Panorama of the Bible

Transcription

1 Panorama of the Bible A Broad Overview to the Scriptures (Name) (Phone)

2 Preface Welcome to a unique, innovative approach to grasping the broad overview of the Scriptures. Panorama of the Bible is designed to bring breadth (not depth) to one s comprehensive grasp of the whole of the Bible. The key to the study is the Panorama Timeline. If the student will invest time in the mastery of this basic flow, all future Biblical studies (of any depth or breadth) will easily fit into this hardy, scriptural framework. It is unquestionably the glue that holds this study together. It has been my pleasure to teach Panorama for over thirty years. It began as a thesis, became an academic course and now has been revised to a twelve session overview to the whole of Scripture. Former students have appreciated the approach and the end-value of this class. I trust you will also join their number. For me this class is further application to my life-verse from Ezra 7:10: For Ezra had set his heart to study the law of the Lord and to practice it and to teach His statutes and ordinances in Israel. Study. Practice. Teach. May we all set our hearts to such a pursuit as this. Robert V. Cupp BiLD Training Center Summer, 2011 Panorama one-hour sessions Panorama two-hour sessions 2

3 How To Maximize the Greatest Value of Panorama 1. Attend all 12 sessions; do as many of the readings as you can. 2. Focus on the mastery of the Timeline ; it is the key to this study. 3. Teach another person the basic Timeline each week. This suggested assignment will reinforce and establish your understanding of the Bible s basic flow (i.e. the Timeline ) 4. Review the material as often as you can. Let the Timeline become your skeletal framework for a lifetime of studying the Scriptures. 3

4 Panorama Of The Bible 12 Key Movements 1. Prologue Movement Genesis 1-11 Biblical Books 2. Patriarchs Genesis 12-50; Job 3. Redemption and Wanderings 4. Conquest Exodus - Leviticus - Numbers - Deuteronomy Joshua 5. Apostasy Judges; Ruth 6. Kingship: United Monarchy 7. Kingship: Divided Monarchy 8. Exile 1-2 Samuel; 1 Kings 1-11 (Pss, Prov, Eccl, Song of Solomon) 1 Kings 12-22; 2 Kings (Prophets - selected) Daniel; Ezekiel (Jeremiah) 9. Return from Exile and 400 silent years 10. Life of Christ Ezra; Nehemiah; Esther (Haggai - Zechariah - Malachi) Matthew - Mark - Luke - John 11. Church Age Acts and Epistles 12. Final Consummation Revelation (Daniel) 4

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6 TIMELINE 6 #1 PROLOGUE (Genesis 1-11)... God Universe Angels Man Fall Flood Tower Psalm 90:2 Genesis 1:1 Unfallen/Fallen Adam/Eve Serpent Noah Nimrod Temptation #2 PATRIARCHS (Genesis 12-50; Job)... Abram/Abraham Isaac Jacob/Israel Joseph... Faith Peace Cunning Character #3 REDEMPTION (Exodus, Leviticus) Bondage Moses Pharaoh 10 Plagues Exodus Event Sinai Event Tabernacle Event Egypt 5 Excuses Who? Passover Salvation Word Worship AND WANDERING (Numbers, Deuteronomy)... Preparation Departure Rebellion Wandering Plains of Moab zzz Census Numbers 10:11 Kadesh-Barnea 40 Years Moses dies Cleansing (12 spies)... #4 CONQUEST (Joshua)... Joshua Rahab Enter Conquer Possess Joshua s Address... Strong Spies Gilgal Central Tribal Allotments Choose Today Courageous Jericho Southern Northern R # 5 APOSTASY (Judges, Ruth) R R R Incomplete Conquest Sin Cycle Major ( 6 ) Book of Ruth... R R... did not drive out Judges 2 Rest, Rebellion, Minor ( 6 ) in the days of the judges Retribution, Repentance, Restoration, Rest

7 #6 KINGSHIP: UNITED MONARCHY (1-2 Samuel, 1 Kings 1-11) Eli Samuel Saul David Solomon 931 BC Wicked Sons Prophet Jonathon Bathsheba Wisdom Death of Solomon Priest (Pss.) (Pss., Prov., Eccl., S. of S.) Judge #7 KINGSHIP: DIVIDED MONARCHY (1 Kings 12-22, 2 Kings) 722 BC Assyrian Captivity eg. Ahab, Joram ISRAEL Jeroboam I 19 Kings (all bad) 931 BC The Prophets BC Death of Solomon Babylonian Captivity JUDAH Rehoboam (Solomon s Son) eg Hezekiah, Manasseh 19 Kings 1 Queen (most bad, some good) #8 EXILE Exile 515 BC (516) 539 BC 605, 597, 586, 581 BC... Length = 70 Years (Jer. 25, 29) Empires = Babylon, Medo-Persian Prophets = Ezekiel & Daniel (Jeremiah)... Rebuilding the Temple Cyrus captures Babylon Babylonian deportations 7

8 8 #9 RETURN SILENT YEARS (Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther)... (End of Old Testament) Haggai Zechariah Malachi Zerubbabel Ezra Nehemiah... Rebuild Temple Rebuild People Rebuild Walls Persians Greeks Hebrew Independence Romans (Between the Testaments) #10 LIFE OF CHRIST (Gospels) (Popularity) Betrayal, Arrest, Trials 3-4 yrs. Triumphal... Upper Room Entry (Obscurity) (Opposition) Zechariah Joseph Baptism Temptations... (Zech. 9:9)(Jn ) Elizabeth Mary ( 30) Satan Resurrection Ascension Great Commission... (Matt. 28) Appearances... (1 Cor. 15)

9 #11 CHURCH AGE (Acts, Epistles) Transition Paul in Rome... Church Age Begins: Witnessing in Remotest Parts Witnessing in Judea/Samaria Witnessing in Jerusalem Day of Pentecost... (Acts 1) (Acts 2) (Acts 2-7) (Acts 8-12) (Acts 13-28) (Acts 28) Epistles (Letters) 13...Paul 8...General 1...Apocalyptic Paul Missionary Journey #1 (13-14) Jerusalem Council (15) Missionary Journey #2 (15-18) Missionary Journey #3 (18-21) #12 FINAL CONSUMMATION (Revelation / Daniel) New Heavens & Earth Great White Throne Rapture Return Eternity ??... CHURCH (NT) ISRAEL (OT)... Tribulation (Pre-Trib / Pre-Mil View) OR... Compare other views: Pre-millennial views (3 others) Amillennial Post-millennial 9

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11 SESSION 1 PANORAMA Movement #1 Prologue S 1 I. PRAYER / PURPOSE II. ARCHITECTURE OF THE BIBLE A. English Bible OLD TESTAMENT - 39 NARRATIVE - 17 POETRY - 5 PROPHECY - 17 Torah (5) History (12) Experience Wisdom Major (5) Minor (12) NEW TESTAMENT - 27 NARRATIVE - 5 EPISTOLARY - 21 APOCALYPTIC - 1 Gospels (4) Acts (1) Pauline (13) General (8) Revelation (1) (Daniel) 11

12 B. Hebrew Bible Torah Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy Nebi im Joshua Judges - Ruth Samuel Kings Isaiah Jeremiah - Lamentations Ezekiel The Twelve (minor prophets) Kethub im Psalms Proverbs Song of Songs Ruth (if not with Judges) Lamentations (if not with Jeremiah) Ecclesiastes Esther Daniel Ezra - Nehemiah Chronicles LAW PROPHETS WRITINGS 12

13 III. TWELVE MOVEMENTS THROUGH THE BIBLE S 1 Refer to Panorama: 12 Key Movements (before Tab 1) IV. MAP BOARD: THE LAND Refer to Map (before Tab 1) V. MOVEMENT 1 (OF 12): PROLOGUE OVERVIEW A. See Supplemental Material ( A Walk Thru Genesis ) * Note the section for Genesis 1-11 B. Key Scripture: Genesis 1-11 CREATION FALL FLOOD TOWER Genealogies 13

14 VI. MOVEMENT 1: PROLOGUE (BIBLICAL DEVELOPMENT) A. The Four Beginnings (GUAM) 1. God a. Psalm 90:2 (NIV) Before the mountains were born or you brought forth the earth and the world, from everlasting to everlasting you are God. b. I Kings 8:27 (NIV) But will God really dwell on earth? The heavens, even the highest heaven, cannot contain you. Classical Arguments for the Existence of God 1. Cosmological 2. Teleological 3. Moral 4. Ontological * These arguments do not prove the existence of God (faith; cf. Heb. 11:3), but the reasonableness of faith in God. 14

15 2. Universe a. Genesis 1:1 (NIV) S 1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. b. Other verses of note: * Job 38:4-7 Where were you when I laid the earth s foundation? Tell me, if you understand. Who marked off its dimensions? Surely you know! Who stretched a measuring line across it? On what were its footings set, or who laid its cornerstone while the morning stars sang together and all the angels shouted for joy? * Isa. 42:5; 45:18 This is what God the LORD says he who created the heavens and stretched them out, who spread out the earth and all that comes out of it, who gives breath to its people, and life to those who walk on it: Isa. 42:5 For this is what the LORD says he who created the heavens, he is God; he who fashioned and made the earth, he founded it; he did not create it to be empty, but formed it to be inhabited he says: I am the LORD, and there is no other. Isa. 45:18 * John 1:1-5; Col. 1:15-17 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was with God in the beginning. Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made. In him was life, and that life was the light of men. The light shines in the darkness, but the darkness has not understood it. John 1:1-5 15

16 He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation. For by him all things were created: things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or powers or rulers or authorities; all things were created by him and for him. He is before all things, and in him all things hold together. Col. 1:15-17 c. Revelation 4:11 (NIV) You are worthy, our Lord and God, to receive glory and honor and power, for you created all things, and by your will they were created and have their being. 1. Atheistic Evolution 2. Theistic Evolution Theories of Creation 3. Day-age Creationism (old earth) hour Day Creationism (young earth) 5. Historical (Textual) Creationism 16

17 3. Angels a. Date of their creation: unknown S 1 b. Definition of angels *...created, spiritual beings with moral judgment and intelligence, but without physical bodies. (Grudem, S.T., 397) * Greek: angelos = messenger (one sent to speak for) Hebrew: malak = messenger (human or divine) c. Classifications * Unfallen * Fallen (Confined Demons and Active Demons) d. Angelic Conflict * Double fulfillment and the prophecies of: Isa. 14:12-14 (NASB) How you have fallen from heaven, O morning star, son of the dawn! You have been cast down to the earth, you who once laid low the nations! You said in your heart, I will ascend to heaven; I will raise my throne above the stars of God; I will sit enthroned on the mount of assembly, on the utmost heights of the sacred mountain. I will ascend above the tops of the clouds; I will make myself like the Most High. 17

18 Ezek. 28:12-19 (NASB) Son of man, take up a lament concerning the king of Tyre and say to him: This is what the Sovereign LORD says: You were the model of perfection, full of wisdom and perfect in beauty. You were in Eden, the garden of God; every precious stone adorned you: ruby, topaz and emerald, chrysolite, onyx and jasper, sapphire, turquoise and beryl.your settings and mountings were made of gold; on the day you were created they were prepared. You were anointed as a guardian cherub, for so I ordained you. You were on the holy mount of God; you walked among the fiery stones. You were blameless in your ways from the day you were created till wickedness was found in you. Through your widespread trade you were filled with violence, and you sinned. So I drove you in disgrace from the mount of God, and I expelled you, O guardian cherub, from among the fiery stones. Your heart became proud on account of your beauty, and you corrupted your wisdom because of your splendor. So I threw you to the earth; I made a spectacle of you before kings. By your many sins and dishonest trade you have desecrated your sanctuaries. So I made a fire come out from you, and it consumed you, and I reduced you to ashes on the ground in the sight of all who were watching. All the nations who knew you are appalled at you; you have come to a horrible end and will be no more. 18

19 * Fundamental question generated by Satan s rebellion: S 1 Who has the right to rule? (recall Isaiah 45:18) * J. Dwight Pentecost (Things to Come, ) Satan s original sin was an act of rebellion against the constituted authority of God and was motivated by a covetous desire to appropriate that very sovereignty for himself. Because of this sin, which brought about the fall of Satan, a kingdom over which Satan rules was formed in opposition to the kingdom over which God ruled. Satan is pictured as the god of this age (2 Cor. 4:4), the prince of the powers of the air (Eph. 2:2), and the possessor of the kingdoms of the world... (Matt. 4:8-9) * Matthew 25:34 (NASB) Then the King will say to those on His right, Come, you who are blessed of My Father, inherit the Kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. 4. Man 19

20 a. Genesis 1:26-27 ( image of God ) Then God said, Let us make man in our image, in our likeness, and let them rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over the livestock, over all the earth, and over all the creatures that move along the ground. So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them. Image of God (Imago Dei) Primary Views: (1) Ontological (Being) View: Man is like God in that he has personality, intelligence, feeling, will, relational capacity ( in the image of God) (2) Representative View: Man is the representative of God, stands in the place of or serves as the viceroy of God ( as the image of God) (3) Combination View: Man is both in and serves as the image of God. b. Genesis 2 c. Job 33:4 (NASB) The Spirit of God has made me, And the breath of the Almighty gives me life. 20 B. The Fall

21 1. The fact of sin... Genesis 3 S 1 a. Temptation and Response (3:1-6) b. Result and Judgment (3:7-19) 2. The spread of sin... Genesis 4 C. The Flood 1. The sin condition - Genesis 6:5 The LORD saw how great man s wickedness on the earth had become, and that every inclination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil all the time. 2. The sin judgment - Genesis 6:6-7 The LORD was grieved that he had made man on the earth, and his heart was filled with pain. So the LORD said, I will wipe mankind, whom I have created, from the face of the earth men and animals, and creatures that move along the ground, and birds of the air for I am grieved that I have made them. 3. The flood judgment 21

22 a. Enter the Ark (Gen. 7:1) b. Go out of the Ark (Gen. 8:16) D. The Tower 1. Genesis 11:4a Then they said, Come, let us build ourselves a city, with a tower that reaches to the heavens Genesis 9:1 Then God blessed Noah and his sons, saying to them, Be fruitful and increase in number and fill the earth. 2. Genesis 11:4b...so that we may make a name for ourselves and not be scattered over the face of the whole earth. 2. Genesis 1:27 So God created man in (or, perhaps better, AS ) his own image... (viceroys under God s authority and representatives not of self-centered pride but God s glory) 22

23 VII. TIMELINE (Refer to handout, Timeline, before Tab 1) S 1 VIII. Q & A (Panorama 2.0) IX. FOR SESSION 2: PATRIARCHS 23

24 A. Minimal Reading: Genesis 12, 15, 17 (Panorama 1.0) B. Maximum Reading: Genesis (Panorama 2.0) C. Personal Project: Take a person through the Timeline for this session. Draw and explain it as best you can. 24

25 A WALK THRU GENESIS ** I. Four Major Events (1-11) 1. Creation (1-2) * Gen. 1:1 In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth. PRINCIPLE: WHATEVER EXISTS, GOD DID IT * Col. 1:16-17 Christ is the one through whom God created everything in heaven and earth. He made the things we can see and the things we cannot see kings, kingdoms, rulers, and authorities. Everything has been created through him and for him. He existed before everything else began, and He holds all creation together. * Gen. 1:27 So God created man in His image, in the image of God He created him, male and female he created them. PRINCIPLE: MANKIND IS SPECIAL, GOD DID IT * Gen. 1:31 Then God looked over all He had made, and He saw that it was excellent in everyway. This all happened on the sixth day. 2. Fall (3-5) * Gen. 3:6-7a When the woman saw that the fruit of the tree was good for food and pleasing to the eye, and also desirable for gaining wisdom, she took some and ate it. She also gave some to her husband, who was with her and he ate it. Then the eyes of both of them were opened. PRINCIPLE: TIMELESS TEMPTATION OFTEN LEADS TO SIN * Jas. 1:13-15 And remember, no one who wants to do wrong should ever say, God is tempting me. God is never tempted to do wrong and He never tempts anyone else either. Temptation comes from the lure of our own evil desires. These evil desires lead to evil actions, and evil actions lead to death. * Gen. 4:7b...sin is crouching at your door, it desires to have you, but you must master it. PRINCIPLE: STINKING SIN MUST BE MASTERED * 1 Cor. 10:13 But remember that the temptations that come into your life are no different from what others experience. And God is faithful. He will keep the temptation from becoming so strong that you can t stand up against it. When you are tempted, He will show you a way out so that you will not give in to it. 25

26 3. Flood (6-9) * Gen. 6:11 Now the earth was corrupt in God s sight and was full of violence. PRINCIPLE: UNCHECKED SIN GROWS LIKE A CANCER * Jer. 17:9 The human heart is most deceitful and desperately wicked. Who really knows how bad it is? * Gen. 7:1 The Lord then said to Noah, Go into the ark, and your whole family, because I have found you righteous in this generation. PRINCIPLE: GOD DELIVERS THE RIGHTEOUS FROM JUDGMENT * Ro. 8:1 So now there is no condemnation for those who belong to Christ Jesus. * 2 Cor. 5:21 For God made Christ, who never sinned, to be the offering for our sin, so that we could be made right with God throught Christ. 4. Tower (10-11) * Gen. 11:4 Then they said, Come, let us build ourselves a city, with a tower that reached to the heavens, so that we can make a name for ourselves... PRINCIPLE: SELF-CENTERED PRIDE WILL NOT TAKE YOU UP BUT BRING YOU DOWN * Jas. 4:6 God resists the proud but gives grace to the humble. ** Four Major Characters (12-50) 1. Abram/Abraham (12-25) * Gen. 15:6 Abraham believed the Lord, and he credited it to him as righteousness. PRINCIPLE: WE APPROACH GOD ON THE BASIS OF FAITH * Heb. 11:6 So, you see, it is impossible to please God without faith. Anyone who wants to come to Him must believe that there is a God and that He rewards those who sincerely seek Him. * Gen. 22:7 The fire and the wood are here, Isaac said, but where is the Lamb for the burnt offering. * Gen. 22:8 Abraham answered, God himself will provide the Lamb for the burnt offering. PRINCIPLE: WE APPROACH GOD ON THE BASIS OF SACRIFICE * Jn. 1:29 Behold the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world. 26

27 2. Isaac (25-26) * Gen. 26:28 They answered, We saw clearly that the Lord was with you... Let us make a treaty with you... PRINCIPLE: THE LORD S FOLLOWERS ARE PEACEMAKERS * Matt. 5:9 God blesses those who work for peace, for they will be called the children of God. * Ro. 12:18 If it is possible, as far as it depends on you, live at peace with everyone. * Ro. 14:19 So then, let us aim for harmony in the church and try to build each other up. 3. Jacob (27-36) * Gen. 27:36 Esau said, Isn t he rightly named Jacob? He has deceived me these two times: He took my birthright and now he has taken my blessing. PRINCIPLE: THE MAN WITH INTEGRITY WALKS WITH SECURITY (cf. Prov. 10) * 2 Cor. 4:2 We have renounced secret and shameful ways; we do not use deception, nor do we distort the word of God. 4. Joseph (37-50) * Gen. 39:9b How then could I do such a wicked thing and sin against God? PRINCIPLE: SIN IS A SLAP IN THE FACE OF THE CREATOR * Hab. 1:13a Your eyes are too pure to look on evil; you cannot tolerate wrong... *Psalm 51:4 Against You, You only, have I sinned... Gen. 50:19-20 But Joseph said to them, Don t be afraid. Am I in the place of God? You intended to harm me, but God intended it for good to accomplish what is now being done, the saving of many lives. PRINCIPLE: PERSPECTIVE MAKES ALL THE DIFFERENCE *Romans 8:28 And we know that God causes everything to work together for the good of those who love God and are called according to his purpose for them. ** Note: Genesis verses from NIV; Supportive verses from NLT 27

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29 SESSION 2 I. PRAYER / REVIEW (TIMELINE) PANORAMA Movement #2 Patriarchs S 2 II. MOVEMENT 2: PATRIARCHS (OVERVIEW SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL) A. Refer to Patriarchs (at the end of the outline notes) B. Refer to Abraham - Man of Faith and Selected Life Principles... C. Refer to Jacob - Israel: Man of Deception and Jacob s Model Prayer D. Refer to Joseph - Man of Character 29

30 III. MOVEMENT 2: PATRIARCHS (BIBLICAL DEVELOPMENT) A. Abram (Abraham) 1. Abraham s Characterization: a. Genesis 15:6 Abram believed the LORD, and he credited it to him as righteousness. b. Also, Heb. 11:8; Ro. 4:3; Gal. 3:6; Jas. 2:23 2. Abraham s Call a. Genesis 12:1-3 The LORD had said to Abram, Leave your country, your people and your father s household and go to the land I will show you. I will make you into a great nation and I will bless you; I will make your name great, and you will be a blessing. I will bless those who bless you, and whoever curses you I will curse; and all peoples on earth will be blessed through you. b. Compare Acts 7:2-3; Heb. 11:8; Gen. 11:31 3. The Abrahamic Covenant a. Promised: Genesis 12 Committed: Genesis 15 Sealed: Genesis 17 b. Overview (with other Biblical covenants); one way of seeing interrelatedness (see chart which follows) 30

31 Abrahamic Covenant S 2 LAND Palestinian Covenant Deut. 30:1-8 SEED Davidic Covenant 2 Sam 7:12-16 BLESSING New Covenant Jer. 31:31-34 c. Conditional or Unconditional?? 4. Abraham s Test of Faith a. Birth of Isaac (Gen. 21:1-4) b. Test of Faith (Gen. 22) 5. Death of Abraham (Gen. 25:7-8) 31

32 B. Isaac 1. Isaac s Characterization: 2. Examples: Gen 25:18-22; 26: Reaffirmation of the Abrahamic Covenant a. Genesis 26:24-25 b. Two sons / two nations Jacob Israel Esau Edom C. Jacob (Israel) 1. Jacob s Characterization: 2. Examples: Stole his brother s birthright (Gen. 25) Stole his brother s blessing (Gen. 27) Deceived his brother to leave (Gen. 27) Deceived father-in-law and left (Gen. 31) 32

33 3. Reaffirmation of Abrahamic Covenant Genesis 28:10-15 Jacob left Beersheba and set out for Haran. When he reached a certain place, he stopped for the night because the sun had set. Taking one of the stones there, he put it under his head and lay down to sleep. He had a dream in which he saw a stairway resting on the earth, with its top reaching to heaven, and the angels of God were ascending and descending on it. There above it stood the LORD, and he said: I am the LORD, the God of your father Abraham and the God of Isaac. I will give you and your descendants the land on which you are lying. Your descendants will be like the dust of the earth, and you will spread out to the west and to the east, to the north and to the south. All peoples on earth will be blessed through you and your offspring. I am with you and will watch over you wherever you go, and I will bring you back to this land. I will not leave you until I have done what I have promised you. S 2 4. Sons of Jacob / Israel Twelve Tribes (Sons) of Israel Leah Bilhah Zilpah Rachel # 1 Reuben # 2 Simeon # 3 Levi # 4 Judah # 5 Dan # 6 Naphtali # 9 Issachar #10 Zebulon (Dinah) # 7 Gad # 8 Asher # 11 Joseph # 12 Benjamin 33

34 5. Turning Point: Encounter at Penuel (Peniel) Genesis 32 Jacob s Model Prayer (See Supplemental Material) 6. Final Encounter at Bethel Abrahamic Covenant Reaffirmation Genesis 35:11-12 And God said to him, I am God Almighty; be fruitful and increase in number. A nation and a community of nations will come from you, and kings will come from your body. The land I gave to Abraham and Isaac I also give to you, and I will give this land to your descendants after you. D. Joseph 1. Joseph s Characterization: 2. Refer to Joseph - Man of Character 3. Overview JOSEPH Youthful Arrogance Rise to Prominence Family Reunion Final Days of Jacob...Potiphar s house to...pharaoh s prison to...pharaoh s favor

35 4. Blessing of Joseph s Sons (Manasseh & Ephraim) Genesis Reaffirmation of Abrahamic Covenant S 2 To Joseph??...No To Judah??...See Gen. 49: Death of Jacob Genesis 50:15-21 Closing illustration of Joseph, man of Character IV. TIMELINE (refer to Timeline, before Tab 1) V. FOR SESSION 3: REDEMPTION AND WANDERINGS A. Minimal Reading: Exodus 1-7, 12 (Panorama 1.0) B. Maximum Reading: Exodus 1-7, 12; Leviticus 16; Numbers 13-14; Deuteronomy 34 (Panorama 2.0) C. Personal Project: Take a person through the Timeline for this session (review previous Movements as well). Draw and explain this as best you can. 35

36 MOVEMENT: PATRIARCHS (#2 OF 12 MOVEMENTS) BOOKS OF THE BIBLE: GENESIS (JOB) BROAD OUTLINE: PATRIARCHS I. Abram (Abraham)... Genesis * MAN OF FAITH * Key Verse: Genesis 15:6 Abram believed the LORD, and he credited it to him as righteousness. II. Isaac... Genesis * MAN OF PEACE * Key Verse: Genesis 26:31 Early the next morning the men swore an oath to each other. Then Isaac sent them on their way, and they left him in peace. III. Jacob (Israel)... Genesis * MAN OF DECEPTION * Key Verse: Genesis 27:24 Are you really my son Esau? he asked. I am, he replied. IV. Joseph... Genesis * MAN OF CHARACTER * Key Verse: Genesis 50:20 You intended to harm me, but God intended it for good to accomplish what is now being done, the saving of many lives. 36

37 MOVEMENT: PATRIARCHS (#2 OF 12 MOVEMENTS) SUBJECT: ABRAM (ABRAHAM) ABRAHAM - MAN OF FAITH 1. Trusted God and departed to the Promised Land (Gen. 12:1-5) 2. Trusted God s word and built an altar of worship (Gen. 12:7-8) 3. Trusted God s care and offered nephew, Lot, a choice of land (Gen. 13:8-9) 4. Trusted God s promise of special, promised land (Gen. 13:14-18) 5. Trusted God s protection and rescued Lot (Gen. 14:13-16) 6. Trusted God s provision for life and God counted (credited, reckoned) it as righteousness (Gen. 15:6) 7. Trusted God s promise and received the sign (rite) of circumcision (Gen. 17:3-14) 8. Trusted God s word for an heir (son) to the covenant with God (Gen. 17:17-24) 9. Trusted God s mercy and prayed for 10 righteous men of Sodom and Gomorrah (Gen. 18:16-33) 10. Trusted God s healing and prayed for Abimelech s wife and slave girls (Gen. 20:17) 11. Trusted God s promise and was willing to sacrifice Isaac (Gen. 22:1-19; Heb. 11:17-19) 12. Trusted God s provision of a wife for his son, Isaac (Gen. 24) 37

38 MOVEMENT: PATRIARCHS (#2 OF 12 MOVEMENTS) SUBJECT: LIFE OF ABRAHAM Selected Life Principles From The Life Of Abraham 1. Abraham was obedient to God s call (Gen. 11:27-12:5). 2. Abraham rebounded from unwise choices (Gen. 12:10-13:4). 3. Abraham was not greedy to the point of strife with his nephew, Lot (Gen. 13:5-12). 4. Abraham did not ignore his relatives plight (Gen. 14). 5. Abraham interceded on the behalf of others (Gen. 18). 6. Abraham s love for God was demonstrated by complete and total obedience (Gen. 22). 7. Abraham was a man of integrity before his neighbors (Gen. 23:1-16). 8. Abraham was keenly aware of the importance of right relationship and spiritual orientation in marriage (Gen. 24:1-9). 9. Abraham lived a full and satisfying life with God (Gen. 25:8). 10. Abraham s life was recorded for our instruction (cf. 2 Tim. 3:16-17 with Heb. 11:8-9, 17-19). 38

