Lesson&#5& Prelude&to&Ministry& (3:&1& &4:&13)&

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1 Lesson&#5& Prelude&to&Ministry& (3:&1& &4:&13)& 1"

2 With%John s%birth%in%chapter%1,%we%moved%seamlessly%to%jesus % birth%in%chapter%2.%%as%lesson%#4%opened,%luke%set%the%scene,% both%historically%and%geographically.%%historically,%the%scene% opened%when%caesar%augustus%(in%rome)%issued%a%decree%that% a%census%be%taken%of%the%enhre%roman.%%% Consequently,%Mary%and%Joseph%made%their%way%100%miles% south%from%nazareth%to%bethlehem,%joseph s%ancestral%home% and%the%town%of%david,%where%jesus%will%was%born,%fulfilling% the%prophecy%of%micah%5:%1s2.%%% 2"

3 As%we%enter%Lesson%#5%Jesus%is% about&thirty&years&of&age %(3:%23).%% Eighteen%years%have%flashed%by%between%the%closing%of%chapter%2%and% the%opening%of%chapter%3,%eighteen%years%during%which%jesus%grew%up%in% Nazareth.%%% As%chapter%3%opens,%Luke%again%anchors%his%narraHve%in%historical%Hme% and%place,%creahng%verisimilitude:%% In&the&fiBeenth&year&of&the&reign&of& Tiberius&Caesar,&when&PonGus&Pilate&was&governor&of&Judea,&and&Herod& was&tetrarch&of&galilee,&and&his&brother&philip&tetrarch&of&the&region&of& Ituraea&and&TrachoniGs,&and&Lysanias&was&tetrarch&of&Abilene,&during& the&high&priesthood&of&annas&and&caiaphas&.&.&. &(3:%1S2):%%it%is%now%A.D.% 27S29.% 3"

4 As%Luke%anchored%the%birth% of%john%the%baphst%(1:%5)% and%jesus%(2:%1s2)%in% historical%hme,%so%does%he% anchor%the%public%ministries% of%john%and%jesus%(3:%1s2)%in% historical%hme,%establishing% the%narrahve s%sense%of% verisimilitude.%% 4"

5 Tiberius%Caesar%succeeded%Augustus%as%emperor%in% L;% A.D.%14,%and%he%reigned%unHl%his%death%in%A.D.%37,%the% enhre%period%of%jesus %adult%life.%% PonHus%Pilate%was%prefect%of%Judea%from%A.D.%26%to% 36.% Herod%AnHpas,%the%son%of%Herod%the%Great%(37%S4% B.C.),%ruled%over%Galilee%and%Perea%from%4%B.C.%to%A.D.% 39,%Jesus%enHre%lifeHme.% Philip,%the%brother%of%Herod%AnHpas,%ruled%over%the% territory%north%and%east%of%the%sea%of%galilee%from%4% B.C.%to%A.D.%34,%Jesus%enHre%lifeHme.% Lysanias%is%menHoned%as%tetrarch%of%Abilene,%but% nothing%else%is%known%about%him.%% Annas%was%high%priest%from%A.D.%6S15.%%He%was% deposed%by%the%roman%government%in%a.d.%15%and% succeeded%by%his%sonsinslaw,%caiaphas,%who%was%high% priest%from%a.d.%18s36.% 5"

6 We%then%focus%directly% on%john%himself%and%on% his%message:% 6"

7 He went throughout the whole region of the Jordan, proclaiming a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins, as it is written in the book of the words of the prophet Isaiah: A voice of one crying out in the desert: Prepare the way of the Lord, make straight his paths. Every valley shall be filled and every mountain and hill shall be made low. The winding roads shall be made straight, and all flesh shall see the salvation of God. (3: 3-6) 7"

8 Israel% Jordan% Jericho!" 5"miles"to" Jordan"River;" 8"miles"to" Qumran" Jordan%!% River% "John%bapHzing%here.% Qumran!% Home"of"the" Dead"Sea"" Scrolls" Dead%Sea% The%scene%takes%place%on%the%east%bank%of%the%Jordan%River,%opposite%Jericho.% 8"

