SUBJECT INDEX 316,318, 324, 327, 329, 330, 335, 338, 343, , , 48, 87-88, , 168, 398, 557,560

Transcription

1 SUBJECT INDEX Alkalinity, seawater 18-19,21,39-40,42, 44-46, 48, 87-88, , 168, 398, 557,560 Alkenone, see Biomarkers Aluminium, Mn/AI 87,90,92,97 Ammonium 260, ,273 Angola Basin 343, 344, 346, 348, 350, 353, 357 Angola Current 343, 352, 354, 356 Antarctic, see Southern Ocean Aragonite, preservation 102 Arctic Front 61, 63, 66, 70, 72, 74, 78, 81,83 Assimilation, gross assimilation rate marine plankton 152, 155, Atlantic 39, 43, 45-46, 50, 54-55, 105, 106, 115, 118, 123, 195, , 543, 545,551 bloom experiment 267,286,291 Equatorial Atlantic 367, 368, 370, 373, , ,438 Gulf of Mexico 323, 327, 334 NE Atlantic , 432, 436, 438,526 North Atlantic 201,523,525 Sargasso Sea 273,288,291 South Atlantic 197,524 Atmosphere 30-34, 171, 174, C02 3-8, 11, 18, 20, 40, 42-43, 46,52-53, 55-56, 77, 87-88, , 218, 323, 330, 333, 344, 356, 398,407 continental weathering 39-43, 47,51-54,56 Ii13C of C02 7,8 paleo-c02 40, 226, 307, 313, ,318, 324, 327, 329, 330, 335, 338, 343, , 500 pc02 6, 19, 26-27, 30-34, 39, 44, 54,302, , 313, 315, 318, 324, 333, , , , 373, 377, , , 500 Barium 110, 127, 131, 189, barite-ba 227,228,236,237,239,240 diagenesis/mobilization 225, 227, 228, 236,239,242,243,250 sedimentary 225,227,236,237,239, 240,242,246,250 Berilium, lobe 98 Biological Pump 368,377,380 Biomarkers alkenone Ii13C , , , 335, 337 diagenetic alteration 352 dinosterol 337 lipids 326, 327, 388 U K 3? 233, 250, 326, 330, 333, 343, 344, , 350, 352, 354, 370, 373 Bioturbation 21, 101, 186,292 Black Sea 88, 323, Cadmium , Cd/Ca 35, , 196, 218, 281, Carbon 282,399,551 C/N ratio 225, 227, 229, , 250, 343, , 353 carbon cycle 3-4, 6, 8, 11, 15-35, 39-40,43,53,56,260,274,426 C02(aq) , , ,

2 , ,368,370 C02, atmosphere 3-8, II, 18,20, 40, 42-43, 46, 52-53, 55-56, 87-88, , 218, 323, 330, 333, 344, 356,398,407 dissolved C , 21, ,323,331,500 fossil fuel C02 5, 7, 8 carbon isotopes, see Isotopes organic carbon 18, 45, 93, 97, 102, , 115, 118, 123, 127, , , , , , 334, , 395, 427, ,481,540, accumulation 187,388,531 Corg content 291,346,350,392,397, 501 degradation 225, , , ,244,246,250,501 preservation 227,229,291 Carbonate 18,20,39,42,44,77-78,563 accumulation rates 77, 105,394, , , 456, , 460, 464,467 dissolution 20, 39-40, 49, 77, 97-98,105, 110, 127, 131, 226, ,251,451, ,467,494 preservation 396, 458, 494 production 20,26,30-34,45,48 Congo RiverlFan 87, 93, , 353, 392, 394 Corals, a13c 335 Dating 210Pb 335, 532 AMS 14C 372, 427, 446, 450 Depth Habitat benthic foraminifers ,501,547 phytoplankton 330, 334, 335 planktic foraminifers 145, , , 330, 335, , 464, 481,482 Diatoms 386, 388, 392, 405, , 417, ,429, ,527,555, 560, 564 diatom flux ,420 standing stock ,525 Dinoflagellate cysts toxic blooms 530 EI Nino 292, 294 Environmental pollution 530 Equatorial Current System 344,345,356 Eutrophication 521,524,530,532,535 Foraminifera benthic , , 481, abundances 386, 401, 443, ,457, , accumulation rates 482, 493, 495, 512 depth habitat 188, 189, 335, 460, 461,464, 501, 547 /)13C , , 196, ,455, ,481,483,549 planktonic 61-83,109 abundance 149,150 culture experiments 152, 163 /)13C 145, , , ,483,513 depth habitat 145, , 154, 156,330, growth , 154, 163 ontogeny 145, 150, 152, , , reproduction , 150, 155 symbionts 147, 150, Galapagos 87,89,91,97

