Exodus!! Lesson*#16* The*Ten*Commandments,*2 nd *Edi8on * (Exodus(34:(1 35)((

Transcription

1 Exodus Lesson*#16* The*Ten*Commandments,*2 nd *Edi8on * Exodus34:1 35)

2 Review InLesson#15MoseshasbeenonMt.SinaiwithGodforfortydaysandforty nights,duringwhichgmenoonehasheardfromeithermosesorgod.the IsraelitesconcludethatMosesisdeadandthatGodhasabandonedthem, perhapsrecallinghowgodluredtheegypgansintotheredsea,onlytokill themall.couldgodpossiblyhavedonethesamethingtotheisraelites, luringthemintothewilderness,onlytokillthem? Desperate,theIsraelitesturntoapowerfulandcompassionategodthey know,hathor,thenurturingmotherqgoddessofegypt,whosecenterof worshipis notcoincidently atserabitelqkahdim,notfarfrommt.sinai. ThereAaronsculptsagoldencalf,theiconofthegoddessHathor. AtopMt.SinaiGodtellsMoseswhatisgoingondownbelow,andhevowsto slayalltheisraelitesfortheirdisobedience.moses,inabrilliantandsubtle rhetoricalploy,talksgodoutofit.descendingmt.sinaitotheisraelite camp,moses,inhotanger,smashesthetabletsofthetencommandments andthen disciplines theisraelites,slaughtering3,000oftheirleaders.

3 Preview InLesson#16,aZerse[lingthescorewiththeleadersof the goldencalfrebellion, MosesascendsMt.Sinaionce againtoconferwithgod,whosaystohim: Cuttwo stonetabletsliketheformer,thatimaywriteonthem thewordswhichwereontheformertabletsthat*you* broke Exodus34:1). MosesthenrecommitshimselfandtheIsraelitestoGod s covenant,spendinganaddigonalfortydaysandforty nightsonmt.sinaiinanextraordinarilyingmate relagonshipwithgod.whenmosesdescendsthe mountainhis facehadbecomeradiant Exodus34:29).

4 The*Holy*Bible*with*Illustra8ons*by* Gustave*Doré.*London:Cassel,Pe[er,and Galpin,1866. The*Lord*said*to*Moses:** Cut*two* stone*tablets*like*the*former,*that* I*may*write*on*them*the*words* which*were*on*the*former*tablets* that*you*broke *34:1). AsthegreatmedievalFrenchrabbiRashi A.D.1040Q1105)saidinhiscommentary onthetanakh: Yousmashedthefirst ones,youcarvetheothers.

5 Get*ready*for*tomorrow*morning,*when*you*are*to*go*up* Mount*Sinai*and*there*present*yourself*to*me*on*the*top* of*the*mountain.**no*one*shall*come*up*with*you,*and*let* no*one*even*be*seen*on*any*part*of*the*mountain;*even* the*sheep*and*the*casle*are*not*to*graze*in*front*of*this* mountain 34:2Q3). ThiscommandmentrepeatstheinjuncGoninchapter19 toseparatethepeoplefrommt.sinaiwhengodgives thelaw,butthisgme inlightofthegoldencalfincident theseparagonistotal,withnoa[endantspresenton themountainasbefore.

6 ThisisHEAVY Moses*then*cut*two*stone* tablets*like*the*former,*and* early*the*next*morning*he*went* up*mount*sinai*as*the*lord*had* commanded*him,*taking*in*his* hand*the*two*stone* tablets *34:4).

7 So*the*Lord*passed*before*him*and*proclaimed:** The* Lord,*the*Lord,*a*God*gracious*and*merciful,*slow*to*anger* and*abounding*in*love*and*fidelity,*con8nuing*his*love*for* a*thousand*genera8ons,*and*forgiving*wickedness,* rebellion,*and*sin;*yet*not*declaring*the*guilty*guiltless* [ yethedoesnotwhollyacquit... ],*but*bringing* punishment*for*their*parents *wickedness*on*children*and* children s*children*to*the*third*and*fourth* genera8on 34:6Q7). Asinthe1 st commandment20:5q6),god smercyandloveextends tothethousandthgeneragon,buthispunishmenttothe3 rd and4 th generagon.here,theimplicagonisthatincaseswhereoffenders willfullypersistintheirwickedness,rebellionandsintheycannot expecttobefoundguiltless,forallofgod scompassion:godisa Godoflove,butheisalsoaGodofjusGce.