39 MOVEMENT: PATRIARCHS (#2 OF 12 MOVEMENTS) SUBJECT: JACOB (ISRAEL) JACOB (ISRAEL) - MAN OF DECEPTION (refer to Jer. 9: deception) 1. Jacob played on his brother s weakness for immediate physical and sensual gratification;.esau sold his birthright to Jacob for a bowl of stew. (Gen. 25:21-34) 2. Jacob (with his mother s help) tricked his father (Isaac) into believing that he was his brother (Esau);.Jacob received his father s unalterable, binding blessing. (Gen. 27:1-40) 3. Jacob left his father and mother to seek out a wife from Rebekah s family; Rebekah used a deceptive.excuse to get Jacob away from his angry, vengeful brother, Esau. (Gen. 27:41-46) 4. Jacob was deceived by his father-in-law, Laban; he received Leah (not Rachel) for his wife... family trait of deception? (Gen. 29:14-30) 5. Jacob made an agreement with Laban concerning personal ownership of the numerous sheep of their.joint flock; further, Jacob attempted (superstitiously) to influence the birth of spotted, dark sheep through ingenious, devious means. (Gen. 30:25-43) 6. Jacob, in fear of Laban s sons and Laban himself, deceived his father-in-law and secretly ran.away with his wives and all that he had accumulated. (Gen. 31:1-21; especially v.20; cf. 31:25-30) 7. Jacob s wife, Rachel, stole the family gods of Laban... family trait of deception? (Gen. 31:31-32) Note: Jacob s life changed forever with the encounter and wrestling with the angel ( man...pre-incarnate Christ?) at Peniel ( face of God ); with brother, Esau, and 400 men coming to meet.him, the deceiver, conniver Jacob, had come to the end of himself - the end of his human abilities to secure his own welfare; with this wrestling.encounter, Jacob becomes Israel ( he strives with God ). 39

40 JACOB S MODEL PRAYER Text: Genesis 32 Context: Esau s coming with 400 men to meet Jacob/his clan (years after Jacob has deceived/stolen Esau s birthright) Components Scripture 1. Who God Is 1. O God of my father Abraham... Isaac, O Lord who said to me... (32:9) 2. Who I Am 2. I am unworthy (32:10) 3. What I Need 3. Save me... (32:11) 4. What I Feel for I am afraid he will come and attack me... mothers with their children... (32:11) 5. What You Said I will surely make you prosper... (32:12) 40

41 MOVEMENT: PATRIARCHS (#2 OF 12 MOVEMENTS) SUBJECT: JOSEPH JOSEPH - MAN OF CHARACTER 1. Joseph may have been given special responsibility over his brothers ( pasturing his brothers among the flocks??); nevertheless, he was faithful to bring to his father a report, even a bad one. (Gen. 37:2) 2. Joseph s forthrightness and honesty compelled him to share faithfully, fully and accurately his seemingly, self-serving dreams. (Gen. 37:5-11) 3. Joseph was a faithful servant of Potiphar, one that was trusted by his master and one to whom all was entrusted (except food...and wife). (Gen. 39:1-6a) 4. Joseph repeatedly refused the advances of Potiphar s wife; when caught by his cloak, he streaked away. (Gen. 39:6b-12) 5. Joseph s faithfulness and integrity in Potiphar s household may have saved his life; others accused of such a crime would have been put to death, not Joseph; prison instead of death may be an evidence of Potiphar s questions about his wife. (Gen. 39:13-20a) 6. Joseph was appointed to a place of responsibility in prison-- this may be a further evidence of his trustworthiness and integrity. (Gen. 39:20b-23) 7. Joseph was trusted by the captain of the guard and was responsible to attend to Pharaoh s chief cup bearer and chief baker. (Gen. 40:1-4a) 8. Joseph, when brought before Pharaoh to interpret his dream, did not take the credit for the ability but acknowledged that God could and would give the answer (interpretation). (Gen. 41:1-16) 9. Joseph was placed in authority over Egypt next only to Pharaoh; he faithfully fulfilled his important duties. (Gen. 41 :46-57) 10. Joseph entertained his brothers request for grain yet withheld his identity; he tested his brothers truthfulness through an elaborate ruse (Gen ); when Joseph revealed his true identity, he embraced his brothers and did not seek revenge. (Gen ; Gen. 45:1-15) 11. Upon the death of his father, Jacob (Israel), Joseph did not exact revenge as his brothers feared. (Gen. 50:15-21) 41

42

43 SESSION 3 PANORAMA Movement #3 Redemption /Wanderings I. PRAYER / REVIEW (TIMELINE) S 3 II. MOVEMENT 3: REDEMPTION AND WANDERINGS (OVERVIEW & BOOK OUTLINES) A. Refer to Redemption and Wanderings: Thematic Overview B. Refer to Exodus and Leviticus C. Refer to Numbers and Deuteronomy III. REDEMPTION A. Three Major Events 1. Exodus Event foreshadows Sinai Event foreshadows Tabernacle Event foreshadows... 43

44 B. Call of Moses 1. The situation: bondage Exodus 2:23-25 During that long period, the king of Egypt died. The Israelites groaned in their slavery and cried out, and their cry for help because of their slavery went up to God. God heard their groaning and he remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac and with Jacob. So God looked on the Israelites and was concerned about them. Exodus 3:7-10 The LORD said, I have indeed seen the misery of my people in Egypt. I have heard them crying out because of their slave drivers, and I am concerned about their suffering. So I have come down to rescue them from the hand of the Egyptians and to bring them up out of that land into a good and spacious land, a land flowing with milk and honey the home of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites. And now the cry of the Israelites has reached me, and I have seen the way the Egyptians are oppressing them. So now, go. I am sending you to Pharaoh to bring my people the Israelites out of Egypt. God s motivation for deliverance? 2. The response (of Moses) Refer to 5 Flimsy Excuses 44

45 C. The Encounter with Pharaoh 1. Exodus 5:1-2 Afterward Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and said, This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: Let my people go, so that they may hold a festival to me in the desert. Pharaoh said, Who is the LORD, that I should obey him and let Israel go? I do not know the LORD and I will not let Israel go. S 3 2. Exodus 5:10 Then the slave drivers and the foremen went out and said to the people, This is what Pharaoh says: I will not give you any more straw. Who has the right to rule? D. The Covenant Remembered / Ratified 1. Exodus 6:2-5 God also said to Moses, I am the LORD. I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob as God Almighty, but by my name the LORD I did not make myself known to them. I also established my covenant with them to give them the land of Canaan, where they lived as aliens. Moreover, I have heard the groaning of the Israelites, whom the Egyptians are enslaving, and I have remembered my covenant. 45

46 2. Exodus 6:6-8 Therefore, say to the Israelites: I am the LORD, and I will bring you out from under the yoke of the Egyptians. I will free you from being slaves to them, and I will redeem you with an outstretched arm and with mighty acts of judgment. I will take you as my own people, and I will be your God. Then you will know that I am the LORD your God, who brought you out from under the yoke of the Egyptians. And I will bring you to the land I swore with uplifted hand to give to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob. I will give it to you as a possession. I am the LORD. E. The Ten Plagues ( Object Lessons ) 1. To answer the question... Who is the Lord?... and... Who has the right to rule? (YHWH or Pharaoh?) 2. Refer to The Ten Plagues F. The Tenth Plague ( Passover ) 1. Exodus 12:29-31 At midnight the LORD struck down all the firstborn in Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh, who sat on the throne, to the firstborn of the prisoner, who was in the dungeon, and the firstborn of all the livestock as well. Pharaoh and all his officials and all the Egyptians got up during the night, and there was loud wailing in Egypt, for there was not a house without someone dead. During the night Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, Up! Leave my people, you and the Israelites! Go, worship the LORD as you have requested. 46

47 2. Comparison of Passover & Redemption (Exodus 12) Passover 1. Lamb to be sacrificed (3, 7) 2. Lamb without spot or blemish (5) 3. Lamb s blood shed that they might have life (6-7) 4. For benefit of shed blood, must apply over doorposts by faith (7, 22) 5. Safe behind the blood, must feed upon the lamb (8) Redemption 1. Lamb of God sacrificed (1 Cor. 5:7; Jn. 1:29) 2. Christ (Our Lamb) without spot or blemish (I Pet. 1:18-19; 2 Cor. 5:21) 3. Christ s blood shed that mankind might have life (Jn. 3:16; I Pet. 2:24) 4. For benefit of shed blood, must apply over doorposts of one s heart by faith (Ro. 3:25-26) 5. Safe behind the blood, must feed upon the Lamb (Jn. 6:53, 56; I Cor. 10:14-17) S 3 47

48 IV. THE LAW (AT SINAI) A. Mosaic Covenant 1. Exodus 19:4-6 You yourselves have seen what I did to Egypt, and how I carried you on eagles wings and brought you to myself. Now if you obey me fully and keep my covenant, then out of all nations you will be my treasured possession. Although the whole earth is mine, you will be for me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation. These are the words you are to speak to the Israelites. 2. Conditional or Unconditional? Galatians 3:17-19 What I mean is this: The law, introduced 430 years later, does not set aside the covenant previously established by God and thus do away with the promise. For if the inheritance depends on the law, then it no longer depends on a promise; but God in his grace gave it to Abraham through a promise.what, then, was the purpose of the law? It was added because of transgressions until the Seed to whom the promise referred had come. The law was put into effect through angels by a mediator. B. Refer to The Ten Commandments 48

49 V. THE TABERNACLE A. Refer to The Tabernacle B. For Further Study on the Significance (Typology) of the Tabernacle and Furniture, see any of the following: 1. Merrill F. Unger, Tabernacle of Israel in The New Unger s Bible Dictionary, Moody, S 3 2. Irving L. Jensen, Exodus: A Self-Study Guide, Moody, 1967, Tom Constable on website: (look for free downloadable notes on any/all books of the Bible; excellent notes by former Bible Exposition professor at Dallas Seminary; find appropriate commentary / exposition in Exodus notes) C. Shekinah Glory Exodus 40:34-38 Then the cloud covered the Tent of Meeting, and the glory of the LORD filled the tabernacle. Moses could not enter the Tent of Meeting because the cloud had settled upon it, and the glory of the LORD filled the tabernacle. In all the travels of the Israelites, whenever the cloud lifted from above the tabernacle, they would set out; but if the cloud did not lift, they did not set out until the day it lifted. So the cloud of the LORD was over the tabernacle by day, and fire was in the cloud by night, in the sight of all the house of Israel during all their travels. Purpose?? 49

50 VI. LEVITICUS A. Refer again to outlines Exodus and Leviticus B. Refer to Old Testament Sacrifices C. Refer to The Feasts of Israel - Leviticus 23 D. Blessings & Curses - Leviticus 26 VII. WANDERINGS A. Refer again to outlines Numbers and Deuteronomy B. Geographical Movement Sinai to Plains of Moab C. Departure to Promised Land: Numbers 10:11 D. Murmurings / Rebellion 1. Complaints about the Lord s provision (Num. 11:4-9) 2. Complaint about God s appointed leader (Num. 12; also 16:28-30) Key Event 3. Rebellion at Kadesh - Barnea (Num ) 4. Rebellion of Korah (Num. 16) 50

51 VIII. DEATH OF MOSES A. His Blessings B. His Death Deuteronomy Recorded: Deuteronomy 34 S 3 2. Referred to: Jude 8-10 (esp. 9) C. His Age: Compare Acts 7:20-36 Life of Moses Learning (House of Pharaoh) Shepherding (Wilderness of Midian) Leading (Children of Israel) 51

52 IX. REVIEW TIMELINE: REDEMPTION & WANDERINGS X. FOR SESSION 4: CONQUEST A. Minimal Reading: Joshua 1-7 (Panorama 1.0) B. Maximum Reading: Joshua 1-7, (Panorama 2.0) C. Personal Project: Take a person through the Timeline for this session (review previous Movements as well). Draw and explain this as best you can. 52

53 MOVEMENT: REDEMPTION AND WANDERINGS (#3 OF 12) BOOKS OF THE BIBLE: EXODUS LEVITICUS NUMBERS DEUTERONOMY T H E M A T I C O V E R V I E W BROAD OUTLINE: REDEMPTION (EXODUS) R E D E M P T I O N 3 KEY PEOPLE 3 KEY EVENTS 1) Moses 1) Exodus Event 2) Aaron 2) Sinai Event 3) Pharaoh 3) Tabernacle Event BROAD OUTLINE: WANDERINGS (NUMBERS) WANDERINGS 3 KEY TOPICS 3 KEY LOCATIONS 1) Order 1) Mt. Sinai 2) Disorder 2) Wilderness 3) Reorder 3) Plains of Moab 53

54 MOVEMENT: REDEMPTION (#3 OF 12) (AND WANDERINGS) BOOK OF THE BIBLE: EXODUS BROAD OVERVIEW: E X O D U S Exodus Event Sinai Event Tabernacle Event Salvation Word of God Worship Bondage Moses Confrontation (Pharaoh) 10 Plagues (Passover) To Sinai At Sinai (10 Words) (Other Laws) Ratification Tabernacle Instructions Priests Rebellion Tabernacle Construction Deliverance Shekinah Glory

55 MOVEMENT: REDEMPTION (#3 of 12) BOOK: LEVITICUS OVERVIEW TO LEVITICUS ACCESS TO GOD (By Sacrifice) ACCESS TO GOD (By Separation) LAWS REGULATIONS 1. The Offerings (1-7) 1. About the People (18-20) 2. The Priesthood (8-10) 2. About the Priests (21-22) 3. The People (11-16) 3. About the Feasts (23-24) 4. The Altar (17) 4. About Canaan (25-27) 55

56 MOVEMENT: REDEMPTION AND WANDERINGS (#3 of 12) BOOK: NUMBERS BROAD OUTLINE: NUMBERS I. ORDER: Organizing the First Generation (1-10) Census and Assignments (1-4) Purity and Separation (5-6) Preparations and Departure (7-10) II. DISORDER: Disorganization of the First Generation (11-20) Defection and Rejection (11-14) Rebellion and Authority (15-20) III. REORDER: Reorganization of the Second Generation (21-36) Conflicts and Victories (21-32) Warnings and Encouragements (33-36) 56

57 MOVEMENT: REDEMPTION AND WANDERINGS (#3 of 12) BOOK: DEUTERONOMY BROAD OUTLINE: DEUTERONOMY (Second Law) I. ADDRESS #1: A Review of God s Faithfulness (1-4) II. ADDRESS #2: An Exposition of the Law (5-26) A. The Fundamental Law (5-11) B. The Special Laws for Life in Canaan (12-26) III. ADDRESS #3: Renewing the Covenant (Blessings & Cursings) (27-30) IV. ADDRESS #4: Final Words of Moses (31-34) 57

58 MOVEMENT: REDEMPTION (#3 of 12) (AND WANDERINGS) BOOK: EXODUS FLIMSY EXCUSES OF MOSES No. Ref. Excuse (Application) God s Reply 1 Ex. 3:11-12 Who am I? (Not Capable) I will be with you (Not about you, it s about Me) 2 Ex. 3:13-22 Suppose I go (Don t know God well I am who I am (YHWH) and they ask me, enough) What is his name? (No message) 3 Ex. 4:1-9 What if they do (No credibility) 3 Signs: not believe me? 1) Staff (No authority) 2) Leprous hand 3) Water to blood (God will work through you.) 4 Ex. 4:10-12 I have never been (Not a Communicator) I will help you speak and will eloquent. teach you what to say. (Message more important than delivery) 5 Ex. 4:13-17 O Lord, please (Not available) What about your brother send someone You shall speak to him else to do it. I will help both of you speak (Oh yes, you will) 58

59 MOVEMENT: REDEMPTION (#3 of 12) BOOK: EXODUS 7-12 THE TEN PLAGUES (Edited from J. Walton; where noted, J. Davis, N. Geisler and others) PLAGUE Reference Possible Egyptian Deity Directed Against 1 Nile turned to blood Exodus 7:14-25 Nilus: sacred river god (Geisler) Khnum: guardian of the Nile Hapi: spirit of the Nile Osiris: Nile was bloodstream 2 Frogs Exodus 8:1-15 Heqt: form of frog; goddess of resurrection 3 Gnats (Mosquitoes) Exodus 8:16-19 Seb: god of the earth (Geisler) 4 Flies Exodus 8:20-32 Uatchit: manifested by the Ichneuman fly (Davis) Khephera: sacred scarab (beetle) (Geisler) 5 Plague on cattle Exodus 9:1-7 Hathor: mother-goddess; form of cow Apis: bull of god Ptah; symbol of fertility Mnevis: sacred bull of Heliopolis 6 Boils Exodus 9:8-12 Sekh-mer: lion-headed goddess of creating/ending plagues Imhotep: god of medicine Typhon: evil-eye god (Geisler) 7 Hail Exodus 9:13-35 Shu: goddess of the atmosphere (Geisler) Nut: sky goddess Isis: goddess of life Seth: protector of crops 8 Locusts Exodus 10:1-20 Serapis: god-protector from locusts (Geisler) Isis: goddess of life Seth: protector of crops 9 Darkness Exodus 10:21-29 Re, Aten, Atum, Horus: all sun gods of sorts 10 Death of firstborn Exodus 11:1-12:36 The deity of Pharaoh: Osiris, the giver of life. 59

60 The Tabernacle EAST TABERNACLE H. of H. H. P GATE COURT DIMENSIONS (one cubit equals approximately 1.5 feet) FURNITURE COURT X 50 CUBITS GATE - 20 CUBITS TABERNACLE - 30 X 10 X 10 CUBITS H.P.= HOLY PLACE - 20 X 10 X 10 CUBITS 1. BRAZEN ALTAR 2. LAVER 3. TABLE OF SHEWBREAD 4. GOLDEN CANDLESTICK 5. ALTAR OF INCENSE 6. ARK OF THE COVENANT H. of H. = HOLY OF HOLIES - 10 X 10 X10 CUBITS 60

61 MOVEMENT: REDEMPTION (#3 of 12) BOOK: EXODUS THE TEN COMMANDMENTS (or TEN WORDS or DECALOGUE) DECALOGUE - EXODUS 20:3-17 COMMANDMENT VERSE(S) BASIC HUMAN NEED BIBLICAL EXPRESSION DIRECTION 1 3 Need for Supreme Being no other gods before Me To God Need for God to be Real no idols...not bow down or worship them To God 3 7 Need for God to be Powerful not misuse the name... (name in vain) To God Need for Rest and Worship Remember the Sabbath To God For Man 5 12 Need for Family Connections Honor your father and mother To Man 6 13 Need for Sanctity of Human Life No murder To Man 7 14 Need for Sexual Expression No adultery To Man 8 15 Need for Possessions No stealing To Man 9 16 Need for Healthy Relationships No lying To Man Need for Basic Necessities No coveting To Man 61

62 Old Testament Sacrifices SACRIFICES OT REFERENCES ELEMENTS PURPOSE 62 Burnt Offering Grain Offering Peace Offering Sin Offering Guilt Offering Lev 1; 6:8-13; 8:18-21; 16:24 Lev 2; 6:14-23 Lev 3; 7:11-34 Lev 4:1-5:13; 6:24-30; 8:14-17; 16:3-22 Bull, ram or male bird (dove or young pigeon for the poor); wholly consumed; no defect Grain, fine flour, olive oil, incense, baked bread (cakes or wafers), salt; no yeast or honey; accompanied burnt offering and peace offering (along with drink offering) Any animal without defect from herd or flock; variety of breads 1. Young bull: for high priest and congregation 2. Male goat: for leader 3. Female goat or lamb; for common person 4. Turtledove or pigeon; for the poor 5. Tenth of an ephah of fine flour: for the very poor Voluntary act of worship; atonement for unintentional sin in general; expression of devotion, commitment and complete surrender to God Voluntary act of worship; recognition of Godʼs goodness and provisions; devotion to God Voluntary act of worship; thanksgiving and fellowship (it included a communal meal) Mandatory atonement for specific unintentional sin; confession of sin; forgiveness of sin; cleansing from defilement Lev 5:14-6:7; 7:1-6 Ram or lamb Mandatory atonement for unintentional sin requiring restitution; cleansing from defilement; make restitution; pay 20% fine When more than one kind of offering was presented (as in Num 7:16, 17), the procedure was usually as follows: (1) sin offering or guilt offering, (2) burnt offering; (3) peace offering and grain offering (along with a drink offering). This sequence furnishes part of the spiritual significance of the sacrificial system. First, sin had to be dealt with (sin offering and grain offering). Second, the worshiper committed himself completely to God (burnt offering and grain offering). Third, fellowship or communion between the Lord, the priest and the worshiper (peace offering) was established. To state it another way, there were sacrifices of expiation (sin offerings and guilt offerings), consecration (burnt offerings and grain offerings) and communion (peace offerings these included vow offerings, thank offerings and freewill offerings). (M. Rosen, Christ in the Passover)

63 SCRIPTURE EVENT FUTURE SIGNIFICANCE FOR ALL GODʼS PEOPLE UNDER GRACE FEAST SEASON TEMPORAL SIGNIFICANCE FOR ISRAEL UNDER THE LAW THE CRUCIFIXION (Redemption) ye were not redeemed with corruptible things as silver and gold but with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot. (I Peter 1:18 and 19) Believers in Christ redeemed from bondage of sin Redemption from bondage in Egypt Spring (new beginning) PASSOVER (Sanctification) Purge out the old leaven that ye may be a new lump for even Christ our Passover is sacrificed for us. (I Cor. 5:7) All believers in Christ cleansed from sin and empowered to walk in newness of life Purging of all leaven (symbol of sin) Spring (new life) UNLEAVENED BREAD (Justification) (God) made Him to be sin for us, who knew no sin, that we might be made the righteousness of God in Him. (II Cor. 5:21) THE RESURRECTION OF CHRIST But now is Christ risen from the dead the firstfruits of them that slept even so in Christ shall all be made alive. (I Cor. 15:20 and 22b) Christ, the first to rise from the dead the promise of resurrection and eternal life for all who believe on Him. Thanksgiving for firstfruits, the promise of the harvest to come (first of the grain presented to God) FIRSTFRUITS Spring (first of grain harvest) THE COMING OF THE HOLY SPIRIT and BIRTH OF THE CHURCH And when the Day of Pentecost was fully come they were all filled with the Holy Spirit (Acts 2:1a and 4a) the same day there were added unto them about three thousand souls. (Acts 2:41b) I will put my law into their hearts and in their minds I will write them. (Hebrews 10:16) Godʼs first harvest of those redeemed in Christ (Jews and Gentiles) Thanksgiving for first harvest and (according to oral tradition, the time of the giving of the law at Sinai) Late Spring 7 weeks after Passover (ingathering of first harvest) FEAST OF WEEKS (Pentecost) Godʼs law written on the hearts of the redeemed (SUMMER, A TIME OF LABOR IN THE FIELDS AND PREPARATION FOR FINAL HARVEST THE CHURCH AGE) Lift up your eyes and look on the fields; for they are white already to harvest. (John 4:35) ISRAEL REGATHERED I will gather them out of all countries whither I have driven them and I will bring them again unto this place and I will cause them to dwell safely (Jer. 32:37) The beginning of the regathering of Israel to the land in preparation for the final Day of Atonement FEAST OF TRUMPETS Early Autumn A Solemn Assembly (trumpets blown to prepare for the Day of Atonement) THE RAPTURE OF THE CHURCH and THE RETURN OF CHRIST For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel and with the trump of God: and shall be caught up together to meet the Lord. (I Thess. 4:16 and 17) also (I Cor. 15:52) The assembly of all believers, dead and alive, in the heavens with Christ ISRAEL TURNS TO HER MESSIAH So Christ was once offered to bear the sins of many (Heb.9:28) Believers in Christ forgiven by one Atonement for all time DAY OF ATONEMENT Autumn A Solemn Assembly for repentance and forgiveness under the Law (repeatedly annually) And I will pour upon the house of David and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and supplications, and they shall look on Me whom they have pierced, and they shall mourn for him in that day there shall be a fountain opened to the house of David and Jerusalem for sin and for uncleanness (Zech. 12:10 and 13:1) The rest of Israel will repent and look to her Messiah in one day THE KINGDOM OF GOD ON EARTH everyone that is left of all the nations which came up against Jerusalem shall even go up from year to year to worship the King, the Lord of hosts, and to keep the feast of tabernacles (Zech. 14:16) Joyous Assembly all peoples brought under the rulership of the King Messiah Harvest celebration and Memorial of Tabernacles in the Wilderness FEAST OF BOOTHS Autumn (final harvest) (M. Rosen, Christ in the Passover) 63

64 MOVEMENT: REDEMPTION (#3 of 12) BOOK: LEVITICUS THE FEASTS OF ISRAEL - LEVITICUS 23 NO. NAME REFERENCE PRIMARY PURPOSE 1 Passover Lev. 23:5 Remember deliverance from bondage (Ex. 12:1-14) in Egypt 2 Unleavened Lev. 23:6-8 Remember the haste in leaving Egypt Bread (Ex. 12:15-20) 3 First Fruits Lev. 23:9-14 Recognize the gracious provision of harvest 4 Weeks Lev. 23:15-21 Joy and gratitude over the blessings of (Pentecost) (Ex. 23:16; 34:22) harvest 5 Trumpets Lev. 23:23-25 Assembled Israel appears before the (Rosh Hashanah) Lord 6 Day of Lev. 23:26-32 Cleanse priest, people and holy place Atonement (Lev. 16) of sin (Yom Kippur) 7 Booths Lev. 23:33-36, Remember the journey from Egypt to (Tabernacles) Canaan Ex. 23:16; 34:22 64

65 SESSION 4 PANORAMA Movement #4 Conquest I. PRAYER / REVIEW A. Movement #1 (Prologue) B. Movement #2 (Patriarchs) S 4 C. Movement #3 (Redemption) (Wanderings) II. MOVEMENT 4: (CONQUEST): TIMELINE 65

66 III. OVERVIEW TO THE BOOK OF JOSHUA A. Refer to The Book of Joshua B. Three-fold Movement of the Book of Josua : 1. (1-5) 2. (5-12) 3. (13-24) C. Typological Significance of Joshua IV. MAPS RELATED TO JOSHUA A. Map: Three-Prong Invasion Strategy and Cities of the Three-fold Campaign Strategy B. Map: Tribal Allotments C. Map (Modern): Rough Outline - West Bank (front/back) 66

67 V. MOVEMENT 4: CONQUEST (BIBLICAL DEVELOPMENT) A. Joshua the Man 1. Necessary leadership qualities (1:6, 7, 9, 18) 2. Necessary focus: Joshua 1:13 Remember the command that Moses the servant of the LORD gave you: The LORD your God is giving you rest and has granted you this land. S 4 a. Rest entrance into inheritance or appropriation of promise (cf. Heb. 3-4) b. Land fulfillment of Abrahamic Covenant promise (Gen. 12:1, 7; 13:14-17) extent??... Gen. 15: Necessary conflict: Deuteronomy 7:1-6 67

68 4. Necessary perspective: The record of Israel s exodus from the land of Egypt and preservation in the barren wilderness of Sinai constitutes one of the most captivating stories in the Bible. Equally thrilling are the accounts of Israel s conquest of the land of Canaan under the leadership of the man Joshua. The years spent in conquest and settlement were crucial ones in the history of Israel. A comprehensive record of these events is found in the first eight books of the Bible. The first five books, known as the Pentateuch, give us the history of the Hebrews up to their entrance into the land of Canaan, while the books of Joshua, Judges and Ruth continue that history by describing the conquest and settlement in the land of Canaan. (J. Davis, History of Israel, 17) B. Key Biblical Themes of Joshua 1. God is faithful to His word (Josh. 6:2; 8:1; 10:8; 11:6) 2. The Word of God is critical to the success of Joshua & the Israelites: a. Joshua 1:8 (at call of Joshua) Do not let this Book of the Law depart from your mouth; meditate on it day and night, so that you may be careful to do everything written in it. Then you will be prosperous and successful. 68

69 b. Joshua 8:32-35 (after victory at Ai) There, in the presence of the Israelites, Joshua copied on stones the law of Moses, which he had written. All Israel, aliens and citizens alike, with their elders, officials and judges, were standing on both sides of the ark of the covenant of the LORD, facing those who carried it the priests, who were Levites. Half of the people stood in front of Mount Gerizim and half of them in front of Mount Ebal, as Moses the servant of the LORD had formerly commanded when he gave instructions to bless the people of Israel. Afterward, Joshua read all the words of the law the blessings and the curses just as it is written in the Book of the Law. There was not a word of all that Moses had commanded that Joshua did not read to the whole assembly of Israel, including the women and children, and the aliens who lived among them. S 4 c. Also, note Joshua 23:6-16; 24: The nature of God is demonstrated in Joshua 4. The Biblical tension of human effort vs. divine enablement is demonstrated in Joshua C. Campaign Strategies: See appropriate maps 1. Central: Joshua Southern: Joshua Northern: Joshua 11 69

