 117). Ler him feast, let him drink, let him smell of perfumes 5

6 Demea s Fathering Philosophy Micio: venit ad me saepe clamitans quid agis, Micio? quor perdis adulescentem nobis? quor amat? quor potat? quor tu his rebus sumptum suggeris, vestitu nimio indulges? nimium ineptus es (Adelphoe, 60-63). Micio: he comes to me often shouting what are you doing, Micio? Why are you destroying our young man? Why is he loving? Why is he drinking? Why are you supplying outlay for his affairs, (why) are you indulging him too much with clothes? You are very inept. Micio: Nimium ipsest durus praeter aequomque et bonum, et errat longe mea quidem sententia qui imperium credit gravius esse aut stabilius vi quot fit quam illud quod amicitia adiungitur. (Adelphoe, 64-67). He is very harsh beyond what is fair and good, and he errs far in my opinion who believes that power is so much weightier or more stable by force than that (command) which is given through friendship/kindness. Learn to be a father from those who really know DE. ei mi, pater esse disce ab illis qui vere sciunt. MI. natura tu illi pater es, consiliis ego. (Adelphoe, lines ) 6

7 Sons The Son: Loyalty Dad or Wife? Aeschinus & Clinia torn between loyalty to their future wives and to their fathers. (Fantham 1971, 975). Tension Pamphilus - Hecyra - sed postquam/ acrius pater instat, fecit animi ut incertus foret/ pudorin anne amore obsequeretur magis. (Hecyra, lines ) But afterwards his father insists rather harshly, he saw to it that he would be uncertain of mind whether to comply more with respect/sense of shame or love. Pamphilus Andria tot me inpediunt curae amor nuptiarum sollicitatio, tum patri' pudor, qui me tam leni passus est animo usque adhuc ei mihi! incertumst quid agam. So many cares hinder me love, anxiety about the wedding, then a sense of shame before my father, who has endured me with such a gentle mind all the way to this point ah me! It is uncertain what I should do. 7

8 Simo Adria (879) Vide, num eius color pudoris signum usquem indicat? (Adria, 880) See, his color doesn t indicate any sign of shame, does it? Pudor and the Father-Son Relationship αἰσχύνομαι τὸν πατέρα, Κλειτοφῶν, μόνον. (Menander- unidentified minor fragment 586 K). I feel shame, Cleitophon, before my father only. Donatus commentary on Hecyra: sic ostendit in utramque partem, ut tamen in animo honesti adulescentis pudor amorem uincere debuisset. pudori patris scilicet, amori meretricis. erubuit: salva res est (Adelphoe, line 643). He blushed: all is well. AE. Ita uelim me promerentem ames dum uiuas, mi pater, ut me hoc delictum admisisse in me, id mihi uehemeuter dolet et me tui pudet (Adelphoe, ). 8

9 Tender Exchange between Father & Son Adelphoe- ( ) Demea s New Philosophy Which father is successful? Both fail according to their own philosophies The End of the Adelphoe Comedic elements Terence on Education (Toliver 1950) How should a father act? 9

10 Working Bibliography Eyben, Emile. Fathers and Sons Marriage, Divorce, and Children in Ancient Rome. Ed. Beryl Rawson. New York: Oxford University Press, Fantham, E Hautontimorumenos and Adelphoe: A Study of Fatherhood in Terence and Menander, Latomus 30: Goldberg, S. M Understanding Terence. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Grant, J. N The Ending of Terence s Adelphoe and the Menandrian Original, American Journal of Philology 96: Greenberg, Nathan A. Success and Failure in the Adelphoe. The Classical World 73.4 Dec Jan., 1980: Lord, Carnes. Aristotle, Menander and the Adelphoe of Terence, Transactions of the American Philological Association 107: Toliver, Hazel M. The Terentian Doctrine of Education, The Classical Weekly (March 1950):

QUESTION 26. Love. Article 1. Does love exist in the concupiscible power?

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