3 577 Gennanium Ge/Si 54,56,281,388 Guinea Basin 96, 98 Gulf of Mexico 313,323, 327, 330, 334 Ice Cores Siple Station paleo-c Vostok paleo-c02 40,226,307,313, , 318, 324, 327, , 338, 343, , 500 Ice-rafted detritus 61-83, 115 Indian Ocean 30-34, 171, 182, 197, , , ,459,467 Iodine, I/Corg 97 Iron Mn/Fe 87, 90, 97 Fe 90,92, 101 Isotopes I)l3C 9, 11 of alkenone , , , 335, 337 of atmospheric C02 7, 8 benthic foraminiferal , , 196, 443, 444, 455, ,481,483,549 coccolith 335 coral 335 diagenetic alteration 311, 313, 316, 318, 353, 367 foraminiferal 26, 74-77, 80, 218, 281, 324, , 388, 398, , 407 vital effect 145, 152, 156, fractionation photosynthesis 145, , 157, , 218, , 313,316,318,323,327,329, 331,338,368 sea-air fractionation , 218 temperature effect 204,316,326 inn-gcms 325 organic carbon 176, 226, , 250, ,311,313, , 318, 343, 346, , 352, , , 370, , 379 planktic foraminiferal 145, , 157, 159, 160, , 367, 373, 377, 379, 483, 513 pore water 464,466 seawater total C , 35, 39, 44, 75, 105, 107, 118, 123, 131, 145, , , , 331, 337, 398, 465, C 372, 427, 446, C of atmosphere 6, 8 1)15N 226, 233, 235, 250, , , , ,557 diagenetic alteration 276,292 fractionation 284, 287, 290, 294 food web , 265, 267, 270, 273, 274 photosynthesis 259, 260, , zooplankton 259, , 270, 273,274,275 oxygen isotopes - 1)180 foraminiferal 72-74,80,89,93,95-96, 102, 110, , 372, 427, 448, 450, 455, 465, 481, 496, 555,558,559 87Sr/86Sr 39,41,52 210Pb 335, 532 Kattegat-Skagerrak 530 Lead Isotopes, see Isotopes Lysocline 19,21,26,30-34,39,40,46, 49, 50, 54, 115, 494

4 578 Madeira Abyssal Plain 225, 228, 230, , 243, 257 Manganese diagenesis/mobilization 225, , 250 hydrothermal 87,88,90,92,97,102 Mn/Al 87,90,92,97 Mn/Fe 87, 90, 97 Mn2+ 88,90 Mn4+ 88,90 MnCh 87,97,101 preservation ,250 Mediterranean 225, , 230, 232, 233, ,244,249,251,275 Methane 3-4, 9-12 ai3c 9,11 methane cycle 4,9, 11 Milankovitch frequencies ,380 Mixed Layer 504, 507 Nannoplankton 335 Nitrogen CIN ratio 225, 227, 229, , 250, 343, , 353 denitrification 260, 262, 274 fixation 260, 262, 265 nitrate 292,294,295,296,297,299, 300,301,303 nitrification 260, 262 nitrogen cycle 259, 260, 262, 266, 270, 274, 276 nitrogen isotopes (a15n) 281,282, 284, 285, 286, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 299, 300,301,302,303 particulate nitrogen 267, 273, 285, 286,289,290,292,294,296 uptake 259,265,267,274 Norwegian-Greenland Seas 61-83, 273, 291,544 Nutrients depletion 282 micronutrients 335 nitrate 176, 180, 269, 285, 286, 289, 292, , , 303, 385, 391 nitrite 260 phosphate 18, 39-40, 44-46, , , 174, 176, 177, , 191, ,385,398,404,499 remineralization 201, 205, 216, ,273,334 utilization 152, 205, , 288, 292,294,296,483 Opal, biogenic 105, 110, 115, 127, 131, 386,388, 392, 394, 397,400, , 407, ,417, ,429, ,555,560, ,568, diagenetic alteration 396, 416, 417, 420, ,432,435 Oslofjord 531,532 Outgassing, by upwelling 367, 368, 377, 379, 380 Oxygen Isotopes, see Isotopes Pacific 30-34, 39, 41, 43, 45, 49, 54-55, 195,229, ,413,524,529,539, 542,544,546,549 equatorial 40, 171, 174, 227, 244, 275, , , 294, 296, , 316, 323, , 388, 394, , 407, , 506, 513 MANOP North Pacific 197 northwestern 167,174 southeastern 525 southwestern 526

