History of Islamic Philosophy. Henry Corbin

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1 History of Islamic Philosophy Henry Corbin Translated by Liadain Sherrard with the assistance of Philip Sherrard KEGAN PAUL INTERNATIONAL London and New York in association with ISLAMIC PUBLICATIONS for THE INSTITUTE OF ISMAILI STUDIES London

2 Contents Transcription Foreword xi xiii PART ONE From the Beginning Down to the Death of Averroes (595/1198) I. The Sources of Philosophical Meditation in Islam 1. Spiritual exegesis of the Quran 2. The translations n. Shiism and Prophetic Philosophy Preliminary observations A. Twelver Shiism 1. Periods and sources 2. Esotericism 3. Prophetology 4. Imamology 5. Gnosiology 6. Hierohistory and metahistory 7. The hidden Imam and eschatology B. Ismailism Periods and sources: proto-ismailism I. Fatimid Ismailism 1. The dialectic of the tawhld 2. The drama in Heaven and the birth of Time 3. Cyclical time: hierohistory and hierarchies 4. Imamology and eschatology n. The reformed Ismailism of Alamut 1. Periods and sources 2. The concept of the Imam 3. Imamology and the philosophy of resurrection 4. Ismailism and Sufism m. The SunnI Kalam A. The Mu'tazilites 1. The origins 2. The doctrine B. Abu al-hasan al-ash'ari vii

3 1. The life and works of al-ash'ari The doctrine of al-ash'arl 114 C.Ash'arism The vicissitudes of the Ash'arite School Atomism Reason and faith 122 IV. Philosophy and the Natural Sciences Hermeticism Jabir ibn Hayyan and alchemy The encyclopaedia of the Ikhwan al-safa' Rhazes (al-razi), physician and philosopher The philosophy of language Al-BTruni Al-Khwarizml Ibn al-haytham Shahmardan al-razi 152 V. The Hellenizing Philosophers 153 Foreword Al-Kindi and his pupils A1-Farabl Abu al-hasan al-'amiri Avicenna and Avicennism Ibn Masktiyah, Ibn Fatik, Ibn Hindu Abu al-barakat al-baghdadi Abu Hamid al-ghazall and the critique of philosophy 179 VI. Sufism Preliminary remarks Abu Yazld al-bastami Al-Junayd Al-Haklm al-tirmidhl A1-Hallaj Ahmad al-ghazall and 'pure love' 199 VII. Al-SuhrawardI and the Philosophy of Light The restoration of the wisdom of ancient Persia The Orient of the Lights (Ishraq) The hierarchy of the universes The occidental exile The Ishraqlyun 218 vni

4 In Andalusia Ibn Masarrah and the school of Almeria Ibn Hazm of Cordoba Ibn Bajjah (Avempace) of Saragossa Ibn al-sid of Badajoz 236 S.IbnTufaylofCadiz Averroes and Averroism 242 Transition 249 PART TWO From the Death of Averrofis to the Present Day General Survey 253 I. SunnI Thought 263 A. The Philosophers 263 l.al-abhari Ibn Sab'In Al-KatibI al-qazwinl Rashld al-din Fadl-Allah Qutb al-dtn al-razi 266 B. The Theologians of the kalam Fakhr al-din al-razi Al-IjI Al-Taftazanl Al-JurjanI 272 C. The Adversaries of the Philosophers 273 Ibn Taymlyah and his followers 273 D. The Encyclopaedists 275 l.zakariya'al-qazwinl Shams al-din Muhammad al-amuli Ibn Khaldun 277 II. The Metaphysics of Sufism Ruzbihan Baqll al-shirazi 'Attar of Nlshapur 'Umar al-suhrawardl Ibn al-'arabi and his school Najm al-din al-kubra and his school Al-SimnanI 'AH al-hamadhanl 300 IX

5 8. Jalal al-din Ruml and the Mawlawls Mahmud al-shabistarf and Shams al-din al-lahlji 'Abd al-karim al-jul Ni'mat Allah Wall al-kirmanl HurOfis and Bektashls JamI HusaynKashifi 'Abd al-ghanl al-nablusi NUT 'All-Shah and the Sufi Renewal at the end of the 313 eighteenth century 17.TheDhahabIs 316 IE. Shiite Thought Naslr al-din TQsI and the Shiite kalam The Ismailis The Ishraql current Shiism and alchemy: al-jaldakl The integration of Ibn al-'arabl to Shiite metaphysics Sadr al-din Dashtaki and the school of Shiraz Mir DSmSd and the school of Isfahan Mir FindiriskI and his pupils Mulla Sadra Shlrazi and his pupils Rajab 'AH TabrizI and his pupils QadI Sa'Id Qumml From the school of Isfahan to the school of Tehran Shaykh Ahmad Ahsa'I and the Shaykhl school of Kirman Ja'farKashfi The schools of Khurasan 358 (a) HSdl Sabzavtrl and the school of Sabzavar 358 (b) The school of Mashhad 362 Perspective 365 Elements of a Bibliography 367 List of Abbreviations 409 Index 413

History of Islamic Philosophy. Henry Corbin

History of Islamic Philosophy. Henry Corbin History of Islamic Philosophy Henry Corbin Translated by Liadain Sherrard with the assistance of Philip Sherrard KEGAN PAUL INTERNATIONAL London and New York in association with ISLAMIC PUBLICATIONS for