Document 1. Treaty of Peace and Friendship

Transcription

1 Document 1. Treaty of Peace and Friendship Treaty of 1725 for Ratification signed at Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia Articles of Submission & Agreements made at Boston in New England by Sanguaarum alias Loron, Arexus Francois Xavier and Meganumbe Delegates from Penobscott Naudgevaek S. Johns Cape Sables and Other Tribes Inhabiting within His Majesties Territories of Nova Scotia and New England Whereas His Majesties King George by Concession of the Most Christian King made at the Treaty of Utrecht became the Rightfull Possessor of the Province of Nova Scotia or Acadie according to its antient Boundaries We the said "Indians Sanguaarum alias Loron Arexus Francois Xavier and Meganumbe Delegates from the said Tribes Penobscott Naudgewaek St. Johns Cape Sables and other tribes Inhabiting His Majesties and Territories in Nova Scotia or Acadie and New England in the name and behalf of the said Tribes We Represent Acknowledge His Said Majesty King George's Jurisdiction and Dominion over the said Territories of Nova Scotia or Acadie and make our Submission to his said Majesty in as ample a Manner as We have formerly done to his most Christian Kings And We further promise on behalf of the said Tribes We represent That the Indians shall not Molest any of His Majesties subjects or their Dependents and their Settlements already made or Lawfully to be made or in their Carrying on their Traffick or their affairs Within the said Province That if there Happens any Robbery or outrage Committed by any of the Indians The Tribe or Tribes they belong to shall cause Satisfaction and Restitution to be made to the Parties Injured That the Indians shall not help to convey away any Soldiers belonging to his Majesties forts but on the Contrary shall bring back any Soldiers they shall find Endeavouring to Run away

2 That in the case of any Misunderstanding Quarrel or Injury between the English and the Indians no private Revenge shall be taken, but Application shall be made to Redress according to his Majesties Laws That if the Indians have made any Prisoners belonging to the Government of Nova Scotia or Acadie during the Course of the War shall be Released at or before the Ratification of this Treaty That This Treaty shall be Ratified at Annapolis Royal Dated at the Council Chamber in Boston in New England this fifteenth day of December Anno Domini one Thousand seven hundred and Twenty-five, Annog: Requi Regis Georgu Magna Britannica & Duo decimo Signed Sealed & Delivered in the presence of the Great & General Court or Assembly of the Province of Massachusetts Bay Attest'd J. Williard Sec. Sanguaarum alias Loron Arexus Francois Xavier Meganumbe

3 Document 2. Niagara Treaty of 1781 No. 381 Copy of a copy To all Persons whom these presents may Concern; We the sachems and Chiefs of the Chippeweighs & Missasagas inhabiting at and near Wegh-queta, at the head of Lake Ontario in the vicinity of Niagara, on behalf of ourselves and all our people here convened by Colonel Guy Johnson, His Majesty's sole agent and Superintendent of the Six united Nations of Indian and their Confederates, send greeting Whereas the Chiefs of the Six Nations & several of our then Chiefs, did in the month of August in the year one thousand seven hundred and sixty four, at this place, in the presence and at the desire of Sir William Johnson Bart. deceased, Our late superintendent, enter into a treaty for the ceding to His Majesty King George the third, a certain tract of land on the West side of the Straits leading form Lake Erie to lake Ontario, which cession was not then fully arranged and finally executed by us, and whereas we have now been summoned to attend at this place to make and perfect a cession of the same, and of such other lands, as have been required by Colonel Johnson to be ceded to the King, agreeable to orders received for that purpose, all which we have had fully explained to us by the said Colonel Johnson, and have duly considered the same Now THEREFOREKnow Ye, That we the said Sachems and Chiefs of the before mentioned Nations, all well through our own Zeal Loyalty and attachment to His Majesty as in consideration of a handsome present to, us made by our said Superintendent Colonel Johnson in the part and on behalf of his said Majesty, the receipt whereof we do acknowledge; We the said Indians have four ourselves, Heirs and Successors, granted, bargained, sold, released and confirmed, and by these presents do grant, bargain, sell, release and confirm to our said Sovereign Lord King George the third, All that certain Tract of land situated on the West side of the said Strait or River, leading from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, Beginning at a large white oak tree, forked six feet from the ground, on the bank of the said Lake Ontario, at the distance of four English miles measured in a straight line, from the West side of the bank of the said Straight, opposite to the Fort Niagara and extending from thence by a Southerly course to the Chipeweigh River, at the distance of four miles on a direct line from where the said River falls into the said strait about the great Fall of Niagara. or such a line as will pass at four miles West of the said Fall in its course to the said River and running from thence by a Southeasterly course to the Northern Bank of Lake Erie at the distance of four miles on a straight line, Westerly from the Post called Fort Erie, thence Easterly along the said Lake by the said Post, and Northerly up the West side of the said strait to the said lake Ontario, thence Westerly to the place of beginning; together with all the hereditaments and appurtenances to the same belonging or in anywise appertaining, and also all our estate Right, Title, property, possession, claim or demand in law or equity in or to the same or any part thereof. To released and confirmed and aforesaid with the hereditaments and appurtenances thereunto belonging unto our said Sovereign Lord King George the Third. His heirs and successors and to and for his and their own proper use & behoof forever. In Witness whereof we the Chiefs of the said Chipeweighs & Missisagas have hereunto set our

