Should religious people smoke? Should religious people drink? Should money raised by taxes be spent on rehabilitation? How do they help drug users?

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1 Types Of Drugs Legal/ Social drugs Alcohol Tobacco Caffeine Illegal drugs Cannabis Heroin Prescribed Drugs Morphine Sedatives Class A Most serious Most addictive Heroin, Ecstasy Punishment for use; 7 years Punishment for supply; Life in prison Class B Quite serious Affects the mind Cannabis, Amphetamines Punishment for use; 5 years in prison Punishment for supply; 14 years in prison. Class C Soft drugs Least harmful Tranquilisers Punishment for use; 2 years in prison Punishment for supply; 14 years in prison Should money raised by taxes be spent on rehabilitation? Drug users have paid tax on their drug so that should be used to help them. Drug abuse costs the NHS millions so money should be invested. Everyone ahs the right to free health care. Rehab ; does it work? Pros Counseling Group therapy Chance to detox Removes them from bad situations. Offer replacement drugs. Cons Very expensive. Low long term success rate. Why should anyone help them when they made their choice. Only the very rich can afford to keep going back. They have chosen to use drugs, society shouldn t help them. The only way they will learn is trough punishment not help. Rehab doesn t have a high success rate anyway, they will probably use again. More money in enforcing the law. Long term solutions Sentences on users to be increased. Rehabilitation could be provided and made compulsory for addicts. More investment in improving life in social deprived areas Increased focus on drugs education. KEY TEACHINGS and STORIES Bible teachings; Your body is a temple Do not get drunk with wine which will only ruin you It is foolish to get drunk Jesus turned water into wine FREEWILL God gave humans freewill which means they have the choice how to live their lives and whether they take drugs. They have freewill can smoke if they chose to Some religions believe God gave them tobacco and cannabis to use. Hindu s believe smoking cannabis brings them closer to God They have freewill Can drink in moderation, Jesus turned water into wine after all They drink in communion. To enhance sports performance To keep awake Pain relief Addiction What do Christians believe?: Peer Pressure Reasons for Taking drugs Should religious people smoke? Escapism COMPASSION If we see others suffering we should feel compelled to help, drug users would be included in this. Love your neighbor Social Reasons Rebellion It harms their body and life, which is sacred It is a waste of money which could be used to help poor. The are supposed to look after the world, not pollute it and others by smoking. Should religious people drink? Body in a temple Sets a bad example to others. Waste of money. How do they help drug users? Pray for them, give them guidance and advice, counsel them, set up youth clubs, help them find work, rebuild their relationships, show them love and compassion. Tobacco Part of social scene Makes a person relaxed Alcohol Social enjoyment Eases Inhibitions Pain relief Escapism Illegal Tobacco Leads to premature death Passive smoking cause of ill health Costs NHS Alcohol Premature death Leads to crime Damages relationships Illegal Drugs Leads to crime Mental illness Damages relationships. Keywords Drug Prescription Drugs Drug abuse Illegal drugs Social drugs Legal drugs Classification Rehabilitation STEWARDSHIP / CUSTODIANSHIP responsibility to care for it. Therefore Christians should not take drugs. God took man and put him in the Garden Of EDEN to work it and TAKE CARE OF IT EQUALITY All people are equal and deserve the same right to life and fair treatment. God created man in his OWN IMAGE GENESIS (CHRISTIAN) I look upon all creatures equally BHAGAVAD GITA (HINDU) SANCTITY OF LIFE Life is sacred and a gift from God, humans should not harm it with drugs. Your body is a temple.