8 Yes,Lord,we aresgffqnecked, but... Moses,inaskillful rhetoricalmove, carefullyacknowledges God sjusgceandthe Israelites sgffqnecked wickednessandsin, whilepleadingforgod s mercy.

9 Prologue34:10Q11) SmallBookoftheCovenant 1. NocovenantsinCanaan12Q16) 2. Noidols17) 3. KeepPassover18) 4. Consecrate1 st born19q20a) 5. BringgiZs20b) 6. KeeptheSabbath21) 7. KeepFeastofWeeks[Pentecost]22Q24) 8. Noleaven25) 9. KeepFeastofIngathering[Tabernacles]26a) 10. Noboilingyounggoatinmother smilk26b) Epilogue34:27Q28)

10 SmallBookoftheCovenant Prologue34:10Q11) The*Lord*said:* Here*is*the*covenant*I*will*make.**Before*all*your* people*i*will*perform*marvels*never*before*done*in*any*na8on* anywhere*on*earth,*so*that*all*the*people*among*whom*you*live*may* see*the*work*of*the*lord.**awexinspiring*are*the*deeds*i*will*perform* with*you**as*for*you,*observe*what*i*am*commanding*you*today. * OZenreferredtoasthe SmallBookoftheCovenant, thematerialthatfollowsthe ProloguereplicatesmaterialfromtheBookoftheCovenant21Q23),aswellasfromthe TenCommandments20).ThisisnotavariantoftheDecalogue,asmanyofthe commandsarequitesecondary:e.g.,noleaveninsacrificesv.25);noboilingayoung goatinitsmother smilkv.26b).rather,the SmallBookoftheCovenant recallsthe fullerextentofgod scomprehensiveteachingfirstintroducedintheten CommandmentsandtheirapplicaGons,andlaterdevelopedthroughouttheTorah. The SmallBookoftheCovenant funcgonsmuchlikerepeagngthekeystructural notesofamusicalmogfinlatermovementsofa4qmovementsymphony,creagngboth cohesionandforwardmovement.

11 Prologue34:10Q11) SmallBookoftheCovenant 1. NocovenantsinCanaan12Q16) Take*care*not*to*make*a*covenant*with*the*inhabitants*of*the*land* that*you*are*to*enter;*lest*they*become*a*snare*among*you.**tear* down*their*altars;*smash*their*sacred*stones,*and*cut*down*their* asherahs.**you*shall*not*bow*down*to*any*other*god,*for*the*lord Jealous *his*name is*a*jealous*god*.*.*. * Inlightofthegoldencalfepisode,Godissuesasternwarningagainstanyinvolvement withotherculturesandtheirgods,commandingthattheisraelitesdestroytheirplaces ofworship,andimplicitlyforbiddingtheisraelitesfromhavinganypersonal relagonshipswiththeindigenouspeopleofcanaan.twicereferringtosuchpeople prosgtugng themselvestotheirgods[literally, whoringwith ],thecommand includesrawsexualimagery,portrayinggodasisrael sjealous husband or lover, imagerythatbothhoseaandjeremiahvividlydeveloplaterinscripture.

12 Prologue34:10Q11) SmallBookoftheCovenant 1. NocovenantsinCanaan12Q16) 2. Noidols17) You*shall*not*make*for*yourselves*molten*gods. * TheprohibiGonagainstmoltengodsresonatesdeeply,giventhe recentgoldencalfincident.

13 Prologue34:10Q11) SmallBookoftheCovenant 1. NocovenantsinCanaan12Q16) 2. Noidols17) 3. KeepPassover18) You*shall*keep*the*fes8val*of*Unleavened*Bread.*For*seven*days*at*the* appointed*8me*in*the*month*of*abib*you*are*to*eat*no*leavened*bread,* as*i*commanded*you;*for*in*the*month*of*abib*you*came*out*of*egypt. * Passoveristhe*greatarchetypicalactofredempGon,thepivotalevent injewishhistory,andasexodus12:14states,itistobecelebratedin perpetuity.throughachrisganinterpregvelens,passover foreshadowsthesacrificeofchristonthecrossandtheredempgonof allhumanity.

