SCAMMED! Assignment: Identify main claim (conclusion) in three different scams and outline argument.
|
|
- William Brown
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 SCAMMED! Assignment: Identify main claim (conclusion) in three different scams and outline argument. To identify conclusion, should ask yourself, what is the main issue the victim is facing. Almost all conclusions are: should I believe that.
2 SCAMMED! Problems Claims are not questions! Claims are not actions ( what happened ). Claims are statements. A conclusion isn t an action ( what happened ). A conclusion is a claim that somebody wants us to believe. It is the answer to the issue. A premise isn t an action ( what happened ), A premise is a claim that supports the conclusion. We had problems identifying arguments: Must say what the conclusion is and what the premise(s) is that support the conclusion. Should explicitly say, this is the conclusion and this was the premises Had problems with inductive vs. deductive.
3 Review: Arguments Inductive Deductive Premise Supports Conclusion Proves Conclusion You are much older than Jane. Therefore you are wiser than she is. You are much older than Jane. Therefore you were born before she was.
4 REVIEW: ASSESSING A CLAIM
5 How Foolish Was She? The Nigerian 419 Scam 1 What is the main argument the scammers were making? 2 How would you assess the initial plausibility of the claim. 3 What did the Scammers do to increase their credibility? 71
6 Ch 4. HW Review Exercise 4-11 #1-5 Exercise 4-12 #1-5
7 SCAMMED! How did the scammers convince their victims? 1. Used credibility. 2. Used arguments. 3. Used rhetoric.
8 The Art of Persuasion 2010 NY Governor Candidate Jimmy McMillan Do you remember his political party? The Rent is 2 Damn High Party
9 The Art of Persuasion Beyond premises and conclusions What does the speaker want to persuade you to do? Does he present an argument? In 2010 NY Governor elections received over 41,000 votes!
10 Persuasion Through Rhetoric Use of the psychological (rhetorical) force of expressions to influence our attitudes. (This is in contrast to?) 76
11 Persuasion Through Rhetoric Rhetoric tries to persuade through how something is said rather than what is said. 77
12 Persuasion Through Rhetoric Write down the following passage. Then circle any words that were chosen specifically to trigger an emotional response. It s sick to torture an innocent creature, yet that s exactly what these so-called scientists do when they perform hideous experiments on little puppies. Moral sadists! They make me vomit! They re no better than Hitler. 78
13 Persuasion Through Rhetoric If you remove this rheotircal language, what is the argument? It s sick to torture an innocent creature, yet that s exactly what these so-called scientists do when they perform hideous experiments on little puppies. Moral sadists! They make me vomit! They re no better than Hitler. 79
14 Persuasion Through Rhetoric If you remove this rheotircal language, what is the argument? Scientists who use dogs in experiments bring pain to innocent creatures. Therefore, they act immorally.. 80
15 Persuasion Through Rhetoric It s sick to torture an innocent creature, yet that s exactly what these socalled scientists do when they perform hideous experiments on little puppies. Moral sadists! They make me vomit! They re no better than Hitler. Scientists who use dogs in experiments bring pain to innocent creatures, and thus act immorally. The original phrasing seems more powerful. 81
16 Persuasion Through Rhetoric Rhetorical language colors a statement to make it psychologically more compelling. Which of these words did you circle? It s sick to torture an innocent creature, yet that s exactly what these so-called scientists do when they perform hideous experiments on little puppies. Moral sadists! They make me vomit! They re no better than Hitler. 82
17 Persuasion Through Rhetoric Rhetorical language colors a statement to make it psychologically more compelling. Which of these words did you circle? It s sick totorture an innocent creature, yet that sexactly what these so-called scientists do when they perform hideous experiments on little puppies. Moral sadists! They make me vomit! They re no better than Hitler. 83
18 Emotional Trigger Words: Sick, Torture, hideous, little puppies, Hitler, vomit etc. The passage tries not merely to supporta conclusion, but to SELL it. Persuasion Through Rhetoric It tries to PERSUADEus! 84
19 EXAMPLE: So-called scientist What does this do? Suggests he/she is something less than a true scientist. It DOWNPLAYS his/her credentials. 85
20 EXAMPLE: little puppies What does this do? Arouses a powerful compassionate response. Triggers a mental picture like this: 86
21 87
22 Rhetoric vs. Argument Rhetoric is the art of persuasion. An argument seeks to establish a conclusion. So is rhetoric bad? Where is it used? 88
23 Rhetoric vs. Argument 89
24 Rhetoric vs. Argument Important to good writing, good speaking, and any other form of... motivation. 90
25 Rhetoric vs. Argument How less impactful would the messages of the videos have been without the rhetoric? Need to have the skill to make wise decisions by seeing through rhetoric. Sometimes need to follow the heart, but need the skill to see the evidence and the argument. 91
26 Rhetoric vs. Argument 92
27 HW Review History Channel Scammed The main point is that people can be scammed, regardless of intelligence and experience. Wishful thinking is a very powerful thing. We often use logic AND emotion to make a decision, so be careful. And our sense of reason is affected by our psychology (by our emotions).