2 Causes of Poverty, Unemployment and Homelessness in Britain Poor Education Born into a poor family Drug addiction Illness unable to work Gambling and gambling addiction Debt Laziness (indolence) can t be bothered to get a job Bereavement (losing a loved one) and depression cannot face getting a job Causes of Wealth Born into a wealthy family Inheritance getting money when someone dies Being a celebrity Investing money in successful businesses Hard work and a successful career Successful gambling (i.e. winning the National Lottery Being a Chief Executive (Fat Cat) or owning a company How does the government help the poor? Example Minimum Wage Child benefit National State Pension Disability Allowance Jobseekers Allowance Counseling and Advice Education and Training What is it? Minimum amount of money you are allowed to be paid set by the government Amount of money paid to your mother to help them raise you everyone gets this Amount of money paid to you once you reach the age of retirement, given every week Paid to people who need care or have disabilities Money paid to the unemployed if they are actively looking for work Government run JOBCENTRES which help give people advice and find work Government offers training courses and education courses to help people get into work How do NON RELIGIOUS CHARITIES help poor in Britain? OXFAM Campaign to make people aware of poverty in the UK Involved in LOCAL PROJECTS to help the poor THE BIG ISSUE Magazine that raises money for the homeless Sellers get to keep half of the money they make from selling magazines BIG ISSUE gives the homeless counseling and advice Who should care for the Britain s poor? The Government We pay taxes to the government which should help the poor Government s responsibility is to care for the weakest in society BUT Why should taxpayers pay for people that can t be bothered to work Lots of people milk the system to get as much free money as they can this is unfair The Family Families should have more responsibility to look after their own If the family has money it shouldn t be the TAXPAYERS job to help BUT What if the family has no money to help? In a JUST SOCIETY we should all help KEY TEACHINGS and STORIES The Good Samaritan story of a man helping a stranger who has been beaten up and robbed. MESSAGE: We should care for everyone, regardless of race or religion Rich Man and Lazarus story about a rich man who did not help the poor man Lazarus, and fed him crumbs from his table. The Rich man went to Hell because he did not help the poor man more MESSAGE: if we don t help the poor enough we go to Hell The story of the Sheep and Goats - At the end of the world Jesus divides people into 2 groups Sheep and Goats. The Sheep are sent to Heaven because they helped the poor, the Goats are sent to Hell because they ignored the poor. MESSAGE: if we don t help the poor enough we go to Hell A rich man asked Jesus how to get into Heaven Jesus told him to sell all his earthly possessions and give them to the poor Charities There are lots of charities set up to help the poor The government could have more money to spend on other important things like HEALTHCARE Should we have a NATIONAL LOTTERY? It is entertainment and people enjoy it It helps make some people rich It raises money for charities, the arts, sports and national heritage It encourages gambling, and could be addictive It makes the poor poorer, as they are the ones who will but tickets BUT Charities don t have enough money to help all the poor in Britain Is it right to pay chief executives massive FATCAT salaries? If they have made a company do well they deserve to be rewarded If they aren t paid well they will leave to work for another company They have a lot of RESPOSIBILITY and work very hard AGAPE - unconditional love The GOOD SAMARITAN we should care for everyone, regardless of race STEWARDSHIP / CUSTODIANSHIP responsibility to care for it God took man and put him in the Garden Of EDEN to work it and TAKE CARE OF IT What do Christians believe? They may work no harder than other people in the company one needs that much money it would be fairer to share the profits more equally Is it right to have a MINIMUM WAGE? It makes sure workers get paid fairly so can t be EXPLOITED It makes sure families know how much money is coming in each month How do religious people help the poor? The minimum wage is still very low and difficult to live off It costs some companies too much money *Donate money to charity *Give proportion of earnings to charity (tithes) *Work for charities *give food to the homeless *Buy clothes from charity shops such as OXFAM *Give money to church collections *campaign and fundraise to raise awareness COMPASSION If we see others suffering we should feel compelled to help JUSTICE Justice means FAIRNESS. Everybody deserves to be treated fairly. It is UNFAIR or UNJUST that so much of the world is in POVERTY EQUALITY All people are equal and deserve the same right to life and fair treatment God created man in his OWN IMAGE GENESIS (CHRISTIAN)