9 Significantly,%John s%message and%the%quote%from%isaiah%40:% 3S5 is%the%exact%message%being% proclaimed%in%the%community& Rule&of%the%Essenes%at%Qumran:% When&these&things&shall&come&to&pass&in& the&community&of&israel,&according&to&these& rules,&they&shall&withdraw&from&the&city&of& the&men&of&iniquity&[i.e.,%jerusalem]%to&go& into&the&wilderness&to&clear&the&way&of&the& Lord&as&it&is&wriTen:&&In&the&wilderness&clear& the&way&of&the&lord,&make&level&in&the& desert&a&highway&for&our&god. & % % % % %(1QS%8:%%12S15)% 9"

10 Dead%Sea%Scrolls,% Community%Rule, %Qumran.%%Israel%Museum,%Jerusalem.% Photography&by&Ana&Maria&Vargas& 10"

11 It%seems%quite%likely%that% John%the%BapHst and% perhaps%jesus,%as%well were%influenced%by%essene% Not%me.%% thinking.%" I%wonder%if%John% was%part%of%the% community%at% Qumran?% 11"

12 L;% The%Essenes%were%one%of%four%major%divisions% in%judaism%at%the%hme%of%jesus:%%sadducees,% Pharisees,%Essenes%and%Zealots.% Essenes% The%Essenes%were%a%separaHst%group,%highly%criHcal% of%the%sadducees%and%to%a%lesser%degree%crihcal%of% the%pharisees.%%they%are%first%menhoned%by%pliny% the%elder%(a.d.%23s79)%in%his%natural&history,& where%he%writes%that%they%do%not%marry%and% possess%no%money.% Josephus%(A.D.%37S95)%discusses%the%Essenes%in% greater%detail%in%his%history&of&the&jewish&war,% where%he%says%they%are%celibate;%have%no% possessions;%live%in%community;%%prachce%extreme% forms%of%ascehcism,%including&frequent&ritual& immersion;%await%the% coming%of%the%righteous% one ;%and%have%a%decidedly%apocalyphc%vision%of% the%future.% 12"

13 L;% Cleansing%one s%self%by%ritual%immersion%dates% back%to%the%purificahon%laws%in%levihcus.%% Scripture%presents%many%examples:%% 1. A%man%or%woman%with%a%bodily%discharge%must% wait%seven%days%and%then%cleanse%him/her%self% by%immersion%in% living%water %(LeviHcus%15);% 2. In%the%David%&%Bathsheba%story,%when%David% sees%bathsheba& she&had&been&purifying& herself&from&her&monthly&uncleanness %(2% Samuel%11);% 3. The%prophet%Elisha%tells%Naaman,%the% commander%of%aram s%military,%to%dip%himself% seven%hmes%in%the%jordan%to%cleanse%himself%of% leprosy%(2%kings%5);% 4. Jesus%tells%the%leper%he%cures%to%present%himself% to%the%priest%and%offer%the%gio%prescribed,% which%includes%ritual%immersion.%(luke%5:% 12S16).% 13"

14 L;% Ritual%immersion%at%Qumran,%however,%went% considerably%beyond%the%scriptural% prescriphons.%%ceremonial%purificahon%was%an% integral%part%of%community%life%among%the% Essenes,%as%indicated%by%the% Community% Rule. % Ritual%immersion%was%used%for:% 1. IniHaHon% 2. Annual%renewal% 3. Daily%purificaHon% 14"

15 Qumran,%where%the%Dead%Sea%Scrolls%were%discovered%in%1946/47.%% This%is%Cave%#4.% Photography&by&Ana&Maria&Vargas& 15"

16 The% Scriptorium %of%qumran,%where%the%dead%sea%scrolls%were%copied.% Photography&by&Ana&Maria&Vargas& 16"

17 The%Essenes%pracHced%ritual%immersion%in%a%Mikevh,%or%ritual%bath.%% There%were%ten&mikva ot%at%qumran.% Photography&by&Ana&Maria&Vargas& 17"

