Service of Compline for the Reception of the Remains of King Richard III by the grace of God King of England and France and Lord of Ireland

Transcription

1 Service of Compline for the Reception of the Remains of King Richard III by the grace of God King of England and France and Lord of Ireland 6.00pm Sunday 22 March

2 In his day King Richard III styled himself By the Grace of God King of England and France and Lord of Ireland and in these Services for his reinterment we have followed that same ascription. To donate to the Leicester Cathedral King Richard III Appeal visit Leicester Cathedral thanks the following for their support Taylor Bloxham (printing) Fedrigoni (paper) Candles for the reinterment supplied by the Wax Chandlers Company. Copyright acknowledgement (where not already indicated above): Music reproduced under licence CCL Some material included in this Service is copyright: The Archbishops Council 2000 Night Prayer introductory note The Archbishops Council 2005 Some material included in this Service is copyright The Crown/Cambridge University Press: The Book of Common Prayer (1662) TAKE HIM, EARTH, FOR CHERISHING Music by HERBERT HOWELLS Translated Text by HELEN WADELL 1964 THE H. W. GRAY COMPANY All Rights Assigned to and Controlled by ALFRED MUSIC All Rights Reserved Used by Permission. 2 23

3 Foreword Who would have believed a king would be found in a car park? It took much ingenuity to find and identify King Richard III. The advocacy and research of the Richard III Society, combined with the passion and commitment of the Looking for Richard Project alongside the expertise and care of the University of Leicester, led to his finding. King Richard III was a courageous soldier, a disabled person at a time very different to ours, a brother, husband and father who knew personal tragedy. His life, so often retold by Shakespeare and the victors of Bosworth, places him at a pivot of our history and resolutely within the culture of England. He seems a hero to some and a villain to others, and the few short years of his reign held promise of a time of peace and good government that was not to be. His finding returns him to the entire nation. He does not belong to one viewpoint or to one geographical place. His story has more to reveal. The Houses of Lancaster and York battled it out and many on both sides died on 22 August 1485, casting a long shadow of grief. Leicester, since Roman times, was a place of cultural exchange in the heart of England. Now we are an icon of modern Britain, with a diverse city made up of many faiths and cultures set in a rural county, proud of her traditions. Here we have learnt that difference can be life giving and that divisions can be healed. So reconciliation is a key theme for these days. For example, representatives of the families who were involved on both sides of the battle are here together in peace. Many partners have worked together, including Leicester City Council, Leicestershire County Council, the Diocese of Leicester and the University of Leicester. We have sought to act with a dignity and honour which is much deeper than any position or polemic. We believe this bears witness to the power of the King s story, and the ongoing need for us to draw deeply from our past if we are to understand ourselves today. King Richard was a person of profound Christian faith. As such he valued life as a gift. He understood the need to love his neighbour, to pray for his enemies and be generous with his resources. He would have known inspiration to create new vision and to carry him through darkness. He would have had enduring hope that not even death could extinguish. As we lay King Richard to rest in this Cathedral, mindful of our own mortality, might we too discover hope which endures? Aware of so much fragmentation in our world, might difference be reconciled and a community of belonging grow? All this could be a transforming legacy of the last Plantagenet King. The Very Reverend David Monteith Dean of Leicester 22 3