28 This Week Goals: 1. Distinguish between rhetoric and argument. 2. Be able to identify common forms of rhetoric. 94
29 Common Forms of Rhetoric Euphemism/ dysphemism Rhetorical analogy, rhetorical definition, and rhetorical explanation Innuendo Loaded question Hyperbole Stereotype Ridicule/ sarcasm Weaseler Downplayer Proof surrogate 95
30 Common Rhetorical Devices
31 Rhetorical Devices Midterm will be on Monday. It will cover all material discussed in class from day 1 through the end of the week.
32 Rhetorical Devices Euphemism Language to make something sound better Civilian Casualties Pornography Prison Extermination of a race Sexual intercourse with multiple partners Collateral Damage Adult Entertainment Correctional Facility Ethnic Cleansing Sleeping Around
33 Rhetorical Devices Dysphemism Language to make something sound worse. Potato Chips Older person junk food geezer
34 Rhetorical Devices Where s the Dysphemism? Rush Limbaugh said: The basic right to life of an animal - which is the source of energy for many animal rights wackos -must be inferred from the anticruelty laws humans have written.
35 Rhetorical Devices What s happening here:
36 Rhetorical Devices Hyperbole Overstatement, hype, exaggeration Bob is so generous. He d give you the shirt off his back. I d give my left arm for the Raiders to win another Super Bowl. Other examples?
37 Rhetorical Devices What device is used here: I can t believe she s marrying him! You know how unreliable those hippies are.
38 Rhetorical Devices Stereotype To associate something with a popular, sometimes negatively held image of a group (stereotype). Of course she acted that way. She s a blond. Dysphemism vs. Stereotype Dysphemismis an inherently negative term that can apply to things, events, or people Stereotypeis based on context and mostly refers to people.
39 Rhetorical Devices Stereotype Issues: Reduces people or things to categories Makes it easy for some to come to snap judgments without thinking.
40 Rhetorical Devices What device is used here: I can t believe my so-called doctor prescribed me medication for my high blood pressure. I m just under a lot of stress at work
41 Rhetorical Devices Downplayer To make someone or something look less important or significant. Use words like merely and socalled, etc There s no such thing as global warming. These self-appointed experts on the environment are trying to scare us.
42 Rhetorical Devices What device is used here: You should get your family ready for when the aliens finally attack us. Everybody knows that Martians landed in Area 51.
43 Rhetorical Devices Proof Surrogate Expression used to suggest evidence for a claim without citing the evidence. Clearly she shouldn t have done that. Diet soda is unhealthy. Just check the latest data.
44 Rhetorical Devices What device is used here:
45 Rhetorical Devices Innuendo Suggestive language that implies something without being explicit. Far be it from me to call my opponents liars I didn t say Bush invaded Iraq to help his buddies in the oil industry. I just said his buddies have done very well since the invasion.
46 Rhetorical Devices What device is used here: What did you use to get rid of that stain in your underwear?
47 Rhetorical Devices Loaded Question Suggestive question that rests on an assumption that hasn tbeen established. When did you stop cheating on your boyfriend? Hey. Have you stopped beating your wife yet?
