An International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies and Research in Humanities AN EXAMINATION INTO THE SUFISM AND ITS IMPACT ON BHOPAL STATE

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1 AN EXAMINATION INTO THE SUFISM AND ITS IMPACT ON BHOPAL STATE Ajay Kumar Ghosh * Sumeer Ahmad Mir ** Barkatullah University Bhopal ABSTRACT The Bhopal State is one of the principal chief ships of the central India Agency, the most important Muhammadan State in India. The State which lies in the Bhopal Agency. Sufism is a Mystic Religion. It is an offshoot of Islam. Sufi Saints are the followers of Allah (God) and the practice of peace. They promulgated a Religion based on the concept of love, the love with the fellow being and the love with the ultimate or the Creator. Sufi Saints and Sufism are an existing reality in India SocioReligious fold and it has contributed for a healthy and amicable Social order. Sufism as a Religion of the teaming millions became the practicing system among the peoples of India as well as Bhopal State. Hence, my little attempts and the main aim of the paper are to trace the advent of Sufism in Bhopal State and its impact on Hinduism and Islam. KEYWORDS Sufism, Impact, Hinduism and Islam. INTRODUCTION Sufism or Tasawwuf is comparative name provide to mysticism in Islam. The term Sufism embraces the philosophy and practices which goal at direct Holy Communion between Allah (God) and 1 man, and those who practice Sufism are called Sufis. We shall deal here briefly with the origin and development of these major Sufi Orders as they played a leading role in the spiritual enlightenment of 2 3 Muslims in India. Sufism has a history in India evolving for over 1,000 years. Particularly in rural areas, Sufis helped Islam spread generously into prior polytheistic peoples. Following, the general discretion among scholars remains that there were never any forced mass 4 th conversions recorded during this early history time periods. Between the late 12 Century ( th A.D.) and 13 Century ( A.D.), Sufi association became strong consolidated in northern 5 India. The first Sufi order which laid the foundation in India is Chishti order this order was founded by 6 Khawaja 'Muinuddin Chishti. Vol. 3, Issue 2, October

2 According to Allama Nadvi, he was a great Sufi and had a lucky charm of Sufism. (Maktub sulaimani), and his side was started in Malwa. In 800 A.D. Shah Abdullah Shetari Almutufe spread Sufism in Malwa he was like with Shaykh Alsheyoukh. Syed Muhammad Ghous Gwalior and Allama Wajuldin Guajarati was follower of this order. After the end of the reign of Jahangir its popularity was falling 7 down and it cannot spread much. In Bhopal State the followers of this order was Shah Munjahan Shetari and died in 1001 A.D. Qadiriya order was founded by Shaykh 'Abdul Qadir Jilani was the great Sufi saint and this order was popular in South India. In Bhopal State the person who came here was the Awliya Syed Muhammad Ghous Qadri he belonged to Faiz Bahadur Shah and after that various saints came here like Syed Ahmad Bagdadi, Pir Zadgn Qadri, Syed Sultan shah (R.A.), Syed Muhammad, Syed Chishti, Syed Usman, Syed Mahsoom, Syed Abad, Syed Abdul Raziq and Syed Abubakar etc, was the follower of Qadri order and with the help of these saints this order spread waste. The elder grandson of Shah Yahiya Mujdadi and the son of Hazrat Mujdadi Shah Rouff Ahmad Mujdadi come in Bhopal State during 1224 A.D. Khanqah Mujadadiya laid its foundation. Shah Abu Ahmad Mujadadi and the last memorial Shah Muhammad Yaqoob Mujadadi Almutife. From 1971, this order spread very rapidly. Tarikhi Sufi Bhopal, the Sufi orders and the follower of Sufism laid the spiritual and sufficient highlights of these Saints. So, the Bhopal State had pride that with the establishment of first Sufi order in India a Chishti order similarly in the land of Bhopal State was laid by the Nephew of Khawaja 8 muinuddin Chishti(R.A.), Hazrat Shah Fateh Ullah Chishti (R.A.). IMPACT ON BHOPAL STATE A Impact of Sufism on Hinduism Those Karamat (Supernatural powers, Miracles) acts and Spiritual teachings which is performed by Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti (R.A.), similarly the surprised Karamat (powers and Miracles) acts also performing by Hazrat Shah Fateh Ullah Chishti (R.A.) towards the strange land of Bhopal State in (Malwa Gundwana) and stay here. At that time the Malwa was ruled by Hindu King, the Islam was not spread here and was not any Muslim King whose steps reach here and establishes the Muslim rule. Suddenly at this time Hazrat Shah Fateh Ullah Chishti (R.A.) was passing there and watching all this seen after a short time, he smiling loudly and stand up. The Rajkumar (Prince) turn him, and Hazrat Shah Fateh Ullah Chishti (R.A.) told the Rajkumar (Prince), O! Brother you provide the good and best food or meals and also the sweets for your gods, but why they are not take it. Perhaps your gods are annoyed with you. 8 Vol. 3, Issue 2, October 2016