4 Liturgical Note Reinterment is the name used to describe the process by which bodies, committed to the ground in a funeral rite, are later exhumed and reburied in a new site. Such events occur fairly regularly. On this very site in 2014, during the creation of the new Cathedral Gardens, human remains were discovered that were reburied with a short but dignified ceremony of prayer. One year before, under a car park less than 50 metres from where we now sit, a different set of bones were found to be the remains of King Richard III. What makes the events of this week different is the status of the person being reburied. In addition, the circumstances of Richard III s funeral, which took place more than 500 years ago, failed to honour his status as King of England. His funeral lacked the dignity and ceremony customary for a man of his position. Reburying the remains of high-status individuals was popular during the lifetime of King Richard III. Most kings of the 1400s and many noble families were involved in reburials: Henry V reburied Richard II at the beginning of the 1400s and, at the end, Richard III reburied Henry VI. Furthermore, many dukes and earls engaged in reburial ceremonies, either as organisers or recipients. Until fairly recently it was unknown what exactly happened at these 15th century reburial ceremonies. However, in 2009 Dr Alexandra Buckle from the University of Oxford discovered the only surviving account of a 15th century reburial in the British Library. Apart from well-known liturgical elements still used in contemporary funerals and memorial services, the rite contains unique elements not known to exist in other medieval liturgies. This rite has been highly influential in the creation of the liturgies of this week. Changes have been made to make this a 21st century service accessible to people attending or watching the reburial on television. However, enough has been retained to make the reinterment service and the shape of the services of the entire week recognisable to those who attended the ceremonies Richard III organised and frequented. The medieval rite of reburial allowed the usual pattern of prayer in the church to continue in the presence of the human remains to be reinterred. We follow exactly the same pattern at Leicester Cathedral: we receive the remains at Compline, the Night Prayer of the Church, and we continue our pattern of Morning Prayer, Evening Prayer and daily Eucharist whilst his remains are in repose. Then, just as in the medieval rite, we reinter the remains in a service based on Morning Prayer. Finally we conclude the week with a somewhat elaborate form of Midday Prayer. Much time has been spent and knowledge brought to bear on creating a pattern of services for our time; services that are similar in essence to those which Richard would have attended in life, but which, until now, he has been denied in death. Dr Alexandra Buckle University of Oxford The Reverend Canon Dr Johannes Arens Canon Precentor, Leicester Cathedral Recession The Crucifer The Acolytes The Cathedral Clergy The Canon Missioner The Canon Chancellor The Canon Precentor The Sub-Dean The Dean The Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster The Bishop s Chaplain The Registrar The Bishop of Leicester The Bishop s Chaplain HRH The Duke of Gloucester KG GCVO HM Lord-Lieutenant of Leicestershire Descendants of Peers of the Realm who fought in the Wars of the Roses Members of Bishop s Senior Staff The Archdeacons of Leicester and Loughborough The Assistant Bishop of Leicester The Cathedral Wardens The College of Canons The Canons Theologian The Cathedral Administrator The Dean of York The Diocesan Administrator of the Catholic Diocese of Nottingham The Catholic Bishop of Nottingham s Private Secretary Interfaith Representatives Ecumenical Representatives Diocesan and Visiting Readers and Clergy The Area Deans The Clerical and Lay Vice-Presidents of Diocesan Synod 4 21

5 The Conclusion We will lay us down in peace and take our rest, for it is thou, Lord, only that makest us dwell in safety. Abide with us, O Lord, for it is toward evening and the day is far spent. As the watchmen look for the morning, so do we look for thee, O Christ. Come with the dawning of the day and make thyself known in the breaking of bread. The Lord be with you and with thy spirit. Let us bless the Lord. Thanks be to God. The almighty and merciful Lord, + the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost, bless us and preserve us. All remain standing for the Recession during which the Organist plays the following piece, based on the Marian Antiphon for the season of Lent: Ave Regina Caelorum Guy Weitz ( ) Hail, Queen of Heaven Historical Note Richard III, King of England and Lord of Ireland, was the son of Richard Duke of York, the Yorkist claimant to the throne of England, and his wife Cecily. The residences of the Dukes of York included Fotheringhay Castle (Northamptonshire), where Richard was born on 3 May As the child of a protagonist in the Wars of the Roses, Richard was often moved from place to place for safety, living at various times in Northamptonshire, London, Greenwich, Burgundy and Yorkshire. At the age of nine, at a point when the tide of war had moved temporarily in favour of the Yorkists, he was created Duke of Gloucester. Richard emerged as a public figure in 1459, at the age of 17, and thereafter established himself as the principal authority in Wales, the North of England, East Anglia and the West Country. When King Edward died on 9 April 1483, Richard, his only surviving brother, became Lord Protector. He then ascended the throne, bypassing the claim of his nephew Edward V, who was imprisoned in the Tower of London with his younger brother. Richard was crowned at Westminster Abbey on 6 July His claim to the throne was contested, and when the boys in the Tower disappeared, Henry Tudor (later Henry VII) emerged as Richard s principal rival. The enmity between Richard and Henry culminated on 22 August 1485 at Bosworth Field, Leicestershire. In the words of one chronicler, Richard died fighting manfully in the thickest press of his enemies. His body was taken to Leicester, and a few days later was buried in the church of the Franciscans. The exact location of his grave was eventually lost, but in 2012 the remains of his body were found. Early accounts of Richard s life were shaped by those who had defeated him, and Shakespeare invested this distinctive perspective with an almost mythical status. Research in recent decades, together with new information arising out of the finding of Richard s remains, has led to a re-evaluation of this decisive story in the history of these islands. The glimpses of Richard s character afforded by the historical record testify to his faith, his commitment to equity and the rule of law, and to what one chronicler described as his high and fierce courage. He is now laid to rest with dignity and honour in the Cathedral of the city where he has lain for the past 530 years. Professor Gordon Campbell University of Leicester 20 5

