NINTH VOL \M EY.YORjf TESTIMONIES OF ANCIENT. The State of Gentilifm under Chriftian Emperors.

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1 VOL. IX. a 2 1 AQ$ o N N T S " ''-COLL NINTH VOL \M EY.YORjf TESTIMONIES OF ANCIENT. HEATHENS. CHAP. xni. xiv. XV. xvi. XVII. XVIII. XIX. xx. XXI. XXII. XXIII. xxiv. EUNAPIUS CLAUDIAN MACROBIUS RUTILIUS - OLYMPIODORUS ZOSIMUS HIEROCLES OF ALEXANDRIA PROCLUS MARINUS DAMASCIUS SIMPLICIUS - A REVIEW OF THE JEWISH AND HEATHEN TESTI MONIES IN THE SEVERAL VOLUMES OF THIS WORK _ s A.D. PAGE. I is S(3. The State of Gentilifm under Chriftian Emperors. Imperial laws concerning Gentile people and their worlhip A Confultation and Divination of heathen people in the time of Valens, about the year The Petition of the Roman fenate to Valentinian the younger in the year 384, that the Altar of Victory, which had been removed by Gratian, might be reftored The Correfpondence between Maximus of Madaura and Auguftine in the year _ 154

2 C O N T E N T S. v SeS Page's ; J., This variety of opinion is no juft obje tion againft the truth of the". Chriftian religion - - -_ - _~ 260 I c Curiofity and inquifitivenefs of mind were difpofitions frequently indulged by Heretics ' Heretics were not in general folicitous about little matters, and were moderate towards thole who differed from them Pernicious confequences fuppofed to arife from feme of their doctrines, were charged upon them, though they did not admit them The feeds of thefe Herefies were ibwn in the days of the apoftles 267 BOOK THE SECOND. The H.iftory of particular Heretics. CHAPTER I. OF SATURNINUS. 1 Of his opinions, as given us by Irenaeus He was an obfeure perfon, and had probably but few followers 270 II. OF BASILIDES, 1 Ofhistime The account Of him, as given by Irenseus and other ancient authors An examination of ieveral of the opinions attributed to him 274 4'Concerninghis notion of 365 heavens He believed the world was made by angels, the chief of whom pre-,* "" fided over the Jews '"6-6 His opinion concerning the perfon of Chrift Of the ftory of Simon the Cyronian, and whether he believed that Chrift fuffered Beaufobre's view of the fentiments of Bafilides concerning Chrift He believed the baptifm of Jefus Heisfaid to have partaken of things offered to idols, and to have ' 1 denied the neceflity or reafonablenefs of fuffering martyrdom 282 XX He believed that the foul only would be faved - ' a He is falfely accufed of believing that adtions are indifferent in their V own nature ib. x 3 A probable account of the foundation of this charge *4 He is alfo accufed of ufing magic and incantations *5 Of the meaning of Caulacau, and his definition of faith and hope 289

3 iv C O N T E N T S. SeSl.. Pagr. 5 The demolition of the temple of Serapis at Alexandria, and other - - temples in Egypt, and Come other temples elfewhere, in the year _ A pretended Heathen Oracle in the year 398, foretelling the period of the Chriftian religion - - _ The demolition of the temple of the goddeis Cceleftis at Carthage, in. the year An image of Hercules destroyed by the Chriftians at SufFecta, in Africa, in the year 399 ' A diftiubii-.ce it Calama ir. Numidia in the year The overthrow of Rhadagmfc:. the Goth in the year Rome befieged, taken, and facked by Alaric the Goth, in the year XT. The Correfpondence between Auguftine and Volufian in the year The Correfpondence between the people of Madaura and Auguftine, time uncertain _ The Correfpondence between Auguftine and Longinian; time uncertain Obfervations of Orofius and Auguftine upon the treatment given to the Gentiles by Chriftian magiftrates Concluding obfervations upon the ftate of Gentilifm under Chriftian emperors HISTORY OF HERETICS. BOOK THE FIRST. General Obfervations concerning Heretics. I THE meaning of the word Herefy % It is difficult to define what is Herefy, or who is an Heretic _ Of the caiifes of Herefies Many'miftakcs in the writings-of thofe who have publifhed the hiftory of Herefies accounted for The number of Herefies hath been augmented without fufficient reafon Moft Herefies of the two firft centuries may be reduced to two kinds Heretics have been often treated with great acrimony Heretics have been greatly calumniated The ancient Heretics believed the Unity of God They made great uie of the fcriptures it Same of them alfo ufed apocryphal books They refpefted the apoftles and apoftolic traditions The ancient Herefiarchs were generally men of letters, and arefai to have borrowed moll of their peculiar notions from fotne of.. r..xic n( nvdofoohers * - - 2^8