5 579 subarctic 285,286,287,413,528 Paleoproductivity, see Productivity Paleosalinity 370, 523, 533, 535 Paleotemperature surface water 46, 71, 72, 233, 250, 313, 318, 329, 343, 348, , 355, 370, 373, , 444, 481, Partial Pressure of C02 atmospheric pc02 6, 19,26-27,30-34, 39,44,54,302, ,313,315, 318, 324, 333, , , , 373, 377, , ,500 oceanic PC02 309,313, ,318, , , 346, , ,370, , Photosynthesis isotope effect on Sl3C 145, , 157, , 218, , 313, 316, 318, 323, 327,329, 331, 338, 368 S15N 259,260, , symbion tic 145, , 162, 163 Phytoplankton, depth habitat 330, Polar Front North Atlantic 61, 63, 66, 70-71, 77-78,81 SouthemOcean 105,107,115,118, 123, 125, 127, 129, ,296, 297, 556, 571 Productivity, general 189, 281, , 355, 358, , , 394, 396, , export 333,385,391,397, , 404, , 432, 458, 481, 483, 493, ,508,511,513 new 273,275,334,391,483,556 paleo 35, 125, 127, 132, , 236, , 243, 246, 250, 344, 350, , 377, 379, 385, , , 429, , , 456, , , 522, 524, 534, 555, 557, 558, 56~ , 569, primary 18, 20, 26, 30-34, 105, 131, 237, 239, 246, , 265, 267, 270, 273, , 333, 335, 337, 357, 415, 422, , 432, , 438, , 456, , ,521, 527, 531, 556, 561 regenerated 273,275 Radiocarbon AMS 14C 372, 427, 446, 450 atmospheric 14C 6, 8 Red Sea 147, , 157 Redfield Ratio 18,20-21,45,201,391, Respiration, marine plankton 145, 157, 159, Sapropel 228, 233, 235, 240, 242, 245, 249 Sea ice 61-62,63,66,69,72-73,80-81, 83, 105, 115, 528, 556, 569, 572 Sealevel 27-29,44 history 46 Southern Ocean los, 106, 115, 127, 129, 131, 132, 167, 180, 195, 196, 201, 205,212,275,291,295, , 344, 355,556,565 Antarctic Intermediate Water 197 circumpolar current 296, 298 polar front 105, 107, 115, 118, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 132, 197,296, 297,556,571

6 580 Prydz Bay 298 Weddell Sea 105, 106, 113, 115, 118, 125,176,287,299,558,562,563,568 Spectral Analysis 372, 378, 379 Milankovitch bands 377,378,380 Stratigraphy 356 1)180 89, 93, 95, 96, 102, 110, 349, 350, 372, 422, 427, 448, 450, 455, 465,481,496,555,558,559 Sulphate Reduction 227, 229, 230, 240, 242, 250 Symbionts, photosynthesis 145, 157, 158, 159, 162, 163 Thorium 230Thexcess 87,89,90,91,93,94,95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, 555, 558, 560,566,572 U!fh 446, 453, 454 Upwelling 145,204,212,275,344,368, 370, 377, 379, 385, 388, 389, 391, 392,400,402,404,407,408,521,526 C02 outgassing 367, 368, 377, 379, 380 coastal 344, 357, 425, 432, 436, 438, 443,444,445,468,524,527,534 equatorial Atlantic 367, 368, 370, 373, 377,378,379,380 equatorial Pacific 292, 294, 303, 333, 334 paleo-upwelling 528, 529 Uranium authigenic 93, 97, 98, 99, 443, 444, 446, 453, 455, 461, 462, 463, 464, 466,468 U!fh 446, 453, 454 Younger Dryas 61,62,81,83,565 Zooplankton, isotope effect on 1)15N 259, 266,267,268,270,273,274,275

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