6 Photography, filming and sound recording are not allowed in Leicester Cathedral at any time during this Service. Please ensure that mobile telephones, pagers and other electronic devices are switched off. The Service is sung by the Senior Trebles and Songmen of Leicester Cathedral Choir, with members of Leicester Cathedral Chamber Choir, conducted by Director of Music Dr Christopher Ouvry-Johns. The Motet Take him, earth, for cherishing Take him, earth, for cherishing, Not though ancient time decaying to thy tender breast receive him. wear away these bones to sand, Body of a man I bring thee, ashes that a man might measure noble even in its ruin. in the hollow of his hand: The organ is played by Simon Headley, Cathedral Organist and Assistant Director of Music. King Richard III s coffin was specially commissioned from Michael Ibsen, direct all-femaleline descendant of King Richard III, with lead lining by Dr Jonathan Castleman. The ceremonial pall was specially commissioned for these Services from Jacquie Binns. The crown has been donated for these Services by Dr John Ashdown-Hill. Music before the Service: Once was this a spirit s dwelling, by the breath of God created. High the heart that here was beating, Christ the prince of all its living. Guard him well, the dead I give thee, not unmindful of his creature shall he ask it: he who made it symbol of his mystery. Not though wandering winds and idle drifting through the empty sky, scatter dust was nerve and sinew, is it given to man to die. Once again the shining road leads to ample Paradise; open are the woods again, that the Serpent lost for men. Prelude in C minor BWV 546i Johann Sebastian Bach ( ) Prelude on Tallis s Canon Op. 88 no. 6 Charles Villiers Stanford ( ) Te lucis ante terminum Op. 38 no. 5 Marcel Dupré ( ) Before the ending of the day De profundis from Neuf Pièces Op. 40 no. 6 Jean Langlais ( ) Out of the Deep Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir [à 6] BWV 686 Johann Sebastian Bach ( ) From deepest need I cry to thee Mit Fried und Freud ich fahr dahin BWV 616 Johann Sebastian Bach ( ) With peace and joy I now go thence Herr Gott, nun schleuß den Himmel auf BWV 617 Johann Sebastian Bach ( ) Lord God, now unlock heaven Fugue in C minor BWV 546ii Johann Sebastian Bach ( ) Comes the hour God hath appointed to fulfill the hope of men, then must thou, in very fashion, what I give, return again. Take, O take him, mighty Leader, take again thy servant s soul. Grave his name, and pour the fragrant balm upon the icy stone. Herbert Howells ( ) Prudentius ( ) composed for the memorial service from Hymnus circa Exsequias Defuncti of John F. Kennedy tr. Helen Waddell ( ) All remain seated as the Bishop leads The Final Collect This Collect has been associated with the Service of Compline since the 6th century. Visit, we beseech thee, O Lord, this place, and drive from it all the snares of the enemy; let thy holy angels dwell here to guard us in peace; and may thy blessing be upon us evermore; through Jesus Christ, thy Son, our Lord, who liveth and reigneth with thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end. All stand for 6 19