3 Types Of Crime Against God (Sin) lasphemy, Envy Against a Person Rape, Murder, GBH Against Property Vandalism, Theft Retribution; They deserve to die Deterrence; Deters others from doing horrendous things as they know the punishment. Protection; They can never re offend. Finance; Cheaper than prison. Justice; An eye for an eye or whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed Pros Against Society Treason, terrorism Two types of offence; Christian; Christians believe in Agape Love your neighbour Christians believe in forgiveness: Jesus taught his followers forgive us the wrongs we have done others as we forgive the wrongs that others have done to us Should we bring back the death penalty? Prison ; does it work? Prison protects society Isolates those who deserve punishment (retribution) T stops re-offending. Acts as a deterrent (vindication) Gives offenders a chance to reflect and decide to reform. Cons Schools for crime they can educate each other Prison breeds resentment, anger and a want for revenge. Most prisoner reoffend Prison makes it difficult to get a job when you leave. Offenders families suffer Christian Teachings: The Bible says Anyone who strikes a man shall surely be put to death (Exodus 21:12) An eye for an eye Pope John Paul II said execution should only be allowed in cases of absolute necessity, in other words, when it would not be possible otherwise to defend society PURPOSES OF PUNISHMENT 1. Protection; Society needs protecting from dangerous criminals and therefore they need to be locked away from society. 2. Retribution; This is about getting even with the person who has committed the crime. It Is getting revenge and giving them what they deserve. 3. Deterrence; This means to put others off of committing crime. The prospect of harsh consequences will persuade those thinking of breaking the law to think again and decide its not sensible. 4. Reformation; People who commit crime may require help to understand that their behavior is unacceptable and that they need to change their attitude and become responsible citizens in society. 5. Vindication; Offenders must be punished to show that the law is right and must be respected. Mistakes; innocent people die. Protection; prison protects society. Deterrence; there is no evidence that the death penalty puts people off. Reformation; reformed criminals can be a good influence. Sanctity of Life; Only God has the right to end people lives. Forgiveness forgive us our trespasses (sins) as we forgive those who sin against us. Keywords Crime Sin Reformation Protection Deterrence Vindication Retribution Capital Punishment Parole Probation A*- C Religious Teachings Christian Teachings; Follow justice and justice alone, so that you may live and possess the land the Lord your God is giving you. Deuteronomy But let justice roll on like a river, righteousness, like a never failing stream. Amos A man reaps what he sows. Galatians You shall not steal. Ten commandments You shall not murder. Ten commandments Eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth. Exodus If your brother repents, forgive him. Luke When justice is done it brings joy to the righteous but terror to evildoers. Proverbs FORGIVENESS. Christians believe everyone deserves a second chance. If your brother repents, forgive him. STEWARDSHIP / CUSTODIANSHIP responsibility to care for it, therefore we need to protect Society from crime. God took man and put him in the Garden Of EDEN to work it and TAKE CARE OF IT Parole gives prisoners a second chance in life. Parole gives criminals something to work towards and the chance to reform. Is a prisoner has reformed, what is the point in keeping them locked away. The causes of their crime may not be their fault, but a result of their upbringing. If they never get help they will never change and keep reoffending. Criminals are people and should not be made to suffer, we should treat them with love and compassion. AGAPE Christians believe in Unconditional love, meaning even loving criminals. Love thy neighbour Community service; Unpaid work Probation Curfew Suspended sentence What do Christians believe?: EQUALITY All people are equal and deserve the same right to life and fair quality of life, even prisoners. God created man in his OWN IMAGE GENESIS (CHRISTIAN) Fines; amount of money to courts Types of Punishment Custodial sentence; Prison Electronic Tag Capital Punishment; Death penalty Should parole (early release from prison) be encouraged? Prisoners need to serve full sentences to they learn their lesson. Some criminals do not deserve a second chance. Parole makes punishments seem soft, others may not be put off committing crime if we use parole. Criminals should be helped, not punished. They need to learn their lesson and be put off doing it again. Why should society help them? They got themselves into the situation, its their own fault. We need to send out a strong message to anyone thinking of committing crime that they will be punished. How do religious people treat criminals? Visit prisoners to train, educate and support them. Support the families of those in prison to arrange visits and give gifts to children whose parents are in prison. Be a friend to exprisoners to help them back into society. JUSTICE People need to be treated with justice, according to what they have done in their lives. An eye for an eye Sanctity of Life Life is sacred and a gift from God, humans should not take it away through murder or the death penalty. Do not murder