48 Rhetorical Devices What device is used here: Class: Is it true that Earth is the third planet from the sun? Teacher who has no clue: As far as I know.
49 Rhetorical Devices Weaselers Language that shows uncertainty to shield oneself from criticism. How are these weaselers? This may cure your problem. Yes. I agree with you in a way. You may just be the smartest class I have ever had. Example words: perhaps, possibly, tend to, as far as I know, etc
50 Rhetorical Devices Student: What device is used here: So I guess a 45% on the exam means I should study harder. Fellow classmate: No. Getting less than half of the questions correct is great. You re a real genius.
51 Rhetorical Devices Sarcasm Using complimentary language for the purpose of insulting or ridiculing something/someone. Avoid arguing a position by making fun of it with ironic statements. John McCain made a great speech last night. Everyone awakened feeling refreshed.
52 Rhetorical Devices Language Used to Convey an Attitude Rhetorical Definition An environmentalist is a tree-hugging extremist. Rhetorical Explanation The reason environmentalists won t let you cut down a tree is that they want to put everyone out of work. Rhetorical Analogy/Comparison Your average environmentalist is about as smart as a toilet seat.
A R G U M E N T S I N A C T I O N
ARGUMENTS IN ACTION Descriptions: creates a textual/verbal account of what something is, was, or could be (shape, size, colour, etc.) Used to give you or your audience a mental picture of the world around
More informationCourse Learning Outcomes for Unit V
UNIT V STUDY GUIDE Designing and Evaluating Your Own Learning Reading Assignment Chapter 8: Discover How the Best Thinkers Learn Chapter 9: Redefine Grades As Levels of Thinking and Learning Suggested
More informationArgumentation. 2. What should we consider when making (or testing) an argument?
. What is the purpose of argumentation? Argumentation 2. What should we consider when making (or testing) an argument? According to Toulmin (964), the checking list can be outlined as follows: () The Claim
More informationCHAPTER 13: UNDERSTANDING PERSUASIVE. What is persuasion: process of influencing people s belief, attitude, values or behavior.
Logos Ethos Pathos Chapter 13 CHAPTER 13: UNDERSTANDING PERSUASIVE What is persuasion: process of influencing people s belief, attitude, values or behavior. Persuasive speaking: process of doing so in
More informationVideo: How does understanding whether or not an argument is inductive or deductive help me?
Page 1 of 10 10b Learn how to evaluate verbal and visual arguments. Video: How does understanding whether or not an argument is inductive or deductive help me? Download transcript Three common ways to
More informationHANDBOOK (New or substantially modified material appears in boxes.)
1 HANDBOOK (New or substantially modified material appears in boxes.) I. ARGUMENT RECOGNITION Important Concepts An argument is a unit of reasoning that attempts to prove that a certain idea is true by
More informationArrangement (Organizing) February 12, Ross Arnold, Winter 2015 Lakeside institute of Theology
Arrangement (Organizing) February 12, 2015 Ross Arnold, Winter 2015 Lakeside institute of Theology Communications & Homiletics (CL2) Jan. 29 Introduction to Rhetoric Feb. 5 Invention (finding the meaning)
More informationpersuasion: character
persuasion: character In the rhetorical tradition, there are three modes of persuasion: appeals to ethos (character), appeals to pathos (emotion), and appeals to logos (reason). This handout will help
More informationARGUMENT AS INQUIRY: QUESTIONING A TEXT
ARGUMENT AS INQUIRY: QUESTIONING A TEXT Adapted from Reading Rhetorically (A Reader for Writers), 2nd edition by Virginia A. Chappell and Alice M. Gillam and Writing Arguments: A Rhetoric with Readings,
More informationArgument. What is it? How do I make a good one?