14 Prologue34:10Q11) SmallBookoftheCovenant 1. NocovenantsinCanaan12Q16) 2. Noidols17) 3. KeepPassover18) 4. Consecrate1 st born19q20a) To*me*belongs*every*male*that*opens*the*womb*among*all*your* livestock,*whether*in*the*herd*or*in*the*flock.**the*firstling*of*a*donkey* you*shall*redeem*with*a*lamb;*if*you*do*not*redeem*it,*you*must*break* its*neck.**the*firstborn*among*your*sons*you*shall*redeem. * Aswehavelearned,theEgypGanspracGcedconsecraGonofthefirstborntotheirgods, andbygodkillingallthefirstbornamongtheegypgansinthe10 th plague,hedeprives theegypgangodsofwhatisrighqullytheirs,u[erlydefeagngandplunderingthem.in Exodus13:1Q16GodinsGtutesthepracGcefortheIsraelites.

15 Prologue34:10Q11) SmallBookoftheCovenant 1. NocovenantsinCanaan12Q16) 2. Noidols17) 3. KeepPassover18) 4. Consecrate1 st born19q20a) 5. BringgiZs20b) No*one*shall*appear*before*me*emptyXhanded. * FirstcommandedinExodus23:15,theinjuncGonreflectsstandardsovereign/vassal protocol:whenalesserpersonappearsbeforeagreaterperson,thelesserperson bringsagiz.recallabrahamappearingbeforemelchizedek,kingofsalemandpriestof GodMostHigh.MelchizedekblessesAbraham,andAbrahaminreturngives Melchizedekatenthoftheplunderhetookfromthenorthernkingswhoa[acked SodomGenesis14:18Q20).

16 Prologue34:10Q11) KeeptheSabbath21) SmallBookoftheCovenant Six*days*you*may*labor,*but*on*the*seventh*day*you*shall*rest;*even* during*the*seasons*of*plowing*and*harves8ng*you*must*rest. * TheSabbathisfirstsetasideasadayofrestinGenesis2:2Q3;itis includedascommandment#4inthetencommandments;anditis reiteratedthroughoutscripture.here,theclause even*during*the* seasons*of*plowing*and*harves8ng providesaspecialemphasisfor thoselivinginanagrariansociety,sinceafarmermaybesorely temptedtobreakthesabbathduringtheurgencyofplowingand harvesgngintheagrariancycle.

17 Prologue34:10Q11) KeeptheSabbath21) SmallBookoftheCovenant 7. KeepFeastofWeeks[Pentecost]22Q24) You*shall*keep*the*feast*of*Weeks*[Pentecost]with*the*first*fruits*of*the* wheat*harvest,*likewise*the*feast*of*ingathering*[ Booths ortabernacles]at* the*close*of*the*year.**three*8mes*a*year*all*your*men*shall*appear*before*the* Lord,*the*Lord*God*of*Israel.**Since*I*will*drive*out*the*na8ons*before*you*and* enlarge*your*territory,*no*one*will*covet*your*land*when*you*go*up*three*8mes* a*year*to*appear*before*the*lord*your*god. * TheFeastofUnleavenedBread[Passover],theFeastofWeeks[Pentecost],andthe FeastofIngathering[Tabernacles]arepilgrimagefesGvals,agriculturalcelebraGonswith deepreligioussignificance:passoverrememberstheexodus;pentecostremembersthe givingofthelawatmt.sinai;andtabernaclesremembersthefortyyearsinthe wilderness.

18 Prologue34:10Q11) KeeptheSabbath21) SmallBookoftheCovenant 7. KeepFeastofWeeks[Pentecost]22Q24) 8. Noleaven25) You*shall*not*offer*me*the*blood*of*sacrifice*with*anything*leavened,* nor*shall*the*sacrifice*of*the*passover*feast*be*kept*overnight*for*the* next*day. * Leaven,asymboloremblemofsin,isstrictlyforbiddeninanysacrificetoGod, andthepassoverlambmustbeconsumedontheeveningofpassover anythinglezovermustbeburnedup,ascommandedinexodus12:10, reflecgngtheurgencyofleavingegyptthesamenight.