4 Causes of Poverty in LEDCs (Less Economically Developed Countries) Example War Disease Poor Environment Lack of Education Corruption Population Growth Example Debt Repayment UNFAIR Trade Internal Causes Why? Costs money Destroys Crops Kills and disables people Causes refugees Pollutes water High mortality kills people HIV / AIDS Hunger / poor debt Lack of medical treatment Natural Disasters Earthquakes, Floods, Drought Destroys crops, houses and infrastructure Hard for country to get back on its feet People don t have skills to farm land properly, understand and tackle health problems Countries have corrupt leaders that take AID MONEY and keep it for themselves Population growth is more of problem in poor countries, caused by NO CONTRACEPTION and a desire to have more children so parents have someone to care for them when the are older Why do RICH COUNTRIES cause WORLD POVERTY? Why? MEDCs lend LEDCs money to help but CHARGE INTEREST on the loans, that poor countries can t pay back Multinational companies such as SUPERMARKETS buy produce at very low prices so farmers have no choice who to sell to them People use land to grow CASH CROPS produce that can be sold for profit to big companies. Land is not used to grow food for the country How do MEDCs help? (More Economically Developed Countries) EMERGENCY AID Given in the short term to help people survive in a crisis Examples: Sending food / water / clothes / tents / emergency workers following a disaster LONG-TERM AID (SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT) Aid given over a few years to fund projects aimed at helping countries stand on their own feet (self reliance) Examples: AGAPE - unconditional love The GOOD SAMARITAN we should care for everyone, regardless of race Training doctors, building infrastructure such as roads, water supplies, building schools, training teachers, providing sex education and contraception to help control population growth STEWARDSHIP / CUSTODIANSHIP responsibility to care for it God took man and put him in the Garden Of EDEN to work it and TAKE CARE OF IT KEY TEACHINGS and STORIES For the exam you must know STEWARDSHIP, JUSTICE and COMPASSION The Good Samaritan story of a man helping a stranger who has been beaten up and robbed. MESSAGE: We should care for everyone, regardless of race or religion Rich Man and Lazarus story about a rich man who did not help the poor man Lazarus, and fed him crumbs from his table. The Rich man went to Hell because he did not help the poor man more MESSAGE: if we don t help the poor enough we go to Hell The story of the Sheep and Goats - At the end of the world Jesus divides people into 2 groups Sheep and Goats. The Sheep are sent to Heaven because they helped the poor, the Goats are sent to Hell because they ignored the poor. MESSAFE: if we don t help the poor enough we go to Hell What do Christians believe?: What is FAIRTRADE? What is FAIR TRADE? Set up in 1992 by CAFOD, CHRISTIAN AID, OXFAM, TRAIDCRAFT and the WORLD DEVELOPMENT FUND Aims to make sure WORKERS and FARMERS are treated more fairly and get the chance to develop How does FAIR TRADE work? Companies apply to get the FAIRTRADE LABEL on certain products FAIRTADE Guarantees FARMERS and WORKERS are paid a fair price for their products, which is high enough to make sure they can grow and develop the company or co-operative (group of farms working together) Sets a MINIMUM PRICE for products. If global prices fall below this minimum, the producer still get the minimum price In addition the producer is paid extra money which must be used in ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL or ECONOMIC development projects, such as HEALTHCARE or EDUCATION COMPASSION If we see others suffering we should feel compelled to help EQUALITY All people are equal and deserve the same right to life and fair treatment God created man in his OWN IMAGE GENESIS (CHRISTIAN) JUSTICE Justice means FAIRNESS. Everybody deserves to be treated fairly. It is UNFAIR or UNJUST that so much of the world is in POVERTY How do religious people help the poor?: *Donate money to charity *Give proportion of earnings to charity (tithes) *Do voluntary service work abroad in LEDCs or for charities *Buy FAIR TRADE products *Buy clothes from charity shops such as OXFAM *Give money to church collections *campaign and fundraise to raise awareness Religious Charities CHRISTIAN AID Aims: Committed to seeing JUSTICE in the world Their slogan is LIFE BEFORE DEATH Involved in emergency and long term aid Campaign to get rid of LEDC debt Founder of FAIRTRADE Works on development projects all around world Help build schools, hospitals, train teachers, train farmers etc.