70 D. Central Campaign : Necessary Pre-requisites 1. A new leader needed (Joshua 1): Completed 2. A new approach to spies needed (Joshua 2): Completed Compare Numbers to Joshua 2:24 3. A new faith-miracle needed (Joshua 3): Completed Joshua 3:5 Consecrate yourselves Joshua 3:6-17 Ark of the Covenant and the Jordan River 4. A new altar of remembrance needed (Joshua 4): Completed Joshua 4: A reaffirmation of Abrahamic Covenant loyalty needed: Completed Sign of the covenant (Gen. 17): circumcision Concern not to repeat Moses neglect (Ex. 4:24-26) Obedience of the people (Joshua 5:2-12) 6. A new confirmation of God s provision (Joshua 5) needed: Completed Commander of YHWH s army 70

71 E. Central Campaign : 1. Jericho a. Importance of the first victory b. Condition of Jericho: Joshua 6:1 Now Jericho was tightly shut up because of the Israelites. No one went out and no one came in. c. Battle plan: Joshua 6:2-5 Then the LORD said to Joshua, See, I have delivered Jericho into your hands, along with its king and its fighting men. March around the city once with all the armed men. Do this for six days. Have seven priests carry trumpets of rams horns in front of the ark. On the seventh day, march around the city seven times, with the priests blowing the trumpets. When you hear them sound a long blast on the trumpets, have all the people give a loud shout; then the wall of the city will collapse and the people will go up, every man straight in. S 4 d. Importance of the Ark of the Covenant (1). Exodus 25:21-22 (2). Joshua 6:6-14 (9x) (3). Symbol of God s presence / promise e. Importance of the Herem ban: Joshua 6:18-19 But keep away from the devoted things, so that you will not bring about your own destruction by taking any of them. Otherwise you will make the camp of Israel liable to destruction and bring trouble on it. All the silver and gold and the articles of bronze and iron are sacred to the LORD and must go into his treasury. 71

72 2. Ai a. Disobedience (lack of faith) brings failure: Joshua 7:1, 3-5 But the Israelites acted unfaithfully in regard to the devoted things; Achan son of Carmi, the son of Zimri, the son of Zerah, of the tribe of Judah, took some of them. So the LORD s anger burned against Israel. When they returned to Joshua, they said, Not all the people will have to go up against Ai. Send two or three thousand men to take it and do not weary all the people, for only a few men are there. So about three thousand men went up; but they were routed by the men of Ai, who killed about thirty-six of them. They chased the Israelites from the city gate as far as the stone quarries and struck them down on the slopes. At this the hearts of the people melted and became like water. b. Obedience (evidence of faith) brings victory: Joshua 7:10-12 The LORD said to Joshua, Stand up! What are you doing down on your face? Israel has sinned; they have violated my covenant, which I commanded them to keep. They have taken some of the devoted things; they have stolen, they have lied, they have put them with their own possessions. That is why the Israelites cannot stand against their enemies; they turn their backs and run because they have been made liable to destruction. I will not be with you anymore unless you destroy whatever among you is devoted to destruction. Trust & Obey This is a key principle illustrated repeatedly in the Book of Joshua; even an unconditional covenant (Abrahamic) can have attached to it conditions for blessing and cursing (Mosaic - see especially Deuteronomy 28). 72

73 F. Southern Campaign 1. Joshua Refer to appropriate maps 3. Key verse: Joshua 10:42 G. Northern Campaign All these kings and their lands Joshua conquered in one campaign, because the LORD, the God of Israel, fought for Israel. S 4 1. Joshua Refer to appropriate maps 3. Joshua 11:6, 12 Joshua took all these royal cities and their kings and put them to the sword. He totally destroyed them, as Moses the servant of the LORD had commanded. (11:12) 73

74 VI. DIVISION OF THE PROMISED LAND A. Joshua 14:1-5 B. Refer to appropriate map ( Tribal Allotments ) C. Joshua 21:43-45 a. God fulfilled His word (v. 43) b. The tribes were to finish the job Exodus 23:29-30 But I will not drive them out in a single year, because the land would become desolate and the wild animals too numerous for you. Little by little I will drive them out before you, until you have increased enough to take possession of the land Joshua 23:12-13 But if you turn away and ally yourselves with the survivors of these nations that remain among you and if you intermarry with them and associate with them, then you may be sure that the LORD your God will no longer drive out these nations before you. Instead, they will become snares and traps for you, whips on your backs and thorns in your eyes, until you perish from this good land, which the LORD your God has given you. c. Remember: Abrahamic Covenant Mosaic Covenant unconditional promise conditioned blessings / cursings (Deut. 28) Failure to drive out the inhabitants of the land as the Lord commanded will bring cursing (discipline); this is the story of Judges. 74

75 VII. FAREWELL ADDRESS OF JOSHUA A. Address to the Leadership: Joshua 23:1-8 B. Covenant Renewal (and Historical Summary) at Shechem: Joshua 24:1-13 S 4 C. Challenge to the People: Joshua 24:14-15 D. Response of the People: Joshua 24:16-22 N.B. Compare this address to the events that follow (Movement #5: Apostasy) 75

76 VIII. TIMELINE (refer to handout before Tab 1) IX. FOR LESSON 5: APOSTASY A. Minimal Reading: Judges 1-2 (Panorama 1.0) B. Maximum Reading: Judges 1-2, 6-8 (Panorama 2.0) C. Personal Project: Take a person through the Timeline for this session (review previous Movements as well). Draw and explain this as best you can. 76

77 MOVEMENT: CONQUEST (#4 OF 12) BOOKS OF THE BIBLE: JOSHUA BROAD OVERVIEW: THE BOOK OF JOSHUA J O S H U A Entering the Land Conquering the Land Possessing the Land Joshua: New Leader Commander of Lord s Army Division of the Land 5 1 Central Campaign Rahab: Spies 6 8 Gibeonite Deception Cities of Refuge 2 Crossing the Jordan: Gilgal 9 Southern Campaign 20 Levitical Towns Release of the Eastern Tribes Circumcision: Passover Northern Campaign Joshua s Farewell Address Defeated Kings

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83 SESSION 5 PANORAMA Movement #5 Apostasy I. PRAYER / REVIEW (TIMELINE) A. Movements / Scriptures 1. Prologue...Genesis Patriarchs...Genesis 12-50; Job 3. Redemption & Wanderings...Exodus; Leviticus; Numbers; Deuteronomy 4. Conquest...Joshua TODAY 5. Apostasy...Judges; Ruth S 5 B. Timeline Review: Conquest (Movement 4) II. MOVEMENT #5: APOSTASY (TIMELINE) 83

84 III. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL RELATED TO JUDGES & RUTH (end of this section) A. Judges (Outline / Overview) B. Sin Cycle in Judges C. The Major & Minor Judges and The Oppressors and Judges of Israel D. Ruth (Outline / Overview) IV. OVERVIEW TO THE BOOK OF JUDGES A. Chart J U D G E S KEY THEME: KEY PHRASE: KEY CONCEPT: Defeat & Deliverance did evil Sin Cycle Days of the Judges Deeds of the Judges Difficulties during the Judges Prologue Body Appendix 84

85 B. Comparison to Joshua Joshua Judges Victory of the faith-life Freedom Possession Faithfulness One leader prominent Triumph Success through faith (trust) Defeat of the disobedient-life Bondage Oppression Faithlessness Many judges prominent Tragedy Failure through rebellion (compromise) S 5 V. MOVEMENT 5: APOSTASY (THEMATIC DEVELOPMENT) A. The Situation (from Joshua to Judges ) 1. YHWH s Rest (see Joshua 23:1-5) After a long time had passed and the LORD had given Israel rest from all their enemies around them, Joshua, by then old and well advanced in years, summoned all Israel their elders, leaders, judges and officials and said to them: I am old and well advanced in years. You yourselves have seen everything the LORD your God has done to all these nations for your sake; it was the LORD your God who fought for you. Remember how I have allotted as an inheritance for your tribes all the land of the nations that remain the nations I conquered between the Jordan and the Great Sea in the west. The LORD your God himself will drive them out of your way. He will push them out before you, and you will take possession of their land, as the LORD your God promised you. 85

86 2. Joshua s Warning (see Joshua 23:6-13) Be very strong; be careful to obey all that is written in the Book of the Law of Moses, without turning aside to the right or to the left. Do not associate with these nations that remain among you; do not invoke the names of their gods or swear by them. You must not serve them or bow down to them. But you are to hold fast to the LORD your God, as you have until now. The LORD has driven out before you great and powerful nations; to this day no one has been able to withstand you. One of you routs a thousand, because the LORD your God fights for you, just as he promised. So be very careful to love the LORD your God. But if you turn away and ally yourselves with the survivors of these nations that remain among you and if you intermarry with them and associate with them, then you may be sure that the LORD your God will no longer drive out these nations before you. Instead, they will become snares and traps for you, whips on your backs and thorns in your eyes, until you perish from this good land, which the LORD your God has given you. 3. Did not drive out (Judges 1:19, 21, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33) lesson to be learned: 86

87 B. The Angel of the Lord Encounter Judges 2:1-3 C. Sin Cycle of Judges The angel of the LORD went up from Gilgal to Bokim and said, I brought you up out of Egypt and led you into the land that I swore to give to your forefathers. I said, I will never break my covenant with you, and you shall not make a covenant with the people of this land, but you shall break down their altars. Yet you have disobeyed me. Why have you done this? Now therefore I tell you that I will not drive them out before you; they will be thorns in your sides and their gods will be a snare to you. S 5 1. Refer to Sin Cycle in Judges 2. Described generally: Judges 2:6-19 a. Rest peace (Josh. 23:1, cf. Othniel in Judg. 3:11) b. Rebellion did evil (11) c. Retribution handed them over (14) d. Repentance then (after repentance - 16; cf. Othniel and cried out in Judg. 3:9) e. Restoration judges who saved (16) 87

88 3. Described specifically: Othniel and Judges 3:7-11 The Israelites did evil in the eyes of the LORD; they forgot the LORD their God and served the Baals and the Asherahs. The anger of the LORD burned against Israel so that he sold them into the hands of Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram Naharaim, to whom the Israelites were subject for eight years. But when they cried out to the LORD, he raised up for them a deliverer, Othniel son of Kenaz, Caleb s younger brother, who saved them. The Spirit of the LORD came upon him, so that he became Israel s judge and went to war. The LORD gave Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram into the hands of Othniel, who overpowered him. So the land had peace for forty years, until Othniel son of Kenaz died. a. Rebellion did evil (7) b. Retribution sold them (8) c. Repentance cried out (9) d. Restoration raised up a deliverer (9) saved them (9) e. Rest had peace (11) 4. Described typologically a. Rest Daily walk of fellowship with God (1 Jn. 1:7; Jn. 15:1-8) b. Rebellion Sin (which disrupts our fellowship/abiding) (I Jn. 1:6; Jn. 15:5; Ps. 66:18; et al.) c. Retribution Discipline (Heb. 12:4-11) d. Repentance Confession (I Jn. 1:8-9; Jas. 4:7-9; Joel 2:12-14) e. Restoration Restored to fellowship (see again 1 Jn. 1:5-9) 88

89 5. Summary Statement on Sin Cycle (I. Jensen, Joshua: Rest-Land Won, 158) The cycle accentuates two prominent lines of truth: (1) the desperate sickness of the human heart, revealing its ingratitude, stubborness, rebellion and folly; and (2) God s long-suffering, patience, love and mercy. D. The Major and Minor Judges 1. Refer to The Major & Minor Judges 2. Refer to The Oppressors... VI. MOVEMENT 5: APOSTASY (BIBLICAL DEVELOPMENT) A. Judges 1-3 S 5 1. The situation militarily (1) 2. The situation religiously (2) Note: sin cycle 3. The situation politically (3:1-6) 89

90 B. Judges Judgeship of OTHNIEL (3:7-11) 2. Judgeship of EHUD (3:12-30) a. Rebellion did evil (12) b. Retribution Lord gave (12) c. Repentance cried out (15) d. Restoration deliverer (15) e. Rest peace (30) 3. Judgeship of SHAMGAR (3:31) 4. Judgeship of DEBORAH (BARAK) (4:1-5:31) Deborah and Barak Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Story Narrative Sin Cycle Oppressors: Jabin and Sisera Deliverers: Deborah and Barak Song Poetry Praise (1-3) Poetic epic (4-30) Peace (31) 90

91 5. Judgeship of GIDEON (6:1-9:57) Gideon Chapters 6-8 Chapter 9 Story of Gideon Story of Abimelech Sin Cycle Unruly son of Gideon Call of Gideon Gideon s army (32, , ) Gideon s victory - part 1 Gideon s victory - part Ruthless son of Gideon Strife between Abimelech and Shechem Abimelech vs. Gaal S 5 Gideon s ephod (snare) Justice at the end Judgeship of TOLA (10:1-2) 7. Judgeship of JAIR (10:3-5) 91

92 8. Judgeship of JEPHTHAH (10:6-12:7) a. The sin cycle with differences (10:6-18) Rebellion did evil (6) 1. served the gods 2. forsook the Lord Retribution sold them (7ff) Repentance two phases 1. initial confession ( cried out ) (10) 2. intense confession ( we have sinned ) (15) lesson to be learned: 92

93 Restoration 1. no deliverer raised up, BUT... (Lord) could bear Israel s misery no longer (16) 2. Jephthah introduced (chapters 11-12) 3. Elders of Gilead request: be our commander (6) Question: Was this the Lord s leadership or man s? (see 11:9) be our head (8) S 5 b. The rash vow of Jephthah See Judges 11:30-31 And Jephthah made a vow to the LORD: If you give the Ammonites into my hands, whatever comes out of the door of my house to meet me when I return in triumph from the Ammonites will be the LORD s, and I will sacrifice it as a burnt offering. Consider the vow: (1) Was it human sacrifice? (2) Was it dedication to perpetual service? (3) Refer to The Vow of Jephthah c. Jephthah and Ephraim (Judg. 12:1-7) 93

94 9. Judgeship of IBZAN (12:8-10) 10. Judgeship of ELON (12:11-12) 11. Judgeship of ABDON (12:13-15) 12. Judgeship of SAMSON (13:1-16:31) SAMSON Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Birth of Samson Marriage of Samson Deeds of Samson Downfall of Samson Sin Cycle Miraculous birth Nazirite vow Spirit of the Lord Samson s demand Spirit of the Lord Riddles & Rashness Philistine troubles Spirit of the Lord Judge for 20 years Deception & Deliliah Nazirite vow broken Lord had left him Death C. Judges ** Appendix to Judges : out of chronological order 1. Micah and the Sons of Dan (17:1-18:31) 2. Levite and the Benjamite War (19:1-21:25) 94

95 VII. THE BOOK OF RUTH A. Refer to Handout, Ruth B. Major Purposes: 1. Ancestory of King David (the line of the future Messiah) 2. Concept of Go el (kinsman-redeemer) S 5 3. Character of God (sovereignty, providence, care, mercy, grace, lovingkindness = Heb. hesed) VIII. FOR LESSON 6: KINGSHIP: UNITED MONARCHY A. Minimal Reading: 1 Sam. 1, 3, 8 (Panorama 1.0) B. Maximum Reading: 1 Sam. 1-8 (Panorama 2.0) C. Personal Project: Take a person through the Timeline for this session (review previous Movements as well). Draw and explain this as best you can. 95

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97 MOVEMENT: APOSTASY (#5 of 12) BOOKS OF THE BIBLE: Judges, Ruth BROAD OUTLINE: JUDGES I. DAYS OF THE JUDGES (1-3) II. DEEDS OF THE JUDGES (3-16) III. DIFFICULTIES DURING THE JUDGES (17-21) KEY THEMES / PEOPLE: I. Days of the Judges (1-3) sin cycle II. Deeds of the Judges (3-16) Othniel Ehud Deborah Gideon Jephthah Samson III. Difficulties during the Judges (17-21) idolatry civil war 97

98 SIN CYCLE IN JUDGES Rest (blessing) a a Rebellion ( did evil ) a Restoration (the judges) SIN CYCLE IN JUDGES a Retribution (the oppressors) a Repentance ( cried out ) 98

99 THE MAJOR AND MINOR JUDGES MAJOR JUDGES NAME 1. Othniel 2. Ehud 3. Deborah 4. Gideon 5. Jephthah 6. Samson 7. Eli 8. Samuel SCRIPTURE REFERENCE Judges 3:1-11 Judges 3:15-30 Judges 4:1-5:31 Judges 6:1-8:35 Judges 10:6-12:7 Judges 13:1-16:31 NOTES MINOR JUDGES 1. Shamgar 2. Tola 3. Jair 4. Ibzan 5. Elon 6. Abdon Judges 3:31 (5:6) Judges 10:1-2 Judges 10:3-5 Judges 12:8-10 Judges 12:11-12 Judges 12:

100 THE OPPRESSORS & JUDGES OF ISRAEL OPPRESSOR (KING) DATE JUDGE TRIBE REF. NOTES 1. Mesopotamia (Cushan-rishathaim) 14th BC Othniel (Judah) 3: Moab (Eglon) 14-13th BC Ehud (Benjamin) 3: Philistia?-13th BC Shamgar 3:31 4. Canaan (Jabin) 13-12th BC Deborah (Ephraim) 4:1-5:31 5. Midian (Oreb, Zeeb, Zebah,Zalmunna) 12th BC Gideon Manasseh) 6:1-8:35 6. Civil War of Abimelech 12th BC 9: ? 12th BC Tola (Issachar) 10:1-2 8.? 12th BC Jair (Gilead) 10: Ammon 12-11th BC Jephthah Ibzan Elon Abdon (Gilead) (Judah??) (Zebulun) (Ephraim) 10:6-12:7 12: : : Philistia 12-11th BC Samson (Dan) 13:1-16:31 100

101 MOVEMENT: APOSTASY (#5 of 12) BOOKS OF THE BIBLE: JUDGES, RUTH BROAD OUTLINE: RUTH Chapter Title 1 Ruth and Naomi: Returning to Judah 2 Ruth and Boaz: Gleaning in the Fields 3 Ruth and Boaz: Lying on the Threshing Floor 4 Ruth and Boaz: Marrying the Kinsman-Redeemer Key Time-frame: In the days when the judges ruled... (Ruth 1:1) Key Characters: Naomi, Ruth, Boaz Key Locations: Key Concepts: From Moab to Bethlehem Widows plight Kinsman-Redeemer (Levirate Law) Genealogy of David (and Christ) 101

102 PANORAMA OF THE BIBLE THE VOW OF JEPHTHAH by Robert V. Cupp Judges 11:30-31 (NASB) And Jephthah made a vow to the LORD and said, If Thou wilt indeed give the sons of Ammon into my hand, then it shall be that whatever comes out of the doors of my house to meet me when I return in peace from the sons of Ammon, it shall be the LORD s, and I will offer it up as a burnt offering. Judges 11:30-31 (KJV) And Jephthah vowed a vow unto the LORD, and said, If thou shalt without fail deliver the children of Ammon into mine hands, Then it shall be, that whatsoever cometh forth of the doors of my house to meet me, when I return in peace from the children of Ammon, shall surely be the LORD s, and I will offer it up for a burnt offering. Judges 11:30-31 (NIV) And Jephthah made a vow to the LORD: If you give the Ammonites into my hands, whatever comes out of the door of my house to meet me when I return in triumph from the Ammonites will be the LORD S, and I will sacrifice it as a burnt offering. CENTRAL QUESTION: WHAT WAS JEPTHAH S VOW? Did Jephthah actually sacrifice his daughter in obedience to his vow unto the Lord or did Jephthah dedicate his daughter to celibate and perpetual service to unto the Lord? SCHOLARLY OPINION: Scholars differ in their determination. The following list gives selected prominent scholars for each of the two major viewpoints. 102

103 Panorama of the Bible SACRIFICED DEDICATED 1. H.A. Hoffner 2. C.F. Pfeiffer 3. Josephus 4. M. Luther 5. J.B. Payne 6. F.F. Bruce 7. A.C. Gaebelein 8. A. Barnes 9. J.J. Davis 10. J.M. Meyers 1. I.L. Jensen 2. G.L. Archer 3. C.F. Keil 4. L. Wood 5. J.V. McGee 6. F.E. Young MAIN ARGUMENTS: SACRIFICED 1. The Hebrew word for burnt offering (olah) has the idea of sacrificial, burnt offering. 2. Jephthah s questionable background and early influences plus later human sacrifices in Scripture (2 Kings 3; 2 Chron. 28; 2 Kings 21) make the incident probable and expected. 3. Simply because Jephthah was a judge does not make him without sin (cf Gideon s ephod, Samson s questionable activities, etc.). 4. If Jephthah was capable of slaughtering 42,000 fellow Israelites over a dispute (Judges 12), certainly he is capable of this rash act. 5. The bewailing of the daughter s virginity (11:36-40) seems best to be linked to impending death. 6. The natural reading of the text makes a literal sacrifice most likely. DEDICATED 1. God condemned human sacrifice (Lev. 18:21; 20:2-5; Deut. 12:31, etc.) and Jephthah would have known this (for Jephthah s knowledge of Israelite history and law, see 11:15-27). 2. Jephthah knew a human being would meet him because an animal sacrifice would be inappropriate for such a great victory. 3. Jephthah was a godly man (cf. Heb. 11 and also the good context of 1 Sam. 12:11) and would not do this, particularly after the Spirit of the Lord came upon him (11:29). 4. If the daughter was to be slain, there seems to be no point in bemoaning her virginity (11: 37-39). 5. Women are recorded as working in the Tabernacle (1 Sam. 2:22; Ex. 38:8). 103

104 Panorama of the Bible 6. The conjunction ( waw ) could be translated or as well as and. Here, the or translation fits best. 7. Jephthah is emotionally balanced and not a rash, impulsive man (note his attempt to negotiate peace, deep consideration of the offer to be the leader of Gilead; note also the character of his daughter whom he had raised). 8. What of public opinion? Where could such a sacrifice have been accomplished? Who would do it? (Would a Levitical priest do such a thing, even in a vow to the Lord?) In 1 Sam. 14:39-45, Saul s soldiers (public opinion) prevent Jonathon (Saul s son) from being put to death by his father. 9. What statement in Judges 11 or any other passage records that the daughter of Jephthah was burned, killed or in any way lost her life? 10. Following the statement that Jephthah observed his vow is the next phrase that his daughter had no relations with a man (11:39). If sacrificial death was the vow, then the sexual abstinence report makes no sense. FOR FURTHER RESEARCH: Read the arguments of the following scholars in their respective works: SACRIFICED 1) Davis, John J. and Whitcomb, John C. A History of Israel. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1980, pp DEDICATED 2) Wood, Leon. Distressing Days of the Judges. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1975, pp

105 SESSION 6 PANORAMA Movement #6 Kingship: United Monarchy I. PRAYER / REVIEW (TIMELINE) A. Movements 1. Prologue...4 major events? 2. Patriarchs...4 major characters? 3. Redemption...3 key events (types) from Exodus? Wanderings...12 spies report? 4. Conquest...3 major events from Joshua? 5. Apostasy...Sin cycle (12 judges)? S 6 TODAY 6. Kingship: United Monarchy...3 kings? B. Movement #6: Kingship: United Monarchy (Timeline) 105

106 II. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL RELATED TO UNITED MONARCHY (end of this section) A. 1-2 Samuel (Focus on Saul & David) B. Saul: A Study in Contrasts C. The Life of David (Chronology) D. Types of Psalms E. Timeline (with Books of the Bible ) F. I Kings / 2 Chronicles (Focus on Solomon) G. Solomon s Writings (Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon) III. OVERVIEW TO THE BOOKS OF SAMUEL (2), KINGS (2) AND CHRONICLES (2) A. Refer to Various Handouts (See Section II above) B. Book of Samuel (or 1-2 Samuel) 1. Key people: Eli...priest Samuel...priest Saul...king David...king 2. I Samuel: 115 year period I SAMUEL The Judges The Kings 106

107 3. Key Events (chapters in I Samuel) a. Judgment on the house of Eli (2-3) Eli s sons were wicked men; they had no regard for the LORD. (1 Sam. 2:12) Now Eli, who was very old, heard about everything his sons were doing to all Israel and how they slept with the women who served at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. So he said to them, Why do you do such things? I hear from all the people about these wicked deeds of yours. No, my sons; it is not a good report that I hear spreading among the LORD s people. If a man sins against another man, God may mediate for him; but if a man sins against the LORD, who will intercede for him? His sons, however, did not listen to their father s rebuke, for it was the LORD s will to put them to death. (1 Sam. 2:22-25) b. Birth & call of Samuel (1, 3) S 6 Once when they had finished eating and drinking in Shiloh, Hannah stood up. Now Eli the priest was sitting on a chair by the doorpost of the LORD s temple. In bitterness of soul Hannah wept much and prayed to the LORD. And she made a vow, saying, O LORD Almighty, if you will only look upon your servant s misery and remember me, and not forget your servant but give her a son, then I will give him to the LORD for all the days of his life, and no razor will ever be used on his head. (1 Sam. 1:9-11)...and she said to him, As surely as you live, my lord, I am the woman who stood here beside you praying to the LORD. I prayed for this child, and the LORD has granted me what I asked of him. So now I give him to the LORD. For his whole life he will be given over to the LORD. And he worshiped the LORD there. (1 Sam. 1:26-28) The LORD was with Samuel as he grew up, and he let none of his words fall to the ground. And all Israel from Dan to Beersheba recognized that Samuel was attested as a prophet of the LORD. (1 Sam. 3:19-20) 107

108 c. Israel asks for a king (8) So all the elders of Israel gathered together and came to Samuel at Ramah. They said to him, You are old, and your sons do not walk in your ways; now appoint a king to lead us, such as all the other nations have. (1 Sam. 8:4-5) But the people refused to listen to Samuel. No! they said. We want a king over us. Then we will be like all the other nations, with a king to lead us and to go out before us and fight our battles. When Samuel heard all that the people said, he repeated it before the LORD. The LORD answered, Listen to them and give them a king. Then Samuel said to the men of Israel, Everyone go back to his town. (1 Sam. 8:19-22) d. Samuel anoints Saul as king (9)...the day before Saul came, the LORD had revealed this to Samuel: About this time tomorrow I will send you a man from the land of Benjamin. Anoint him leader over my people Israel; he will deliver my people from the hand of the Philistines. I have looked upon my people, for their cry has reached me. When Samuel caught sight of Saul, the LORD said to him, This is the man I spoke to you about; he will govern my people. (1 Sam. 9:15-17) e. YHWH rejects Saul as king (15) Then the word of the LORD came to Samuel: I am grieved that I have made Saul king, because he has turned away from me and has not carried out my instructions. Samuel was troubled, and he cried out to the LORD all that night. (1 Sam. 15:10-11) 108

109 f. Samuel anoints David as (future) king (16) The LORD said to Samuel, How long will you mourn for Saul, since I have rejected him as king over Israel? Fill your horn with oil and be on your way; I am sending you to Jesse of Bethlehem. I have chosen one of his sons to be king. (1 Sam. 16:1) So he sent and had him brought in. He was ruddy, with a fine appearance and handsome features. Then the LORD said, Rise and anoint him; he is the one. So Samuel took the horn of oil and anointed him in the presence of his brothers, and from that day on the Spirit of the LORD came upon David in power. Samuel then went to Ramah. (1 Sam. 16:12-13) g. Strife between Saul and David (18ff) The next day an evil spirit from God came forcefully upon Saul. He was prophesying in his house, while David was playing the harp, as he usually did. Saul had a spear in his hand and he hurled it, saying to himself, I ll pin David to the wall. But David eluded him twice. Saul was afraid of David, because the LORD was with David but had left Saul. (1 Sam. 18:10-12) S 6 h. Saul takes his own life (31) The fighting grew fierce around Saul, and when the archers overtook him, they wounded him critically. Saul said to his armor-bearer, Draw your sword and run me through, or these uncircumcised fellows will come and run me through and abuse me. But his armor-bearer was terrified and would not do it; so Saul took his own sword and fell on it. (1 Sam. 31:3-4) 109