4 marks and seals the ninth day of May One thousand seven hundred and eight-one. in the twenty first year of His Majesty's reign. The mark of Nanibizure a Chipeweigh Swan [L.S.] The mark of Paghquan a Missisaga Bear [L.S.] The mark of Wabicanine a Missisaga Eagle [L.S.] The mark of Minaghquat a Missisaga Duck [L.S.] Sealed and delivered in the presence of (The word (have) between the 7th & 8th lines, and the word (all) between the 18th & 19th lines, being first interlined,) as also the following words between the 15 & 16 Lines, Viz. or such a line as will pass at four miles West of the said Fall, in its course to said River. (Signed) ANDREW PARKE, Capt. in the King's or 8th Regt. WM. POTTS Capt. in the King's or 8th Regt. JOHN DEASE depy. Agent of Indian Affairs. ALEXR. MCKEE Depy. Agent of Indian Affairs. I certify that the above Instrument was fully explained to the Indians, and executed in my presence, and a consideration, amounting to about 300 suits of clothing given to them. Copied from an Original in the Council of Office. Endorsed 9th May, 1781 (sgd) G. JOHNSON. Col. & Superintendent

5 Document 3. The Royal Proclamation (1763) 1763, OCTOBER 7. BY THE KING. A Proclamation George r. Whereas We have taken into Our Royal Consideration the extensive and valuable Acquisitions in America, secured to Our Crown by the late Definitive Treaty of Peace, concluded at Paris the Tenth Day of February last, and being desirous, that all Our loving Subjects, as well of Our Kingdoms as of Our Colonies in America, may avail themselves, with all convenient Speed, of the great Benefits and Advantages which must accrue therefrom to their Commerce, Manufactures, and Navigation; We have thought fit, with the Advice of Our Privy Council, to issue this Our Royal Proclamation, hereby to publish and declare to all Our loving Subjects, that We have, with the Advice of Our said Privy Council, granted Our Letters Patent under Our Great Seal of Great Britain, to erect within the Countries and Islands ceded and confirmed to Us by the said Treaty, Four distinct and separate Governments, stiled and called by the Names of Quebec, East Florida, West Florida, and Grenada, and limited and bounded as follows; viz. First. The Government of Quebec, bounded on the Labrador Coast by the River St. John, and from thence by a Line drawn from the Head of that River through the Lake St. John to the South End of the Lake nigh Pissin; from whence the said Line crossing the River St. Lawrence and the Lake Champlain in Forty five Degrees of North Latitude, passes along the High Lands which divide the Rivers that empty themselves into the said River St. Lawrence, from those which fall into the Sea; and also along the North Coast of the Baye des Chaleurs, and the Coast of the Gulph of St. Lawrence to Cape Rosieres, and from thence crossing the Mouth of the River St. Lawrence by the West End of the Island of Antiocosti, terminates at the aforesaid River of St. John. Secondly. The Government of East Florida, bounded to the Westward by the Gulph of Mexico, and the Apalachicola River; to the Northward, by a Line drawn from that Part of the said River where the Chatahouchee and Flint Rivers meet, to the Source of St. Mary's River, and by the Course of the said River to the Atlantick Ocean; and to the Eastward and Southward, by the Atlantick Ocean, and the Gulph of Florida, including all Islands within Six Leagues of the Sea Coast. Thirdly. The Government of West Florida, bounded to the Southward by the Gulph of Mexico, including all Islands within Six Leagues of the Coast from the River Apalachicola to Lake Pentchartain; to the Westward, by the said Lake, the Lake