7 that when our bodies lie in the dust, our souls may live with thee; who livest and reignest with the Father and the Holy Ghost, one God, world without end. Lighten our darkness, we beseech thee, O Lord; and by thy great mercy defend us from all perils and dangers of this night; for the love of thy only Son, our Saviour, Jesus Christ. Be present, O merciful God, and protect us through the silent hours of this night, so that we who are wearied by the changes and chances of this fleeting world may repose upon thy eternal changelessness; through Jesus Christ our Lord. Plainsong All remain seated for The Sermon His Eminence Cardinal Vincent Nichols, Archbishop of Westminster Following the Sermon, the Archbishop leads The Collect Under the surviving statutes of Middleham College, founded by King Richard III in 1478, this Collect was to have been said daily by the College clergy, following Richard s death. Processions Diocesan and Visiting Readers and Clergy The Area Deans The Clerical and Lay Vice-Presidents of Diocesan Synod The Dean of York The Diocesan Administrator of the Catholic Diocese of Nottingham The Catholic Bishop of Nottingham s Private Secretary Interfaith Representatives Ecumenical Representatives The Cathedral Wardens The College of Canons The Canons Theologian The Cathedral Administrator Members of Bishop s Senior Staff The Archdeacons of Leicester and Loughborough The Assistant Bishop of Leicester The Cathedral Clergy The Canon Missioner The Canon Chancellor The Canon Precentor The Sub-Dean The Registrar O God, whose nature and property is ever to have mercy and to forgive; receive our humble petitions; and though we be tied and bound with the chain of our sins, yet let the pitifulness of thy great mercy loose us; for the honour of Jesus Christ, our Mediator and Advocate. All remain seated as the Choir sings 18 7

8 The Choir processes to its seats through the North Door. All remain seated. Before the Service, the coffin containing the mortal remains of King Richard III arrives in Cathedral Gardens and the Dean formally receives the mandate for reinterment, as contained in the licence issued by the Ministry of Justice. The Dean then receives the remains from Dr Richard Buckley OBE, Director, University of Leicester Archaeological Services, accompanied by the Reverend Canon Dr Stephen Foster, Co-ordinating and Anglican Chaplain to the University of Leicester. The Right Reverend Christopher Boyle, Assistant Bishop of Leicester, escorts Dr Buckley, Canon Foster and HM Lord-Lieutenant of Leicestershire Jennifer, Lady Gretton to their seats. All remain seated. HRH The Duke of Gloucester KG GCVO, accompanied by The Duke of Rutland (York) and The Honourable Thomas Orde-Powlett MC (York) and The Earl of Derby (Lancaster) and The Earl De La Warr (Lancaster) take their positions behind the coffin. Shortly before the Service the organ music ceases. Please remain seated quietly. The coffin containing the mortal remains of King Richard III is shouldered and taken to the South Porch of the Cathedral. All sit as the Canon Precentor and the Choir sing The Prayers and Collects Lord, have mercy upon us. Christ, have mercy upon us. Lord, have mercy upon us. Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name; thy kingdom come; thy will be done; on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation; but deliver us from evil. Blessed art thou, Lord God of our fathers; to be praised and glorified above all for ever. Let us bless the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost; let us praise him and magnify him for ever. Blessed art thou, O Lord, in the firmament of heaven; to be praised and glorified above all for ever. The almighty and most merciful Lord guard us and give us his blessing. Wilt thou not turn again and quicken us; that thy people may rejoice in thee? O Lord, shew thy mercy upon us; and grant us thy salvation. Vouchsafe, O Lord, to keep us this night without sin; O Lord, have mercy upon us, have mercy upon us. O Lord, hear our prayer; and let our cry come unto thee. Let us pray. O Lord Jesus Christ, Son of the living God, who at this evening hour didst rest in the sepulchre, and didst thereby sanctify the grave to be a bed of hope to thy people: make us so to abound in sorrow for our sins, which were the cause of thy passion, 8 17