4 vi C O N T E N T S. Se3. _ Page. 16 Of the name Abraxas, which he is faid to have given to the prince of the heavens Of the number, coftlinefs, and heathenifh origin of thofe gems called Abraxaei ib. 18 Of the derivation and meaning of the word Abraxas, and to what the Bafilidians applied it It probably referred to their philofophical Arcana The gems called Abraxaei were uied by the heathens as charms The Chriittans accufed by Adrian of worfhipping Serapis - ib. 22 An examination of Montfaucon's figures Thefe gems were undoubtedly of heathenifh origin From hence came the fuperiudous cuftom of writing Abrafadabra as a charm ib. 25 Beaulobre's obfervations on Chiffiet, and arguments againft thefe gems being Chriitian; firfr, from the incredibility of the thing ; iecondly, from the filence of the fathers Farther obfervations on ChifHet Of the names of angels found on thofe gems - - ib. 28 Conclufions drawn from the foregoing obfervations - * Of the (captures received by Bafilides ib. 1 He did not pay great regard to the Old Teftament - ib. 2 He received the whole, or at leaft the greater part of the New Of the gofpel of Bafilides Of the prophets Barcabbas and Barcoph Of the odes of Bafilides ib. 33 Thefe things prove the authenticity and wide-fpread of the fcriptures of the New Teiiament ib. C H A P T E Pv III. OF CARPOCRATES AND HIS FOLLOWERS. I Some account of Curpocrares and Epiphanes, from Clement of Alexandria and other ancient authors '?. Of the time in which Carpocrates lived - ' Of the principles of the Carpocratians concerning the creation Of their opinion concerning the perfon of Jems Chriif. - ib. ' 5 They are accufed of faying that fome may excel Jefus And are faid to have ufed magical arts Of marking their difciples and incenling the pictures of Chrifr. and others ib. 8 A genera] view of what they believed They are accufed of afferting that there is no difference in the nature of things And of praclifmg thcgrofteft impurities in their aflemblies The utter improbability of thefe accufations fhewn from a variety of conflderations What fcriptures they received

5 N T E N T S. IV. OF CERINTHUS. SeB- -c Pa S e - 1 Ancient authors who fpeak of Cerinthus I Irenaeus Epiphanius Theodoret Obfervations relating to the time of Cerinthus Obfervations tending to illuftrate his hiftory Of his principles and fentiments & 1 He is reckoned by fome a Gnoftic ib. 2 He however taught one fupreme God - - ib. 3 What he thought ofte perfon of Jefus Chrift - ib. 4 And of the Holy Ghoft AndoftheRefurrection He was zealous for the Mofaic law ib. 7 And was a Millenarian ib. 5 Of his morals An'account of what fcriptures he received ib. V. OF PRODICUS AND HIS FOLLOWERS. 1 Of the account of him from Clemens Alexandrinus Thepdoret's account of him, in which he is far from being exact Obfervations on Clement, which render it; probable that his followers were not fuch licentious livers as they are faid to have been They are accufed of believing the ufeleffnefs of prayer <> From the arguments ufed againft them by Clement, it appears they ' ' refpedied Chrift and the fcriptures They are accufed of denying the neceffity of fuffering for religion Of the time and general character of Prodicus and his followers ib.' VI..- OF THE ADAMIANS, OR ADAMITES. 1 The account of thefe people from Epiphanius and Auftin Considerations tending to prove there never were fuch heretics An objection taken from the practice of the Gnoftics, andanfwers 339 An objection taken from Theodoret's affertion, that Prodicus infhtuted the feet of the Adamites, anfwered. jb, 34