Argument What is it? How do I make a good one? Argument Vs Persuasion Everything s an argument, really. Argument: appeals strictly by reason and logic Persuasion: logic and emotion The forum of your argument
More informationPHILOSOPHY ESSAY ADVICE
PHILOSOPHY ESSAY ADVICE One: What ought to be the primary objective of your essay? The primary objective of your essay is not simply to present information or arguments, but to put forward a cogent argument
More informationPortfolio Project. Phil 251A Logic Fall Due: Friday, December 7
Portfolio Project Phil 251A Logic Fall 2012 Due: Friday, December 7 1 Overview The portfolio is a semester-long project that should display your logical prowess applied to real-world arguments. The arguments
More informationSami Moukaddem on Living with Depression and Suicidal Feelings (Full Transcript)
Sami Moukaddem on Living with Depression and Suicidal Feelings (Full Transcript) Here is the full transcript of Living with Depression and Suicidal Feelings by Sami Moukaddem at TEDxLAU Full speaker bio:
More informationArgument and Persuasion. Stating Opinions and Proposals
Argument and Persuasion Stating Opinions and Proposals The Method It all starts with an opinion - something that people can agree or disagree with. The Method Move to action Speak your mind Convince someone
More informationRhetoric and Argument. Techniques of and definitions associated with persuasive speaking and writing.
Rhetoric and Argument Techniques of and definitions associated with persuasive speaking and writing. Why do we argue? Human beings are engaged in explaining and defending their own actions and beliefs
More informationINDUCTIVE VS. DEDUCTIVE WRITING ADAPTED PARTIALLY FROM DR. TAMARA FUDGE, KAPLAN UNIVERSITY
INDUCTIVE VS. DEDUCTIVE WRITING ADAPTED PARTIALLY FROM DR. TAMARA FUDGE, KAPLAN UNIVERSITY HOW DO I TELL IF AN AUTHOR IS ARGUING DEDUCTIVELY OR INDUCTIVELY? In both case, a question or problem must be
More information2014 Examination Report 2014 Extended Investigation GA 2: Critical Thinking Test GENERAL COMMENTS
2014 Extended Investigation GA 2: Critical Thinking Test GENERAL COMMENTS The Extended Investigation Critical Thinking Test assesses the ability of students to produce arguments, and to analyse and assess
More informationHANDBOOK (New or substantially modified material appears in boxes.)
1 HANDBOOK (New or substantially modified material appears in boxes.) I. ARGUMENT RECOGNITION Important Concepts An argument is a unit of reasoning that attempts to prove that a certain idea is true by
More informationAn Introduction to Parliamentary Debate
What is Parliamentary Debate? At the most basic level, Parli is a form of debate in which you and a partner from your own team debate 2 people from another team. You are debating to support or oppose a
More informationARGUMENTS. Arguments. arguments
ARGUMENTS Arguments arguments 1 Argument Worksheet 1. An argument is a collection of propositions with one proposition, the conclusion, following from the other propositions, the premises. Inference is
More information2/21/2014. FOUR WAYS OF KNOWING (Justifiable True Belief) 1. Sensory input; 2. Authoritative knowledge; 3. Logic and reason; 4. Faith and intuition
FOUR WAYS OF KNOWING (Justifiable True Belief) 1. Sensory input; 2. Authoritative knowledge; 3. Logic and reason; 4. Faith and intuition Argumentative Fallacies The Logic of Writing and Debate from http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/fallacies.html
More informationLogical Appeal (Logos)
Logical Appeal (Logos) Relies on sound reasoning, facts, statistics Uses evidence well Analyzes cause-effect relationships Uses patterns of inductive and deductive reasoning Pitfall: failure to clearly
More informationCOACHING THE BASICS: WHAT IS AN ARGUMENT?
COACHING THE BASICS: WHAT IS AN ARGUMENT? Some people think that engaging in argument means being mad at someone. That s one use of the word argument. In debate we use a far different meaning of the term.
More informationCritical Thinking. The Four Big Steps. First example. I. Recognizing Arguments. The Nature of Basics
Critical Thinking The Very Basics (at least as I see them) Dona Warren Department of Philosophy The University of Wisconsin Stevens Point What You ll Learn Here I. How to recognize arguments II. How to
More informationCritical Thinking 5.7 Validity in inductive, conductive, and abductive arguments
5.7 Validity in inductive, conductive, and abductive arguments REMEMBER as explained in an earlier section formal language is used for expressing relations in abstract form, based on clear and unambiguous
More informationA Brief Introduction to Key Terms
1 A Brief Introduction to Key Terms 5 A Brief Introduction to Key Terms 1.1 Arguments Arguments crop up in conversations, political debates, lectures, editorials, comic strips, novels, television programs,
More informationLOGICAL FALLACIES/ERRORS OF ARGUMENT
LOGICAL FALLACIES/ERRORS OF ARGUMENT Deduction Fallacies Term Definition Example(s) 1 Equivocation Ambiguity 2 types: The word or phrase may be ambiguous, in which case it has more than one distinct meaning
More informationI. Claim: a concise summary, stated or implied, of an argument s main idea, or point. Many arguments will present multiple claims.