3 After hearing these words the Rajkumar (Prince) told him in an angry voice, if you are the real friend and true Saint of your God then you shows me, how you can do this how you can give him all the food and they will be eat it. After it Hazrat Shah Fateh Ullah Chishti (R.A.) is one of the great Saints and goes in front of these gods and said. The God who is the creator of the Sky and Earth the God on his order the World is running the God who is the creator of the entire Universe, with his name oh! Stone take all the meals or food and sweets eat it. Ultimately the pray is granted, all the people of this region watching this miracle that the stone gods really eat the food with his own hands. After watching this small and common miracle the heart of the Rajkumar (Prince) shocking all of this happens the light of Iman (Faith) is grownup in the heart of the Rajkumar (Prince) and embracing the Islam through the influence and blessing of Hazrat Shah Fateh 9 Ullah Chishti (R.A.). After all of this, the news of his spiritual powers goes famous and spread it all the peoples of this Society and went happily in the Ziyarat (Pilgrimage) of Hazrat Shah Fateh Ullah Chishti (R.A.), but the King and his ministers goes against him and stand in front of him like a dark storm. They want to fell down the voice of Islam and start the struggle against him. But the voice of the true Saint is the voice of the God increasing high and high. It is said that the priest of the Temple is also start struggle with him and go against the God's Saint, but they fell down on his feet. After some time the sea of Shirk (an Association) of Gundwana a region of Bhopal State fell into the Iman (Faith) and Irfan (Mysticism), the truth way of Hazrat Shah Fateh Ullah Chishti (R.A.) and the God's true Saint, real feelings give the way of the people of the Gundwana region and win the heart of the people and all the people embracing the Islam through 10 the influence of his spiritual powers, he is doing the work of success and make the doors for Islam. The Sufi Saint Nawab Faiz Muhammad Khan Bahadur never used to go outside Bhopal State, but his Dewan Bijjeh Ram was an efficient minister and maintains the Gonds in control. After comparative death of the 11 Dewan he was succeeded by his son Ghasi Ram, who promoted Hindus to the highest offices. B Impact of Sufism on Islam Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti (R.A.) sent one of his disciples Hazrat Shah Fateh Ullah Chishti (R.A.) in Bhopal State for teach the Islam and spread the teaching of Islam giving the message of attending the community prayers, making the pilgrimage to Mecca obeying the Shari'at and fulfilling all of the other aspects of Islamic faith. Hazrat Shah Fateh Ullah Chishti (R.A.) successfully develops his 12 teaching and fulfilling the Islamic faith, and died in 10 Rabiul Sani (650, H.). It is noticed that when Hazrat Shah Fateh Ullah Chishti (R.A.) came here in a region of Bhopal Vol. 3, Issue 2, October

4 State and the Maharaja (King) son Rajkumar (Prince) was famous for his braveness and his strongest was stamped in the heart of the people. Luckily this Rajkumar (Prince) was already faced with Hazrat Shah Fateh Ullah Chishti (R.A.) and he was already embracing the Islam when he was seeing his spiritual miracles. For his own good luck when he achieves the wealth of Islam and he became the disciple of Hazrat Shah Fateh Ullah Chishti (R.A.), and it is said that he wore the Libas (Clothes) of Islamic teaching. Hazrat Shah Fateh Ullah Chishti (R.A.) gives him a name Saleh uldin (R.A.) and he 13 built a Mosque in his own Mahal (Royal Palace). The Sufi Saint Nawab Faiz Muhammad Khan Bahadur The Nawab of Bhopal State, built the Shrine of Hazrat Shah Fateh Ullah Chishti (R.A.), during his period the State Qazi (Islamic Judge) was Qazi Muhammad Moazzam, the State Mufti (Scholar who issues farman) was Mufti Kharullah under these counseling Nawab Faiz Muhammad Khan gained the knowledge of Islam and spread the spiritual 14 lights in his State. The people of the Bhopal State ascribed the victory of the arms of Islam and the defeat of the Dakkanis to the efficacy of the prayers of Nawab Faiz Muhammad Khan, who they held to be a Sufi Saint. The Nawab was given to prayer and fasting; he was of lofty stature and of great length of arms, taciturn 15 and a recluse, but courteous, forbearing and firm; he never used to go outside Bhopal State. Nawan Qudsiya Begum gave the funds for a dispensary and rest house in Ajmer for the advantage of Pilgrims to the Shrine of Khawaja Muinuddin Chishti (R.A.), intimating of devotion of the 16 Sufi Pir. Nawab Sultan Jahan Begum also constructed the new door for the Shrine of Hazrat Shah 17 Fateh Ullah Chishti (R.A.) in ( ). CONCLUSION Sufi Saints made Islam quite popular in Bhopal State. They tried to remove Fanaticism between the Hindus and the Muslims and enhanced the feelings of humanity of love, tolerance and equality. The criticized and condemned the evil practices prevalent among the Hindus and the Muslims and tried to purify the Society of Bhopal State. Sufi Saints have been a legacy to the rich diverse culture of Bhopal State. Vol. 3, Issue 2, October