6 Mauripas, and the River Mississippi; to the Northward, by a Line drawn due East from that Part of the River Mississippi which lies in Thirty one Degrees North Latitude, to the River Apalachicola or Chatahouchee; and to the Eastward by the said River. Fourthly. The Government of Grenada, comprehending the Island of that Name, together with the Grenadines, and the Islands of Dominico, St. Vincents and Tobago. And, to the End that the open and free Fishery of Our Subjects may be extended to and carried on upon the Coast of Labrador and the adjacent Islands, We have thought fit, with the Advice of Our said Privy Council, to put all that Coast, from the River St. John's to Hudson's Straights, together with the Islands of Anticosti and Madelaine, and all other smaller Islands lying upon the said Coast, under the Care and Inspection of Our Governor of Newfoundland. We have also, with the Advice of Our Privy Council, thought fit to annex the Islands of St. John's, and Cape Breton or Isle Royale, with the lesser Islands adjacent thereto, to Our Government of Nova Scotia. We have also, with the Advice of Our Privy Council aforesaid, annexed to Our Province of Georgia all the Lands lying between the Rivers Attamaha and St. Mary's. And whereas it will greatly contribute to the speedy settling Our said new Governments, that Our loving Subjects should be informed of Our Paternal Care for the Security of the Liberties and Properties of those who are and shall become Inhabitants thereof; We have thought fit to publish and declare, by this Our Proclamation, that We have, in the Letters Patent under Our Great Seal of Great Britain, by which the said Governments are constituted, given express Power and Direction to Our Governors of Our said Colonies respectively, that so soon as the State and Circumstances of the said Colonies will admit thereof, they shall, with the Advice and Consent of the Members of Our Council, summon and call General Assemblies within the said Governments respectively, in such Manner and Form as is used and directed in those Colonies and Provinces in America, which are under Our immediate Government; and We have also given Power to the said Governors, with the Consent of Our said Councils, and the Representatives of the People, so to be summoned as aforesaid, to make, constitute, and ordain Laws, Statutes, and Ordinances for the Publick Peace, Welfare, and Good Government of Our said Colonies, and of the People and Inhabitants thereof, as near as may be agreeable to the Laws of England, and under such Regulations and Restrictions as are used in other Colonies: And in the mean Time, and until such Assemblies can be called as aforesaid, all Persons inhabiting in, or resorting to Our said Colonies, may confide in Our Royal Protection for the Enjoyment of the Benefit of the Laws of Our Realm of England; for which Purpose, We have given Power under Our Great Seal to the Governors of Our said Colonies respectively, to erect and constitute, with the Advice of Our said Councils respectively, Courts of Judicature and Publick Justice, within Our said Colonies, for the hearing and determining all Causes, as well Criminal as Civil, according to Law and Equity, and as near as may be agreeable to the Laws of England, with Liberty to all Persons who may