6 viii C O N T E N T S. CHAPTER VIL OF MARC AND HIS FOLLOWERS, CALLED MARCOSIANS. Sea. Pagt. i Of his time, his country, and the fes from which he fprang He is accufed of being a magician He is faid^to have had an affifting daemon, and to have ufed various arts of deceiving Some obfervations upon thefe aecufations ib. $ The Marcofians are faid to have regarded the letters of the alphabet as myfterious They are unjuflly accufed of holding two principles, and being Docetae -. _ - ib. '1 They continued in the praftice of Baptifm and the Eucharift Of their opinion concerning Jefus Chrift ib. 9 Of their rites of redemption, and the meaning of them, as given by Rhenford They believed the fa fe recorded in the gofpels ' i 1 They received the fcriptures both of the Old and New Teftament 348 fa A particular enumeration of the books of the New Teftament ufed by them ib. *3 Of their apocryphal books VIII, OF HERACLEON. i A ncient writers who {peak of him, and of the time when he lived He was a follower of Valehtiiius, with whofe opinions his fentiments nearly correfponded Commentaries were written by him on fevcral parts of fcripture Containing remarks on the foregoing paffages, particularly concerning what parts cf fcripture he received - * ib. IX. OF CERDON. T Of his time ,354 1 Of his opinions He was an admirer of virginity, and is faid to have recanted his errors ^ 4 What fcriptures were received by him

7 C O N T E N T S. 5x X. OF MARCION AND HIS FOLLOWERS. I Some general account of him from Irenseus Of the time in which he lived The hiftory of him as given by Epiphanius The ftory of his deceiving a young woman doubtful Several obfervations tending to fhew its incredibility Some reafon to fufpeft it was the invention of Epiphanius He began to propagate his errors in his own country, for which he was expelled by his father His way of life was very unfettled -, - ib. 9 He had a great number of followers ib. 10 Of his opinions, and the number of principles which he held It 1 His notion of the Creator, and the world formed by him, and the God fuperior to him The Marcionite idea of the difference between good and juft The good God was the maker of beings fpiritual and invifible ib. 14 The Marcionites erroneous in dividing the Deity They were believers in a future judgment, and in the neceflify of human actions They thought the foul, but not the bodies of the virtuous would be happy in a future ftate " The belief of a tranfmigration afcribed to them by Epiphanius Some account of their notion that Chrift delivered the wicked but left the good - ^ Marcion's opinion of the perfon of Chrift that he was not a real. :. rriari gyg 20 Tertullian's arguments againfl this notion' Marcion believed there were to be two Chrifts He arrowed the truth of our Saviour's miracles And of his death j 24 And refurre&ion ib. 25 And of the principal fa ts related concerning him The manners of the Marcionites were virtuous, and they had many martyrs, They contemned marriage, and highly extolled virginity They fafted on the Sahbath _ They celebrated Baptifm and the Eucharift, but were fomewhat irregular in the adminiftration ib. 30 They had churches for ftated public worfhip - -, Marcion wholly rejefted the Old Teftament ib. 32 He alfo objected to the appointment of facrifices - _ He mutilated the New Teftament wherever it contained quota- N- tions from the Old - - _ He framed ar.tithefbs to fhew tfc- - " ' '" ' V-w to the gofpel *- %