19 Prologue34:10Q11) KeeptheSabbath21) SmallBookoftheCovenant 7. KeepFeastofWeeks[Pentecost]22Q24) 8. Noleaven25) 9. KeepFeastofIngathering[Tabernacles]26a) The*choicest*first*fruits*of*your*soil*you*shall*bring*to*the*house*of*the* Lord,*your*God. * AsnopersonshallappearemptyQhandedbeforetheLord,soshalleachperson bringthe choicestfirstfruits ofthesoil.goddemandsourbest,notour lezoversseemalachi1:6q8).

20 Prologue34:10Q11) KeeptheSabbath21) SmallBookoftheCovenant 7. KeepFeastofWeeks[Pentecost]22Q24) 8. Noleaven25) 9. KeepFeastofIngathering[Tabernacles]26a) 10. Noboilingyounggoatinmother smilk26b) You*shall*not*boil*a*young*goat*in*its*mother s*milk. * AscommandedintheBookoftheCovenant23:19b),boilingayounggoatin itsmother smilkisfundamentallycruel,transformingamother snurturing milkintoababyanimal sinstrumentofdeath.thecommandisalsotheorigin ofseparagngmeatanddairyinthekosherfoodlawsoflaterjudaism.

21 Prologue34:10Q11)... Epilogue34:27Q28) SmallBookoftheCovenant ThentheLordsaidtoMoses: Writedownthesewords,forinaccordance withthesewordsihavemadeacovenantwithyouandwithisrael.so*moses* was*there*with*the*lord*for*forty*days*and*forty*nights,*without*ea8ng*any* food*or*drinking*any*water,andhewroteonthetabletsthewordsofthe covenant,thetenwords. WhatMosesinscribesonthetabletsiscalled words or commandments [Hebrew, devarim]forthefirstgme.significantly,whengodspoketomosesfromtheburning bushcommandinghimtoreturntoegypt,mosesobjectedsaying, I*am*slow*of*speech* and*tongue, literally: Iamamanwithoutwords[devarim]. HereMosesisaman withwords[devarim]inthehighestpossiblesense. Imbeddingwithinthisdiscourseon words MosesnoteaGngordrinkingfora formulaic fortydaysandfortynights highlightsmosesheroic,superhumaneffortson behalfoftheisraelites.

22 Michelangelo.Moses*marble),c St.PeterinChains,Rome. Moses,horned As*Moses*came*down*from*Mount*Sinai* with*the*two*tablets*of*the*covenant*in* his*hands,*he*did*not*know*that*the*skin* of*his*face*had*become*radiant*while*he* spoke*with*the*lord 34:29). TheHebrewwordqaran,*translatedaboveas radiant, hasthesenseofmoses facebeing luminous,metaphoricallyemiwngraysoflight.in thelagnvulgate,st.jeromefamouslytranslated qaran*as cornuta horned ),emphasizingthe metaphoricalsense.manyreadershowever, includingmichelangelo,read cornuta literally, resulgnginmosessporgngasetofhorns. Thisdivinefireorluminosityinone sfaceazer beinginthepresenceofgodiscapturedstylisgcally inotherworksasahalo.

23 QuesGonsfordiscussionandthought ** 1. Chapter34openswithacomictouch.Why? 2. AZerthegoldencalfincidentGoddistanceshimselffromhis people.howdoesournarragveaccomplishthis? 3. Godisfrighteninglyseriousinhisresponsetothegoldencalf incident,emphasizingthatalthoughagodofmercyand aboundinginlove,hewillnotforgivethosewhowillfullyand persistentlysin.howdoesmosesusegod sveryclear statementinconvincinggodtopardontheisraelites,exactly whathesaidhewon tdo? 4. Howdoesthe SmallBookoftheCovenant funcgoninthis secgonofscripture?whydoesitoccupysomuchofchapter 34? 5. WhydoesMosesveilhimselfwhenhefinishesspeakingtothe Israelites?

24 Copyright 2014byWilliamC.Creasy All rights reserved. No part of this course audio, video, photography, maps, Gmelines or other media may be reproducedortransmi[edinanyformbyanymeans,electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any informagon storage or retrieval devices without permission in wrigngoralicensingagreementfromthecopyrightholder.