7 think themselves aggrieved by the Sentences of such Courts, in all Civil Cases, to appeal, under the usual Limitations and Restrictions, to Us in Our Privy Council. We have also thought fit, with the Advice of Our Privy Council as aforesaid, to give unto the Governors and Councils of Our said Three New Colonies upon the Continent, full Power and Authority to settle and agree with the Inhabitants of Our said New Colonies, or with any other Persons who shall resort thereto, for such Lands, Tenements, and Hereditaments, as are now, or hereafter shall be in Our Power to dispose of, and them to grant to any such Person or Persons, upon such Terms, and under such moderate Quit-Rents, Services, and Acknowledgements as have been appointed and settled in Our other Colonies, and under such other Conditions as shall appear to Us to be necessary and expedient for the Advantage of the Grantees, and the Improvement and Settlement of our said Colonies. And whereas We are desirous, upon all Occasions, to testify Our Royal Sense and Approbation of the Conduct and Bravery of the Officers and Soldiers of Our Armies, and to reward the same, We do hereby command and impower Our Governors of Our said Three New Colonies, and all other Our Governors of Our several Provinces on the Continent of North America, to grant, without Fee or Reward, to such Reduced Officers as have served in North America during the late War, and to such Private Soldiers as have been or shall be disbanded in America, and are actually residing there, and shall personally apply for the same, the following Quantities of Lands, subject at the Expiration of Ten Years to the same Quit-Rents as other Lands are subject to in the Province within which they are granted, as also subject to the same Conditions of Cultivation and Improvement; viz. To every Person having the Rank of a Field Officer, Five thousand Acres. To every Captain, Three thousand Acres. To every Subaltern or Staff Officer, Two thousand Acres. To every Non-Commission Officer, Two hundred Acres. To every Private Man, Fifty Acres. We do likewise authorize and require the Governors and Commanders in Chief of all Our said Colonies upon the Continent of North America, to grant the like Quantities of Land, and upon the same Conditions, to such Reduced Officers of Our Navy, of like Rank, as served on Board Our Ships of War in North America at the Times of the Reduction of Louisbourg and Quebec in the late War, and who shall personally apply to Our respective Governors for such Grants. And whereas it is just and reasonable, and essential to Our Interest and the Security of Our Colonies, that the several Nations or Tribes of Indians, with whom We are connected, and who live under Our Protection, should not be molested or disturbed in the Possession of such Parts of Our Dominions and Territories as, not having been ceded to, or purchased by Us, are reserved to them, or any of them, as their Hunting Grounds; We do therefore, with the Advice of Our Privy Council, declare it to be Our Royal Will and Pleasure, that no Governor or Commander in Chief in any of Our Colonies of Quebec, East Florida, or West Florida, do presume, upon any Pretence whatever, to grant Warrants of Survey, or pass any Patents for Lands beyond the

8 Bounds of their respective Governments, as described in their Commissions; as also, that no Governor or Commander in Chief in any of Our other Colonies or Plantations in America, do presume, for the present, and until Our further Pleasure be known, to grant Warrants of Survey, or pass Patents for any Lands beyond the Heads or Sources of any of the Rivers which fall into the Atlantick Ocean from the West and North-West, or upon any Lands whatever, which, not having been ceded to, or purchased by Us as aforesaid, are reserved to the said Indians, or any of them. And We do further declare it to be Our Royal Will and Pleasure, for the present as aforesaid, to reserve under Our Sovereignty, Protection, and Dominion, for the Use of the said Indians, all the Lands and Territories not included within the Limits of Our said Three New Governments, or within the Limits of the Territory granted to the Hudson's Bay Company, as also all the Lands and Territories lying to the Westward of the Sources of the Rivers which fall into the Sea from the West and North West, as aforesaid; and We do hereby strictly forbid, on Pain of Our Displeasure, all Our loving Subjects from making any Purchases or Settlements whatever, or taking Possession of any of the Lands above reserved, without Our especial Leave and Licence for that Purpose first obtained. And We do further strictly enjoin and require all Persons whatever, who have either wilfully or inadvertently seated themselves upon any Lands within the Countries above described, or upon any other Lands, which, not having been ceded to, or purchased by Us, are still reserved to the said Indians as aforesaid, forthwith to remove themselves from such Settlements. And whereas great Frauds and Abuses have been committed in the purchasing Lands of the Indians, to the great Prejudice of Our Interests, and to the great Dissatisfaction of the said Indians; in order therefore to prevent such Irregularities for the future, and to the End that the Indians may be convinced of Our Justice, and determined Resolution to remove all reasonable Cause of Discontent, We do, with the Advice of Our Privy Council, strictly enjoin and require, that no private Person do presume to make any Purchase from the said Indians of any Lands reserved to the said Indians, within those Parts of Our Colonies where We have thought proper to allow Settlement; but that if, at any Time, any of the said Indians should be inclined to dispose of the said Lands, that same shall be purchased only for Us, in Our Name, at some publick Meeting or Assembly of the said Indians to be held for that Purpose by the Governor or Commander in Chief of Our Colonies respectively, within which they shall lie: and in case they shall lie within the Limits of any Proprietary Government, they shall be purchased only for the Use and in the Name of such Proprietaries, conformable to such Directions and Instructions as We or they shall think proper to give for that Purpose: And We do, by the Advice of Our Privy Council, declare and enjoin, that the Trade with the said Indians shall be free and open to all our Subjects whatever; provided that every Person, who may incline to trade with the said Indians, do take out a Licence for carrying on such Trade from the Governor or Commander in Chief of any of Our Colonies respectively, where such Person shall reside; and also give Security to observe such Regulations as We shall at any Time think fit, by Ourselves or by Our