8 C O N T E N T S. Se3- Pdgt- 35 Marcion received but eleven books of the New Teftament, and of the gofpels only that of Luke, and this mutilated He rejected the genealogy and baptifm of our Saviour He alio rejected the hiftory of the temptation An account of many other alterations made by him in St. Luke's gofpel ib. 39 There were a fumcient number of texts remaining to confute his errors _ The catholic Chriftians aflerted the antiquity of the unmutilated gofpel ib. 41 Marcion rejected the Acts of the apoftles And received only ten epiftles of St. Paul, and moft of thefe altered Of the alterations and omiffions of Marcion in the epiftle to the Galatians _ In the firft epiftle to the Corinthians In the fecond epiftle to the Corinthians In the epiftle to the Romans In the firft epiftle to the Theflalonians In the fecond epiftle to the Theflalonians _ - ib. 49 In the epiftle to the Ephefians, called by him the epiftle to the Laodiceans _ He probably did not much alter the epiftle to the Coloffians Nor at all that to Philemon _ ib. 52 Nor but little that to the Philippians ib.- 53 An argument from hence in favour of the authenticity of the New Teftament XI. OF LUCIAN, OR LEUCIUS. 1 Some general account of him from ancient authors, with obfervations thereon Of the time when he lived Of his opinions - - _ 417_ 4 Some obfervations on his notion about the fouls of brutes and the refurre tion of them _ A belief in another kind of refurredtion, afcribed to him by Tertullian _ Some general account of his writings _ Some obfervations on the affertion of Mr. Jones that Leucius was a'manichee _ Leucius was the author of the Hiftory of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary _ The writer of it not a Jew - _ - _ The Protevangelion, or Gofpel of James, was compofed by Leucius 427 j I A current tradition that Jofcph was a widower, and had children by a former wife ib.

9 H N T E N T S. XI 12 Paflages in Epiphanius referring to the Gofpel of the Nativity and the Protevangelion Obfervations on fome of the contents of thefe two Gofpels Leucius is thought to have interpolated the Gofpel of the infancy ib. He was the forger of the Gofpel of Nicodemus Two other Gofpels afcribed to Leucius Of the traditions of Matthias. It is rather uncertain what they were Leucius was the author of the forged Acts, or Journeying of the apoftles Some account of the contents of this book Thefe forgeries prove the truth of the canonical fcriptures C A A P T E R XII. OF APELLES. PART I. His Hiftory. 1 Of the time when he lived Of his connection with Philumene ib. 3 No foundation for the ftory of his incontinence , 4 Unjuftly accufed of difcouraging inquiry Of his Writings His country uncertain -» PART II. His peculiar Principles. 7 He believed one firft Principle, who formed another inferior deity He thought that the difference of fex depended on the foul t 9 He was not a Docete in his opinion concerning the body of Chrift ib. to He denied-the refurre tion of the body PART III. Wh.-.t fcriptures he received. IJ In other matters he generally agreed with Marcion ^ He did not pay any great regard to the Old Teftament - ib. 13 His fentiments about the New Teftament probably not very different from Marcion's _ It is likely he reje&ed the beginning of St. Matthew's gofpel as ' : well as that of St. Luke - - _ - ib. 15 He treated the fcriptures juft as Marcion did, by receiving part, and rejecting what did not fuit his purpofe

10 sii C O N T E N T S - XIII. OF THE SETHIANS. Sell. Page. i Some general obfervations concerning thefe Heretics, and the Ophites and Cainites Epiphanius's account of the Sethians They called themfelves the defcendants of Seth - ib. 4 They fpoke of Seth in a very honourable manner They afcribed the creation of the world to angels - - ib. 6 The/ believed that Jefus Chrift defcended from Seth in an extraordinary way _ ib. 7 By Chrift who defcended upon Jefus they probably meant the Holy Ghoft An account of what books they ufed What fcripturcs they received XIV. OF THE CAIANS, OR CAINITES. t Some account of the accufations brought againft them, from Epiphar.ius and Iremeus Obfervations tending to mew the incredibility of thefe accounts That the denomination Cainites arofe from a way of fpeaking among the Scthians, rendered probable by paftages from fcripture and other writings There never was a feci: of Chriftians who called themfelves Cainites, or who profeffed >he principles above defcribed XV. OF THE OPHIANS OR OPHITES. j The Ophians are faid by Ireimeus and Theodoret to be the fame with the Sethians * 2 Very different representations given of thefe people by Epiphanius and others Origen's account of the Ophians XVI. OF ARTEMON. 1 Of his opinions He founded them on fcripture, and paid a regard to its authority ib. 3 Several others held die fame opinions - A66 4 Of the time when he lived ib.