18 This%is%a%Mikevh%at%Masada,%Israel.% Photography&by&Ana&Maria&Vargas& 18"

19 L;% John%the%BapHst%took%ritual%immersion% even%further%than%ritual%purificahon,% however.%%john s%baphsm%was%an% inigagon&rite,%requiring%a%candidate:% 1. to%reflect%upon%the%condihon%of%his%soul;% 2. to%feel%remorse%for%his%sins;% 3. to%confess%his%sins;% 4. to%repent%of%his%sins;% 5. to%show%the%fruits%of%his%repentance;%% 6. to%prepare%for%the%coming%of%the% Righteous%One, %[e.g.,%christ];%and% 7. to%be%incorporated%into%the%covenant% community%by%being%baphzed,%fully% immersed%in%water%(greek,%baptizo&=% to% dip ).% 19"

20 John%is%bapHzing%people%on%the% east%side%of%the%jordan%river,% opposite%jericho,%and%he%has%a% fiery%message!% Read%Luke%3:%7S20.% 20"

21 Masa%PreH.%%St.&John&the&BapGst&Preaching&(oil%on%canvas),%1665.% Fine%Arts%Museums%of%San%Francisco.% 21"

22 Herod s%fortresses% Herodium%!% "%Machaerus% Hedium% Masada%!% Masada%% 22"

23 Archaeological%excavaHons%on%the%top%of% Machaerus.% Tel%of%Machaerus,%located%in%Jordan,% 15%miles%southeast%of%the%Jordan%River,% as%it%emphes%into%the%dead%sea.%%% 23"

24 Luke s%gospel%presents%a% very%brief%version%of%jesus % baphsm.% Read%Luke%3:%21S22.% 24"

25 After all the people had been baptized and Jesus also had been baptized and was praying, heaven opened and the holy Spirit descended upon him in bodily form like a dove. And a voice came from heaven, You are my beloved Son; with you I am well pleased. (3: 21-22) 25"

26 Andrea%del%Verrocchio%and%Leonardo%da%Vinci.%%The&BapGsm&of&Christ& (oil%on%panel),%c.%1475.%%uffizi%gallery,%florence.% 26"

27 Israel% Jordan% Jericho!" 5"miles"to" Jordan"River;" 8"miles"to" Qumran" Jordan%!% River% "Jesus %baphsm%here.% Qumran!% Home"of"the" Dead"Sea"" Scrolls" Dead%Sea% Jesus %baphsm%takes%place%on%the%east%bank%of%the%jordan%river,%opposite%jericho.% 27"

28 Standing&on&the&east&bank&of&the&Jordan&River&as&it&flows&south&into&the&Dead&Sea.&& Photography&by&Ana&Maria&Vargas& 28"

29 ModernSday%bapHsmal%site%in%Jordan,%the%tradiHonal%site%of%Jesus %baphsm.%% Photography&by&Ana&Maria&Vargas& 29"

30 Walking%to%a%very%nice%teaching%site%near%John%the%BapHst s% spring. %% Photography&by&Ana&Maria&Vargas& 30"

31 Dr.%Creasy%teaching%about%Jesus %baphsm%onsite.%% Photography&by&Ana&Maria&Vargas& 31"

32 Jordan%is%famous%for%its%mosaics,%and%this%one%rests%where%Jesus%was%bapHzed.%% Photography&by&Ana&Maria&Vargas& 32"

33 NoHce%the%mosaic s%similarihes%with%the%del%verrocchio/da%vinci%% BapGsm&of&Christ&that%we%saw%earlier.% 33"

34 Aoer%Jesus %baphsm,%but%before%his% temptahon,%luke s%gospel%inserts% Jesus %genealogy,%one%very%different% from%maxhew s.%%% Recall%that%Maxhew%begins%his%gospel%with% a%3spart%genealogy:% 1. %Abraham%to%David%% 2. David%to%the%Babylonian%capHvity;%and% 3. the%babylonian%caphvity%to%christ.%%% Moving%from%Abraham%through%David%and% the%kings%of%judah%emphasizes%jesus %linear% descent%from%abraham%and%establishes%his% claim%to%jewish%kingship.%% 34"