110 4. 2 Samuel: high and lows of King David a. King David: Looking Good (1-10) Pivotal Event: Bathsheba affair (Nathan the prophet) Pivotal Neglect: Ten Commandments (Ex. 20) b. King David: Looking Bad (11-24) C. Book of Kings (1-2 Kings) 1. The reign of Solomon...last king of the United Monarchy 2. The split of the kingdom at Solomon s death (931 BC) a. Israel in the North (led by Jeroboam I) b. Judah in the South (led by Rehoboam) 3. The story of Israel s 19 kings (Assyrian captivity) 110

111 4. The story of Judah s 19 kings / 1 queen (Babylonian captivity) 5. The ministry of many of the prophets (non-writing and writing prophets) D. Book of Chronicles (1-2 Chronicles) 1. Unknown author (Ezra??) 2. Overviews human history from Adam to the fall of Judah (to Babylon) *Note 1 Chronicles 1-9 (genealogies) 3. Approaches Jewish history primarily through Judah and the lineage of David. *Note a highly favorable view of David & Solomon (much negative from Samuel & Kings deleted) S 6 111

112 IV. OVERVIEW TO FOUR MAJOR CHARACTERS A. Samuel 1. Transition figure from time of the judges to the monarchy. 2. Three (3) roles: a. Judge (1 Sam. 7:6, 15-17; 12:11) b. Prophet (Acts 3:24; I Sam. 3:20) c. Priest (Ps. 99:6; a Levite = 1 Sam. 1:1 with I Chron. 6:34) 3. Character: a. Man of prayer (I Sam. 7:5-10; 8:6; 12:19-23) b. Man of distinction (I Sam. 2:26; cf. 2:18-21) And the boy Samuel continued to grow in stature and in favor with the LORD and with men. (1 Sam. 2:26) And Jesus grew in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and men. (Luke 2:52) c. Man of integrity (as compared to the wicked sons of Eli I Sam. 2:22-26) Now Eli, who was very old, heard about everything his sons were doing to all Israel and how they slept with the women who served at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. So he said to them, Why do you do such things? I hear from all the people about these wicked deeds of yours. No, my sons; it is not a good report that I hear spreading among the LORD s people. If a man sins against another man, God may mediate for him; but if a man sins against the LORD, who will intercede for him? His sons, however, did not listen to their father s rebuke, for it was the LORD s will to put them to death. And the boy Samuel continued to grow in stature and in favor with the LORD and with men. 112

113 d. Man of failed legacy (I Sam. 8:1-3) When Samuel grew old, he appointed his sons as judges for Israel. The name of his firstborn was Joel and the name of his second was Abijah, and they served at Beersheba. But his sons did not walk in his ways. They turned aside after dishonest gain and accepted bribes and perverted justice. 4. The kingship issue: was it wrong of the elders of Israel (and the people) to request a king? Key questions: a. Was Israel never to have a king? (Gen. 17:5-7; 35:11; Deut. 17:14-17) No longer will you be called Abram; your name will be Abraham, for I have made you a father of many nations. I will make you very fruitful; I will make nations of you, and kings will come from you. I will establish my covenant as an everlasting covenant between me and you and your descendants after you for the generations to come, to be your God and the God of your descendants after you. (Gen 17:5-7) S 6 And God said to him, I am God Almighty; be fruitful and increase in number. A nation and a community of nations will come from you, and kings will come from your body. (Gen. 35:11) When you enter the land the LORD your God is giving you and have taken possession of it and settled in it, and you say, Let us set a king over us like all the nations around us, be sure to appoint over you the king the LORD your God chooses. He must be from among your own brothers. Do not place a foreigner over you, one who is not a brother Israelite. The king, moreover, must not acquire great numbers of horses for himself or make the people return to Egypt to get more of them, for the LORD has told you, You are not to go back that way again. He must not take many wives, or his heart will be led astray. He must not accumulate large amounts of silver and gold. (Deut. 17:14-17) 113

114 b. What kind of king was being requested? (I Sam. 8:5, 19:20) They said to him, You are old, and your sons do not walk in your ways; now appoint a king to lead us, such as all the other nations have. (1 Sam. 8:5) But the people refused to listen to Samuel. No! they said. We want a king over us. Then we will be like all the other nations, with a king to lead us and to go out before us and fight our battles. (1 Sam. 19:20) c. What was the Lord s response? (I Sam. 8:7) And the LORD told him: Listen to all that the people are saying to you; it is not you they have rejected, but they have rejected me as their king. (1 Sam. 8:7) Reflection: A king was intended; one who was God s choice and in God s timing (of the tribe of Judah; see Gen. 48:10 ff); the selection of Saul (a Benjamite) may have been allowed, but was perhaps pre-mature... what do you think? d. The selection of Saul (I Sam. 9; cf. I Sam. 12:9-11) 114

115 B. Saul 1. Refer Saul: A Study in Contrasts 2. Three movements in Saul s life: a. Early promise A man of standing (influence, wealth or valor -- I Sam. 9:1) A man of stature (I Sam. 9:2) A man of humility (I Sam. 9:21) A man of discretion -- initially (I Sam. 10:27) A man of courage (I Sam. 11:6, 11) A man endowed with the Spirit (I Sam. 10:10) S 6 A man of leadership (I Sam. 10:26) This was the young Saul of fair promise. Extraordinarily rich in natural endowments, and specially equipped by supernatural conferments, the future seemed bright indeed. His call to the kingship was an opportunity in a million, coming to a man in a million. He was called to the kingship, and he was constitutionally kingly... He betrayed none of the symptoms of vain-glory which others, less gifted than himself, have betrayed when suddenly elevated. (J. Sidlow Baxter, Explore the Book, 2:57-28) 115

116 b. Middle decline Foolish sacrifice -- did not wait for Samuel (I Sam. 13:5-14) Rash vow (oath) -- honey and Jonathon (I Sam. 14:24, 43-45) Partial obedience to the herem ban on the Amalekites (I Sam. 15:1-11) Jealousy of David (I Sam ) c. Final failure Consults the witch of Endor (I Sam. 28) Takes his own life (I Sam. 31) 116

117 C. David 1. See The Life of David (Chronology) 2. Three movements in David s life: a. Training Life as a shepherd (I Sam ) Life as a servant (Saul s court; I Sam. 16:14-23) b. Triumphs Life as a soldier (I Sam. 18:1-5) S 6 Covenant with Jonathon (I Sam. 18:1-4) Victory over Goliath (I Sam. 17) Mercy with Saul (I Sam. 24; esp ) Acknowledged as king over all of Israel and Judah (2 Sam. 5:3-5) Ark of the Covenant brought to Jerusalem (2 Sam. 6) 117

118 Davidic Covenant (2 Sam. 7) David s victories (2 Sam. 8-10) c. Tragedies Defining Moment Sin with Bathsheba (2 Sam. 11:1-5) Murder of Uriah (2 Sam. 11:6-17) Exposure by Nathan (2 Sam. 12:1-14) Family troubles: murder, incest, rebellion, anarchy (2 Sam ) Sin of the census (2 Sam. 24) David had his faults. He did much that was very wrong, but he kept his nation from going into idolatry. Although his private sins were grievous, he stood like a rock for Jehovah. He sinned, but he repented and gave God a chance to forgive and cleanse him. He illustrates the conflict that Paul describes in Romans 7. He was a great saint even though he was a great sinner. (H. Mears, What the Bible is All About, 127) 118

119 D. Solomon 1. Refer to I Kings / 2 Chronicles (Focus on Solomon) 2. Key events: a. Chosen / challenged to succeed David as king (cf. I Kgs. 1:28-35; 2:1-4) b. Requested wisdom (I Kgs. 3:4-15) c. Builds the first Temple (I Kgs. 6) d. Splendor of his kingship (I Kgs. 10) S 6 3. Downfall: a. Admonition to all kings over Israel (Deut. 17:14-20) Do not multiply horses (I Kgs. 10:26-29) Do not multiply wives (I Kgs. 11:3) Do not (excessively) multiply silver and gold (I Kgs. 10:24) 119

120 b. End result: see I Kings 11:9-10 The LORD became angry with Solomon because his heart had turned away from the LORD, the God of Israel, who had appeared to him twice. Although he had forbidden Solomon to follow other gods, Solomon did not keep the LORD s command. V. OTHER BIBLICAL BOOKS IN UNITED MONARCHY A. Refer to Timeline (with Books of the Bible ) B. David s Authorship of Selected Psalms Refer to Types of Psalms C. Solomon s Authorship 1. Refer to Proverbs - Ecclesiastes - Song of Solomon 2. Possible dates... a. Song of Solomon: early (love & innocence) b. Proverbs: middle (wisdom & thought) c. Ecclesiastes: late (regret & disillusionment) 120

121 VI. TIMELINE: KINGSHIP: UNITED MONARCHY S 6 VII. FOR LESSON 7: KINGSHIP: DIVIDED MONARCHY A. Minimal: I Kings (Panorama 1.0) B. Maximum: I Kings 17-19; Habakkuk (to Judah); Amos or Hosea (to Israel) (Panorama 2.0) C. Personal Project: Take a person through the Timeline for this session (review previous Movements as well). Draw and explain this as best you can. 121

122 MOVEMENT: KINGSHIP: UNITED MONARCHY (#6 of 12) BOOKS OF THE BIBLE: HISTORICAL: 1-2 SAMUEL; 1 KINGS 1-11 (also 1 CHRONICLES; 2 CHRONICLES 1-9) POETICAL: PSALMS (some); PROVERBS; ECCLESIASTES; SONG OF SOLOMON PROPHETICAL: NONE BROAD OUTLINE: 1 SAMUEL I. The Story of Eli and Samuel (1-7) II. The Story of Samuel and Saul (7-15) III. The Story of Saul and David (16-31) 2 SAMUEL I. King David: Looking Good (1-10) II. King David: Looking Bad (11-24) 122

123 MOVEMENT: KINGSHIP: UNITED MONARCHY (#6 of 12) SUBJECT: Saul (son of Kish, a Benjamite) SAUL : A STUDY IN CONTRASTS ( 1 SAMUEL ) Positive Traits (Actions) Impressive young (or choice ) man (9:2) Head taller than peers (9:2) Early humility about family (9:21) Enabled by the Holy Spirit... changed into a different person (10:6-7) Prophesied with the prophets (10:10-11) Early humility about recognition as new king (10:20-22) Good early impression with the people (10:23-26) Restraint with early detractors (10:27) Righteous anger against Ammonite aggression and arrogance (11:6-8) Did not seek revenge on his early detractors (11:12-13) Negative Traits (Actions) Foolishly and inappropriately offered a sacrifice (did not wait for Samuel) (13:7-14) Enacted a rash oath upon the people in time of war - must not eat (14:24) Attempted to kill his son for breaking Saul s rash vow - action thwarted by his soldiers (14:43-45) Disobeyed (with his army) instructions from the Lord concerning the spoils of battle with the Amalekites (15:7-11) Was prideful over his victory over the Amalekites (15:12) and dishonest with Samuel over his disobedience (15:13-23) Concerned about appearances before the people - not his disobedience (15:24-31) Spirit of the Lord departed from Saul and evil spirit from the Lord tormented him (16:14) Became jealous of the people s praise of David (after killing Goliath) (18:6-9) Became afraid of David because of the Lord s obvious presence with him; led to Saul s enmity with David (18:28-29) Plotted to have David murdered (19:1); attempted to kill David with a spear (19:9-10); attempted to kill David with assassins (19:11); sent men to capture David (19:19) In anger, threw a spear at his own son, Jonathon (19:32-34) Pursued David relentlessly (23:7ff); upon realizing David spared his life, offered words of repentance (24:14-22); later searched for David with his army to again try to kill him (26:2-4); David again spares Saul s life (26:13-21) and again Saul professes repentance Sought counsel from the witch of Endor (28:5-19) Wounded in battle, Saul takes his own life (31:1-6) 123

124 MOVEMENT: KINGSHIP: UNITED MONARCHY (#6 of 12) BOOKS OF THE BIBLE: 1-2 Samuel; 1 Kings (1 Chronicles) SUBJECT: A Chronology of David s Life (based upon Dr. Tom Constable quoting Dr. Eugene Merrill, Kingdom of Priests) The Life of David Event Date (BC) Age Reference 124 Birth Anointing by Samuel Defeat of Goliath Exile from Saul Anointing as King over Judah Anointing as King over all Israel Philistines Wars Conquest of Jerusalem Mephibosheth s Move to Jerusalem The Three Year Famine The Ammonite Wars Adultery and Murder Birth of Solomon Rape of Tamar Death of Amnon Exile of Absalom Absalom s Return to Jerusalem Construction of Palace Construction of Tabernacle Move of Ark to Jerusalem Absalom s Rebellion and David s Exile Rebellion of Sheba The Census Purchase of Temple Site The Davidic Covenant Co-regency with Solomon Rebellion of Adonijah Coronation of Solomon Death Sam. 5:4-5 1 Sam. 16: Sam 17 1 Sam Sam 2:1-4 2 Sam 5:1-3 2 Sam 5: Sam. 5: Sam. 9: Sam 21: Sam Sam Sam. 12: Sam. 13: Sam. 13: Sam 13: Sam 14: Chron. 15:1 1 Chron. 15:1 2 Sam. 6: Sam Sam. 20: Sam. 24: Sam. 24: Sam. 7 1 Chron. 23:1 1 Kings 1: Chron. 29: Kings 2:10-11

125 MOVEMENT: KINGSHIP: UNITED MONARCHY (#6 of 12) BOOKS OF THE BIBLE: PSALMS TYPES OF PSALMS The collection of hymn praises referred to as the Book of Psalms can be distinguished by type of psalm. These are not grouped together systematically in the Books of Psalms but are scattered throughout. The most common topical classifications follow. I. Prophetic (or Messianic) A. Explanation. In these psalms, there is a predominant prophetic note. Jensen notes: There is a strong prophetic character of the Psalms. Many of the hymns prophesy the suffering and sorrows of God s people, Israel, and their coming deliverance, restoration, and blessing in a future glorious kingdom. But, most of all, they prophesy of Christ in His two advents: His first advent in humiliation, and His second advent in glory. B. Examples. Psalms 2; 20-24; 41; 68; 118 II. Praise (Hallelujah or Thanksgiving) A. Explanation. These psalms are characterized by the word praise or the exclamation hallelujah. While all of the psalms are basically hymn-praises, these psalms are particularly so. B. Examples. Psalms 16; 18; 72; 89; 106; III. Petition (Supplication or Lament) A. Explanation. The petition psalm contains the pleas and cries of the psalmist for assistance or aid either for himself or for others. Generally they are addressed directly to God. B. Examples. Psalms 3; 44;

126 IV. Penitential A. Explanation. The major characteristic of the penitential psalm is the confession of sin which is the predominant theme. B. Examples. Psalms 6; 32; 51; 102; 130 V. Pastoral (Creation, Nature). A. Explanation. As a general category, those psalms which speak of God s handiwork or the imagery of the idyllic setting of the pasture, shepherd and sheep; can be termed pastoral or nature. B. Examples. Psalms 8; 19; 23; 33; 104 VI. Precept (Didactic). A. Explanation. Those psalms which contain formal instructions or that give precepts for living are classified under this heading. B. Examples. Psalms 1; 5; 19; 37; 94; 101; 119 VII. Patriotic (Historical) A. Explanation. The patriotic psalms deal specifically with the history of the covenant people, Israel. These often mention historical notes or figures as well as reflect upon a kind of theocratic patriotism. Elements of the designation occur throughout the Psalter. B. Examples. Psalms 44; 78; 105; 108; 126;

127 VIII. Pilgrim (Pilgrimage) A. Explanation. Geisler explains the pilgrim psalm as follows: The children of Israel would sing psalms on their way to festal holy days in Jerusalem. These are commonly called songs of degrees or ascent, so named from the climb toward Jerusalem. B. Examples. Psalms IX. Personal Trust (Devotional) A. Explanation. These psalms demonstrate the desire and heart of the psalmist to know God better through personal experience. B. Examples. Psalms 4; 11; 46; 101. X. Imprecatory (Cursing or Woe) A. Explanation. These psalms express the desire of the psalmist for God to judge and punish his enemies. B. Examples. Psalms 7; 32; 52; 109; 140. N.B. The psalms can also contain an element of one or more of these categories. Thus, it is not surprising to have a combination of categories in one psalm. The ten types are not conclusive but simply representative of the major kinds of psalms. Other types could be listed. NOTES Irving L. Jensen, Jensen s Survey of the Old Testament, p Norman L. Geisler, A Popular Survey of the Old Testament, p

128 MOVEMENT: KINGSHIP: UNITED MONARCHY (#6 of 12) TIMELINE: Jeroboam I SAUL DAVID SOLOMON 1051 BC DIVIDED KINGSHIP Rehoboam BOOKS OF THE BIBLE: SAUL S LIFE DAVID S LIFE SOLOMON S LIFE 1 SAMUEL 1-2 SAMUEL 1 KINGS PSALMS (selected) PSALMS (selected) 1 CHRONICLES PROVERBS (selected) ECCLESIASTES SONG OF SOLOMON 2 CHRONICLES 128

129 MOVEMENT: KINGSHIP: UNITED MONARCHY (6 of 12) FOCUS: SOLOMON; THIRD KING OVER THE UNITED EMPIRE HISTORICAL BOOKS: 1 KINGS I. RISE OF SOLOMON AND THE UNITED KINGDOM (1-11) II. DEATH OF SOLOMON AND THE DIVIDED KINGDOM (12-22) 2 CHRONICLES I. THE REIGN OF KING SOLOMON (1-9) II. THE REIGNS OF THE KINGS OF JUDAH (10-36) SOLOMON S WRITINGS: A. Psalms 72; 127 B. Proverbs (most; other contributors include Agur and Lemuel) C. Ecclesiastes D. Song of Solomon 129

130 MOVEMENT: KINGSHIP: UNITED MONARCHY (#6 of 12) SOLOMON S WRITINGS: 1 KINGS 4:29, 32, 34 (NIV) God gave Solomon wisdom and very great insight, and a breadth of understanding as measureless as the sand on the seashore...he spoke three thousand proverbs and his songs numbered a thousand and five...men of all nations came to listen to Solomon s wisdom... PROVERBS: PROVERBS CHAPTERS AUTHOR THEME 1 Solomon Purpose and Benefits of Proverbs (1:1-7) Fatherly advice ( my son ) 1-9 Solomon Wisdom for youth Personification of wisdom First collection of random proverbs Solomon Generally, one-verse proverbs Solomon Second collection of random proverbs (Hezekiah s men) Generally, one-verse proverbs More proverbs 30 Agur Numerical proverbs More proverbs 31 Lemuel (31:10-31) Alphabetical accrostic on Virtuous Woman 130

131 ECCLESIASTES: ECCLESIASTES I. Author (1:1) II. Theme (1:2-11): Meaningless/Vanity/Futility/Absurdity... under the sun III. Wisdom is Meaningless (1:12-18) IV. Pleasures are Meaningless (2:1-11) V. Rewind: Wisdom is Meaningless (2:12-17) VI. Toil (work) is Meaningless (2:17-24) Philosophical Interlude: Time for All Things vs. Eternal Things (3:1-22) VII. Five Issues of Life (4:1-5:6) and The Answer (5:7) A. Power (4:1-3) D. Fleeting Popularity (4:13-16) B. Unhealthy Envy (4:4-6) E. Superficial Religion (5:1-6) C. Lonely Achievement (4:7-12) Answer (5:7) VIII. Riches are Meaningless (5:8-20) IX. Wealth, Possessions, Honor are Meaningless (fleeting) (6:1-12) X. Wisdom Living in the Midst of Meaninglessness (7:1-12:8) Theological Conclusion: Fear God and obey (12:9-14) SONG OF SOLOMON: SONG OF SOLOMON Author: Solomon (1:1; also see 3:7, 9, 11) Literal Theme: The beauty of marital love Allegorical Theme: The love of God for His covenant people (O.T.) and/or the love of Christ for His bride/the church (N.T.) Structure: Drama with 3 Main Characters: 1) Beloved (woman) 2) Lover (man) 3) Chorus ( daughters of Jerusalem ) Distinctive features: Poetical expressions of love/sexuality Emotional (as opposed to rational...like Ecclesiastes) Metaphors and oriental imagery abound 131

132

133 SESSION 7 PANORAMA Movement #7 Kingship: Divided Monarchy I. PRAYER / REVIEW (TIMELINE) A. Review: MOVEMENT BIBLICAL BOOKS 1. Prologue 2. Patriarchs 3. Redemption / Wanderings 4. Conquest 5. Apostasy S 7 6. Kingship: United Monarchy 7. Kingship: Divided Monarchy B. Timeline: See Pre-Tab 1 Timeline 133

134 II. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL RELATED TO DIVIDED MONARCHY (end of this section) A. Kingship: Divided Monarchy (Timeline) B. Kingship: Divided Monarchy (Books of the Bible) C. Prophets (Timeline Chart) D. Writing Prophets (List) E. Kings & Prophets F. Prophets (from ZPEB) N.B. The student should be familiar with the previous charts. When studying various kings and prophets, reference tools are indispensible for understanding chronological and geographical flow. III. DIVISION OF THE KINGDOM A. Background 1. Three (3) kings of the United Monarchy Tribe a. ( ) b. ( ) c. ( ) 134

135 2. Solomon: Focal point of the split of the United Kingship a. Accomplishments: Temple (1 Kings 6) and Palace (1 Kings 7) Ark from Mt. Zion to Temple Mount (2 Samuel 5:7; 1 Kings 8:1,6) Wisdom (refer to 1 Kings 4:29-34) Expansion / Wealth (refer to 1 Kings 10:23-29) b. Failures: Solomon s disobedience: I Kings 11:1-5 King Solomon, however, loved many foreign women besides Pharaoh s daughter Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Sidonians and Hittites. They were from nations about which the LORD had told the Israelites, You must not intermarry with them, because they will surely turn your hearts after their gods. Nevertheless, Solomon held fast to them in love. He had seven hundred wives of royal birth and three hundred concubines, and his wives led him astray. As Solomon grew old, his wives turned his heart after other gods, and his heart was not fully devoted to the LORD his God, as the heart of David his father had been. He followed Ashtoreth the goddess of the Sidonians, and Molech the detestable god of the Ammonites S 7 135

136 YHWH s anger: I Kings 11:9-13 The LORD became angry with Solomon because his heart had turned away from the LORD, the God of Israel, who had appeared to him twice. Although he had forbidden Solomon to follow other gods, Solomon did not keep the LORD s command. So the LORD said to Solomon, Since this is your attitude and you have not kept my covenant and my decrees, which I commanded you, I will most certainly tear the kingdom away from you and give it to one of your subordinates. Nevertheless, for the sake of David your father, I will not do it during your lifetime. I will tear it out of the hand of your son. Yet I will not tear the whole kingdom from him, but will give him one tribe for the sake of David my servant and for the sake of Jerusalem, which I have chosen. c. Death: I Kings 11:41-43 As for the other events of Solomon s reign all he did and the wisdom he displayed are they not written in the book of the annals of Solomon? Solomon reigned in Jerusalem over all Israel forty years. Then he rested with his fathers and was buried in the city of David his father. And Rehoboam his son succeeded him as king. B. Split of the Kingdom 1. Previous animosities among tribes (2 Sam. 19:40-43) 2. Personal failure of Solomon (I Kgs. 11:1-5) 3. Rash behavior of Solomon s son, Rehoboam 136

137 a. The question of Jeroboam, leader of the northern tribes (called Israel): I Kings 12:1-5 Rehoboam went to Shechem, for all the Israelites had gone there to make him king. When Jeroboam son of Nebat heard this (he was still in Egypt, where he had fled from King Solomon), he returned from Egypt. So they sent for Jeroboam, and he and the whole assembly of Israel went to Rehoboam and said to him: Your father put a heavy yoke on us, but now lighten the harsh labor and the heavy yoke he put on us, and we will serve you. b. The reply of Rehoboam to the northern tribes: I Kings 12:5 Rehoboam answered, Go away for three days and then come back to me. So the people went away. c. The resultant actions of Rehoboam: Consulted with the elders who served his father, Solomon (I Kgs. 12:6-7) S 7 Then King Rehoboam consulted the elders who had served his father Solomon during his lifetime. How would you advise me to answer these people? he asked. They replied, If today you will be a servant to these people and serve them and give them a favorable answer, they will always be your servants. Consulted with his cronies, the young men of his youth (I Kgs. 12:8-11) The young men who had grown up with him replied, Tell these people who have said to you, Your father put a heavy yoke on us, but make our yoke lighter tell them, My little finger is thicker than my father s waist. My father laid on you a heavy yoke; I will make it even heavier. My father scourged you with whips; I will scourge you with scorpions. (12:10-11) 137

138 d. The decision of Rehoboam and its aftermath: split of the Kingdom Note Israel s words: I Kings 12:12-17 Three days later Jeroboam and all the people returned to Rehoboam, as the king had said, Come back to me in three days. The king answered the people harshly. Rejecting the advice given him by the elders, he followed the advice of the young men and said, My father made your yoke heavy; I will make it even heavier. My father scourged you with whips; I will scourge you with scorpions. So the king did not listen to the people, for this turn of events was from the LORD, to fulfill the word the LORD had spoken to Jeroboam son of Nebat through Ahijah the Shilonite. When all Israel saw that the king refused to listen to them, they answered the king: What share do we have in David, what part in Jesse s son? To your tents, O Israel! Look after your own house, O David! So the Israelites went home. But as for the Israelites who were living in the towns of Judah, Rehoboam still ruled over them. Note Israel s actions: I Kings 12:18-19 King Rehoboam sent out Adoniram, who was in charge of forced labor, but all Israel stoned him to death. King Rehoboam, however, managed to get into his chariot and escape to Jerusalem. So Israel has been in rebellion against the house of David to this day. N.B. The kingdom splits: Israel in the north; Judah in the south. This rupture would not ever heal completely--not even after Assyrian (Israel) and Babylonian (Judah) captivities. 138

139 IV. KINGS OF ISRAEL AND JUDAH A. Israel s Kings ( BC) 1. Nineteen (19) kings: all bad 2. Consult appropriate charts / supplemental material 3. Primary prophetic voices: a. Non-writing: Elijah and Elisha b. Writing: Amos and Hosea B. Judah s Kings ( BC) 1. Nineteen (19) kings and one (1) queen: many bad; some good 2. Consult appropriate charts / supplemental material 3. Primary prophetic voices (writing): Habakkuk Joel Isaiah Micah Jeremiah Zephaniah Lamentations S 7 139

140 4. For futher study: The student of the Kingship: Divided Monarchy could pursue further studies by completing this or a similar chart with further study. King Kings of Israel & Judah Passage in Kings Passage in Chronicles Good or Bad Key Verse(s) 140

141 V. PROPHETS A. Prophetic Ministry Refer to Prophets (from ZPEB) B. Major Prophets 1. Isaiah (8th - 7th century BC) Isaiah is often called the evangelical prophet because of his emphasis upon the redemptive work of the Messiah. 2. Jeremiah (7th - 6th century BC) The weeping prophet, Jeremiah led a stormy, turbulent life as he faithfully preached the message of judgment to Judah. 3. Lamentations (6th century BC) This book is traditionally thought to be the work of Jeremiah as he mourned over the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple. 4. Ezekiel (6th century BC) S 7 Ezekiel preached to the exiles concerning the sin which had brought them under God s judgment. It contains prophecies of the future millennial kingdom. 5. Daniel (6th century BC) Daniel is an exilic prophet who is noted for his messages on the times of the Gentiles, the then future Gentile kingdoms, the seventy weeks, and activities of the antichrist. It is considered to be an apocalyptic book. 141

142 C. The Minor Prophets 1. Hosea (8th century BC) Hosea was a prophet to the northern kingdom. The book pictures the love, mercy and grace of God even in the midst of judgment. 2. Joel (9th century BC) Joel prophesied to the southern kingdom. The major theme is the prophetic Day of the Lord. Joel preached of coming judgment on Judah due to the people s sin; distinctive for locust plague language. 3. Amos (8th century BC) Amos was a prophet to Israel who pointed out forcefully the social evils (injustices) and sins of the people. Without a change of heart through repentance, judgment from God would be imminent. 4. Obadiah (9th century, possibly as late as 6th century BC) Obadiah prophesied against Edom and spoke of the certainty of judgment due to Edom s enumerated sins. 5. Jonah (8th century BC) Jonah s task was to preach to the Gentile city of Ninevah, captial of Assyria. A number of miracles are recorded. The book points out the love of God for all peoples. 6. Micah (8th - 7th century BC) Micah prophesied to the southern kingdom. He is noted for a number of Messianic prophecies as well as preaching against the social injustices and religious hypocrisy of this day. 7. Nahum (7th century BC) 142 Nahum preached against Assyria (though the message was delivered before Judah). The judgment of God against Assyria was sure. Ninevah would be destroyed.

