Announcements. Quizzes and progress reports have been handed out. See me if you have not picked them up.

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1 Announcements Quizzes and progress reports have been handed out. See me if you have not picked them up. Review the quiz questions and progress report and me, see me after class, or come to office hours with questions.

2 Recap: Evaluating an Argument Argument: John is tall enough to ride the roller coaster. You are taller than John. Therefore, you are tall enough to ride the roller coaster. The argument may be valid, but does the argument appear sound? It all depends on whether we believe the initial claims (premises) are true. This week: Assessing Credibility of a Claim Not just for analysing arguments

3 Recap: Assessing Credibility of Claims Two Main Factors 1. How believable is the claim? 2. How credible is the source?

4 Recap: How Believable is a Claim? Two Primary Factors Does it agree with your 1. Personal Observations 2. Background Knowledge (Belief System / World View ) How believable or is the claim? -The extent to which a claim fits with our background information will determine its initial plausibility.

5 Recap: How Believable is a Claim? What s so important about initial plausibility? So we can quickly determine if 1. The claim is worth looking into. 2. It should be disregarded (for now) so we don t waste our time. or 19

6 Initial Plausibility Exercise Groups: On one piece of paper, create two columns. You will be shown 10 different headlines. In your groups, discuss the headlines and determine whether you think a headline belongs in one of the following two columns: 1) Plausible and worth looking into further (Real News: from legitimate news source?). 2) Unbelievable (Fake News: from sensational, tabloid source?) 20

7 Plausibility Exercise 1. Dick Cheney is a Robot! 2. World s Smartest Ape Goes to College 3. Vatican Praises Homer Simpson 4. Alien Backs Clinton 5. Mexico Rolls Up World s Largest Enchilada 6. Barack Obama related to Palin, Limbaugh, and George W. Bush 7. Killer Swan Blamed For Man s Drowning 8. Abraham Lincoln was a Woman 9. Alien Bible Found 10. Batman Escapes in Maryland

8 Plausible or Unbelievable? Dick Cheney is a Robot!

9 Plausible or Unbelievable? World s Smartest Ape Goes to College

10 Plausible or Unbelievable? Vatican Praises Homer Simpson News story from Reuters The Simpsons has been blessed by the Vatican. The official Vatican newspaper has declared that beer-swilling, doughnut-loving Homer Simpson and his son Bart are Catholics.

11 Plausible or Unbelievable? Alien Backs Clinton

12 Plausible or Unbelievable? Mexico Rolls Up World s Largest Enchilada Headline from the Associated Press Residents of Iztapalapa cooked up a 230- foot-long (70-meter-long), almost 1 1/2- ton enchilada Sunday. Guinness record official Ralph Hannah announced that it was the world's biggest.

13 Plausible or Unbelievable? Barack Obama related to Sarah Palin, Rush Limbaugh, and George W. Bush LA Times Headline According to the Associated Press, Anastasia Tyler, a genealogist at Ancestry.com, says the president and the hockey mom are 10th cousins by way of common ancestor Pastor John Smith, who settled in Massachusetts in the 17th century.

14 Plausible or Unbelievable? Killer Swan Blamed for Man s Drowning ABCnews.go.com An angry swan is being blamed for knocking a man out of his kayak in a Chicago pond and then continuing to attack until the man drowned.

15 Plausible or Unbelievable? Abraham Lincoln was a Woman

16 Plausible or Unbelievable? Alien Bible Found

17 Plausible or Unbelievable? Batman Escapes in Maryland Detroit News Motorist dressed as Batman escapes ticket in Maryland.

18 Plausible or Unbelievable? Aside from the claim itself, what other info would have been useful? How credible is the source?

19 Plausible or Unbelievable? So how do we determine the credibility of a source? Example: Why is ABCNews more credible than the Weekly World News?

20 NSYNC CRIME ARGUMENT Premises: The criminal wears size 7 shoes. Only members of the boy band NSYNC could have committed this crime. Justin Timberlake is the only member with size 7 shoes. Conclusion: Therefore, JT must have committed the crime! What would make you more likely to believe or less likely to believe the premises above?

21 Credibility of a Source How would you assess the credibility of the sources mentioned below? Premise #1: The criminal wears size 7 shoes Source: Eye witness account from 98 year old blind shoe salesman at the scene of the crime. Premise #2: Only members of the boy band NSYNC could have committed this crime. Source: Private Investigator who was self-trained online, but owns a popular blog. Premise #3: Justin Timberlake is the only member with size 7 shoes. Source: Fellow NSYNC member Lance Bass. Source: Justin Timberlake?

22 4 Keys: Credibility of a Source Intentionally Deceptive 1. Truthfulness of the source Does the source have an agenda? Can the source benefit by being misleading? Truthful Sources 2. Objectivity of the source Is the source inherently biased? 3. Reliability of the source s knowledge Can the source be mistaken? 4. Expertise of the source

23 Credibility of a Source Expertise How do you determine expertise?

24 Credibility of a Source Expertise How do you determine expertise? A few good indicators. Education Experience Reputation Position Achievements Caution: Being an expert in one field doesn t make someone an expert in another.

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