35 Luke,%however,%begins%his% genealogy%with%jesus,%and%he%works% backward,%ending%not%with% Abraham,%but%with%Adam and% ulhmately,%with%god!%%in%doing%so,% Luke%emphasizes%Jesus %kinship% with%all%of%humanity,%not%just%with% the%jewish%kingship,%leading%to%the% universality%of%the%gospel%message.% Maxhew%and%Luke%present% genealogies%that%are%similar%in% some%ways,%but%radically%different% in%others.% 35"

36 L;% Overall% Maxhew s%list%descends&from% Abraham%to%Jesus%and%uses%the% formula% A%was%the%father%of%B;%B%was% the%father%of%c. %% * %% Luke s%list%ascends&from%jesus%through% Adam%to%God%and%uses%the%formula% A,% (son)%of%b,%(son)%of%c. %%% Since%Luke s%genealogy%extends% beyond%abraham%to%adam%and%to%god,% his%list%is%naturally%longer,%77%names% compared%to%maxhew s%41.% 36"

37 L;% PreSmonarchical%Period%% (c.%2100%b.c.%s%1010%b.c.)% During%the%period%between%Abraham% and%david,%maxhew%and%luke%agree,% although%some%manuscripts%of%luke% place%arni%and%admin%between%hezron% and%amminadab,%while%maxhew%has% only%ram.% 37"

38 L;% Monarchical%Period%% (1010%B.C.%S%586%B.C.)% During%the%period%between%David%and% the%babylonian%caphvity%the%lists%are% totally%different,%agreeing%only%on% David.%%Luke%lists%21%names,%Maxhew% 15.%%Of%the%21%listed%by%Luke,%only% David%and%Nathan%occur%in%the%Hebrew% Scriptures.% 38"

39 L;% PostSmonarchical%Period%% (586%B.C%S%6/5%B.C.)% During%the%period%from%the%Babylonian% caphvity%to%the%birth%of%jesus,%luke% lists%22%names,%maxhew%13.%%% The%lists%only%agree%on%the%first%two% and%last%two%names%(shealhel%and% Zerubbabel/Joseph%and%Jesus).%%These% four%are%the%only%names%for%which% there%is%any%biblical%informahon.%%the% others%do%not%occur%anywhere%in%the% Hebrew%Scriptures.% 39"

40 NoHce%the%major%differences.%%% Since%Luke%emphasizes%Jesus %relahonship% to%the%enhre%human%family,%he%naturally% extends%his%genealogy%back%to%adam and,% indeed,%to%god,%reinforcing%the%voice%from% heaven s%claim%at%jesus %baphsm%that%he%is% the%son%of%god%(luke%3:%22).%%% Since%Maxhew%emphasizes%Jesus %Jewish% roots,%he%begins%with%abraham.%%from% Abraham%to%David,%Maxhew%and%Luke% agree.%but%at%david%the%lists%separate.%%% 40"

41 Maxhew%traces%Jesus %descent%through% Solomon,%David s%son%to%bathsheba%and% heir%to%his%throne;%luke%traces%it%through% Nathan,%one%of%four%sons%born%to%him%by% Bathsheba%(the%four%sons%were%Shimea,% Shobab,%Nathan%and%Solomon).%% (1%Chronicles%3:%5).%% The%lists%converge%again%in%the%postS monarchical%period%with%shealhel%and% Zerubbabel,%and%then%they%separate%again.% The%most%glaring%difference%is%with%Jesus % grandfather:%%maxhew%lists%him%as%jacob,% while%luke%lists%him%as%heil.%% 41"

42 Holy%cow,%this%is% complicated!%%" Not%me.%% I m%gesng%a% headache!%%%i%think% I ll%chew%on%a%bone.% 42"

43 Two%explanaHons%have%been%offered%to% explain%the%differences%in%the% genealogies:%%% 1. both%maxhew%and%luke%present% Joseph s%genealogy,%but%there%was%a% levirate%marriage%at%one%or%more% points%in%the%line,%and;%% 2. Maxhew%gives%Joseph s%lineage,% while%luke%gives%mary s.%% Frankly,%neither%argument%is%very% convincing;%both%contain%daunhng% complexihes%and%glaring%weaknesses.%% Untangling%the%two%makes%untying%the% Gordian%Knot%look%easy%by%comparison!% 43"

