OLD TESTAMENT SURVEY. Exodus/Leviticus

Transcription

1 OLD TESTAMENT SURVEY Exodus/Leviticus

2 REVIEW What is the Pentateuch? Who wrote it? How is Genesis divided? What is an important concept in Genesis?

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5 EXODUS God is ACTIVE in the Exodus each plague targets an Egyptian deity

6 The 10 Plagues - Jehovah Versus the Gods of Egypt PLAGUE GODS OF EGYPT INTERESTING NOTES 1 WATER TURNED TO BLOOD Exodus 7:14-25 Khnum - Guardian of river s source. Hapi - Spirit of the Nile. Osiris - Nile was his bloodstream. Duplicated by the Egyptians. Occurs in Goshen where Israelites lived. Dead fish putrid smell 2 FROGS Exodus 8:1-15 Hapi } Frog goddess to Egypt. Heqt Both related to fertility Duplicated by the Egyptians Occurs in Goshen where Israelites lived. 3 LICE Exodus 8:16-19 Seb The earth god of Egypt Not duplicated by the Egyptians Occurs in Goshen where Israelites lived. Attributed to the finger of God. 4 FLIES Exodus 8:20-32 Uatchit - The fly god of Egypt. God now makes a separation between the Egyptians and the Israelites. No more plagues will come upon the Israelites. 5 DISEASE ON CATTLE Exodus 9:1-7 Ptah Mnevis } Egyptian gods associated Hathor Amon bulls and cows. Affects property. Death of livestock. 6 BOILS Exodus 9:8-12 Sekhmet - Egyptian goddess of Epidemics Serapis } Egyptian gods of healing. Imhotep Affects physical bodies. Pharaoh s magicians cannot even appear in court. 7 HAIL Exodus 9:13-35 Nut - Egyptian sky goddess. Isis & Seth - Egyptian agriculture deities. Shu - Egyptian god of the atmosphere. Historical uniqueness for such a storm in Egypt. Pharaoh confesses his sin but later changes his mind LOCUSTS Exodus 10:1-20 DARKNESS Exodus 10:21-29 DEATH OF FIRSTBORN Exodus 12:29-36 Serapia - Egyptian deity protector from Locusts Re Amon-re Aten } Egyptian sun gods. Atum Horus Thoth - Egyptian moon god. Pharaoh offers a compromise. The compromise is rejected. Pharaoh again confesses his sin. Dark in Egypt at midday. Apparently light was still provided for the Israelites in Goshen. This plague was a judgment on all of Egypt s gods, including Pharaoh himself. In Exodus 1, Pharaoh had killed the sons of Israel. Now the Lord kills the firstborn sons of the Egyptians (Exodus 11-12). Pharaoh will now let Israel go. He will later loose his army to death in the Red Sea (Exodus 14:4-31). & Barnes Bible Charts

7 EXODUS Importance of the Passover It points to Jesus sacrifice Redemption (1-18) - God s deliverance Covenant (19-24) - God s instructions Presence (25-40) - God s Holiness Ex 20 - ANE covenants Book of the Covenant (21:1-23:33) - specific application to Israel s context God gives grace (deliverance) before law

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10 EXODUS What is a lesson from Exodus? What does it say about our God that He delivered His people from the most powerful kingdom on earth? Ex 15:2; 15:13 Good to remember: Exodus 29:46 ~ 46 And they shall know that I am the Lord their God, who brought them out of the land of Egypt that I might dwell among them. I am the Lord their God.

11 LEVITICUS From Latin levitikon - pertaining to the Levites picks up right after Exodus HOLINESS is major theme to distinguish the holy from common to distinguish the clean from unclean movements physically toward God requires more holiness

12 LEVITICUS Bifid in structure Worship of the Holy God (1-10) Living with the Holy God (11-27) atonement in Lev 16 (bull and goats) Holiness Code - (17-25) be holy because I am holy

13 LEVITICUS Important sacrifices and offerings: Burnt (Lev 1,6,8,16) Grain (Lev 2,6) Peace (Lev 3,7) Sin (4,5,6,8,16) Guilt (Lev 5,7)

14 LEVITICUS Feasts of the LORD - Leviticus 23 Sabbath Passover Unleavened Bread Firstfruits

15 LEVITICUS Weeks (Shavot) Trumpets (Rosh Hashanah) Atonement (Yom Kippur) Booths Sabbath Year Year of Jubilee

16 LEVITICUS 3 types of laws Civil Ritual Moral

17 LEVITICUS Israel was just reestablishing their connection with God Sacrifices point toward Jesus sacrifice Genesis is God creating a people for relationship, Exodus is God saving a people for relationship, Leviticus is God showing a people how to live in relationship (holiness) Good to remember: Leviticus 20:26 ~ You shall be holy to me, for I the Lord and holy and have separated you from the peoples, that you should be mine.

18 LEVITICUS How would reading deeper and studying Leviticus aid in: you own holiness? you ability to worship?