The Swiss Reformation: Huldrych Zwingli and others. Fritz Graf, The Ohio State University

Transcription

1 The Swiss Reformation: Huldrych Zwingli and others Fritz Graf, The Ohio State University

2 1. Zwingli s Life

3 Portrait by Hans Asper

4 Dum patriae quaero per dogmata sancta salute, ingrate patrio caesus ab ense cado. When I was pursuing salvation for my country through the sacred writings, I die, felled by an unthankful sword. He died in the Year of the Lord 1531, on October 11, in the 48 th year of his life.

5 Zwingli: Time-line Zwingli s Life 1484 Born in Wildhaus 1506 MA in Basel, priest in Glarus (-1516) 1515 In Marignano; meets Erasmus 1516 Einsiedeln (-1518) 1516 Erasmus New Testament 1519 Jan. 1: Zürich, Grossmünster 1519 New Testament sermons; plague 1523 First and Second Zurich Disputation 1529 Marburg Disputation; First Kappelen War 1531 Second Kappelen War, killed in action. The Times 1483 Luther born 1492 Columbus in the Bahamas 1507 Luther ordained 1515 Battle of Marignano 1517 Luther s 95 theses 1521 Luther begins German translation of the Bible 1529 Marburg Disputation 1532 Calvin begins French reformation

6 Wildhaus: the house of the Zwingli family

7 Glarus

8 Einsiedeln

9 Zurich (Grossmünster) Fraumünster (imperial abbey) Grossmünster St. Peter (Leo Jud)

10 Switzerland at the time of Zwingli

11 2. Switzerland in Zwingli s Time

12 Switzerland at the time of Zwingli

13 Mercenary with Glarus Flag: Urs Graf, 1521

14 The Tagsatzung of 1531

15 Zwingli s Reformation Mechanisms and Achievement

16 Erasmus of Rotterdam (Rotterdam Basel 1536)

17 The Novum Instrumentum of

18 Complutense polyglot Bible, project of Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros

19 The consequences (in 1522) The principle: Sola scriptura ( by Scripture alone ) This leads immediately to Sermon on a passage from Scripture (against begging orders) Abolition of Fasting Abolition of Celibacy Iconoclasm Dissolution of monasteries

20 The 1529 battle of Kappel Catholic milk + Protestant bread

21 The 1531 battle of Kappel Etching by Merian, 1630 Flag: Zurich Flags: Lucerne and Uri

22 Switzerland in 1536

23 The successor: Heinrich Bullinger ( ) Aged 55 I do care nothing for beauty or life-time; I only care for Christ, who is the beauty of my life Founder of the Zurich Seminary for Reformed Theology, the Carolinum; intrepid interpreter of reformed Christianity in over letters and many books.

24 Contrasts

25 Saint Gall: Vadianus (Joachim von Watt) If someone does not know the give live and soul to the colors, He is unable to paint you, Vadian. In the 58 th year of life, 1545

26 Saint Gall in 1623

27 Saint Gall in 1623

28 Basel: Johannes Oecolampadius

29 Basel: Johannes Oecolampadius

30 Basel: Johannes Oecolampadius Cathedral University

31 Zwingli s Theological Positions

32 The principles 1 Sola scriptura ( by Scripture alone ) as against Luther s Sola fide ( by Faith alone ) This leads immediately to Sermon on a passage from Scripture (against begging orders) Abolition of Fasting Abolition of Celibacy Iconoclasm Dissolution of monasteries

33 The principles 2 Overarching principle: Solo Christo ( By Christ alone ) Scripture emanates from Christ and thus is secondary: > Allows agreements with Luther

34 The 15 articles of Marburg 1529 Agreement on 14 of the 15 articles including Original sin from which Christ saved us: Article 4: We believe that we are born with and inherited original sin from Adam

35 Predestination and Original Sin Zwingli: Results from God s power (optimist anthropology) Even Adam s fall is preordained Original sin an inborn defect that doesn t make us guilty as such > Baptism not needed We transgress out of free will Oecolampadius: Salus nostra ex Deo, perditio nostra ex nobis (Our salvation comes from God, our fall from ourselves) Luther: Results from man s inborn depravity (pessimist anthropology) Original sin creates guilt > Baptism is necessary purification

36 The 15 articles of Marburg 1529 Agreement on 14 of the 15 articles including Original sin from which Christ saved us: Article 4: We believe that we are born with and inherited original sin from Adam Baptism: Article 9: We believe that holy baptism is a sacrament which is an instrument of God for such faith and ordered by Him.

37 Baptism Zwingli: Baptism is not necessary for grace, because we are not inherently guilty, and grace is part of God. General rule: Sacraments symbolize and confirm but do not perform Luther: Baptism is necessary for grace, because it purifies us from original sin. General rule: Sacraments perform

38 The 15 articles of Marburg 1529 Agreement on 14 of the 15 articles including Original sin from which Christ saved us: Article 4: We believe that we are born with and inherited original sin from Adam Baptism: Article 9: We believe that holy baptism is a sacrament which is an instrument of God for such faith and ordered by Him. Disagreement on communion (article 15)

39 Communion Article 15: Although we have not been able to agree at this time, whether the true body and blood of Christ are corporally present in the bread and wine, each party should display towards the other Christian love, as far as each respective conscience allows, and both should persistently ask God the Almighty for guidance so that through his Spirit he might bring us to a proper understanding.

40 Communion Zwingli: A symbol of our faith and salvation and therefore not really Christ s body and flesh. Luther: An instrument for our salvation and therefore really Christ s body and blood. (Again: sacraments are symbols, not instruments)

41 Bullinger s confirmation Those who insist that the formal words of the Supper, This is my body; this is my blood, are to be taken in what they call the precisely literal sense, we repudiate as preposterous interpreters. For we hold it to be beyond controversy that they are to be taken figuratively, the bread and wine receiving the name of that which they signify.

42 Salvation God can save whom he pleases included non-baptized infants or pagans.

43 Salvation God can save whom he pleases included non-baptized infants or pagans.