11 C O N T E N T S. 'xu'i XVII. OF THEODOTUS. Setf- Pa?'- 1 Of his time and opinions - 46'^ 2 Paflages from ancient authors concerning him - - ib. 3 He is accufed of denying Chrift in a time of perfecution *Two obfervations on what Epiphanius fays about him - 46c) <: The fcriptures of the Old and New Teftamcnt were received by him ib. 6 There were feveral of the fame name in the fecond century Theodotus the banker, is generally fuppofed to be the author of the feci: of the Melchifedechians - -. ib. ' XVIII. OF H-ERMOGENES. j Of his time and country % What authors fay of him, and by whom he is omitted - 4^4 3 Some accoun*- of him, and thofe who wrote againft him - ib. 4 He was fkilled in painting, and was originally a Chriftian f Some. account pf his opinions concerning the eternity of matter ib. He believed one fupreme God unchangeably good - _ 476 * 7 He afcribed to matter an irregular motion, but introduced no sons - _ No diftindi account of his opinion concerning the perfon of Jefus Chrift _ Some other opinions of his about the origin of the foul, human liberty, the devil, deemons, rmd a future judgment - - ib. 10, He never fet up a feparate communion His teftimony to fcripture - ib. 12 He received both the Old and New Teftamcnt - _ 480 t% No account of any writings of his i XIX, OF THE MONTANIST.S 1. 1 Ancient writers who fpeak of the Montanifts - - 4S1 2 Of the time when they firft fprang up _ From whence they derived their name, and of the extent and continuance of their opinions - - _ - ib. 4 Where Montanus was born, and of certain reproaches caft on him - and his followers -. * - 481

12 xiv C O N T E N T S. Sea. '. Page. rage. 5 Of his companions and affiftants, and of their prophecies Of his pretentions and manner of prophefying _ Of the opinions 6t the Montanifts Of fome peculiarities in their manners, difcipline, and doctrine Of their myfteries, and fome calumnies call upon them on that account Of their teftimony to the fcriptures XX, OF PRAXEAS. i Of the time in which he lived What ancient writers fpeak of him, and by whom he is omitted ib 3 Of his country - _ He fuffersd in the caufe or Chrift - 4gc 5 He was once confuted, and figned a recantation, but afterwards proftlted again his former principles ib. 6 A believer in baptifm and the general articles of the Chriftian faith ib. 7 A ftrenuous affertor of the divine unity - _ He would not allow that the father fur'ered q He received both the Old and New Teftament gofpels and epiftles He founded his arguments upon a great variety of paffages both in the Old and New Teftament XXI. OF JULIUS C":SIAN'JS. i Of his time { 2 In his writings he argued from the Old as well as from the New Teftament ib. 7 Of his opinions, country, and philofophical (peculations XXII. OF THE ELCESAITES, OR OSSENS. i The time uncertain when they firft arofe They were mentioned and written againft by Origen - - ib. 3 Other ancient authors who fpeak of this feft, and of their opinions Of the Offens, who were the fame with the Elcefaites, called alfo Sampfeans, and of their time, and opinions Of the name of the founder of this fecf, and of feveral authors who mention him _ - - _ ^0g 6 Of the time when he flouriflied, according to modern authors 510

13 O N E N xv SeSl. Page. Of the duration of this feci: 513 & What parts of fcripture they received 9 Explanation of a prayer of Elxai ib. 5H XXIII. OF THE ALOGIANS, 1 The account of them by Epiphanius and Philaiter, as rejecting John's gofpel and the Revelation There never was any fuch Herefy Some account of Epiphanius's article of the Alogians - ib. 4 This Herefy was probably invented, upon the occafion of the controverfy with the Millenarians - _ 51 j 5 A groundlefs opinion among the moderns concerning the Unitarians of the fecond century Page '. line. 59 «7 t«gt-» * 3b- 6 b. IN, col. line. 1 ib. 1 6 b. > b. fir 595 hat read. 395 that THE NOTES. for read TOO criptura crebo perjugez T6VB TOP fcriptura crebro prejugez Tars R R A T A. Page. col. line, for Tab xvpiuy axovca aab VOHH read Fab. y-vpiov tiioi 017OE IWKSI tjyviv ncrxti lo-yvporipot. tvyvporsex 374- I 2 43i b. <&&pointatendgftheline»

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