5 Animal Rights Pros Cons More efficient and cheaper Unnatural/unethical Meets mass demand and has greater profit Animal cruelty Animal Rights The rights of animals which state that they deserve to LIVE according to their own nature. Uses of animals Entertainment - Sport Travel Hunting Transport - Farming Work - Guide Dogs Companionship - Pets Humans Animals Have a moral compass Have no moral compass Ability to make conscious decisions Behave according to instinct Made in the image of GOD Some believe animals have no souls Difference between humans and animals: Religious beliefs towards animals: Christianity: Humans are in charge ( humans have dominion over animals ), but we must take care of all creation; even a sparrow: Whoever is righteous has regard for its beast. Ways to protect the rights of animals: Protest Set up organisations - RSPCA Write letters of complaint Why Zoos are necessary: Good homes for endangered species. Help protect weaker animals in the wild. Religious views on Zoos: Accepted if kept in conditions that are as close as possible to the wild. Recognise that Zoos can help preserve species in the wild by research and breeding programmes. Free Range Farming: Method of raising animals for food. They roam freely; live a natural life. Factory Farming: Method of raising animals for food. They are kept indoors in small spaces. o Part of God s second covenant (promise) with the Israelites: God helped Moses and the children of Israel out of Egypt. God in return asked for them to follow 10 commandments (613 in total) Pros Natural Good quality of life for animals Reasons for endangered species: Hunting Poaching; fur trade Destruction of habitat Cons More expensive Takes longer to breed animals Key: Red Key Words Green Religious Quotes Why Zoos are unnecessary: May be bad conditions in the enclosure. Against animals will; interrupts food chain. Christians: o Can eat what they want because Jesus said that it s not about what you eat, it s about what s in your heart. Vegetarianism: People who do not eat meat. o Because they do not wish to harm animals. o Part of their religion. o Believe vegetables are safer to eat. o Don t like the taste of meat. Religious attitudes to animals in Hunting: Christianity - Hunting is justified; God told humans to bring animals under control. Why is Animal Experimentation good? Potentially finds human cures Can test for side effects Why is Animal Experimentation bad? May not have the same effects on humans Kills animals in the process Animals will suffer Animal Experiments - Testing on animals for medical/cosmetic purposes to ensure that the product is safe for humans. Government inspects labs to make sure animal suffering if kept to a minimum. Genetic Modification - Changing animals through altering their genetics in a lab. Can be used to supply organs to humans e.g. pig hearts. Cloning - Creating an organism that is the exact genetic copy of another. People worry that the main motive behind this is to make money. Religious attitudes towards Animal Experimentation: Christianity - Accept animal testing if suffering is kept to a minimum. SUMMARY Cloning animals is trying to play God For Against Humans protect animals, not alter them Cloning could lead to finding cures Only God can alter animals Humans have superiority over animals Humans & animals are equal so deserve respect Religious attitudes towards animals and their treatment Christianity: Stewardship - Righteous man has regard for his beast. Therefore.. it is cruel to kill an animal for meat For Against All religions believe in sanctity of life Humans have dominion over animals (Christianity) Many animals are treated inhumanely Do not harm animals Do not test on animals; fur & ivory trade Do not use them for sports or remove them from the wild Humans have dominion over animals - Therefore if human life is in danger, all the above is permissible.