9 All remain seated as, in response to the Scripture Reading, the Choir sings The Responsory In manus tuas, Domine, commendo spiritum meum; redemisti nos, Domine, Deus veritatis. Into thy hands, O Lord, I commend my spirit; for thou hast redeemed us, O Lord, thou God of truth. Loyset Compère (c ) Psalm 31.6 from O bone Jesu All stand as the Choir sings The Gospel Canticle accompanied by a thematically-connected plainsong Antiphon. The Song of Simeon (Nunc dimittis) is the Gospel Canticle for the Service of Compline. Antiphon: Salva nos, Domine, vigilantes, custodi nos dormientes: ut vigilemus cum Christo, et requiescamus in pace. Preserve us, O Lord, while waking, and guard us while sleeping: that awake we may watch with Christ and asleep we may rest in peace. All stand at 6.00pm at the ringing of the Tower Bell. The Very Reverend David Monteith, Dean of Leicester, and the Right Reverend Tim Stevens, Bishop of Leicester, formally undertake The Reception of the Remains We receive the remains of our brother Richard with confidence in God, the giver of life, who raised the Lord Jesus from the dead. We brought nothing into this world, and we can carry nothing out. The Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken away; blessed be the name of the Lord. The coffin is led into the Cathedral by servers and clergy in the following order: The Thurifer The Crucifer The Master of Ceremonies The Acolytes 1 Timothy 6.7; Job 1.21b Nunc dimittis servum tuum, Domine, secundum verbum tuum in pace: Quia viderunt oculi mei salutare tuum; quod parasti ante faciem omnium populorum; Lumen ad revelationem gentium, et gloriam plebis tuae Israel. Antiphon: Salva nos, Domine, vigilantes, custodi nos dormientes: ut vigilemus cum Christo, et requiescamus in pace. Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace, according to thy word: For mine eyes have seen thy salvation; which thou hast prepared before the face of all people; To be a light to lighten the Gentiles, and to be the glory of thy people Israel. Preserve us, O Lord, while waking, and guard us while sleeping: that awake we may watch with Christ and asleep we may rest in peace. The Very Reverend David Monteith, Dean of Leicester His Eminence Cardinal Vincent Nichols, Archbishop of Westminster The Right Reverend Tim Stevens, Bishop of Leicester The coffin is followed by HRH The Duke of Gloucester KG GCVO and a group of descendants of Peers of the Realm who fought in the Wars of the Roses. All remain standing as the Choir sings The Introit Media vita William Byrd (c ) Luke from Gradualia Media vita in morte sumus: In the midst of life we are in death: quem quaerimus adjutorem of whom may we seek for succour nisi te Domine but of thee, O Lord, qui pro peccatis nostris juste irasceris? who for our sins art justly displeased? John Sheppard (c ) Anonymous 16 9

10 Symbols of our Unity with Christ All remain standing as the coffin is placed east of the font and the Bishop of Leicester asperges it with water from the font as a reminder of baptism. Grant, Lord, that we who are baptised into the death of thy Son our Saviour Jesus Christ may continually put to death our evil desires and be buried with him; and that through the grave and gate of death we may pass to our joyful resurrection; through his merits, who died and was buried and rose again for us, thy Son Jesus Christ our Lord. God our Father, by raising Christ thy Son thou didst destroy the power of death and open for us the way to eternal life. As we remember before thee our brother Richard, we ask thy help for all who shall gather in his memory. Grant us the assurance of thy presence and grace, by the Spirit thou hast given us, through Jesus Christ our Lord. All sit as a pall is placed over the coffin by HRH The Duke of Gloucester KG GCVO and four descendants of Peers of the Realm who fought in the Wars of the Roses. We are already God s children, but what we shall be has not yet been revealed. Yet we know that when Christ appears we shall be like him, for we shall see him as he is. A copy of the Vulgate Bible from the 15th century is placed on the coffin by the Reverend Canon Dr Stephen Foster, Co-ordinating and Anglican Chaplain to the University of Leicester. Lord Jesus Christ, thy living and enduring word bringeth us to new birth. Thy eternal promises to us and to Richard are proclaimed in the Bible. The processional cross is placed near the coffin. Lord Jesus Christ, for love of Richard and each one of us thou didst bear our sins on the cross. All: O Father, that we ask be done, through Jesus Christ, thine only Son; who, with the Holy Ghost and thee, doth live and reign eternally. Te lucis ante terminum (NEH241i) Latin, before 11th century Mode VIII tr. J. M. Neale ( ) All sit as the Choir sings Psalm 130 De Profundis is one of the penitential psalms, often sung at funerals or commemorations of the dead. Out of the deep have I called unto thee, O Lord : Lord, hear my voice. O let thine ears consider well : the voice of my complaint. If thou, Lord, wilt be extreme to mark what is done amiss : O Lord, who may abide it? For there is mercy with thee : therefore shalt thou be feared. I look for the Lord; my soul doth wait for him : in his word is my trust. My soul fleeth unto the Lord : before the morning watch, I say, before the morning watch. O Israel, trust in the Lord, for with the Lord there is mercy : and with him is plenteous redemption. And he shall redeem Israel : from all his sins. All stand for the Trinitarian Doxology: Glory be to the Father, and to the Son : and to the Holy Ghost; as it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be : world without end. Plainsong Tone I, Eighth Ending All sit as Jennifer, Lady Gretton, HM Lord-Lieutenant of Leicestershire, reads Revelation 22.3b-5 The Reading is taken from the Book of Revelation. The throne of God and of the Lamb shall be in the holy city; and his servants shall serve him: and they shall see his face; and his name shall be in their foreheads. And there shall be no night there; and they need no candle, neither light of the sun; for the Lord God giveth them light: and they shall reign for ever and ever. Thanks be to God