Basics of Argument and Rhetoric Although arguing, speaking our minds, and getting our points across are common activities for most of us, applying specific terminology to these activities may not seem
More informationLogic Practice Test 1
Logic Practice Test 1 Name True or False 1. Implying is said to be analogous to hearing. 2. Opinions can be mistaken, but knowledge cannot. 3. According to the book, whatever a person thinks is true is
More informationA Note on Straight-Thinking
A Note on Straight-Thinking A supplementary note for the 2nd Annual JTS/CGST Public Ethics Lecture March 5, 2002(b), adj. 2009:03:05 G.E.M. of TKI Arguments & Appeals In arguments, people try to persuade
More informationPersuasion. Most writing falls into one of two categories: Information Persuasion
1 Most writing falls into one of two categories: Information Persuasion 2 When you inform, your purpose is to convey information: Map directions Trip reports Company policies etc. 3 When you persuade,
More informationArgument vs Persuasion vs Propaganda. So many terms...what do they all mean??
Argument vs Persuasion vs Propaganda So many terms...what do they all mean?? Learning Targets Argumentative Reading Unit LT 1: I can cite the textual evidence that most strongly supports what the text
More informationHANDBOOK. IV. Argument Construction Determine the Ultimate Conclusion Construct the Chain of Reasoning Communicate the Argument 13
1 HANDBOOK TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Argument Recognition 2 II. Argument Analysis 3 1. Identify Important Ideas 3 2. Identify Argumentative Role of These Ideas 4 3. Identify Inferences 5 4. Reconstruct the
More informationFigures removed due to copyright restrictions.
Lincoln/Douglas Debate Figures removed due to copyright restrictions. Debating is like Fencing Thrust Making assertions backed by evidence Parry R f Refuting opponents assertions Burden of Proof In a formal
More informationThe Argumentative Essay
The Argumentative Essay but what is the difference between an argument and a quarrel? Academic argumentation is based on logical, structured evidence that attempts the reader to accept an opinion, take
More informationHow persuasive is this argument? 1 (not at all). 7 (very)
How persuasive is this argument? 1 (not at all). 7 (very) NIU should require all students to pass a comprehensive exam in order to graduate because such exams have been shown to be effective for improving
More information2. Refutations can be stronger or weaker.
Lecture 8: Refutation Philosophy 130 October 25 & 27, 2016 O Rourke I. Administrative A. Schedule see syllabus as well! B. Questions? II. Refutation A. Arguments are typically used to establish conclusions.
More information2/4/2012. AP English III; Compiled by J. A. Stanford, Jr.; modified by Erin Graham. All images: Microsoft ClipArt, unless otherwise cited.
AP English III; Compiled by J. A. Stanford, Jr.; modified by Erin Graham All images: Microsoft ClipArt, unless otherwise cited. Analogy- comparison between 2 things to show how they are alike Antithesis-
More informationHow to be persuasive. The art of getting what you want!
How to be persuasive The art of getting what you want! Yes! No! Maybe? Learning Intention: To know the features of a persuasive text. Persuasive techniques When you set out to persuade someone, you want
More informationReview: Rhetoric. Pseudoreasoning lead us to fallacies. Fallacies: Mistakes in reasoning.