6 Peace the absence of conflict that leads to harmony. Justice bringing about what is right and fair, according to law. Pacifism belief of people who refuse to take part in war or in any form of violence. Holy War fighting for a religious cause and controlled by a religious leader. Just War - a war that the Christian Church defines as acceptable. Self defence Last resort; prior diplomatic talks Avoid evil; freedom Good achieved will outweigh evil Excessive force must not be used Reasonable chance of success Lawfully declared by a proper authority. Christians: Believe in Just War and its conditions: Self defence Last resort; prior diplomatic talks Avoid evil; freedom Good achieved will outweigh evil Excessive force must not be used Reasonable chance of success Lawfully declared by a proper authority. Pacifist beliefs: Sanctity of life is important - every person deserves respect. Killing goes against their beliefs. WAR CAUSES SUFFERING. Suffering is out of proportion to evil being fought. WAR DAMAGES ENVIRONMENT. Negotiations often settle disputes so loss of life will have achieved very little. KEY TEACHINGS and STORIES The Good Samaritan story of a man helping a stranger who has been beaten up and robbed. MESSAGE: We should care for everyone, regardless of race or religion. Treat others as you wish to be treated. Do not repay evil with evil Blessed are the peacemakers Thou shall not kill An eye for an eye All that live by the sword, die by the sword Aid Organisations Red Cross: Started in 1859 Aim to establish protection for neutral medical staff and field hospitals. Christian Aid Save the Children Types of Weapons: Biological, Chemical, Nuclear. Vietnam War: Need to know events of at least ONE modern war: Communists in the rth fought against Capitalists in the South. South was backed by USA and other capitalist countries. rth eventually won. rth REUNIFIED with South to form communist Vietnam; took over Laos and Cambodia. Created a MASSIVE REFUGEE CRISIS; boat people For War Replace a corrupt government Achieve a goal To gain/give independence Against War Innocent people will die Refugee crisis Bankruptcy/Cost Religious Leader who supported Holy War Ayatollah Khomeini: Became Ayatollah in Arrested in 1962 for outspoken opposition to the pro-western regime at the time in Iran. Exiled from Iran in Urged supporters to overthrow the Shah (leader at the time). Government was overthrown. Referendum won in 1979 to declare Iran as an Islamic Republic. Islamic Law was introduced ALL OVER THE COUNTRY Consequences of War: Innocent people die. Environment destroyed. Refugees; family separation. Economic crisis; bankruptcy Depletion of natural resources. United Nations (UN): Aim to keep peace throughout the world and develop friendly relations among nations. rth Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO): Aim to protect and safeguard freedom of its members. An attack against one country is an attack on all. There are 28 members of this organisation. Here are the founding 12: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, rway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Fighting for a religious cause. Controlled by a religious leader. Many who take part believe they will gain a spiritual reward. Declared to defend their religion or followers. Some fought to win back a country Religious Leader who fought for peace? Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso) During the Chinese Occupation of Tibet: Thousands demonstrate for Chinese to leave Tibet Dalai Lama escaped to India in exile. Beliefs: Refused to consider violence to win. Encouraged refugees to save Tibetan culture and way of life. 200 Tibetan monasteries were established in India. Urged people to find peaceful solutions based on tolerance and mutual respect.