11 All remain seated as the Reverend Canon Dr Johannes Arens, Canon Precentor, and the Choir sing The Versicles and Responses O God, make speed to save us; O Lord, make haste to help us. All stand as the Service of Compline begins. Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost; as it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world without end. A crown is placed on the coffin by Emma Chamberlain, 1st Aylestone Brownies, accompanied by Emma Wigley, Richard III Project Administrator and Brownie Leader. Eternal Father, whose Son Jesus Christ ascended to the throne of heaven that he might rule over all things as Lord and King: keep thy people in the unity of the Spirit and in the bond of peace, and bring the whole created order to worship at his feet; who liveth and reigneth with thee, in the unity of the Holy Spirit, one God, now and for ever. Praise ye the Lord. The Lord s name be praised. Plainsong All remain standing to sing The Office Hymn for Compline Te lucis ante terminum Choir: Before the ending of the day, Creator of the world we pray, that with thy wonted favour thou wouldst be our guard and keeper now. A - men. Women and children s voices: From all ill dreams defend our eyes, from nightly fears and fantasies; tread underfoot our ghostly foe, that no pollution we may know

12 All stand to sing The Hymn during which His Eminence Cardinal Vincent Nichols, Archbishop of Westminster, censes the coffin. Preparation All sit as we prepare ourselves for the Night Prayer of the Church, the Service of Compline. + The Lord almighty grant us a quiet night and a perfect end. Glory to thee, my God, this night, for all the blessings of the light: keep me, O keep me, King of kings, beneath thine own almighty wings. Forgive me, Lord, for thy dear Son, the ill that I this day have done; that with the world, myself, and thee, I, ere I sleep, at peace may be. Teach me to live, that I may dread the grave as little as my bed; teach me to die, that so I may rise glorious at the awful day. O may my soul on thee repose, and with sweet sleep mine eyelids close; sleep that may me more vigorous make to serve my God when I awake. Praise God, from whom all blessings flow; praise him, all creatures here below; praise him above, angelic host: praise Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. Tallis s Canon (CP14) Thomas Ken ( ) Thomas Tallis (c ) adapted in Ravenscroft s Psalmes (1621) Be sober, be vigilant; because your adversary the devil, as a roaring lion, walketh about, seeking whom he may devour: whom resist, steadfast in the faith. But thou, O Lord, have mercy upon us. Thanks be to God. + Our help is in the name of the Lord who hath made heaven and earth. The Bishop of Leicester introduces a time of reflection. We confess to God almighty, the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost, that we have sinned in thought, word and deed, through our own grievous fault. Wherefore we pray God to have mercy upon us. Almighty God, have mercy upon us, forgive us all our sins and deliver us from all evil, confirm and strengthen us in all goodness, and bring us to life everlasting; through Jesus Christ our Lord. May the almighty and merciful Lord grant unto you pardon and remission of all your sins, time for amendment of life, and the grace and comfort of the Holy Ghost. 1 Peter 5.8,