Review: Rhetoric Pseudoreasoning lead us to fallacies. Fallacies: Mistakes in reasoning. Fooling Yourself #8 - Rationalizing #9 - Wishful Thinking My wife is going to love this battery charger I bought
More informationStatements, Arguments, Validity. Philosophy and Logic Unit 1, Sections 1.1, 1.2
Statements, Arguments, Validity Philosophy and Logic Unit 1, Sections 1.1, 1.2 Mayor Willy Brown on proposition 209: There is still rank discrimination in this country. If there is rank discrimination,
More informationHumanizing the Future
Cedarville University DigitalCommons@Cedarville Student Publications 2014 Humanizing the Future Jessica Evanoff Cedarville University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/student_publications
More informationThe SAT Essay: An Argument-Centered Strategy
The SAT Essay: An Argument-Centered Strategy Overview Taking an argument-centered approach to preparing for and to writing the SAT Essay may seem like a no-brainer. After all, the prompt, which is always
More informationArgumentation Module: Philosophy Lesson 7 What do we mean by argument? (Two meanings for the word.) A quarrel or a dispute, expressing a difference
1 2 3 4 5 6 Argumentation Module: Philosophy Lesson 7 What do we mean by argument? (Two meanings for the word.) A quarrel or a dispute, expressing a difference of opinion. Often heated. A statement of
More informationC. Exam #1 comments on difficult spots; if you have questions about this, please let me know. D. Discussion of extra credit opportunities
Lecture 8: Refutation Philosophy 130 March 19 & 24, 2015 O Rourke I. Administrative A. Roll B. Schedule C. Exam #1 comments on difficult spots; if you have questions about this, please let me know D. Discussion
More informationControlling Idea: Claims
Controlling Idea: Claims The controlling idea (thesis) of an essay is the one main idea which the writer wishes the reader to remember. A controlling idea may be expository (informative, explanatory, or
More informationPHI 244. Environmental Ethics. Introduction. Argument Worksheet. Argument Worksheet. Welcome to PHI 244, Environmental Ethics. About Stephen.
Introduction PHI 244 Welcome to PHI 244, About Stephen Texts Course Requirements Syllabus Points of Interest Website http://seschmid.org, http://seschmid.org/teaching Email Policy 1 2 Argument Worksheet
More informationCRITICAL THINKING. Formal v Informal Fallacies
CRITICAL THINKING FAULTY REASONING (VAUGHN CH. 5) LECTURE PROFESSOR JULIE YOO Formal v Informal Fallacies Irrelevant Premises Genetic Fallacy Composition Division Appeal to the Person (ad hominem/tu quoque)
More informationWhy Good Science Is Not Value-Free
Why Good Science Is Not Value-Free Karim Bschir, Dep. of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zurich FPF 2017 Workshop, Zurich Scientific Challenges in the Risk Assessment of Food Contact Materials
More informationWhat is an argument? PHIL 110. Is this an argument? Is this an argument? What about this? And what about this?
What is an argument? PHIL 110 Lecture on Chapter 3 of How to think about weird things An argument is a collection of two or more claims, one of which is the conclusion and the rest of which are the premises.
More informationWhat is a logical argument? What is deductive reasoning? Fundamentals of Academic Writing
What is a logical argument? What is deductive reasoning? Fundamentals of Academic Writing Logical relations Deductive logic Claims to provide conclusive support for the truth of a conclusion Inductive
More informationPHI 1500: Major Issues in Philosophy
PHI 1500: Major Issues in Philosophy Session 3 September 9 th, 2015 All About Arguments (Part II) 1 A common theme linking many fallacies is that they make unwarranted assumptions. An assumption is a claim
More informationPAGE(S) WHERE TAUGHT (If submission is not text, cite appropriate resource(s))
Prentice Hall Literature Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes Copper Level 2005 District of Columbia Public Schools, English Language Arts Standards (Grade 6) STRAND 1: LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT Grades 6-12: Students
More informationPractice Test Three Spring True or False True = A, False = B
Practice Test Three Spring 2015 True or False True = A, False = B 1. A sound argument is a valid deductive argument with true premisses. 2. A conclusion is a statement of support. 3. An easy way to determine
More informationLevel 2 Award Thinking and Reasoning Skills. Mark Scheme for January Unit B902: Thinking and Reasoning Skills Case Study.