44 Complexity%need%not%imply% error,%however.%%% More%likely,%the%twin% genealogies%offer%different% perspechves%on%jesus % ancestors,%each%composed% for%its%own%purpose%within% the%narrahve%framework.%% 44"

45 Onward%to%the% temptahon!% Luke 45"

46 Boscelli.%%The&TemptaGons&of&Christ&(fresco),%1481S1482.%%% SisHne%Chapel,%VaHcan.% 46"

47 Jericho%!% "%Jesus %baphsm% Judean%wilderness% 47"

48 The%Judean%wilderness,%place%of%Jesus %temptahon.% Photography&by&Ana&Maria&Vargas& 48"

49 Simon%Bening.%% Command&this&stone&to&become&bread &(illuminahon),%16 th %century.%%% 49"

50 The&TemptaGons&of&Christ &[ kingdoms%of%the%earth, %center]&(mosaic),%12 th %century.% St.%Mark s%cathedral,%venice.%%% 50"

51 Pinnacle&of&the&Temple &(tempera%on%wood),%1308s1311.% Museo%dell Opera%del%Duomo,%Florence.%%% 51"

52 Eastern%Wall% The%Temple%in%Jesus %day,%as%he%would%have%seen%it%from%the%mt.%of%olives.% (1.50&scale&model&of&1 st ]century&jerusalem,&israel&museum.)% Photography&by&Ana&Maria&Vargas& 52"

53 Place%of%TrumpeHng%!% ( pinnacle%of%the%temple )% Southern%wall%% Southern%side%of%the%Temple.% Photography&by&Ana&Maria&Vargas& 53"

54 Southwestern%corner%!% Stones%that%fell%from%the%Temple%when%it%was%destroyed%in%A.D.%70.% Photography&by&Ana&Maria&Vargas& 54"

55 The% Pinnacle%stone %that%fell%from%the%top%of%the%southwest%corner%[replica].% Photography&by&Ana&Maria&Vargas& 55"

56 Original% pinnacle%stone. %The%inscripHon%reads,% Place%of%trumpeHng. % Israel%Museum,%Jerusalem.% Photography&by&Ana&Maria&Vargas& 56"

57 TiHan.%%Adam&and&Eve&(oil%on%canvas),&1550.% Prado%Museum,%Madrid.% Duccio%di%Buoninsegna.%%The&TemptaGon&of&Christ&(tempera% on%panel),%1308s1311.%%% The%Frick%CollecHon,%New%York.% 57"

58 NoHce%the%parallels%between%the% temptahons%of%adam%&%eve% (Genesis%3:%1S7)%and%those%of%Christ% (Luke%4:%1S13):% Adam%&%Eve% 1. Good%for%food% 2. Pleasing%to%the%eye% 3. Gaining%wisdom% Christ% 1. Stones%to%bread% 2. Throw%yourself%down% 3. Kingdoms%of%the%world% 58"

59 1. John%the%BapHst%may%have%been%influenced%by% the%thinking%of%the%essene%community%at% Qumran.%%What%evidence%suggests%this?%%% 2. What%was%the%purpose%of%John s%message%and% of%his%baphzing%people?% 3. Can%you%reconcile%Jesus %two%different% genealogies,%one%in%maxhew%and%a%different% one%in%luke?%%if%so,%how?% 4. Why%does%Maxhew%open%his%gospel%with%a% genealogy%and%luke%places%his%between% Jesus %baphsm%and%temptahon?% 5. How%many%temptaHons%did%Jesus%suffer% during%his%40%days%in%the%wilderness?% 59"

60 Copyright% %2015%by%William%C.%Creasy% % All% rights% reserved.% No% part% of% this% course audio,% video,% photography,% maps,% Hmelines% or% other% media may% be% reproduced%or%transmixed%in%any%form%by%any%means,%electronic% or% mechanical,% including% photocopying,% recording% or% by% any% informahon% storage% or% retrieval% devices% without% permission% in% wrihng%or%a%licensing%agreement%from%the%copyright%holder.% 60"

Lesson&#4& Infancy&Narra0ve,&Part&2& (2:&1952)& Infancy"Narra+ve,"Part"2"

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