143 8. Habakkuk (7th century BC) Habakkuk was the questioning prophet who wondered about the unjudged sin of Judah and then later, the method of judgment through the Babylonians. 9. Zephaniah (7th century BC) Zephaniah prophesied to Judah the impending judgment of doom. In this book, a description of the yet coming, glorious millennial kingdom is pictured. Three Post-exilic Prophets{ 10. Haggai (6th century BC) One of the three post-exilic prophets, Haggai urged the people and their leaders to rebuild the temple. 11. Zechariah (6th century BC) Zechariah spoke much of the Messiah, both of His first and second comings. The book calls for repentance, yet gives hope and comfort. It abounds with apocalyptic figures and symbols. S Malachi (5th century BC) Malachi is the last of the three post-exilic prophets. He asks many questions of the nation, emphasizing their need to return to a proper worship of God. 143

144 144 VI. TIMELINE: KINGSHIP: DIVIDED MONARCHY

145 MOVEMENT: KINGSHIP: DIVIDED MONARCHY (#7 of 12) TIMELINE: SAUL DAVID SOLOMON ASSYRIAN ISRAEL (19 KINGS) CAPTIVITY BC JUDAH (19 KINGS; 1 QUEEN) BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY 586 LISTING OF KINGS * : Table 6 The Kings of the Divided Monarchy ISRAEL JUDAH Jeroboam Nadab Baasha Elah Zimri Omri Ahab Ahaziah Joram Jehu Jehoahaz Jehoash Jeroboam Zechariah Shallum Menahem Pekahiah Pekah Hoshea Rehoboam Abijah Asa Jehoshaphat Jehoram Ahaziah Athaliah Joash Amaziah Uzziah Jotham Ahaz Hezekiah Manasseh Amon Josiah Jehoahaz Jehoiakim Jehoiachin Zedekiah * Dates based upon reseach of Eugene Merrill, Kindgom of Priests,

146 MOVEMENT: KINGSHIP: DIVIDED MONARCHY (#7 of 12) BOOKS OF THE BIBLE: BROAD OUTLINE: HISTORICAL: 1 KINGS KINGS (2 CHRONICLES 10-36) NON-WRITING PROPHETS: Elijah Elisha WRITING PROPHETS: 1. Hosea; Amos... To Israel 2. Habakkuk; Isaiah; Jeremiah; Joel; Micah; Zephaniah; Lamentations... To Judah 3. Jonah; Nahum... To Assyria 4. Obadiah... To Edom 1 KINGS I. RISE OF SOLOMON AND THE UNITED KINGDOM (1-11) II. DEATH OF SOLOMON AND THE DIVIDED KINGDOM (12-22) 2 KINGS I. DIVIDED KINGDOM: ISRAEL & JUDAH (1-17) II. SURVIVING KINGDOM: JUDAH ALONE (18-25) 2 CHRONICLES I. REIGN OF KING SOLOMON (1-9) II. REIGNS OF THE KINGS OF JUDAH (10-36) 146

147 MOVEMENT (#7 OF 12): KINGSHIP: DIVIDED MONARCHY PROPHETS 722 BC ASSYRIAN CAPTIVITY ISRAEL * JONAH (NINEVEH) * NAHUM (ASSYRIA) * AMOS * HOSEA [ELIJAH] [ELISHA] 931 BC (Death of Solomon) * OBADIAH (EDOM) * ISAIAH * JOEL * MICAH * JEREMIAH * ZEPHANIAH * HABAKKUK 586 BC BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY JUDAH * DANIEL * EZEKIEL * HAGGAI * ZECHARIAH * MALACHI 147

148 MOVEMENT: KINGSHIP: DIVIDED MONARCHY (#7 of 12) TOPIC: WRITING PROPHETS THE WRITING PROPHETS 1 Name Dates (BC) Object Obadiah ca Edom Joel ca Judah Jonah Nineveh Amos Israel Hosea Israel Isaiah Judah (Israel) Micah Judah (Israel) Nahum ca Assyria Zephaniah Judah Jeremiah Judah Habakkuk Judah Daniel Judah Ezekiel Judah Haggai Jews (Judah) Zechariah Jews (Judah) Malachi Jews (Judah) 1 Taken from E. Merrill, An Historical Survey of the Old Testament,

149 MOVEMENT: KINGSHIP: DIVIDED MONARCHY (#7 of 12) KINGS & PROPHETS Saul David Solomon ISRAEL JUDAH Prophets (North) (Non-Writing Prophets) (South) 1. Jeroboam I 1. Rehoboam 2. Nadab 2. Abijam 3. Baasha 3. Asa 4. Elah 4. Jehoshaphat 5. Zimri 5. Jehoram 1. Obadiah 6. Omri 6. Ahaziah 7. Ahab (Elijah) 7. Athaliah (Queen) 2. Joel 8. Ahaziah 8. Joas 9. Joram 9. Amaziah 10. Jehu (Elisha) 10. Uzziah 11. Jehoahaz 11. Jotham 12. Jehoash 3. Jonah 12. Ahaz 6. Isaiah 13. Jeroboam II 4. Amos 13. Hezekiah 7. Micah 14. Zechariah 5. Hosea 14. Manasseh 15. Shallum 15. Amon 9. Zephaniah 16. Menahem 16. Josiah 10. Jeremiah 17. Pekahiah 17. Jehoahaz (Lamentations) 18. Pekah 18. Jehoiakim 11. Habakkuk 19. Hoshea 8. Nahum 19. Jehoiachin 20. Zedekiah ASSYRIAN CAPTIVITY BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY (722 BC) (586 BC) 149

150 MOVEMENT: KINGSHIP: DIVIDED MONARCHY SUBJECT: PROPHETS (source: ZPEB) DEFINITION: 1. A prophet is one who passes on (preaches, declares) a message from God. (cf. Ex 4:16 and 7:1; Amos 3:8; Jer. 1:7, 17...so forth) 2. Thus, in the O.T., a prophet would receive a revelation from God and then passed it on to the intended recipients; in N.T. usage, a prophet might receive a direct revelation or declare God s word (as an already received and written message, i.e. the Bible). DISTINCTIVES: 1. Word Usage: The English word, prophet occurs over 300+ times in the O.T.; about 150 times in the N.T. 2. Word Usage: The word rendered prophet or to prophesy generally means the person or activity of receiving God s message and passing it on. 3. Prophetic Call: It is debated whether or not the Scriptures teach that all prophets receive a divine call (e.g. like Jeremiah in Jer. 1:5, 18-19; Amos 7:15... so forth); for some, it is clear that they did, for others less clear. What must be affirmed is that prophets spoke from God only after receiving a message from God. 5 Ways Prophets Received Their Messages from God 1. Prophetic Awareness - God was speaking to him although the message at times was not fully clear (e.g. Samuel anointing a son of Jesse) 2. External Voice - e.g. 1 Sam. 3: Internal voice - the message not heard audibly by others. 4. Opening the prophet s eyes - Balaam (Num. 22:31) 5. Vision - e.g. Ezekiel s vision of dry bones (Ezek. 37) or much of John s vision in Revelation. 150

151 DECLARATIONS: How Prophets Declared Their Message 1. Oral Statements - words of rebuke, encouragment or specific direction. Occasionally prophets responded to questions given them concerning God s will. 2. Discourses - e.g. extended portions of the Torah given to Moses; much of the Major / Minor prophets writings. 3. Patriarchal Blessings - inspired final words ; e.g. Gen Describing Visions - e.g. Daniel s visions and subsequent interpretations; Ezekiel s visions of the future for Israel (Ez ). 5. Symbolic Actions - or object lessons used to illustrate; e.g. Ahijah tears his cloak into 12 pieces indicating the split of the kingdom into Israel and Judah. (I Kgs. 11:29-30). DETERMINATIONS: 1. The Scriptures speak of true and false prophets. 2. The Tests of a True Prophet: (1) A true prophet speaks in the name of the Lord (Deut. 18:20-22) (2) A true prophet may produce a sign or wonder (Deut. 13:1-2) (3) A true prophet s predictions come to pass (Deut. 18:22) (4) A true prophet s message has agreement with all other previous revelations (Deut. 13:1-5; Gal. 1:8) 151

152 MOVEMENT: KINGSHIP: DIVIDED MONARCHY (#7 of 12) SUBJECT: WRITING PROPHETS BROAD OVERVIEW AMOS Name: Amos Home: Tekoa Times: 2 yrs. before earthquake Profession: Shepherd Calling: Visions Uzziah...Judah ( he saw ) Jeroboam II...Israel 1:1 1:2 8 JUDGMENTS 3 MESSAGES 5 VISIONS For three sins... even for four 1. Damascus 2. Gaza 3. Tyre 4. Edom 5. Ammon 6. Moab 7. Judah 8. Israel 1:3 2:16 1. Hear this Word (3:1) 2. Hear this Word (4:1) 3. Hear this Word (5:1)... Woe (5:18 ff)... Woe (6:1 ff) 3:1 6:14 Sovereign Lord showed me 1. Locusts (7:1-3) 2. Fire (7:4-6) 3. Plumbline (7:7-9) (Interlude: 7:10-17) Sovereign Lord showed me 4. Ripe Fruit (8:1-13) 5. Altar (9:1-10) 7:1 9:10 ISRAEL S PROMISED RESTORATION 9:11 9:15 152

153 8 JUDGMENTS OF AMOS

154 MOVEMENT: KINGSHIP: DIVIDED MONARCHY (#7 of 12) SUBJECT: WRITING PROPHETS BROAD OVERVIEW: HOSEA 1 HOSEA S MARRIAGE 3 4 YHWH S MARRIAGE (COVENANT) 13 Adulterous Wife Adulterous Nation Hosea s Marriage (Foreshadowing) 1. The Prophet and His marriage (1:1-9) 2. The Wife s (Nation s) Restoration (1:10-2:1) 3. The Wife s (Nation s) Unfaithfulness (2:2-23) 4. The Wife s (Nation s) Restoration (3:1-5) YHWH s Courtcase Against Israel 1. Introduction (4:1-3) 2. No Knowledge of God (4:4-6:3) 3. No loyalty-love (6:4-11:11) 4. No truthfulness (11:12-13:16) CONCLUSION: YHWH s Call for Repentance (14:1-9) DISTINCTIVES: 1. Hosea is the longest of the Minor Prophets (in verses). 2. Major Biblical themes are sin, judgment, salvation (restoration) and God s loyal-love (hesed). 3. Hosea is not mentioned elsewhere in the Old Testament; only once in the New Testament (Romans 9:25) 4. Hosea uses many figures of speech (similes and metaphors... at least 45 in 14 chapters.) 154

155 HOSEA(THE MAN) AS A PICTURE OF YHWH HOSEA S MARRIAGE YHWH S MARRIAGE (COVENANT) Suffered because of Gomer s infidelity Continued to love Gomer because of love (hesed) Did not divorce Gomer Purchased and forgave Gomer Punished Gomer Restored Gomer Enjoyed intimacy in marital relationship (with Gomer) Suffered becuase of Israel s idolatry Continues to love Israel because of love(hesed) Has not forsaken Israel Will purchase and forgive Israel Punishing Israel Will restore Israel Will enjoy intimacy in covenantal relationship (with Israel) CONTRAST OF HOSEA AND AMOS HOSEA AMOS Sympathetic God of love God s loyalty and faithfulness Moral iniquities Stern God of justice God s judgment and wrath Social inequities 155

156 MOVEMENT: KINGSHIP: DIVIDED MONARCHY (#7 of 12) THEME: WRITING PROPHETS BROAD OVERVIEW: HABAKKUK HABAKKUK Theme: Judgment on Judah and a Question of Theodicy (God s goodness/rightness) Chapter 1: Wondering 1st Complaint: - How long? - Why? 1st Reply: - Look - Watch - Be amazed - Babylonians 2nd Complaint: - Why? - How can you? Chapter 2: Observing 2nd Reply: - Record - Wait (faith) Taunt Songs: - Woe (6-8) - Woe (9-11) - Woe (12-14) - Woe (15-18) - Woe (19-20) Chapter 3: Exalting Splendor of God (3-7) Anger of God (8-15) Response to God (16-19) - I will wait - I will rejoice - I will be joyful AUTHOR: Habakkuk ( embrace ) about whom little is known; designated the prophet in Hab.1:1; may have been a contemporary of Jeremiah; most likely lived in Judah. DATE: Uncertain but most likely before 605 B.C. (perhaps B.C.) DISTINCTIVES: 1. Does not speak to countries (Jewish or foreign); speaks to God. 2. Does not deliver a message so much as faces a problem. 3. Five Woes (or taunt songs) delivered about the Chaldeans (through some commentators see these about the Jews). 4. Raises theological questions of God s lack of response, then choice of response (raising up the Babylonians to be his instrument of judgment). 5. Key verse is Habakkuk 2:4 (quoted 3x in the NT; Ro. 1:17; Gal. 3:11; Heb. 10:38). 6. The book is considered to be of high literary quality, unsurpassed in the Hebrew Scriptures. 156

157 HABAKKUK Habakkuk interrogates God Worry / Anguish Fear Terror Why?? Sob (lament) At the Beginning... (of the Book) At the End... (of the Book) Habakkuk intercedes of God Worship / Adoration Faith Trust Who?? Song (worship) OVERVIEW OF HABAKKUK (2 Questions; 2 Answers; 5 Taunt Songs; 1 Worship Song) Questions / Answers: 1. How long do I call...you do not hear? Answer: Look...watch... I am going to do something that you would not believe...raising up the Babylonians How can you do this...the wicked swallow up those more righteous than themselves? Answer: Write it down...the just will live by faith. 5 Taunt Songs: 1 Worship Song: 1. Woe (2:6-8) A prayer (worship song) 2. Woe (2:9-11) of trust (3:1-19) 3. Woe (2:12-14) 4. Woe (2:15-18) 5. Woe (2:19-20) 157

158

159 SESSION 8 PANORAMA Movement #8 Exile I. PRAYER / REVIEW (TIMELINE) A. Review: Kingship: United Monarchy (Movement #6) Kingship: Divided Monarchy (Movement #7) S 8 Exile (Movement #8) 159

160 II. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL RELATED TO EXILE A. Captivity article (New Unger s Bible Dictionary) B. Outlines of Ezekiel and Daniel C. Effects of the Exile (Baker s Encyclopedia of the Bible) III. REVIEW OF THE DIVIDED KINGDOM A. The Catalytic Event 1. Death of Solomon: 931 B.C. (I Kings 11) 2. Rehoboam s Rash Decision (I Kings 12) 3. Jeroboam Leads Israel to Rebel (I Kings 12) SPLIT OF THE KINGDOM (931 B.C.) Israel (North) BC: Assyrian Captivity Judah (South) BC: Babylonian Captivity B. Refer to: Captivity article (in New Unger s Bible Dictionary) 160

161 C. Key Biblical Books: Divided Monarchy 1. I Kings I K I N G S Chapters Topic Kingdom Death of Solomon (I Kgs. 11:41-43)} 1-11 Solomon United Israel / Judah Divided 2. 2 Kings 2 K I N G S Chapters Topic Kingdom 1-17 Israel / Judah Divided Judah (alone) Surviving S 8 161

162 D. Recap: The Demise of Israel 1. Began: 931 B.C. (Death of Solomon) 2. Ended: 722 B.C. (Assyrian Captivity) 3. Nineteen (19) Kings: all bad 4. Last King: Hoshea (#19) a. Read 2 Kings 17:1-6: The Last King. Siege against Samaria (Shalmaneser). Deportation to Assyria In the twelfth year of Ahaz king of Judah, Hoshea son of Elah became king of Israel in Samaria, and he reigned nine years. He did evil in the eyes of the LORD, but not like the kings of Israel who preceded him. Shalmaneser king of Assyria came up to attack Hoshea, who had been Shalmaneser s vassal and had paid him tribute. But the king of Assyria discovered that Hoshea was a traitor, for he had sent envoys to So king of Egypt, and he no longer paid tribute to the king of Assyria, as he had done year by year. Therefore Shalmaneser seized him and put him in prison. The king of Assyria invaded the entire land, marched against Samaria and laid siege to it for three years. In the ninth year of Hoshea, the king of Assyria captured Samaria and deported the Israelites to Assyria. He settled them in Halah, in Gozan on the Habor River and in the towns of the Medes. (2 Kings 17:1-6) b. Read 2 Kings 17:7-23: The Reasons for Exile 162 All this took place because the Israelites had sinned against the LORD their God, who had brought them up out of Egypt from under the power of Pharaoh king of Egypt. They worshiped other gods and followed the practices of the nations the LORD had driven out before them, as well as the practices that the kings of Israel had introduced. The Israelites secretly did things against the LORD their God that were not right. From watchtower to fortified city they built themselves high places in all their towns. They set up sacred stones and Asherah poles on every high hill and under every spreading tree. At every

163 high place they burned incense, as the nations whom the LORD had driven out before them had done. They did wicked things that provoked the LORD to anger. They worshiped idols, though the LORD had said, You shall not do this. The LORD warned Israel and Judah through all his prophets and seers: Turn from your evil ways. Observe my commands and decrees, in accordance with the entire Law that I commanded your fathers to obey and that I delivered to you through my servants the prophets. But they would not listen and were as stiff-necked as their fathers, who did not trust in the LORD their God. They rejected his decrees and the covenant he had made with their fathers and the warnings he had given them. They followed worthless idols and themselves became worthless. They imitated the nations around them although the LORD had ordered them, Do not do as they do, and they did the things the LORD had forbidden them to do.they forsook all the commands of the LORD their God and made for themselves two idols cast in the shape of calves, and an Asherah pole. They bowed down to all the starry hosts, and they worshiped Baal. They sacrificed their sons and daughters in the fire. They practiced divination and sorcery and sold themselves to do evil in the eyes of the LORD, provoking him to anger. So the LORD was very angry with Israel and removed them from his presence. Only the tribe of Judah was left, and even Judah did not keep the commands of the LORD their God. They followed the practices Israel had introduced. Therefore the LORD rejected all the people of Israel; he afflicted them and gave them into the hands of plunderers, until he thrust them from his presence. S 8 When he tore Israel away from the house of David, they made Jeroboam son of Nebat their king. Jeroboam enticed Israel away from following the LORD and caused them to commit a great sin. The Israelites persisted in all the sins of Jeroboam and did not turn away from them until the LORD removed them from his presence, as he had warned through all his servants the prophets. So the people of Israel were taken from their homeland into exile in Assyria, and they are still there. 163

164 c. Read 2 Kings 17:24-28: Samaria Resettled The king of Assyria brought people from Babylon, Cuthah, Avva, Hamath and Sepharvaim and settled them in the towns of Samaria to replace the Israelites. They took over Samaria and lived in its towns. When they first lived there, they did not worship the LORD; so he sent lions among them and they killed some of the people. It was reported to the king of Assyria: The people you deported and resettled in the towns of Samaria do not know what the god of that country requires. He has sent lions among them, which are killing them off, because the people do not know what he requires. Then the king of Assyria gave this order: Have one of the priests you took captive from Samaria go back to live there and teach the people what the god of the land requires. So one of the priests who had been exiled from Samaria came to live in Bethel and taught them how to worship the LORD. d. Read 2 Kings 17:29-41: Corrupted Worship Nevertheless, each national group made its own gods in the several towns where they settled, and set them up in the shrines the people of Samaria had made at the high places. The men from Babylon made Succoth Benoth, the men from Cuthah made Nergal, and the men from Hamath made Ashima; the Avvites made Nibhaz and Tartak, and the Sepharvites burned their children in the fire as sacrifices to Adrammelech and Anammelech, the gods of Sepharvaim. They worshiped the LORD, but they also appointed all sorts of their own people to officiate for them as priests in the shrines at the high places. They worshiped the LORD, but they also served their own gods in accordance with the customs of the nations from which they had been brought. 164

165 To this day they persist in their former practices. They neither worship the LORD nor adhere to the decrees and ordinances, the laws and commands that the LORD gave the descendants of Jacob, whom he named Israel. When the LORD made a covenant with the Israelites, he commanded them: Do not worship any other gods or bow down to them, serve them or sacrifice to them. But the LORD, who brought you up out of Egypt with mighty power and outstretched arm, is the one you must worship. To him you shall bow down and to him offer sacrifices. You must always be careful to keep the decrees and ordinances, the laws and commands he wrote for you. Do not worship other gods. Do not forget the covenant I have made with you, and do not worship other gods. Rather, worship the LORD your God; it is he who will deliver you from the hand of all your enemies. They would not listen, however, but persisted in their former practices. Even while these people were worshiping the LORD, they were serving their idols. To this day their children and grandchildren continue to do as their fathers did. N.B. These foreign, resettled peoples intermarried with Jews; by N.T. times, these people were called Samaritans and regarded as half-jews (refer to John 4). E. Recap: The Demise of Judah S 8 1. Began: 931 B.C. (Death of Solomon) 2. Ended: 586 B.C. (Babylonian Captivity) 3. Nineteen (19) Kings & One (1) Queen: some good; most bad 165

166 4. Last King: Zedekiah (#19) a. Summary: 2 Kings 24:18-20 Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem eleven years. His mother s name was Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah; she was from Libnah. He did evil in the eyes of the LORD, just as Jehoiakim had done. It was because of the LORD s anger that all this happened to Jerusalem and Judah, and in the end he thrust them from his presence. Now Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon. b. Prophetic Fulfillment: Deuteronomy 30:11-20 Now what I am commanding you today is not too difficult for you or beyond your reach. It is not up in heaven, so that you have to ask, Who will ascend into heaven to get it and proclaim it to us so we may obey it? Nor is it beyond the sea, so that you have to ask, Who will cross the sea to get it and proclaim it to us so we may obey it? No, the word is very near you; it is in your mouth and in your heart so you may obey it. See, I set before you today life and prosperity, death and destruction. For I command you today to love the LORD your God, to walk in his ways, and to keep his commands, decrees and laws; then you will live and increase, and the LORD your God will bless you in the land you are entering to possess. But if your heart turns away and you are not obedient, and if you are drawn away to bow down to other gods and worship them, I declare to you this day that you will certainly be destroyed. You will not live long in the land you are crossing the Jordan to enter and possess. This day I call heaven and earth as witnesses against you that I have set before you life and death, blessings and curses. Now choose life, so that you and your children may live and that you may love the LORD your God, listen to his voice, and hold fast to him. For the LORD is your life, and he will give you many years in the land he swore to give to your fathers, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. 166

167 N.B. Recall the blessings and cursings of Deuteronomy 28. The Jewish nation would prosper if obedient, suffer if disobedient. The ultimate discipline would be exile (Deut. 28:49-52). To move from discipline to blessing would require repentance. IV. THE EXILE (in Babylon) A. Refer to Timeline (pre-tab 1) Exile 605, 597, 586, 581 BC... Babylonian Deportations Length = 70 Years (Jer. 25, 29) Empires = Babylon, Medo-Persian Prophets = Ezekiel & Daniel (Jeremiah) 539 BC Cyrus captures Babylon 516 BC Temple Rebuilt... Options: ** 70 years : a round number calculated from 605 B.C. to 539 B.C. (approx. a normal lifespan; Psalm 90:10) destruction of Temple (586 BC) to rebuilding (516 BC) beginning of captivity (605 BC) to resettlement (536 BC) S 8 B. Excerpts from Ezekiel 1. Ezekiel: the man a. Contemporary of Jeremiah and Daniel b. Priestly lineage (Ezek. 1:3) c. To Babylon (1st deportation recorded by Jeremiah; see Jer. 52:27b-30) d. Received divine call (Ezek. 1-3) e. Length of ministry: at least 22 years (Ezek. 1:2 and 29:17-21) 167

168 2. Book of Ezekiel a. See Handout, Outlines of Ezekiel and Daniel b. Distinctives: The glory of the Lord (11 times in 1st eleven chapters) Son of Man (90+ times) The Word of the Lord came to me (49 times) Lord God (200+ times) Priestly point of view; emphasizes God s sovereignty over nations/human history 3. Shekinah glory: non-biblical word used in extra-biblical writings to refer to the manifestation of God s presence. a. Exodus 19:18: Mount Sinai was covered with smoke, because the LORD descended on it in fire. The smoke billowed up from it like smoke from a furnace, the whole mountain trembled violently. b. Exodus 24:15-16: When Moses went up on the mountain, the cloud covered it, and the glory of the LORD settled on Mount Sinai. For six days the cloud covered the mountain, and on the seventh day the LORD called to Moses from within the cloud. c. Exodus 40:34-35: Then the cloud covered the Tent of Meeting, and the glory of the LORD filled the tabernacle. Moses could not enter the Tent of Meeting because the cloud had settled upon it, and the glory of the LORD filled the tabernacle. 168

169 d. 2 Chronicles 7:1-3: When Solomon finished praying, fire came down from heaven and consumed the burnt offering and the sacrifices, and the glory of the LORD filled the temple. The priests could not enter the temple of the LORD because the glory of the LORD filled it. When all the Israelites saw the fire coming down and the glory of the LORD above the temple, they knelt on the pavement with their faces to the ground, and they worshiped and gave thanks to the LORD, saying, He is good; his love endures forever. 4. Departure of the Shekinah glory: in a vision, Ezekiel is transported from Babylon to view the degradation of Jerusalem. a. Ezekiel 8:4-6: And there before me was the glory of the God of Israel, as in the vision I had seen in the plain. Then he said to me, Son of man, look toward the north. So I looked, and in the entrance north of the gate of the altar I saw this idol of jealousy. And he said to me, Son of man, do you see what they are doing the utterly detestable things the house of Israel is doing here, things that will drive me far from my sanctuary? But you will see things that are even more detestable. b. Alva J. McClain, The Greatness of the Kingdom, 122: In the face of the intolerable situation already existing there, God is still in His sanctuary at Jerusalem; but He may depart. S 8 c. Ezekiel 8:17-18: He said to me, Have you seen this, son of man? Is it a trivial matter for the house of Judah to do the detestable things they are doing here? Must they also fill the land with violence and continually provoke me to anger? Look at them putting the branch to their nose! Therefore I will deal with them in anger; I will not look on them with pity or spare them. Although they shout in my ears, I will not listen to them. 169

170 Movement of the Shekinah Glory (Book of Ezekiel) 8:4...Glory resides in the Temple 9:3...Glory moves to the threshold of the Temple 10: Glory moves to the outer court 11: Glory moves to the Mount of Olives N.B. After the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple, there is no historical reference to the Glory returning... however, note the story of the Transfiguration of Jesus (Matt. 17:1-13; Lk. 9:28-36), and the future millennial temple (Ezek. 43:1-2) C. Excerpts from Daniel 1. Daniel: the man a. Contemporary of Jeremiah and Ezekiel b. Taken to Babylon in the first conquest of Jerusalem (605 BC) c. Man of strong conviction and deep spiritual faith. d. Called highly esteemed (Dan. 9:23; 10:11, 19) by angelic messengers 170