7 Religion and Early Life Key: Red Key Words Green Religious Quotes Abortion Terminating a pregnancy before the foetus is viable (before 24 weeks) Religious beliefs towards when life begins: Christianity: o Life starts at conception. This belief is upheld by Roman Catholics in particular. o The embryo is a person or a potential person, therefore has rights. Foetus - Fertilised ovum around 11 weeks old. Embryo - Fertilised ovum around days old. Contraception - Preventive measures taken to stop conception. Laws about Abortion: 1967 Abortion Act - Allows abortion up to 28 weeks down the pregnancy Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act - Allow abortion up to 24 weeks down the pregnancy due to new medical techniques. Medical permission for Abortion: If two doctors agree that these particular conditions are met: o The mother might die. o The baby may be born severely physically or mentally disabled. o There is a risk to the woman s physical or mental health. o There is a risk to the physical or mental health to the mother s existing children. There is no time limit on when to abort the pregnancy if the mother s life is in danger. In an emergency, no second doctor is needed for agreement. Pro-Life arguments: Believe in the SANCTITY OF LIFE. o All life is sacred as it is God-given. Depression and guilt may follow abortion. Disabled people can enjoy a happy life. Unwanted children can be adopted by those unable to. Children need protection before and after birth. - UN Declaration. Abortion can be used selfishly to avoid responsibility. Why might a baby be unwanted? Remember at least THREE reasons: Causes resentment in a mother whose circumstances aren t suitable for motherhood. Mother might be too young. When a baby s father may not wish to be involved. If a child is conceived through rape. If parents cannot afford a child. Religious beliefs towards Abortion: Christianity (Roman Catholics): o Forbids abortion totally: Abortion and infanticide are abominable crimes. -Second Vatican Council You shall not kill an unborn child -Didache o Catholics = PRO-LIFE Christianity (Protestants): o Most agree with Roman Catholics in principle but most accept that each case is special. o Abortion can be permitted in certain cases: Serious risk to mother s life Conception is a result of rape Grave risk of the baby being born handicapped o In an imperfect world, the right choice is sometimes the acceptance of the lesser of two evils. -General Synod of the Church of England. o Protestants = PRO-CHOICE TOPIC 4 Adoption - Legal process where a child is taken into a family as a son/daughter. Fostering - Taking a child from a different family and making them live and be brought up with a new family; not legally becoming part of the family.

8 What is DEATH? The medical definition of death is: When the heart has stopped working and cannot be restarted AND / OR When the brain has stopped working PROBLEMS with defining death: Sometimes people can be brain dead but kept alive on a lifesupport machine People can also be kept alive on life support when their heart has stopped It is difficult to know when someone is completely BRAIN DEAD sometime people have been pronounced brain dead but then RECOVERED PROBLEMS with prolonging life: All religions believe it is RIGHT to turn of a life support machine if someone is BRAIN-DEAD as there is no chance of them recovering and they would have NO QUALITY OF LIFE. Some family members might not want a life support machine switched off as it prevents any chance recovery whatsoever Caring for the Elderly What problems do they have? AGEISM they are discriminated against by being treated as useless. Often find it hard to find work. IMMOBILITY As we get older our joints become weaker and we find it harder to move around. ILLNESS more prone to illness. LONLINESS and NEGLECT often older people are ignored by their family and PUT INTO CARE HOMES. FEELING WORTHLESS - feeling like they have nothing to offer society anymore POVERTY Often people face money problems when they retire and are no longer earnings Ways of Caring for the Elderly Living at home many want to stay in their own home. They can be supported by help from SOCIAL WORKERS and charities such as MEALS ON WHEELS Living with family (EXTENDED FAMILY) - may live with their own children and grandchildren. Warden-assisted living - they may live independently in special flats that are fitted with alarms. A warden lives near them and can help them if they need it. Residential Homes These are special community homes where the elderly may have a room and are cared for by CARE WORKERS. They may have communal activities organised for them Nursing Homes if the person is ill and needs lots of medical care, they may move to a NURSING HOME, which is similar to a residential home but staffed by nurses The EUTHANASIA DEBATE WHAT IS EUTHANASIA? Euthanasia means helping people to die by bringing about a gentle, dignified death Euthanasia is ILLEGAL in the UK, but legal in SWITZERLAND. 