5 REFERENCES AND NOTES Nasir Rabia, and Malik Arsheed, International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Vol.2.,Issue 1, p.2. 2 Masood, A.K., Chishti Order of Sufism and Miscellaneous Literature, p Jafri, Saiyid Zaheer Husain, The Islamic Path, Sufism, Politics, and Society in India. New Delhi, Konrad Adenauer Foundation. 4 Walsh, Judith E., A brief history of India, p Schimmel Anniemarie, Mystical Dimension of Islam, p Amir Khwurd, Siyaru'lAuliya, p Khan, M. Murtaza, TarikhiMalwa,(urdu Trnsl.), p.134. quoted from, Hussani, Syed Abid Ali Wajdi, Qutab Malwa,(Urdu Trnsl.), pp Hussani, Syed Abid Ali Wajdi, Qutab Malwa,(Urdu Trnsl.), pp Ibid., pp Wahid, Pir Abdul, Tazkirah Babul Fateh,(Urdu Trnsl.), p.11. quoted from, Hussani, Syed Abid Ali Wajdi, Qutab Malwa,(Urdu Trnsl.), pp Begum, Shah Jahan, The Tajul Ikbal Bhopal, p Sehsuwani, Abdul Baqi,TarikhiRaisen, p.22. quoted from, Hussani, Syed Abid Ali Wajdi, Qutab Malwa,(Urdu Trnsl.), pp Hussani, Syed Abid Ali Wajdi, Qutab Malwa,(Urdu Trnsl.), p Hussani, Syed Abid Ali Wajdi,TarikhiRiyasat Bhopal,(Urdu Trnsl.), p Begum, Shah Jahan, The Tajul Ikbal Bhopal, p Siobhan, LambertHurley, Patronage Muslim women, Reform and Princely Nawab Sultan Jahan Begum of Bhopal, p Hussani, Syed Abid Ali Wajdi, Qutab Malwa,(Urdu Trnsl.), p BIBLIOGRAPHY 1 Amir Khwurd, Saiyid, M. bin Mubarak, Siyaru'l Auliya, (Delhi, 1302/1885). 2 Begum, Shah Jahan, The Tajul Ikbal, Bhopal, (Thacker spink, Calcutta, 1876). 3 Hussani, Syed Abid Ali Wajdi, Qutab Malwa, (Urdu Trnsl.), (Bhopal Book House Budwara, Bhopal, 2008). 4 Hussani, Syed Abid Ali Wajdi, TarikhiRiyasat Bhopal, (Urdu Trnsl.), (Bhopal Book House Budwara Bhopal, 1989) Vol. 3, Issue 2, October 2016

6 5 Jafri, Saiyid Zaheer Husain, The Islamic Path: Sufism, Politics and Society in India, (Konrad Adenauer Foundation, New Delhi, 2006). 6 Masood, A.K., Chishti Order of Sufism and Miscellaneous Literature, (Anmol Pub., Pvt., Ltd., New Delhi, 2003). 7 Nasir Rabia, and Malik Arsheed, International Journal of Advancements in Research and Technology, vol. 2, issue 1,(Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 2013). 8 Schimmel Anniemarie, Sufism the Mystical Dimension of Islam, (Chapel, Hill, The University of North Corolina, ). 9 Siobhan, LambertHurley, Patronage Muslim women, Reform and Princely Nawab Sultan Jahan Begum of Bhopal, Rout ledge, (London and New York, 2007). 10 Walsh Judith, E., A Brief History of India, (Old Westbury: State University of New York, 2006). * Professor of History. Govt, Hamidia Arts and Commerce College Bhopal, (Barkatullah University Bhopal)Madhya Pradesh, India. ** Ph.D Research Scholar. Vol. 3, Issue 2, October