9 Commissaries to be appointed for this Purpose, to direct and appoint for the Benefit of the said Trade; And We do hereby authorize, enjoin, and require the Governors and Commanders in Chief of all Our Colonies respectively, as well Those under Our immediate Government as those under the Government and Direction of Proprietaries, to grant such Licences without Fee or Reward, taking especial Care to insert therein a Condition, that such Licence shall be void, and the Security forfeited, in Case the Person, to whom the same is granted, shall refuse or neglect to observe such Regulations as We shall think proper to prescribe as aforesaid. And We do further expressly enjoin and require all Officers whatever, as well Military as those employed in the Management and Direction of Indian Affairs within the Territories reserved as aforesaid for the Use of the said Indians, to seize and apprehend all Persons whatever, who, standing charged with Treasons, Misprisions of Treason, Murders, or other Felonies or Misdemeanours, shall fly from Justice, and take Refuge in the said Territory, and to send them under a proper Guard to the Colony where the Crime was committed of which they stand accused, in order to take their Tryal for the same. Given at Our Court at St. James's, the Seventh Day of October, One thousand seven hundred and sixty three, in the Third Year of Our Reign. God Save the King London: Printed by Mark Baskett, Printer to the King's most Excellent Majesty; and by the Assigns of Robert Baskett

10 Document 4. Treaty No. 8 To all to whom these presents may come, GREETINGS: WHEREAS we the Principal Chiefs, Warriors and People of the Mississague Nation of Indians being desirous for a certain consideration hereinafter mentioned of selling and disposing of a certain parcel or tract of Land, situate, lying and being at the head of Lake Ontario( as surveyed by Mr. Augustus Jones, Deputy Provincial Surveyor) unto His Britannic Majesty King George the Third, our Great Father. Now know ye, that we the said Principal Chiefs, Warriors and People of the Mississague Nation for an in consideration of the sum of seventy-five pounds two shillings and sixpence Quebec Currency value in goods estimated according to the Montreal price, now delivered to us, the receipt whereof we hereby acknowledge, Have given, granted, sold, disposed of and confirmed and by these presents do give, grant, sell, dispose o and confirm forever, unto William Clause, Esq., Superintendent of Indian Affairs, on behalf of his said Britannic Majesty King George the Third, his heirs and successors all that parcel of tract of land situate and lying as aforesaid. Beginning on the North Bank of Burlington Bay in the limit between the lands heretofore purchased from the Mississagues and the lands intended to be purchased from the Mississagues for Capt. Joseph Brant, that being the south-eastern angle of the Township of Flamborough east, then north forty-five degrees west along forty-five degrees east one hundred and twenty-chains more or less; then north fortyfive degrees east to the mouth of a small creek (which empties itself into Lake Ontario) called by the Indians Lamabinicon; then westerly along the shore of Lake Ontario to where the Sandy Beach (otherwise called the north neck) joins to the mainland; then along to eastern shore of the said Beach to the outlet from the Little Lake or Burlington Bay as aforesaid; and then north forty-five degrees west to the place of beginning, containing three thousand four hundred and fifty acres may there be more or less. To have and to hold the said parcel of tract of land together with all the woods and waters thereon situate lying and being to the said William Claus, Esq., Superintendent of Indiand Affairs, for and on behalf of His said Britannic Majesty King George the Third, His heirs and successors forever, free and clear of and from all claims,, rights, privileges or emoluments which we the said Chiefs, Warriors and people of the Mississague Nation might have before the execution of these presents and free and clear of any pretended claim which our children or descendants may hereafter make to the same. Hereby renouncing and forever absolving ourselves our children descendants and posterity of all titles to the said parcel of tract of land, the soil, woods and waters thereof in favour of the said William Claus, Esq., Superintendent of Indian Affairs, for and on behalf of His said Britannic Majesty, His heirs and successors forever. In Witness Whereof we have for ourselves and the rest of our nation, hereunto set our respective marks and seals this twenty-first day of August in the thirty-seventh year of the reign of the King George the third. Having first heard this instrument openly read and rehearsed in our own language and fully approved by ourselves and our Nation, and in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety-seven.