171 2. Book of Daniel a. Refer to Outlines of Ezekiel and Daniel b. Considered to be an apocalyptic (revealing; unveiling; i.e. future, predictive) book - see also Revelation 1:1 c. Distinctives: Predictive of Gentile kingdoms and Israel s future Visions and dreams prominent Aramaic and Hebrew language used Seventy Weeks (or Seventy Sevens ) prophecy (Dan. 9) 3. Highlights a. Daniel 2: The Great Image of Nebuchadnezzar s Dream b. Daniel 3: The Fiery Furnace (Shadrach, Meshach, Abednego) c. Daniel 6: The Lions Den d. Daniel 7: The Four Beasts S 8 e. Daniel 9: The Seventy Sevens (Weeks) Prophecy 171

172 4. Comparison of Daniel 2 (Great Image) and Daniel 7 (Four Beasts) PROPHECIES OF THE GENTILE NATIONS Daniel 2 Image Nation Daniel 7 Beasts Head (Pure Gold) Chest & Arms (Silver) Belly & Thighs (Bronze) Legs (Iron) Feet (Iron/Clay) Babylon Medo-Persia Greece Rome Later Rome (?) or Revived Roman Empire (?) Lion Bear Leopard Terrifying Beast Ten Horns (?) 172

173 V. THE TWO CAPTIVITIES A. Assyrian Captivity 1. Date: 722 B.C. 2. Ancient practice: Take select captives for slaves, servants, wives (e.g. Deut. 21:10-14; Daniel 1) Such a removal from their land nearly always meant the destruction of national existence and a feeling of severence from the care and protection of their local or national god; indeed it implied the defeat of that deity (cf. Isa. 52:2-5; Jer. 50:29). (Ralph L. Smith, Captivity in Wycliffe Bible Encyclopedia, 1:312) 3. Israel s conquest: began with Shalmanezer IV and finished with Sargon. 4. The annals of Sargon notes that captives and spoil were taken away; additionally the Assyrians re-populated with foreigners who inter-married with the remnant (later Biblical history - called Samaritans). B. Babylonian Captivity 1. Date: 586 B.C. (Judah defeated and Jerusalem ransacked) 2. Babylonians (or Neo-babylonians) conquered the Assyrian capital of Nineveh in 612 B.C.; Nabopolasser placed his son, Nebuchadnezzar as co-regent of the Empire. S 8 3. Nebuchadnezzar defeated Egyptian Pharaoh Neco at Carchemish in 605 B.C. and proceeded to Jerusalem where he defeated the Jews and took Daniel and his companions captive (back to Babylon). 4. Jeremiah the prophet would later chronicle 3 further deportations to Babylon (597, 586, 581 B.C.); refer to Jeremiah 52:27b Treatment in Babylon was difficult but not harsh (as a concentration camp). Law-abiding captives could own homes, engage in commerce and be a part of the overall culture (Jer. 29:4-7; Ezek. 8:1; 12:1-7). 173

174 6. Religiously, some Jews fully assimilated into the culture while others were more separatist. During this time away from the Temple and certain religious feasts/observances, the Synagogue emerged as a place for study of the Law. C. See Handout, Effects of the Exile VI. TIMELINE: EXILE VII. FOR SESSION 9: RETURN FROM EXILE (AND 400 SILENT YEARS) A. Minimal: Ezra 7-10 (Panorama 1.0) B. Maximum: Ezra 7-10; Haggai (Panorama 2.0) C. Personal Project: Take a person through the Timeline for this session (review previous Movements as well). Draw and explain this as best you can. 174

175 MOVEMENT: EXILE (#8 of 12) SUBJECT: Captivity of Israel (Assyrian) Captivity of Judah (Babylonian) { Exilic Period CAPTIVITY (properly some form of shābâ, to take captive ; often expressed by other Heb. words). This word may be taken in the strict sense of imprisonment, but in relation to the people of Israel it has come to mean expatriation. Captives and captivity are used in Scripture very much in the sense of exile, yet with the notion that this state of exile was compulsory and that the persons thus exiled were in a dependent and oppressed condition. The violent removal of the entire population of a city or district is not an uncommon event in ancient history and was much more humane than the selling of captives into slavery. Such deportation might arise from one of two motives the desire to rapidly populate new cities, built for pride or policy; or to break up hostile organizations. In addition to the destruction of national existence such exile was made the more bitter from the sanctity attributed to special places and the local attachment to deity. Removal was thought to sever a people from the care and protection of their god; indeed, it implied the defeat of such deity. Tiglath-pileser of Assyria ( b.c.) inaugurated the practice of transporting whole conquered populations to distant parts of his empire (1 Kings 15:29). In this policy he was followed by many of his royal successors including Sargon, Sennacherib, and Esarhaddon, and by Babylonian rulers, notably Nebuchadnezzar II ( b.c.). The bondage of Israel in Egypt, and their subjugation at different times by the Philistines and other nations, are sometimes spoken of as captivities; the Jews themselves reckon their national captivities as four the Babylonian, Persian, Grecian, and Roman. The general use of the term, however, is applied to the forcible deportation of the Jews under the Assyrian or Babylonian kings (Matt. 1:17). Captivity of Israel. The removal of the ten tribes, though often spoken of as a single event, was a complex process. The larger part of the people were carried away, not to Babylon, but to Assyria. The period during which their removal was gradually effected was not less than 150 years. There were two of these captivities: (1) In the reign of Pekah, king of Israel, Tiglath-pileser III carried away in 732 b.c. the trans-jordanic tribes (1 Chron. 5:26) and the inhabitants of Galilee (2 Kings 15:29; cf. Isa. 9:1) to Assyria. (2) In the reign of Hoshea, king of Israel, Shalmaneser, king of Assyria, twice invaded (2 Kings 17:3, 5) the kingdom that remained, and his successor Sargon II took Samaria in 722 b.c., carrying away 27,290 of the population as he tells in his Khorsabad Annals. Later Assyrian kings, notably Esarhaddon ( b.c.), completed the task. Captivity of Judah. The carrying away of the people of Judah was not accomplished at once, either. Sennacherib, about 701 b.c., is stated to have carried into Assyria 200,000 captives from the Jewish cities that he took (2 Kings 18:13). Three distinct deportations are mentioned in 24:14 (including 10,000 persons) and 25:11, one in 2 Chron. 36:20, three in Jer. 52:28 30 (including 4,600 persons), and one in Dan. 1:3. The two principal ones were: (1) when Jehoiachin with all his nobles, soldiers, and artificers were carried away; and (2) that which followed the destruction of Jerusalem and the capture of Zedekiah, 586 b.c. (Albright, 587 b.c.). The three mentioned by Jeremiah may have been contributions from the more distinguished portions of the captives, and the captivity of certain selected children (Dan. 1:3), 607 b.c., may have occurred when Nebuchadnezzar was a colleague of his father, Nabopolassar. Condition of Captives. The condition of the captives must have had many an element of bitterness. They were humiliated with the memory of defeat and present bondage; if faithful to Jehovah they were subject to bitter scorn and derision (Ps. 137:3 5); they were required to pay for their existence in heavy services and tributes; those of high-priestly, noble, or royal origin were treated with indignity (Isa. 43:28; 52:5). On the other hand, they were treated not as slaves but as colonists. There was nothing to hinder a Jew from rising to the highest eminence in the state (Dan. 2:48) or holding the most confidential office near the person of the king (Neh. 1:11; Tobit 1:13, 22). The advice of Jeremiah (29:5; etc.) was generally followed. The exiles increased in numbers and in wealth. They observed the Mosaic law (Esther 2:10; Tobit 14:9). They kept up distinctions of rank among themselves (Ezek. 20:1). Their genealogical tables were preserved, and they were at no loss to tell who was the rightful heir to David s throne. They had neither place nor time of national gathering, no temple, and they offered no sacrifice. But the rite of circumcision and their laws respecting food, etc., were observed; their priests were with them ( Jer. 29:1); and possibly the practice of erecting synagogues in every city (Acts 15:21) was begun by the Jews in the Babylonian captivity. 175

176 Literature. The captivity had also a contemporaneous literature. Tobit presents a picture of the inner life of a family of Naphtali among the captives of Nineveh. Baruch was written by one whose eyes, like those of Ezekiel, were familiar with the gigantic forms of Assyrian sculpture. Several of the psalms appear to express the sentiments of Jews who were either partakers or witnesses of the Assyrian captivity. But it is from the three great prophets, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Daniel, that we learn most of the condition of the children of the captivity. Duration. Jeremiah (25:12; 29:10) predicted that the captivity should last for seventy years, which has aroused much discussion. The best explanation of the chronological problem involved is that there were two, if not more, coordinate modes of computing the period in question, used by the sacred writers, one civil, extending from the first invasion by Nebuchadnezzar to the decree of Cyrus, b.c.; and the other ecclesiastical, from the burning of the Temple to its reconstruction, b.c. The Babylonian captivity was brought to a close by the decree (Ezra 1:2) of Cyrus, 537 b.c. and the return of a portion of the nation under Sheshbazzar, or Zerubbabel, 535 b.c., Ezra, 458 b.c., and Nehemiah, 444 b.c. The number who returned upon the decree of 537 b.c. was 42,360, besides servants. Among them about 30,000 are specified (cf. Ezra 2 and Neh. 7) as belonging to the tribes of Judah, Benjamin, and Levi. It has been inferred that the remaining 12,000 belonged to the tribes of Israel (cf. Ezra 6:17). Those who were left in Assyria (Esther 8:9, 11), and kept up their national distinctions, were known as The Dispersion (which see; John 7:35; James 1:1; 1 Pet. 1:1). The Ten Tribes. Of these little is known. (1) Some returned and mixed with the other Jews (Luke 2:36; Phil. 3:5; etc.). (2) Some were left in Samaria, mingled with the Samaritans (Ezra 6:21; John 4:12), and became bitter enemies of the other Jews. (3) Many remained in Assyria and were recognized as an integral part of the Dispersion (see Acts 2:9; 26:7). (4) Most, probably, apostatized in Assyria, adopted the usages and idolatry of the nations among whom they were planted, and became wholly swallowed up in them. Cause and Effects of Captivity. The captivity in Babylon was the result that justly befell the covenant people from their becoming assimilated to heathen states. By accepting other gods they broke their covenant with Jehovah and placed themselves beyond His protection. Repentance, and a return to the ancient, the everlasting, and the true God, from the delirium, the charms, and the seductions of the world, had indeed been for centuries the cry of the best prophets, ever growing in intensity (Ewald, Hist. of Israel). They now came to God in penitence and earnest prayer. The clearest proof of repentance is found in the establishment of four fast days, celebrated in four different months (Isa. 58:3 12; Zech. 7:5; 8:19). Thus the Jews who returned from captivity were remarkably free from the old sin of idolatry, and a great spiritual renovation, in accordance with the divine promise (Ezek. 36:24 28), was wrought in them. A new and deep reverence for at least the letter of the law and the institutions of Moses was probably the result of the religious services in the synagogue. The Exile was also a period of change in the vernacular language of the Jews (see Neh. 8:8), and a new impulse of commercial enterprise and activity was developed. For an excellent discussion of the chronology of this period see David N. Freedman, The Babylonian Chronicle, The Biblical Archaeologist 19, no. 3 (1956): 5 60 (Taken from, Merrill F. Unger, The New Unger s Bible Dictionary: R.K. Harrison, ed ) 176

177 EFFECTS OF THE EXILE (Taken from Exile in Baker s Encyclopedia of the Bible) Effects of Exile. Of the many crises Judah experienced, none presented greater danger than the Babylonian exile. It was an event that challenged the faith of the most orthodox Jew. The Lord who worked so mightily for Judah before had now apparently gone down in defeat, or so it seemed. Battles among nations in ancient times were thought of as reflecting a parallel warfare among the gods. When Jerusalem was destroyed and the temple vessels seized, many concluded that Marduk, Babylonia s god, had proved himself stronger than Judah s god. Yet Jeremiah prepared Judah for the crises of exile with words of hope ( Jer 29:10, 14). God would use the Babylonians to chasten his people, and in turn would punish the Babylonians. Those who were weak in faith were destined to be absorbed among the Gentiles; however, the remnant that believed in God s power and purposes, even in captivity, would someday return and rebuild the temple and Jerusalem. The internal religious causes of the exile were lack of faith in God and his covenant, disregard of the admonitions of the prophets, turning to idolatry and trust for the nation s sustenance not in the provision of God but rather in their own industry and wisdom. Despite the danger of falling into idolatry in Babylonia, the great effect of the exile lay in the anchoring of the Jews in the Law and in their trust in God. The contrast between monotheism and polytheism was sharpened. The renewed dedication to monotheism later helped the Jews withstand the bewitching fascination of Greek culture and the repeated onslaught of Seleucid power. The exile brought desires for revenge and stirrings of repentance ( Jer. 51; Lam). The Sabbath and festivals continued to be observed, and regular commemorative fasts were initiated (Zec 7:1-3; 8:18, 19). Life in Exile. The lot of the captives was one of servitude, at least at the beginning; they were forced to supply labor for many of Nebuchadnezzar s building projects. Sometimes the work was made harsh by false prophets who provoked the Babylonians to cruel acts of repression ( Jer 29:21-23). After the first shock of expatriation was past, however, the exiles life became more a liberal internment than a concentration camp. The experience of Daniel and his colleagues portrays the generally favorable treatment accorded the captives. Education, position, and responsibility were given to many. While in captivity the Jews could no longer observe the sacrifices that had been made at the central sanctuary in Jerusalem. As a result, there was a renewed emphasis on reading and observing the Law, an emphasis that led to the development of the synagogue as a place of worship. The institution of the prophets and priests, however, continued to function; that is evident in Jeremiah s address to the captives, naming first the elders, then the prophets, priests, and people ( Jer 29:1) The captives were permitted, within limits, to come and go as they pleased and to marry and establish families. There was liberty for correspondence with the homeland; Jeremiah wrote letters to the exiles and he mentioned correspondence by the captives ( Jer 29: 1, 25). Not only did the Jews engage in skilled slave labor for the Babylonians, but clay tablets give evidence of activity in business buying selling, and renting. Many were so successful financially that they were able to send money to Jerusalem; and when the Jews were allowed by the Persian king Cyrus to return home, large numbers refused because they were unwilling to leave the possessions they had acquired. Another favor granted the Jews was permission to settle as a large community on fertile, irrigated land (Ez 1:1, 3; 3:15, 23). 177

178 MOVEMENT: EXILE (#8 of 12) SUBJECT: Outlines of Ezekiel and Daniel EZEKIEL EZEKIEL Chapters Subject Judgment: Jerusalem/Judah Judgment: Various Nations Restoration: Land of Israel Prophetic: Temple, Worship, Land DANIEL DANIEL Chapters Person of Daniel Subject Prophecies: Gentile Nations ( times of the Gentiles ) Prophecies: Israel & the Gentile Nations 178

179 SESSION 9 PANORAMA Movement #9 Return from Exile I. PRAYER / REVIEW A. Twelve (12) Movements: 1. Prologue : 4 key events (plus GUAM = Creation) 2. Patriarchs : 4 major characters 3. Redemption : 3 key events (from Exodus) Wanderings : 1 major rebellion (location?) S 9 4. Conquest : 3 key events 179

180 5. Apostasy : 1 theme: (sin cycle) 6. Kingship: United Monarchy : 3 kings 7. Kingship: Divided Monarchy : death, split, 2 nations 8. Exile : beginning, duration, location, 2 prophets 9. Return from Exile : 3 key men, 3 key prophets Four Hundred (400) Silent Years : 4 empires 180

181 10. Life of Christ 11. Church Age 12. Final Consummation }New Testament B. Refer also to Timeline, Pre-Tab 1 II. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL RELATED TO RETURN FROM EXILE SILENT YEARS A. Return from Exile: Historical Books B. Daniel 9: Seventy Weeks C. Outline of Daniel III. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: RETURN FROM EXILE A. United Monarchy Splits 1. Death of Solomon: 931 BC 2. Jeroboam I: Israel (north): 19 kings Rehoboam: Judah (south): 19 kings / 1 queen 3. Israel: BC: Assyrian Captivity S 9 Judah: BC: Babylonian Captivity B. Exile 1. Length: 70 years 2. Empires: Babylonian, Medo-Persian 3. Prophets: Ezekiel, Daniel (Jeremiah = before, during) 181

182 C. Rise of Persia 1. Conflict with Assyrians (9th cent. BC - 7th cent. BC) 2. Cyrus II (Isa. 44:28; 45:1) united Medes and Persians into one empire (550 BC) 3. Cyrus II defeated Babylon (539 BC)... see Daniel 5; Banquet of Belshazzar. D. Policies of Persia under Cyrus II 1. Provinces (satraps) had unusual autonomy to rule (answering to the king). 2. Religious and cultural freedom also evident. 3. Enormous empire with notable roads, cities, postal system, legal codes, religion, so forth. 182

183 IV. BIBLICAL RECORD: RETURN A. Fall of Jerusalem: under the Babylonians 2 Chronicles 36: The LORD, the God of their fathers, sent word to them through his messengers again and again, because he had pity on his people and on his dwelling place. But they mocked God s messengers, despised his words and scoffed at his prophets until the wrath of the LORD was aroused against his people and there was no remedy. He brought up against them the king of the Babylonians, who killed their young men with the sword in the sanctuary, and spared neither young man nor young woman, old man or aged. God handed all of them over to Nebuchadnezzar. He carried to Babylon all the articles from the temple of God, both large and small, and the treasures of the LORD s temple and the treasures of the king and his officials. They set fire to God s temple and broke down the wall of Jerusalem; they burned all the palaces and destroyed everything of value there. B. Babylonian Captivity 2 Chronicles 36:20 C. Persian Rule He carried into exile to Babylon the remnant, who escaped from the sword, and they became servants to him and his sons until the kingdom of Persia came to power. 2 Chronicles 36:21-23 The land enjoyed its sabbath rests; all the time of its desolation it rested, until the seventy years were completed in fulfillment of the word of the LORD spoken by Jeremiah. In the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, in order to fulfill the word of the LORD spoken by Jeremiah, the LORD moved the heart of Cyrus king of Persia to make a proclamation throughout his realm and to put it in writing: This is what Cyrus king of Persia says: The LORD, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth and he has appointed me to build a temple for him at Jerusalem in Judah. Anyone of his people among you may the LORD his God be with him, and let him go up. S 9 183

184 V. BIBLICAL BOOKS: RETURN FROM EXILE A. Historical B. Prophetical s

185 VI. RETURN TO THE LAND A. Background: Covenant 1. Abrahamic Covenant Genesis 13:14-15 The LORD said to Abram after Lot had parted from him, Lift up your eyes from where you are and look north and south, east and west. All the land that you see I will give to you and your offspring forever. 2. Irving L. Jensen, Survey of the Old Testament, 217. For Israel, it showed that God had not forgotten His promise to Abraham concerning the land of Canaan (e.g. read Genesis 13:15 and note the strength of the phrase forever ). B. Prophetical Promise 1. Jeremiah 25:11-12 This whole country will become a desolate wasteland, and these nations will serve the king of Babylon seventy years. But when the seventy years are fulfilled, I will punish the king of Babylon and his nation, the land of the Babylonians, for their guilt, declares the LORD, and will make it desolate forever. 2. Jeremiah 29:10-14 This is what the LORD says: When seventy years are completed for Babylon, I will come to you and fulfill my gracious promise to bring you back to this place. For I know the plans I have for you, declares the LORD, plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future. Then you will call upon me and come and pray to me, and I will listen to you. You will seek me and find me when you seek me with all your heart. I will be found by you, declares the LORD, and will bring you back from captivity. I will gather you from all the nations and places where I have banished you, declares the LORD, and will bring you back to the place from which I carried you into exile. S 9 185

186 C. Daniel and Jeremiah 1. Daniel s reading: Daniel, the prophet, in reading Jeremiah 25 realized that the 70 years was near completion. 2. Daniel s realization: return to the land (blessing) was contingent upon repentance (confession): yet this had not happened. 3. Daniel s resolve: a. Daniel 9:1-3 b. Daniel 9:4-19: Note Daniel s personal and national confession Note the 1st person pronouns 4. Daniel s reception: a. Archangel Gabriel s arrival Daniel 9:

187 b. Archangel Gabriel s announcement Daniel 9:24-27 Seventy sevens are decreed for your people and your holy city to finish transgression, to put an end to sin, to atone for wickedness, to bring in everlasting righteousness, to seal up vision and prophecy and to anoint the most holy. Know and understand this: From the issuing of the decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem until the Anointed One, the ruler, comes, there will be seven sevens, and sixty-two sevens. It will be rebuilt with streets and a trench, but in times of trouble. After the sixty-two sevens, the Anointed One will be cut off and will have nothing. The people of the ruler who will come will destroy the city and the sanctuary. The end will come like a flood: War will continue until the end, and desolations have been decreed. He will confirm a covenant with many for one seven. In the middle of the seven he will put an end to sacrifice and offering. And on a wing of the temple he will set up an abomination that causes desolation, until the end that is decreed is poured out on him. DANIEL 9:20-27 SEVENTY SEVENS (WEEKS) S 9 5. Refer to Supplemental Materials: a. Return from Exile (Daniel 9) b. Daniel 9: Seventy Sevens 187

188 VII. THREE (3) KEY MEN OF THE RETURN A. Described as to Major Task 1. Zerubbabel...Rebuild the Temple 2. Ezra...Rebuild the People 3. Nehemiah...Rebuild the Walls B. Refer to Handout, Return... Historical Books C. Zerubbabel and the Temple 1. Cyrus Decree Ezra 1: Zerubbabel s task: rebuild the Temple Why?... to re-establish proper worship of YHWH 3. Opposition to the task: Ezra 1:4-5: Ezra 4:6-23: Ezra 4:24: people moved to rebuild opposition arises works stops 188

189 4. Prophetic Encouragements Haggai 1:1-2 In the second year of King Darius, on the first day of the sixth month, the word of the LORD came through the prophet Haggai to Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to Joshua [a] son of Jehozadak, the high priest: This is what the LORD Almighty says: These people say, The time has not yet come for the LORD s house to be built. Haggai 1:7-8 This is what the LORD Almighty says: Give careful thought to your ways. Go up into the mountains and bring down timber and build the house, so that I may take pleasure in it and be honored, says the LORD. Haggai 1:12 Then Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, Joshua son of Jehozadak, the high priest, and the whole remnant of the people obeyed the voice of the LORD their God and the message of the prophet Haggai, because the LORD their God had sent him. And the people feared the LORD. Zechariah 1:1-3 (cp. 1:16) In the eighth month of the second year of Darius, the word of the LORD came to the prophet Zechariah son of Berekiah, the son of Iddo: The LORD was very angry with your forefathers. Therefore tell the people: This is what the LORD Almighty says: Return to me, declares the LORD Almighty, and I will return to you, says the LORD Almighty. S 9 Ezra 5:1-2 (cp. 6:14) Now Haggai the prophet and Zechariah the prophet, a descendant of Iddo, prophesied to the Jews in Judah and Jerusalem in the name of the God of Israel, who was over them. 2 Then Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel and Jeshua son of Jozadak set to work to rebuild the house of God in Jerusalem. And the prophets of God were with them, helping them. 189

190 COMMENDATION FOR ZERUBBABEL 1. Brought remnant back to Jerusalem 2. Laid foundation for re-built Temple 3. Completed the Temple D. Ezra and the People 1. Refer to Return... Historical Books (outlines) 2. Revival Unfaithfulness of the people: Ezra 9:1-4 After these things had been done, the leaders came to me and said, The people of Israel, including the priests and the Levites, have not kept themselves separate from the neighboring peoples with their detestable practices, like those of the Canaanites, Hittites, Perizzites, Jebusites, Ammonites, Moabites, Egyptians and Amorites. They have taken some of their daughters as wives for themselves and their sons, and have mingled the holy race with the peoples around them. And the leaders and officials have led the way in this unfaithfulness. When I heard this, I tore my tunic and cloak, pulled hair from my head and beard and sat down appalled. Then everyone who trembled at the words of the God of Israel gathered around me because of this unfaithfulness of the exiles. And I sat there appalled until the evening sacrifice. Confession of the Priest: Ezra 9:5-6 Then, at the evening sacrifice, I rose from my selfabasement, with my tunic and cloak torn, and fell on my knees with my hands spread out to the LORD my God and prayed: O my God, I am too ashamed and disgraced to lift up my face to you, my God, because our sins are higher than our heads and our guilt has reached to the heavens. 190

191 Repentance of the people: Ezra 10:1 While Ezra was praying and confessing, weeping and throwing himself down before the house of God, a large crowd of Israelites men, women and children gathered around him. They too wept bitterly. E. Nehemiah and the Walls 1. Refer to Return... Historical Books 2. Characteristics: a. Profession: cupbearer (e.g. prime advisor) b. Employer: Artaxerxes I (Persia) c. Model of Excellent Leadership Donald K. Campbell (Nehemiah: Man in Charge) identified 21 principles of effective leadership that Nehemiah demonstrated in chapter 2. He established a reasonable and attainable goal He had a sense of mission He was willing to get involved He rearranged his priorities in order to accomplish his goal He patiently waited for God s timing He showed respect to his superior He prayed at crucial times He made his request with tact and graciousness He was well prepared and thought of his needs in advance He went through proper channels He took time (three days) to rest, pray, and plan He investigated the situation firsthand He informed others only after he knew the size of the problem He identified himself as one with the people He set before them a reasonable and attainable goal He assured them God was in the project He displayed self-confidence in facing obstacles He displayed God s confidence in facing obstacles He did not argue with opponents He was not discouraged by opposition He courageously used the autority of his position. S 9 191

192 3. Decree of Artaxerxes to rebuild the walls Starting point: Daniel 9 ( 70 weeks ) Refer to Chart ( Daniel 9... ) 4. Walls built; Revival comes (Neh. 6,10) F. Post-Nehemiah: People backslide (by time of Malachi) 1. Malachi 1:6 A son honors his father, and a servant his master. If I am a father, where is the honor due me? If I am a master, where is the respect due me? says the LORD Almighty. It is you, O priests, who show contempt for my name. But you ask, How have we shown contempt for your name? 2. Malachi 3:7 Ever since the time of your forefathers you have turned away from my decrees and have not kept them. Return to me, and I will return to you, says the LORD Almighty. But you ask, How are we to return? THREE (3) POST-EXILIC PROPHETS 1. Haggai: Rebuild the Temple 2. Zechariah: Rebuild the Temple 3. Malachi: Rebuild the People (again) 192

193 VIII. FOUR HUNDRED (400) SILENT YEARS A. Also called the Intertestamental Period B. Time frame: the span from Malachi (O.T.) to Matthew (N.T.) C. Four Empires (over the now called Jews ) 1. Persian Period ( B.C.) a. Defeated the Babylonians (539 B.C.) b. Cyrus II a kind benefactor: agreed to the returns c. Time of relative peace and prosperity (in exile) and poverty (in the land). d. Judah governed by the High Priest 2. Grecian Period ( B.C.) a. Philip of Macedon ( B.C.) b. Alexander the Great ( B.C.) Conquered the Persians Defeated Darius III (331 B.C.) Took Palestine (332 B.C.) Died leaving his empire among his 4 generals: S 9 4 GENERALS 1. Ptolemy Lagos (South or Egypt) 2. Seleucus Nicator (East of Syria/Babylon) 3. Cassander (West or Macedon/Greece) 4. Lysimachus (North or Thrace/Asia Minor) 193

194 c. Palestine after Alexander the Great Caught between the power struggle of the Ptolemies and the Seleucids. Initially under the Ptolemies but in 198 B.C. Antiochus III wrestled control from Egypt. Antiochus IV (Epiphanes) was very Hellenistic; antagonistic to Jewish religion; after defeat in Egypt, returned to Jerusalem amidst much Jewish derision; offered a sow on the altar in the Holy of Holies; fueled the flames of Jewish revolt. 3. Maccabean Period (Hebrew Independence) a. Dates: B.C. b. Mattathias: Judean priest who led a revolt against forced Hellenization c. Judas Maccabees ( the hammer ): military leader; cleansed and rededicated the Temple on December 25, 165 B.C. (Feast of Dedication or Feast of Lights or Hanukkah) d. Simon Maccabees: became High Priest; statesman and gifted administrator; brought prosperity and religious reform; assassinated by brother-in-law. e. John Hyrcanus: became High Priest at death of his father (Simon Maccabees); advanced the dynastic rule of priest-rulers known as the Hasmoneans; during his time a rivalry developed between the Hasidim (conservative, anti-greeks; forerunners of the Pharisees) and the Hellenizers (who embraced some elements of Greek life; forerunners of the Sadducees). f. Civil war: B.C. 194

195 4. Roman Period a. Dates: 63 B.C. to 70 A.D. b. Pompey: invaded Syria in 63 B.C.; enraged the Jews by entering the Holy of Holies. c. Julius Caesar: defeated Pompey in 48 B.C.; not loved by the Jews but Julius Caesar treated them leniently. d. Death of Julius Caesar: TRIUMPHRATE 1. Octavius 2. Antony 3. Lepidus e. Octavian Augustus: defeated Marc Antony; received the switched loyalty of Herod the Great. f. Herod the Great: Edomite; known as a great builder (Herod s Temple, Masada, amphitheater at Caesarea Philippi); completely unprincipled; led his own private reign of terror ( better to be Herod s pig than his son ); the Herod of the massacre at Bethlehem. S 9 195

196 IX. TIMELINE: See Pre-Tab 1 for Movements 1-9 X. FOR SESSION 10: LIFE OF CHRIST A. Minimal: Review Timeline (Pre-Tab 1); Mark 1-3; (Panorama 1.0) B. Maximum: Timeline; Gospel of Mark (all) (Panorama 2.0) C. Personal Project: Take a person through the Timeline for this session (review previous Movements as well). Draw and explain this as best you can. 196

197 MOVEMENT: Return from Exile (#9 of 12) MOVEMENT/BIBLICAL BOOKS: Prophesied (Daniel) BIBLICAL BOOK: Daniel 9:1 When: 9:2 9:3 DANIEL 9:1-27 first year of Darius (539 BC) Who: Daniel Scriptures (Jeremiah) What: So... Adoration: desolation (captivity) = 70 years I turned to the Lord God pleaded fasted prayed Supplication (16-19): 9:19 9:20 Gabriel appears (20-23) Confession: OCCASION OF THE PRAYER CONTENTS OF THE PRAYER 9:27 Gabriel speaks (24-27) Decree After sevens Final seven Anointed One (7 sevens + 62 sevens) Anointed One cut off Abomination/Desolation ANSWER TO THE PRAYER 197

198 Daniel 9 OCCASION DANIEL S PRAYER (FOR NATION) SEVENTY SEVENS Israel under divine judgment (70 years) Daniel intercedes & confesses on behalf of nation (Confession Restoration) Angelic messenger + Angelic message (70 7 s ) Daniel 9: While I was speaking and praying, confessing my sin and the sin of my people Israel and making my request to the LORD my God for his holy hill while I was still in prayer, Gabriel, the man I had seen in the earlier vision, came to me in swift flight about the time of the evening sacrifice. He instructed me and said to me, Daniel, I have now come to give you insight and understanding. As soon as you began to pray, a word went out, which I have come to tell you, for you are highly esteemed. Therefore, consider the word and understand the vision: Seventy sevens are decreed for your people and your holy city to finish transgression, to put an end to sin, to atone for wickedness, to bring in everlasting righteousness, to seal up vision and prophecy and to anoint the Most Holy Place. Know and understand this: From the time the word goes out to restore and rebuild Jerusalem until the Anointed One, the ruler, comes, there will be seven sevens, and sixty-two sevens. It will be rebuilt with streets and a trench, but in times of trouble. After the sixty-two sevens, the Anointed One will be put to death and will have nothing. The people of the ruler who will come will destroy the city and the sanctuary. The end will come like a flood: War will continue until the end, and desolations have been decreed. He will confirm a covenant with many for one seven. In the middle of the seven he will put an end to sacrifice and offering. And at the temple he will set up an abomination that causes desolation, until the end that is decreed is poured out on him.