4 Types of Euthanasia ACTIVE EUTHANASIA - Where something is GIVEN to end life. For example when someone being given a drink to put them to sleep, as happens in the DIGNITAS CLINIC, in Switzerland. PASSIVE EUTHANASIA - Where something is TAKEN AWAY that is artificially PROLONGING LIFE. For example when a life support machine being switched off, or feeding tube is removed. VOLUNTARY EUTHANASIA - When someone asks for assistance in ending their life INVOLUNTARY EUTHANASIA - When someone is euthanized (killed) without their consent (permission). This is usually because they are unable to give permission because they are in a coma Beliefs about LIFE AFTER DEATH (How does religion COMFORT the dying?) CHRISTIAN BELIEFS Christians believe when they die their soul will be RESURRECTED (rise from the grave), as Jesus rose from the cross after he died. Many believe they will then be JUDGED by God, based on how they have lived their lives. God then decides whether they should go to Heaven or Hell. HEAVEN Some believe Heaven just means an eternity with God. Others believe it is a place with angels, where they will be reunited with friends and family who have passed away. Some people may look forward to death so they can be with God and the ones they love. HELL Some Christians believe in a real HELL, with demons and fire, where their souls will be tortured for eternity. Other Christians believe Hell is METAPHORICAL (an idea) it means not spending an eternity with God after death PURGATORY (Catholics Only) Catholics believe that some people will go to PURGATORY before going to Heaven. This is a place where their soul will be cleansed and prepared before entering Heaven. Catholics pray that people who have died will not have to spend long in PURGATORY STEWARDSHIP / CUSTODIANSHIP responsibility to care for it God took man and put him in the Garden Of EDEN to work it and TAKE CARE OF IT QUALITY OF LIFE Everyone has a right to a decent quality of life. People should be allowed treatments if they have a POOR quality of life The HOSPICE MOVEMENT Hospice care is care for the terminally ill and dying. It often takes place in special buildings called HOSPICES, but can also happen at home. It is often carried out by CHRISTIAN ORGANISATIONS. Patients are given PALLIATIVE CARE this is care that stops pain and makes patients comfortable BUT DOES NOT CURE THE ILLNESS. The patients and their families are also given counselling and support to help them come to terms with dying Why do RELIGIOUS PEOPLE support HOSPICES? They allow people to die with DIGNITY Christians believe in AGAPE (unconditional love). Hospices show love and compassion to the dying They are a better ALTERNATIVE TO EUTHANASIA, because euthanasia goes against the SANCTITY OF LIFE by killing people. Hospices allow people to die NATURALLY. SIN it is wrong to KILL the Bible says Do t Kill (10 Commandments) AGAPE - unconditional love The GOOD SAMARITAN we should care for everyone, and allow treatments SANCTITY OF LIFE All life is SACRED and a gift from God only God should create life or destroy it COMPASSION If we see others suffering we should feel compelled to help Arguments FOR Euthanasia People have the right to decide WHEN they want to die (SELF DETERMINATION) t all pain can be controlled so natural death can be painful without dignity Euthanasia stops suffering and gives people dignity 50% of British doctors are in favour of legalising euthanasia It is seen as humane to put animals down when they suffer. We should do the same for humans. People have the right to a good quality of life if someone has a bad quality of life they have the right to end it as it is not worth living Arguments AGAINST Euthanasia Euthanasia is MURDER and goes against The sanctity of life Most pain can be controlled with drugs people can die naturally WITHOUT euthanasia The Pope said with consent, euthanasia is suicide, and without it is murder both are sins Some people might abuse euthanasia laws. For example families might pressurise older people into ending their life so they could benefit from their will and get money. HOSPICE CARE is an effective alternative to euthanasia it allows people to die with dignity What if scientists discover a CURE? Euthanasia prevents the chance of recovery through discoveries of new treatments