11 Present at the execution and delivery of this instrument and Witnesses thereto, ROBT. NELLES} GEORGE CHISHOLM} Commissioners on behalf of the Province of Upper Canada. HOWARD DOUGLAS, Lt. R.A. JOHN BRONHEAD, Lieut. 24 th Regt. W. JOHNSON CHEW, Indn. Dept. J.B. ROUSSEAUX, D.R.

12 Document 5. Manitoulin Island Treaty (1836) No. 45 MY CHILDREN: Seventy snow seasons have now passes away since we met in Council at the crooked place (Niagara), at which time and place your Great Father, the King, and the Indians of North America tied their hands together by the wampum of friendship. Since that period of various circumstances have occurred to separate from your Great Father many of his red children, and as an unavoidable increase of white population, as well as the progress of cultivation, have had the natural effect of impoverishing your hunting grounds it has become necessary that new arrangements should be entered into for the purpose of protecting you from the encroachment of the whites. In all parts of the word farmers seek for uncultivated land as eagerly as you, my red children, hunt in your forest for game. If you would cultivate your land it would then be considered your own property, in the same way as your dogs are considered among yourselves to belong to those who have reared them; but uncultivated land is like wild animals, and your Great Father, who has hitherto protected you, has now great difficulty in securing it for you from the whites, who are hunting to cultivate it. Under these circumstances, I have been obliged to consider what is best to be done for the red children of the forest, and I now tell you my thoughts. It appears that these islands on which we are now assembled in Council are, as well as all those on the north shore of Lake Huron, alike claimed by the English, the Ottawas, and the Chippewas. I consider that from the facilities and form their being surrounded by innumerable fishing island, they might be made a most desirable place of residence for many Indians who wish to be civilized, as well as to be totally separated from the whites; and I now tell you that your Great Father will withdraw his claim to these islands and allow them to be applied for that purpose. Are you, therefore, the Ottawas and Chippewas, willing to relinquish your respective claims to these islands and make them the property (under your Great Father's control) of all Indians whom he shall allow to reside on them; if so, affix your marks to this my proposal. MANTIWANING, 9 th August, F.B. HEAD, J.B. ASSEKINACK, MOKOMUNISH, (totem)

13 TAWACKKUCK, KIMEWEN, (totem) KITCHEMOKOMON, (totem) PESCIATAWICK, (totem) PAIMAUSEGAI, (totem) NAINAWMUTTEBE, (totem) MOSUNEKO, (totem) KEWUCKANCE, (totem) SHAWENAUSEWAY, (totem) ESPANIOLE, (totem) SNAKE, (totem) PAUTUNSEWAY, (totem) PAIMAUQUMESTCAM, (totem) WAGEMAUQUIN, (totem)