199 DANIEL 9: SEVENTY SEVENS Background: Leviticus 26:27-28 If in spite of this you still do not listen to me but continue to be hostile toward me, then in my anger I will be hostile toward you, and I myself will punish you for your sins seven times over. Discipline for Disobedience Leviticus 26:34-35 Then the land will enjoy its sabbath years all the time that it lies desolate and you are in the country of your enemies; then the land will rest and enjoy its sabbaths. All the time that it lies desolate, the land will have the rest it did not have during the sabbaths you lived in it. Land will lie desolate; Sabbath years of rest regained Leviticus 26:38-39 You will perish among the nations; the land of your enemies will devour you. Those of you who are left will waste away in the lands of their enemies because of their sins; also because of their ancestors sins they will waste away. Discipline will bring deportation and captivity Jeremiah 25:11-12 This whole country will become a desolate wasteland, and these nations will serve the king of Babylon seventy years. But when the seventy years are fulfilled, I will punish the king of Babylon and his nation, the land of the Babylonians, for their guilt, declares the LORD, and will make it desolate forever. Captivity will last 70 years - why? (70 sabbatical years not kept?) Leviticus 25:2-4 Speak to the Israelites and say to them: When you enter the land I am going to give you, the land itself must observe a sabbath to the LORD. For six years sow your fields, and for six years prune your vineyards and gather their crops. But in the seventh year the land is to have a year of sabbath rest, a sabbath to the LORD. Do not sow your fields or prune your vineyards. Sabbatical years Leviticus 26:40-45 But if they will confess their sins and the sins of their ancestors their unfaithfulness and their hostility toward me, which made me hostile toward them so that I sent them into the land of their enemies then when their uncircumcised hearts are humbled and they pay for their sin, I will remember my covenant with Jacob and my covenant with Isaac and my covenant with Abraham, and I will remember the land. For the land will be deserted by them and will enjoy its sabbaths while it lies desolate without them. They will pay for their sins because they rejected my laws and abhorred my decrees. Yet in spite of this, when they are in the land of their enemies, I will not reject them or abhor them so as to destroy them completely, breaking my covenant with them. I am the LORD their God. But for their sake I will remember the covenant with their ancestors whom I brought out of Egypt in the sight of the nations to be their God. I am the LORD. Confession of sin will bring restoration; deserted lands will have their sabbath rests 2 Chronicles 36:21 The land enjoyed its sabbath rests; all the time of its desolation it rested, until the seventy years were completed in fulfillment of the word of the LORD spoken by Jeremiah. 1 year of captivity = 7 year-cycle 199

200 Perspective: 70 x 7 Sabbatical Years Violated DISOBEDIENCE 70 Years of Captivity PUNISHMENT 70 x 7 Years yet Future BLESSING 490 years Daniel s Perspective 490 years Daniel s Seventy Sevens : FC R SC 7 62 (Church Age) 1 (7+62=69 sevens ) (1 seven ) Beginning Point: issuing of a decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem a) Amillennial view: Decree of Cyrus (537 BC) b) Premillennial view: Decree of Artaxerxes (March 5, 444 BC) Anointed One Appears ( the ruler ) Anointed One Cut Off (April 3, 33 AD) H. Hoehner; (March 30, A.D. 33) Ending Point: Israel s Promised Rest Tribulation Should be 69 x 7 = 483 years (173,880 days... see below) 200 1) Ancient civilizations including the Jews used a 360 day year (not solar = ) 2) 483 (prophetic) years x 360 = 173, 880 days 3) 444BC to A.D. 33 = 476 solar years x = 173,855 days 4) March 5 to March 30 (Triumphal Entry) = 25 more days 5) 173, = 173, 880 days

201 MOVEMENT: RETURN FROM EXILE (#9 of 12) BOOKS OF THE BIBLE: HISTORICAL: Ezra Nehemiah Esther PROPHETICAL: Haggai Zechariah Malachi BROAD OUTLINE: HISTORICAL BOOKS EZRA 1 Return under Zerubbabel 6 7 Return under Ezra Cyrus Proclamation Census of the People 7 Return to Jerusalem Revival in Jerusalem 8 3 Construction of the Temple NEHEMIAH Rebuilding the Walls Reviving the People Reforming the Nation Return to Jerusalem Registry of the People Reading of the Law Repopulating Jerusalem Rededicating the Walls 12 Reconstruction of the Walls Repentance of the People Reprimanding the People

202 ESTHER 1 Drama and Crisis 5 Divorce and Discovery 1 (Vashti & Esther) 2 Decree of Haman 3 Decision of Mordecai 4 Dinner wtih the King (Esther vs. Haman) 5 6 Deliverance and Conclusion10 Destiny of Haman 6 7 Decree of the King 8 Destruction of Enemies 9 Details about Mordecai

203 SESSION 10 PANORAMA Movement #10 Life of Christ I. PRAYER / REVIEW A. Structure of the Old Testament: English Bible NARRATIVE (17) TORAH (5) HISTORY (12) OLD TESTAMENT (39) POETRY (5) EXPERIENCE WISDOM PROPHECY (17) MAJOR (5) MINOR (12) B. Flow of the Old Testament: 9 Movements 1. Prologue...Genesis Patriarchs...Genesis 12-50, Job 3. Redemption / Wanderings...Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy 4. Conquest...Joshua 5. Apostasy...Judges (Ruth) 6. Kingship: United Samuel, I Kings, Selected Poetry 7. Kingship: Divided Kings, Selected Prophets 8. Exile......Ezekiel, Daniel (Jeremiah) S Return from Exile...Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi 203

204 C. See Timeline, Pre-Tab 1 II. STRUCTURE OF THE NEW TESTAMENT NARRATIVE (5) GOSPELS (4) ACTS (1) NEW TESTAMENT (27) EPISTOLARY (21) PAULINE (13) GENERAL (8) APOCALYPTIC (1) REVELATION (1) [DANIEL] III. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL RELATED TO LIFE OF CHRIST A. Comparison of the Four (4) Gospels B. Life of Christ (Broad, Thematic Outlines) C. 25 Key Events... Life of Christ D. Seven Words of the Cross E. Resurrection of Christ (Unger) IV. THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST (MESSIAH) A. The Sources: 4 Gospels 1. Refer to Comparison of the 4 Gospels 2. Refer to Life of Christ (Broad, Thematic Outlines) B. The Major Events Refer to 25 Key Events... Life of Christ

205 2. Practical value a. One-month emphasis: readings for Monday - Saturday b. Study outline: Life of Christ emphasis c. Devotional / Quiet Time selections C. Basic Overview of Life of Christ 1. Preparation Period Pre-birth ( logos ) Parentage & infancy (childhood) Early actions: John the Baptist, baptism of Jesus, temptations of Jesus 2. Public Ministry Early (in Galilee): Wedding at Cana Early Judean: Nicodemus; Samaritan woman Early Galilean: Rejection at Nazareth; great catch Middle Galilean: Sabbath controversies; Sermon on the Mount; Parables; Bread of Life Later Galilean: Transfiguration; Discipleship demands Later Judean: Debate at Feast of Tabernacles; Good Samaritan Later Perean: Lazarus; Rich Young Ruler; Zaccheus 3. Sacrifice Period N.B. Passion Week: Triumphal Entry, Cleansing of Temple, Passover Meal, Upper Room Discourse, Arrest, Trial, Crucifixion, Burial Resurrection: Early Event, Road to Emmaus, Appearances, Great Commission, Ascension Compiling a chronological timeline of the life of Jesus as recorded in the four gospels is extremely difficult. Since gospel writers were more interested in thematic content and meaning of His life, less so the sequencing of events, an accurate chronology is difficult to determine. The late New Testament scholar, Harold Hoehner (Chronological Aspects of the Life of Christ, Zondervan) has attempted to date the key events and provide a broad outline. Consulting this work would be helpful to the serious student. S

206 4. Thematic Diagram Rising Popularity Increasing Opposition Birth Obscurity Passion Death Week 4-5 B.C. 3 1/2 yrs. (4?) 33 A.D. V. THE MISSION OF JESUS (MESSIAH - KING) A. Perspective (Peters, Theocratic Kingdom, 1:183) It has been universally admitted by writers of prominence (e.g. Neander, Hagenbach, Schaff, Kurtz, etc.) whatever their respective views concerning the Kingdom itself, that the Jews, including the pious, held to a personal coming of the Messiah, the literal restoration of the Davidic throne and kingdom, the personal reign of Messiah on David s throne, the resultant exaltation of Jerusalem and the Jewish nation, and the fulfillment of the Millennial descriptions of that reign. B. Announcement of the King 1. Luke 1:31-33 (To Mary) You will be with child and give birth to a son, and you are to give him the name Jesus. He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High. The Lord God will give him the throne of his father David, and he will reign over the house of Jacob forever; his kingdom will never end. 206

207 2. Luke 1:46-55 (By Mary) And Mary said: My soul glorifies the Lord and my spirit rejoices in God my Savior, or he has been mindful of the humble state of his servant. From now on all generations will call me blessed, for the Mighty One has done great things for me holy is his name. His mercy extends to those who fear him, from generation to generation. He has performed mighty deeds with his arm; he has scattered those who are proud in their inmost thoughts. He has brought down rulers from their thrones but has lifted up the humble. He has filled the hungry with good things but has sent the rich away empty. He has helped his servant Israel, remembering to be merciful to Abraham and his descendants forever, even as he said to our fathers. 3. Luke 1:68-79 (By Zechariah) 4. Matthew 3:1-2 Praise be to the Lord, the God of Israel, because he has come and has redeemed his people. He has raised up a horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David (as he said through his holy prophets of long ago), salvation from our enemies and from the hand of all who hate us to show mercy to our fathers and to remember his holy covenant, the oath he swore to our father Abraham: to rescue us from the hand of our enemies, and to enable us to serve him without fear in holiness and righteousness before him all our days. And you, my child, will be called a prophet of the Most High; for you will go on before the Lord to prepare the way for him, to give his people the knowledge of salvation through the forgiveness of their sins, because of the tender mercy of our God, by which the rising sun will come to us from heaven to shine on those living in darkness and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the path of peace. In those days John the Baptist came, preaching in the Desert of Judea and saying, Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near. S

208 C. Announcements by Christ 1. Mark 1:36-38 Simon and his companions went to look for him, and when they found him, they exclaimed: Everyone is looking for you! Jesus replied, Let us go somewhere else to the nearby villages so I can preach there also. That is why I have come. 2. Matthew 4:17 From that time on Jesus began to preach, Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near. 3. Matthew 10:7 As you go, preach this message: The kingdom of heaven is near. 4. Luke 10:9 Heal the sick who are there and tell them, The kingdom of God is near you. D. Validation of Announcements (signs and wonders) 1. Matthew 4: Matthew 9:35 Jesus went throughout Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, preaching the good news of the kingdom, and healing every disease and sickness among the people. News about him spread all over Syria, and people brought to him all who were ill with various diseases, those suffering severe pain, the demon-possessed, those having seizures, and the paralyzed, and he healed them. Jesus went through all the towns and villages, teaching in their synagogues, preaching the good news of the kingdom and healing every disease and sickness. 208

209 3. Matthew 10: Luke 10:1, 8-9 He called his twelve disciples to him and gave them authority to drive out evil spirits and to heal every disease and sickness. These are the names of the twelve apostles: first, Simon (who is called Peter) and his brother Andrew; James son of Zebedee, and his brother John; Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas and Matthew the tax collector; James son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus; Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed him. These twelve Jesus sent out with the following instructions: Do not go among the Gentiles or enter any town of the Samaritans. Go rather to the lost sheep of Israel. As you go, preach this message: The kingdom of heaven is near. Heal the sick raise the dead, cleanse those who have leprosy, drive out demons. Freely you have received, freely give. After this the Lord appointed seventy-two others and sent them two by two ahead of him to every town and place where he was about to go. When you enter a town and are welcomed, eat what is set before you. Heal the sick who are there and tell them, The kingdom of God is near you. E. Limitations 1. Matthew 10: Matthew 15:24 These twelve Jesus sent out with the following instructions: Do not go among the Gentiles or enter any town of the Samaritans. Go rather to the lost sheep of Israel. As you go, preach this message: The kingdom of heaven is near. S 10 He answered, I was sent only to the lost sheep of Israel. 209

210 F. Offer and Rejection of the Kingdom 1. Luke 17:21 (NASB) For behold, the kingdom of God is in your midst. 2. A. McLain, Greatness of the Kingdom, 304: It was received as a promise by Abraham through faith; it was established in history at Sinai subject to Israel s willingness to obey God; it was terminated on earth because of Israel s sin; its restoration on earth is foretold by the prophets in connection with Israel s repentance; and the initial demand of its announcement in the gospel period was, The kingdom of God is at hand: repent ye, and believe the gospel (Mark 1:15). In this demand, no room was left for any separation of the Kingdom from its King; although this is precisely what the religious leaders of our Lord s day (and also some today) have thought to do. 3. Rejection of the King is also rejection of the Kingdom offered. a. Zechariah 9:9 Rejoice greatly, O Daughter of Zion! Shout, Daughter of Jerusalem! See, your king comes to you, righteous and having salvation, gentle and riding on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey. b. Mark 11:9-10 Those who went ahead and those who followed shouted, Hosanna! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! Blessed is the coming kingdom of our father David! Hosanna in the highest! 210

211 c. John 19:14-15 It was the day of Preparation of Passover Week, about the sixth hour. Here is your king, Pilate said to the Jews. But they shouted, Take him away! Take him away! Crucify him! Shall I crucify your king? Pilate asked. We have no king but Caesar, the chief priests answered. N.B. The greater theological question is simply this: Who has the right to rule? VI. A SHORTER HISTORY OF CHRIST: MARK A. Reading Assignment: the student has been encouraged to read much, if not all, of the Gospel of Mark. B. Q / A on Mark S

212 VII. DEATH AND RESURRECTION A. Refer to The Seven Words of the Cross B. See Article, The Resurrection of the Christ (Unger) VIII. FOR SESSION 11 A. Minimal Reading: Acts 1-2; Galatians (Panorama 1.0) B. Maximum Reading: Acts 1-7; Galatians; I John (Panorama 2.0) C. Personal Project: Take a person through the Timeline for this session (review previous Movements as well). Draw and explain this as best you can. 212

213 COMPARISON OF THE 4 GOSPELS Gospel Matthew Presentation of Christ Prophesied King of Israel Obedient Servant of YHWH Perfect Son of Man Divine Son of God Primary Addressees Apostolic Viewpoint Highlights Unique Features Jews Matthew (Levi) Long Discourses Most Chapters (28) Messianic prophecies Genealogy Sermon on the Mount Great Commission Romans Peter Miracles Action ( immediately ) Chronological (somewhat) Redemptive activity Messianic secret Greeks Paul (Mary, others) Parables Birth narrative Authorial purpose Emphasis on women Emphasizes prayer All John Personal Interviews Unique material (as compared to Synoptics) Theological prologue Miracles Upper Room Discourse Mark Luke John 213

214 MOVEMENT: LIFE OF CHRIST (#10 of 12) BOOKS OF THE BIBLE: Matthew, Mark, Luke, John BROAD, THEMATIC OUTLINES: MATTHEW 1 Offer of the King Rejection of the King Presentation of the King Proclamation of the King Power of the King Opposition to the King Rejection of the King Resurrection of the King MARK* Service of the Servant Sacrifice of the Servant Success of the Servant Galilee and Perea Judea and Jerusalem Jerusalem * (As suggested in Ryrie Study Bible) 214

215 LUKE* Intro to the Son of Man Ministry of the Son of Man Rejection of the Son of Man Crucifixion & Resurrection of the Son of Man Advent Activities Antagonism Authentication Seeking the Lost Saving the Lost * (Based on Talk Thru the Bible) JOHN Public Ministry Private Ministry Passion Ministry Contemplation 1 4 Conflict 5 11 Last Supper Last Instructions 13 Death on the Cross Crisis Last Prayer (or, High Priestly) Deliverance Over the Cross

216 25 Key Events in the Life of Christ 1. The Virgin Birth of Christ Luke 2: The Ministry of John the Baptist Matthew 3:1-12 Mark 1:1-8 Luke 3: The Baptism of Jesus Matthew 3:13-17 Mark 1:9-11 Luke 3: The Temptation of Jesus Matthew 4:1-11 Mark 1:12-13 Luke 4: The Cleansing of the Temple John 2:13-25 (1st time) 6. The Rejection at Nazareth Luke 4: Healing the Leper Matthew 8:1-4 Mark 1:40-45 Luke 5: Healing the Paralytic Man Matthew 9:2-8 Mark 2:1-12 Luke 5: Healing a Withered Hand Matthew 12:9-14 Mark 3:1-6 Luke 6: Sermon on the Mount Matthew 5:1-8:1 Luke 6: The Blasphemy of the Pharisees Matthew 12:22-37 Mark 3:22-30 Luke 11: The Parables of Jesus Matthew 13:1-53 Mark 4:1-34 Luke 8:4-18

217 13. The Feeding of the 5000 Matthew 14:13-21 Mark 6:30-44 Luke 9:10-17 John 6: The Confession of Peter Matthew 16:13-20 Mark 8:27-30 Luke 9: The Transfiguration Matthew 17:1-13 Mark 9:2-13 Luke 9: The Raising of Lazarus John 11: The Triumphal Entry Matthew 21:1-11 Mark 11:1-11 Luke 19:29-44 John 12: The Final Teaching in the Temple Matthew 21:23-46 Mark 11:27-12:44 Luke 20: The Olivet Discourse Matthew 24:1-25:46 Mark 13:1-37 Luke 21: The Upper Room Discourse John 13:1-17: The Trial Before Caiaphas Matthew 26:59-68 Mark 14:55-65 Luke 22:63-71 John 18: The Mockery of Jesus Matthew 27:27-30 Mark 15: The Crucifixion of Jesus Matthew 27:27-66 Mark 15:33-41 Luke 23:26-49 John 19: The Resurrection of Jesus Matthew 28:1-10 Mark 16:1-8 Luke 24:1-12 John 20: The Ascension of Jesus Mark 16:19-20 Luke 24:50-53 Acts 1:

218 SPOKEN FROM 9-12 AM The Seven Words of the Cross (NASB) 1. Luke 23:34 Father forgive them; for they do not know what they are doing. 2. Luke 23:43 Truly I say to you, today you shall be with Me in Paradise. 3. John 19: He said to His mother, Woman, behold your son! Then He said to the disciple, Behold your mother! SPOKEN FROM 12-3 PM 4. Matthew 27:46; Mark 15:34 My God, My God, why hast Thou forsaken Me? 5. John 19:28 I thirst. 6. John 19:30 It is finished. 7. Luke 23:46 Father, into Thy hands I commend my spirit. 218

219 RESURRECTION OF CHRIST (Taken from New Unger s Bible Dictionary, ) RESURRECTION OF CHRIST. The return of Christ to bodily life on the earth on the third day after His death. Scripture Doctrine. Only within recent years have rationalistic interpretations of the Scriptures ventured to assert that the phrase raised from the dead does not mean an actual bodily resurrection, and that it simply declares that Christ as a spirit did not remain in hell, but was raised to heaven. That this is a most irrational interpretation is seen from the explicit declaration and the whole tenor of the Scriptures upon this point. Likewise the vision hypothesis, that Christ after His death only appeared to His disciples in a way purely subjective, is contrary to the Scriptures; neither can it be, as we shall see, sustained upon grounds of reason. The resurrection of our Lord is set before us in the NT as the miraculous restoration of His physical life, the reunion of His spirit with His body, and yet in such a way that the material limitations in which He had previously confined His life were set aside. The resurrection was the beginning of the glorification. It occurred on the morning of the third day after His death, counting, according to custom, parts of days as days (cf. Matt. 16:21; Luke 24:1). The body in which the disciples saw the risen Lord was real, that in which they had seen Him living, and that which had died (see Luke 24:39; John 20:24 29). And yet, as is manifest from the gospel accounts of His appearances during the forty days and of His visible ascension, His body was undergoing the mysterious change of that glorification of which the resurrection was the beginning and the ascension into heaven the end (see 20:4, 14, 26, 21:4; Luke 24:37). What the change was that adapted the Lord s body to its destined heavenly environment is a question of profitless speculation. But it is evident from the Scriptures that in the resurrection Christ s glorification only began and also that Christ now dwells in heaven in a glorified body (Phil. 3:21; Col. 3:4). The resurrection of Christ is represented in the Scriptures as wrought by the power of God. Its miraculous power is strongly proclaimed (see Acts 13:30; Rom. 1:4; 1 Cor. 15:15); and thus it presents no difficulty for faith to one who really believes in God. Indeed, the Scriptures represent it as in the deepest sense not unnatural but natural that Christ should be raised from the dead (see Acts 2:24). The testimony of the Scriptures as to the reality of the resurrection is most ample and without a note of discord as to the essential fact itself. The witnesses were not few, but many (see, in addition to accounts in the gospels, 1 Cor. 15:1 8). The declaration of the apostle Paul that he had seen Jesus our Lord (1 Cor. 9:1) properly places him among the witnesses to the great reality. The proclamation of the resurrection lies at the basis of apostolic teaching (see Acts 1:22; 4:2, 33; 17:18; 23:6; 1 Cor. 15:14; etc.). It ranks first among the miracles that bear witness to Christ s divine character (Rom. 1:4). It is the divine seal of approval upon Christ s atoning work and thus is in close connection with the justification of sinners (4:25; 5:10; 8:34). It is connected with our spiritual renewal, as the new life of believers comes from the risen Christ (Col. 3:1 3). It is the pledge of the resurrection and glorification of the true followers of Christ (Rom. 8:11; 1 Cor. 15:20 21; Phil. 3:21; 1 Thess. 4:14). Theological. The denial of this great fact has always come from the enemies of Christianity. This is but natural, as Christianity must stand or fall with the resurrection. That Christ rose from the dead has always been a cardinal article of faith in the Christian church. The historic proofs of this fact are most weighty when the relation of the fact to the whole body of saving truth is duly considered. They may fail to convince unbelievers who have no appreciation of the great realities of sin and salvation. But still they are of great value for the defense of the faith and for the comfort of believers. The matter resolves itself mainly into two considerations, namely, the credibility of the witnesses and the difficulties of denial as greater than those of belief. As to the credibility of the witnesses, account is to be taken not only of their number and variety but also of the essential harmony of their reports, the absence of all motive to falsehood, and their self-sacrificing devotion to the gospel that based itself upon the resurrection. The difficulties that beset denial are found (1) in the impossibility of explaining the empty grave except upon the grounds that the resurrection actually took place; (2) the attitude of the enemies of Christ after the resurrection, revealing as it did their helpless confusion; (3) the disciples sudden transition from hopelessness to triumphant faith, which would be inexplicable except upon the actuality of the resurrection; (4) the founding of Christianity in the world, which can be rationally accounted for only in view of the fact that Christ actually rose from the dead. E. MCC bibliography: W. Milligan, The Resurrection of Our Lord (1884); H. Latham, The Risen Master (1901); M. L. Loane, Our Risen Lord (1965); J. Orr and H. C. G. Moule, The Resurrection of Christ (1980). For additional information see The Minister s Library (1985), pp [1] 219

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221 SESSION 11 PANORAMA Movement #11 Church Age I. PRAYER / REVIEW A. Listed randomly in the right column are the 12 movements through the Bible. Place them in proper order in the column on the left. 1. Movement #1 A. Church Age 2. Movement #2 B. Kingship: Divided 3. Movement #3 C. Conquest 4. Movement #4 D. Exile 5. Movement #5 E. Prologue 6. Movement #6 F. Life of Christ 7. Movement #7 G. Apostasy 8. Movement #8 H. Final Consummation 9. Movement #9 I. Return from Exile / Movement #10 J. Patriarchs 11. Movement #11 K. Kingship: United 12. Movement #12 L. Redemption / Wanderings B. Consult the Timeline, pre-tab 1 S

222 II. BROAD OVERVIEW OF ACTS (CHURCH AGE) BOOK OF ACTS Author: Luke Theme: Beginnings of the Church Key Verse: Acts 1:8 Chapter 1 Chapters 2-7 Chapters 8-12 Chapters Introduction Witnessing in Jerusalem Witnessing in Judea / Samaria Witnessing to the Ends of the Earth Focus: Jews Jews + 1/2 Jews Gentiles III. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL RELATED TO CHURCH AGE A. The Journeys of the Apostle Paul B. Suggested Chronology - New Testament C. A Sketch of the Ministry of Paul D. A Suggested New Testament Timeline (some dates vary with Hoehner s reconstruction) IV. INTRODUCTION TO ACTS (ACTS 1) A. An Instructive Question 1. Background: Acts 1:3 2. Major issue: Acts 1: Apostles question: Acts 1:6 4. Jesus reply (no recrimination): Acts 1:7-8 But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you; and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth. (Acts 1:8) 222

223 B. An Insightful Outline (Acts 1:8) Jerusalem Judea Samaria Earth (Jews) (Jews) (1/2 Jews) (Gentiles) Note the spread of the gospel: geographically and racially and religiously S

224 V. WITNESSING IN JERUSALEM (ACTS 2-7) A. Day of Pentecost (Acts 2) B. Snapshot of the Early Church (Acts 2:42-47) They devoted themselves to the apostles teaching and to the fellowship, to the breaking of bread and to prayer. Everyone was filled with awe, and many wonders and miraculous signs were done by the apostles. All the believers were together and had everything in common. Selling their possessions and goods, they gave to anyone as he had need. Every day they continued to meet together in the temple courts. They broke bread in their homes and ate together with glad and sincere hearts, praising God and enjoying the favor of all the people. And the Lord added to their number daily those who were being saved. (2:42-47) 1. May cover up to the first year of the church 2. What distinctive practices characterized the infant N.T. church? Should these be considered timeless practices or only rooted in history? C. Difficulties of the Early Church (Acts 3-5) 1. Problem with Jewish Authorities (Acts 3-4) 2. Problem with Ananias & Sapphira (Acts 5) 3. Problem with Dissension (Acts 6) 224

225 D. Story (Martyrdom) of Stephen (Acts 6-7) 1. Note his character (Acts 6:8-10) Now Stephen, a man full of God s grace and power, did great wonders and miraculous signs among the people. Opposition arose, however, from members of the Synagogue of the Freedmen (as it was called) Jews of Cyrene and Alexandria as well as the provinces of Cilicia and Asia. These men began to argue with Stephen, but they could not stand up against his wisdom or the Spirit by whom he spoke. 2. Note his sermon (Acts 7:1-53) Note the overview of Jewish history (from Abraham to the time of Christ) 3. Note the response: Acts 7:54-8:1 a When they heard this, they were furious and gnashed their teeth at him. But Stephen, full of the Holy Spirit, looked up to heaven and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing at the right hand of God. Look, he said, I see heaven open and the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God. At this they covered their ears and, yelling at the top of their voices, they all rushed at him, dragged him out of the city and began to stone him. Meanwhile, the witnesses laid their clothes at the feet of a young man named Saul. While they were stoning him, Stephen prayed, Lord Jesus,receive my spirit. Then he fell on his knees and cried out, Lord, do not hold this sin against them. When he had said this, he fell asleep. And Saul was there, giving approval to his death. 4. Note the result: Acts 8:1b On that day a great persecution broke out against the church at Jerusalem, and all except the apostles were scattered throughout Judea and Samaria. S

226 VI. WITNESSING IN JUDEA AND SAMARIA (ACTS 8-12) A. The background (Acts 8:1 b -3) B. The story of Philip (Acts 8) C. The conversion of Saul / Paul (Acts 9) 1. Note Acts 9:13-16 Lord, Ananias answered, I have heard many reports about this man and all the harm he has done to your saints in Jerusalem. And he has come here with authority from the chief priests to arrest all who call on your name. But the Lord said to Ananias, Go! This man is my chosen instrument to carry my name before the Gentiles and their kings and before the people of Israel. I will show him how much he must suffer for my name. 2. Note Acts 9:31 Then the church throughout Judea, Galilee and Samaria enjoyed a time of peace. It was strengthened; and encouraged by the Holy Spirit, it grew in numbers, living in the fear of the Lord. 226

227 VII. WITNESSING... ENDS OF THE EARTH A. Refer to The Journeys of the Apostle Paul B. Broad Overview: To the Gentile World PAUL S MISSIONARY JOURNEYS Acts Acts 15 Acts Acts Journey #1 Jerusalem Council Journey #2 Journey #3 Journey to Rome (Acts 21-28) JERUSALEM COUNCIL CONTROVERSY Then some of the believers who belonged to the party of the Pharisees stood up and said, The Gentiles must be circumcised and required to obey the law of Moses. The apostles and elders met to consider this question. (Acts 15:5-6) Theological Question: must a believer in Christ be required to observe circumcision and Mosaic legislation? Council s Reply: No... the ground of salvation was turning to God (by grace through faith in Christ); the necessary things were only for fellowship between Jewish and Gentile believers. Similar Issues Today?? C. Refer to A Sketch of the Ministry of Paul (S. Ellisen) D. Refer to A Suggested New Testament Time-Line AND / OR Suggested Chronology - N.T. S

228 VIII. NEW TESTAMENT LETTERS (EPSITLES) A. Structure of the New Testament NARRATIVE (5) GOSPELS (4) ACTS (1) NEW TESTAMENT (27) EPISTOLARY (21) PAULINE (13) GENERAL (8) APOCALYPTIC (1) REVELATION (1) [DANIEL] B. Pauline Epistles (brief overview of Paul s 13 epistles) 1. Romans a. Major theme: the doctrine of justification by faith; the righteousness of God b. Key verses: Romans 1:16-17 (NASB) For I am not ashamed of the gospel, for it is the power of God for salvation to every one who believes, to the Jew first and also to the Greek. For in it the righteousness of God is revealed from faith to faith; as it is written, But the righteous man shall live by faith. c. Broad movement: 2. 1 Corinthians Chapters 1-8 Doctrinal 9-11 National Practical a. Major theme: Principles of Christian living b. Key verse: 1 Corinthians 1:10 Now I exhort you, brethren, by the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that you all agree, and there be no divisions among you, but you be made complete in the same mind and in the same judgment. 228

229 c. Broad movement: Chapters 1-6 Reproofs 7-16 Replies 3. 2 Corinthians a. Major theme: authority and character of Paul s ministry; exhortations b. Key verse: 2 Corinthians 4:5 For we do not preach ourselves but Jesus Christ as Lord, and ourselves as your bond-servants for Jesus sake. 4. Galatians c. Broad movement: Chapters 1-7 Paul s ministry 8-9 Paul s Exhortations Paul s Authority a. Major theme: justification by faith alone b. Key verse: Galatians 2:20 I have been crucified with Christ; and it is no longer I who live, but Christ lives in me; and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me, and delivered Himself up for me. c. Broad movement: Chapters 1-2 Personal: Paul s authority 3-4 Doctrinal: Paul s argument 5-6 Practical: Paul s application S

230 5. Ephesians a. Major theme: the eternal purpose of God to establish His church b. Key verse: Ephesians 2:8-10 For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith and this not from yourselves, it is the gift of God not by works, so that no one can boast. For we are God s workmanship, created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God prepared in advance for us to do. c. Broad movement: Chapters 1-3 Doctrinal: Privileges 4-6 Practical: Responsibilities 6. Philippians a. Major theme: the joy of living b. Key verse: Philippians 4:4 Rejoice in the Lord always. I will say it again: Rejoice! c. Broad movement: Chapters 1 Purpose for Living 2 Pattern for Living 3 Prize for Living 4 Power for Living 230

231 7. Colossians a. Major theme: the all-sufficient Christ b. Key verse: Colossians 1:16-18 For by him all things were created: things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or powers or rulers or authorities; all things were created by him and for him. He is before all things, and in him all things hold together. And he is the head of the body, the church; he is the beginning and the firstborn from among the dead, so that in everything he might have the supremacy. c. Broad movement: Chapters 1-2 Doctrinal 3-4 Personal 8. 1 Thessalonians a. Major theme: the rapture of the church b. Key verse: 1 Thessalonians 4:16-17 For the Lord himself will come down from heaven, with a loud command, with the voice of the archangel and with the trumpet call of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first. After that, we who are still alive and are left will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air. And so we will be with the Lord forever. c. Broad movement: Chapters 1-3 Personal and Historical 4-5 Practical and Hortatory S

232 9. 2 Thessalonians a. Major theme: the coming of the man of sin b. Key verse: 2 Thessalonians 2:3-5 Don t let anyone deceive you in any way, for (that day will not come) until the rebellion occurs and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the man doomed to destruction. He will oppose and will exalt himself over everything that is called God or is worshiped, so that he sets himself up in God s temple, proclaiming himself to be God. Don t you remember that when I was with you I used to tell you these things? Timothy c. Broad movement: Chapters 1 Persecution 2 Prophecy 3 Practice a. Major theme: the organization of the church b. Key verse: 1 Timothy 1:18 Timothy, my son, I give you this instruction in keeping with the prophecies once made about you, so that by following them you may fight the good fight. c. Broad movement: Chapters 1-3 Ecclesiastical Instructions 4-6 Personal Instructions 232

233 11. 2 Timothy a. Major theme: fulfill your duties and carry on the work b. Key verse: 2 Timothy 4:7 I have fought the good fight, I have finished the race, I have kept the faith. c. Broad movement: Chapters 1-3 Examples 4 Exhortation 12. Titus a. Major theme: organization of the work b. Key verse: Titus 1:5 The reason I left you in Crete was that you might straighten out what was left unfinished and appoint elders in every town, as I directed you. c. Broad movement: Chapters 1-2 Organization of the Church 3 Living of the Life S

234 13. Philemon a. Major theme: personal request b. Key verse: Philemon I appeal to you for my son Onesimus, who became my son while I was in chains. Formerly he was useless to you, but now he has become useful both to you and to me. c. Broad movement: Verses 1-7 Praise 8-17 Plea Personal C. The General Epistles (brief overview of the 8 general or catholic epistles) 1. Hebrews a. Major theme: the superiority of Christ and Christianity b. Key verse: Hebrews 4:14 Therefore, since we have a great high priest who has gone through the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold firmly to the faith we profess. c. Broad movement: Chapters 1-7 A Better Person 8-10 A Better Covenant A Better Way 234

235 2. James a. Major theme: practical Christian conduct b. Key verse: James 2:17 In the same way, faith by itself, if it is not accompanied by action, is dead Peter c. Broad movement: Chapters 1 True Religion 2-3 True Faith 4-5 True Wisdom a. Major theme: suffering and persecution b. Key verse: 1 Peter 5:6-7 Humble yourselves, therefore, under God s mighty hand, that he may lift you up in due time. Cast all your anxiety on him because he cares for you. c. Broad movement: Verses 1-3 Conduct of the Saved 4-5 Sufferings of the Saved S

236 4. 2 Peter a. Major theme: true knowledge of God b. Key verse: 2 Peter 3:14 So then, dear friends, since you are looking forward to this, make every effort to be found spotless, blameless and at peace with him John c. Broad movement: Chapters 1 Faith 2 False Teachers 3 Future a. Major theme: fellowship b. Key verse: 1 John 1:6-7 If we claim to have fellowship with him yet walk in the darkness, we lie and do not live by the truth. But if we walk in the light, as he is in the light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus, his Son, purifies us from all sin. c. Broad movement: Chapters 1-2 Light 3-4 Love 5 Life 236

237 6. 2 John a. Major theme: obeying His commandments b. Key verse: 2 John 6 And this is love: that we walk in obedience to his commands. As you have heard from the beginning, his command is that you walk in love John c. Broad movement: Verses z1-3 Greeting 4-6 Walking 7-11 Cautioning Concluding a. Major theme: handling a problem b. Key verse: 3 John 11 Dear friend, do not imitate what is evil but what is good. Anyone who does what is good is from God. Anyone who does what is evil has not seen God. c. Broad movement: Chapters 1-8 To Gaius 9-11 About Diotrephes 12 About Demetrius From John S

238 8. Jude a. Major theme: condemning heretics b. Key verse: Jude 3 Dear friends, although I was very eager to write to you about the salvation we share, I felt I had to write and urge you to contend for the faith that was once for all entrusted to the saints. c. Broad movement: Chapters 1-4 Salutation 5-16 Denunciation Exhortation Benediction IX. SPECIFIC DISCUSSION OF READING ASSIGNMENTS (EPISTLES) A. Galatians B. 1 John 238

239 X. FOR SESSION 12 A. Minimal Reading: Revelation 2-3 (Panorama 1.0) B. Maximum Reading: Daniel 9; Revelation 1-5, 20; 1 Thessalonians 4-5 (Panorama 2.0) C. Personal Project: Take a person through the Timeline for this session (review previous Movements as well). Draw and explain this as best you can. S

240 PANORAMA OF THE BIBLE A Suggested New Testament Time-Line (All dates are approximate) EVENT DATE WRITING Death & Resurrection of Jesus (c.a. 30 A. D.) Conversion of Paul (c.a. 34 A. D.) 30 A. D. The Events of the Book of Acts (c.a A. D.) Martyrdom of James (44 A. D.) First Missionary Journey of Paul (c.a A. D.) Jerusalem Council (49 A. D.) Second Missionary Journey of Paul (c.a A. D.) Third Missionary Journey of Paul (c.a A. D.) Paul s first Roman Imprisonment (c.a A. D.) Nero s Burning of Rome/Paul in Spain?? (64 A. D.) Paul Martyred (c.a. 67 A. D.) Titus Destroys Jerusalem (70 A. D.) Masada Falls (c.a. 72 A. D.) 40 A. D. 50 A. D. 60 A. D. 70 A. D. James Galatians I and II Thessalonians I and II Corinthians Romans Ephesians/Colossians/ Philippians/Philemon Titus I Peter I Timothy II Timothy/Hebrews II Peter/Jude Reign and Persecution of Domitian (c.a A. D.) 80 A. D. John Exiled to Patmos 90 A. D. I, II, and III John Revelation 100 A. D. 240

241 PANORAMA OF THE BIBLE A Sketch of the Ministry of Paul 1 A. Paul s personal background: 1. Paul was born in Tarsus, a center of stoic philosophy and Roman law, a town surpassing Athens and Alexandria at the time in wealth, education, and art. 2. He was born of pure Hebrew stock of the tribe of Benjamin. Religiously, he was a Pharisee and the son of a Pharisee. He was born a free Roman citizen with all the privileges therein involved. 3. Paul was a tent-maker by trade, as well as a Pharisee and Rabbi by profession. He received his religious education in Jerusalem at the feet of Gamaliel (grandson of Hillel), and while in that city probably lived at the home of a married sister (Acts 23:16). 4. Paul evidently left Jerusalem before the ministries of John the Baptist and Christ, for he never hints of having seen them. After the resurrection of Christ and after Pentecost, he returned to Jerusalem, and his fiery zeal for the Jewish law and traditions made him an unrelenting fanatic against Christianity. He may have been a member of the Sanhedrin (Acts 26:10). He is first seen participating in the stoning of the first Christian martyr, Stephen. 5. Paul was converted to Jesus Christ after having a vision of the Risen Christ on the Road to Damascus, about 34 A.D. 6. Following his conversion, he remained in Damascus (perhaps 3 months) preaching Christ. Then he retired to Arabia for one or two years, after which he returned to continue preaching in Damascus. 7. Paul then went to Jerusalem where he was entertained by Peter for 15 days and preached to the Grecians (three years after his conversion (Galatians 1:18). Being threatened in Jerusalem, he went to his home town area of Tarsus. 8. He was later sought and brought by Barnabas to Antioch where they enjoyed in that city a fruitful ministry together. 9. About 9 years after his conversion (A.D. 44), Paul came with Barnabas to Jerusalem to bring relief to the believers in a time of depression. After remaining there during the time of James martyrdom and the death of Herod Agrippa I, they returned to Antioch to continue their ministry there. This constituted Paul s long preparation for foreign missionary service. 1 Stanley A. Ellisen, Bible History Notes, pp The dates given by Ellisen are based upon his own approximations. These may vary somewhat with other scholarly opinions. Ellisen calls the ministry time of Paul after the first Roman imprisonment the fourth missionary journey. This time is beyond the inspired chronological record of Acts (C.A AD). Ellison sees a short, second imprisonment in Rome prior to Paul s martyrdom in 67 AD. 241

242 B. Paul s missionary work (c ). 1. Paul s first missionary journey (c ). About A.D. 45 Paul and Barnabas began their first missionary journey, being sent by the Holy Spirit and commended by the church at Antioch. With them they took John Mark, nephew of Barnabas and evidently a young friend of the original disciples and the Lord Himself. This first journey took them to the Island of Cyprus and parts of Asia Minor, lasting about three years. Mark, however, returned home when they entered Asia Minor. The stops made in this journey were at: 1) Seleucia, from which port they debarked. 2) Salamis and Paphos on the Island of Cyprus. 3) Perga, Antioch of Pisidia, Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe. 4) Returning, they debarked from Attalia instead of Perga and bypassed the Island of Cyprus. 2. The First Church Council at Jerusalem (c. 50). Paul s work among the Gentiles precipitated a controversy at Antioch which resulted in the convening of the first church council at Jerusalem. The issue was the question of whether Gentiles could be saved apart from the keeping of Jewish ceremonies and the Mosaic law. The issue was settled by the leaders in favor of Paul s position of salvation by grace through faith apart from the works of law or ceremonies. James presided over the council. This was a historic milestone in church extension. 3.Paul s second missionary journey (c ). The break-up of Paul and Barnabas over the issue of whether to take Mark a second time resulted in two missionary teams and journeys instead of only one. Paul chose Silas as his partner and later picked up Timothy at Lystra and Luke at Troas. This journey took them through Asia Minor to Troas and thence into Eastern Europe Leaving Antioch they went through Syria and Cilicia, visiting Derbe and Lystra. 2. Going through Phrygia and Galatia they came to Troas on the Aegean Sea. 3. Following the Macedonian call, they crossed the Aegean Sea to Europe, landing at Neapolis in Macedonia. 4. In Macedonia they established churches at Philippi, Thessalonica, and Berea (Luke remaining at Philippi and Timothy and Silas at Berea). 5. In Achaia or Greece, Paul preached at Athens, with little results, and established a church at Corinth, remaining there about 18 months. 6. Returning, Paul brought Aquila and Priscilla to Ephesus, across the Aegean Sea, and sailed thence to Caesarea, Jerusalem, and Antioch.

243 Significant events of this journey were the starting of churches in Philippi, Thessalonica, Berea, and Corinth (and possibly the Galatian churches), and the writing of Paul s first canonical epistles, I and II Thessalonians. The longest period of time was spent at Corinth, a key commercial port and center of idolatry and immorality. 4. Paul s third missionary journey (c ). After a rather short stay at Antioch, Paul began his third journey, proceeding through Galatia and Phrygia to Ephesus. 1. Some time was doubtless consumed in this overland route, traveling some seven or eight hundred miles by foot, strengthening believers on the way. 2. In Ephesus Paul remained about three years, teaching in a Bible school and evangelizing the province of Asia. Opposition drove him out at the end of this period (barely escaping with his life), and from thence he went to Troas and Macedonia seeking Titus. 3. After writing II Corinthians and spending some time in Philippi, Paul proceeded to Corinth where he remained three months. There he wrote Galatians and Romans. 4. Desiring to bring an offering to the distressed believers in Jerusalem, Paul collected funds from various churches and returned by way of Troas, Miletus, Tyre, and Caesarea. 5. Arriving at Jerusalem, he was seized in the temple about A.D. 58 while completing a Jewish vow. 5. Paul s imprisonment in Caesarea and Rome was inspired by Jewish opposition, rather than that of the imperial power of Rome. For five years, his missionary work ceased, although he did write letters and direct the efforts of others. He had been directed by the Holy Spirit not to go to Jerusalem the last time, and his imprisonment at Caesarea seems to have been a time of fruitlessness. At Rome, however, he wrote the epistles of Colossians, Ephesians, Philemon, and Philippians, probably in that order. His imprisonment at Rome was simply a confinement at his own home under guard. 243

244 6. Paul s fourth missionary journey (c ). After release from confinement at Rome, Paul evidently proceeded to the Aegean Sea area of Macedonia and Asia. His probable itinerary then was: 1. From Rome in the spring of 63, he went to Philippi and thence to Ephesus (Philippians 2:24). 2. Making a short trip to Colossae and the neighboring churches, according to his promise to Philemon (Philemon 22), he then returned to Ephesus. 3. At Ephesus he encountered the heretical wolves, found it necessary to expel Hymenaeus and Alexander (I Timothy 1:20); he then left Timothy at Ephesus to repel any further developments of the errors (I Timothy 1:3,4) 4. From Ephesus Paul went to Macedonia (perhaps Philippi, his supporting church). Hoping to return to Ephesus, but not having opportunity at that time, Paul then wrote I Timothy (I Timothy 3:14-15). 5. He then revisited Ephesus and journeyed to the Island of Crete where Titus was already at work. 6. Leaving Titus at Crete, Paul went to Corinth where he met Zenas and Apollos who were planning a trip taking them through the Island of Crete. At Corinth then he wrote the letter to Titus, sending it with Zenas and Apollos. Planning to winter at Nicopolis (63/64), Paul requested Titus to join him there, if possible. 7. Paul evidently then voyaged to Spain in the spring of A.D. 64 (Clement of Rome said he journeyed to the western limits of the empire). He possibly remained there two years, being in Spain at the time of the burning of Rome (July, 64) and the subsequent persecution of Christians by the state. 8. It was probably in the spring of 66 that he returned to Asia, avoiding Rome, and going to the area of Ephesus. Circuiting this area, he made a number of stops, leaving Erastus at Corinth, Trophimus sick at Miletus, and finally his books and cloak at Troas (II Timothy 4:13, 20). 9. It was in this area that he was arrested by imperial Rome as a malefactor, endured an initial trial without adequate defense from his friends, and was taken to Rome. At Rome he wrote his final Epistle to Timothy, his sentence of death already having been passed. 10. He was beheaded under Nero, ca. A.D

245 SUGGESTED CHRONOLOGY - TESTAMENT (from W. House, Charts of the N.T., ) Crucifixion Pentecost (Acts 2) Peter s second sermon; Peter brought, before Sanhedrin (Acts 3: 1-4:31) Death of Ananias and Sapphira (Acts 4:32-5:11) Peter brought before Sanhedrin (Acts 5:12-42) Deacons selected (Acts 6: 1-7) Stephen martyred (Acts 6:8-7:60) Paul s conversion (Acts 9:1-7). Paul in Damascus and Arabia (Acts 9:8-25; Gal. 1:16-17) Paul in Jerusalem, first visit (Acts 9:26-29; Gal. 1:18-20) Paul to Tarsus and Syria-Cilicia area (Acts 9:30; Gal. 1:21) Peter s ministry to Gentiles (Acts 10: 1-11: 18) Barnabas to Antioch (Acts 11: 19-24) Paul to Antioch (Acts 11 :25-26) Agabus s prediction of famine (Acts 11:27-28) Agrippa s persecution, James martyred (Acts 12: 1-23) Relief visit, Paul s second visit to Jerusalem (Acts 11 :30; Gal. 2: 1-10) Paul in Antioch (Acts 12:25-13: 1) First missionary journey (Acts 13-14) Departure from Antioch Cyprus Pamphylia. Pisidian Antioch Iconium Friday, April 3, 33 Sunday, May 24, 33 summer late 34-early 35 April 35 summer 35 summer 35-early summer 37 summer 37 autumn spring 43 spring 44 spring 44 autumn 47 autumn 47-spring 48 April 48-Sept. 49 April 48 April-June 48 first of July-middle of July 48 middle of July-middle of Sept. 48 Oct. 48-last of Feb

246 246 Lystra-Derbe Return visit to churches Return to Antioch of Syria Peter in Antioch (Gal. 2: 11-16) Galatians written from Antioch Jerusalem council, Paul s third visit (Acts 15) Paul in Antioch (Acts 12:25-13: 1) Second missionary journey (Acts 15:35..;.18:22) Departure from Antioch Syria and Cilicia Lystra-Derbe Iconium Pisidian Antioch Antioch to Troas Philippi Thessalonica Berea Athens Arrival at Corinth Silas and Timothy arrive from Berea 1 Thessalonians written 2 Thessalonians written Departure from Corinth Ephesus Jerusalem, Paul s fourth visit Return to Antioch Paul s stay at Antioch Third missionary journey (Acts 18:23-21: 1 0) Departure from Antioch Visiting Galatian churches Arrival at Ephesus 1 Corinthians written Departure from Ephesus (riot) Troas Arrival in Macedonia 2 Corinthians written Departure. from Macedonia Arrival In Corinth March-middle of June 49 middle of June-Aug; 49 Sept. 49 autumn 49 autumn 49 autumn 49 winter 49/50 April 50-Sept. 52 April 50 April 50 May 50 last of May-middle of June 50 middle of June-first of July 50 July 50 Aug.-Oct. 50 Nov. 50-Jan. 51 Feb. 51 last of Feb.-middle of March 51 middle of March 51 April/May 51 early summer 51 summer 51 first of Sept. 52 middle of Sept. 52 last of Sept. 52 first/middle of Nov. 52 winter 52/53 spring 53-May 57 spring 53 spring-summer 53 Sept. 53 early spring 56 first of May 56 May 56 first of June 56 Sept./Oct. 56 middle of Nov. 56 last of Nov. 56

247 Romans written Departure from Corinth Philippi Troas Troas to Assos Assos to Mitylene Mitylene to Chios Chios to Trogyllium Trogyllium to Miletus Ephesian elders visit with Paul Miletus to Patara Patara to Tyre Stay at Tyre Tyre to Caesarea Stay at Ca~sarea. Caesarea to Jerusalem Jerusalem, Paul s fifth visit Meeting with James (Acts 21:13-23) Paul s arrest and trial before Felix (Acts 21:26-24:22) First day of purification Second day of purification Third day of purification Fourth day of purification Fifth day of purification, riot, Paul s speech Paul before the Sanhedrin Appearance of the Lord (night) Conspiracy (day) Journey to Antipatris (night) Journey to Caesarea (day) Waiting in Caesarea for trial Trial before Felix Paul before Felix and Drusilla (Acts 24:24-26) Caesarean imprisonment (Acts 24:27) Trial before Festus (Acts 25:7-12) Trial before Agrippa (Acts 26) winter 56/57 Last of Feb. 57 April 6-14, 57 April19-25, 57 Monday, April 25,57 April 26, 1957 April 27,57 April 28, 57 April 29, 57 April 30-May 2 May 2-4, 57 May 5-9,57 May 10-16, 57 May 17-19, 57 May 19-25, 57 May 25-27, 57 eve of Pentecost; May 27, 57 May 28, 57 May 29 - June 9, 57 Sunday, May 29, 57 May 30, 57 May 31, 57 June 1, 57 June 2, 57 June 3, 57 June 4, 57 June 5, 57 June 5-9, 57 Thursday, June 9, 57 June 57 June 57 - Aug. 59 July 1, 59 first of Aug

248 Voyage to Rome (Acts 27:1-28:29) Departure from Caesarea Myra Fair Havens Shipwreck at Malta Departure from Malta Arrival in Rome First Roman imprisonment (Acts 28:30) Ephesians written Colossians and Philemon written Philippians written James, the Lord s brother, martyred Paul in Ephesus and Colosse Peter went to Rome Paul in Macedonia 1 Timothy written Paul in Asia Minor Paul in Spain Christians persecuted, Peter martyred Paul in Crete Paul in Asia Minor Titus written Paul in Nicopolis Paul in Macedonia and Greece Paul arrested and brought to Rome 2 Timothy written Paul s death Aug. 59-Feb. 60 middle of Aug. 59 first of Sept. 59 Oct. 5-10, 59 last of Oct. 59 first of Feb. 60 Iast of Feb. 60 Feb. 60-March 62 autumn 60 autumn 61 early spring 62 spring 62 spring - autumn late summer 62-winter 62/63 autumn 62 spring-63-spring 64 spring 64-spring 66 summer 64 early summer 66 summer-autumn 66 summer 66 winter 66/67 spring-autumn 67 autumn 67 autumn 67 spring Destruction of Jerusalem Adapted from Harold Hoeher, A Chronological Table of the Apostolic Age (a handout by the author, April 1972, by permission) Sept. 2,70

249 The Journeys of the Apostle Paul MAP OF PAUL S FIRST MISSIONARY JOURNEY MAP OF PAUL S SECOND MISSIONARY JOURNEY 249

250 MAP OF PAUL S THIRD MISSIONARY JOURNEY MAP OF PAUL S JOURNEY TO ROME 250