Level 2 Award Thinking and Reasoning Skills Unit B902: Thinking and Reasoning Skills Case Study OCR Level 2 Award Mark Scheme for January 2017 Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations OCR (Oxford Cambridge
More informationHARE S PRESCRIPTIVISM
Michael Lacewing Prescriptivism Theories of what morality is fall into two broad families cognitivism and noncognitivism. The distinction is now understood by philosophers to depend on whether one thinks
More informationArgumentative Writing
Argumentative Writing Anca T-Hummel NBCT-AYA/ELA taus-hummel@phoenixunion.org Joanna Nichols I.L. English jnichols@phoenixunion.org ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY The argumentative essay is a genre of writing that
More informationLOGIC LECTURE #3: DEDUCTION AND INDUCTION. Source: A Concise Introduction to Logic, 11 th Ed. (Patrick Hurley, 2012)
LOGIC LECTURE #3: DEDUCTION AND INDUCTION Source: A Concise Introduction to Logic, 11 th Ed. (Patrick Hurley, 2012) Deductive Vs. Inductive If the conclusion is claimed to follow with strict certainty
More informationReading and Evaluating Arguments
Reading and Evaluating Arguments Learning Objectives: To recognize the elements of an argument To recognize types of arguments To evaluate arguments To recognize errors in logical reasoning An argument
More informationArgument Writing. Whooohoo!! Argument instruction is necessary * Argument comprehension is required in school assignments, standardized testing, job
Argument Writing Whooohoo!! Argument instruction is necessary * Argument comprehension is required in school assignments, standardized testing, job promotion as well as political and personal decision-making
More informationI think, therefore I am. - Rene Descartes
CRITICAL THINKING Sitting on top of your shoulders is one of the finest computers on the earth. But, like any other muscle in your body, it needs to be exercised to work its best. That exercise is called
More informationChapter 1 Why Study Logic? Answers and Comments
Chapter 1 Why Study Logic? Answers and Comments WARNING! YOU SHOULD NOT LOOK AT THE ANSWERS UNTIL YOU HAVE SUPPLIED YOUR OWN ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES FIRST. Answers: I. True and False 1. False. 2. True.
More informationOverview: Application: What to Avoid:
UNIT 3: BUILDING A BASIC ARGUMENT While "argument" has a number of different meanings, college-level arguments typically involve a few fundamental pieces that work together to construct an intelligent,
More informationModule 9- Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
Inductive and Deductive Reasoning Inquire: Types of Argumentative Reasoning Overview Sometimes, when we write an essay, we re setting out to write a really compelling and convincing argument. As we begin
More informationInstructor s Manual 1
Instructor s Manual 1 PREFACE This instructor s manual will help instructors prepare to teach logic using the 14th edition of Irving M. Copi, Carl Cohen, and Kenneth McMahon s Introduction to Logic. The
More informationDrafting an Argument. Main Page. Rogerian Method. Page 1 of 11
Writing@CSU Writing Guide Drafting an Argument This Writing Guide was downloaded from the Writing@CSU Web Site at Colorado State University on October 13, 2018 at 3:08 AM. You can view the guide at https://writing.colostate.edu/guides/guide.cfm?guideid=56.
More informationBasic Concepts and Skills!
Basic Concepts and Skills! Critical Thinking tests rationales,! i.e., reasons connected to conclusions by justifying or explaining principles! Why do CT?! Answer: Opinions without logical or evidential
More informationWatson Glaser test. Study Guide
Hiring-Process.com Watson Glaser PDF test contains simulated questions of the Watson Glaser exam. The guide will help you to get a better idea of the questions, Answers and explanations which are included
More informationAPPROACHING PERSUASIVE WRITING
APPROACHING PERSUASIVE WRITING What s the purpose of persuasive writing? To make the writer s opinions agreeable, convincing to an audience To convince readers who disagree to change their minds, or their
More informationFollow Will of the People. Your leftist h. b. ave often d1sgusted b h
Philosophy 101 (3/24/11) I ve posted solutions to HW #3 (study these!) HW #4 is due today Quiz #4 is next Thursday This will be re-do of the last quiz (on chs. 3&4) I ll give you the higher of your two
More informationPersuasive Language introduction to ethos, pathos & logos
Persuasive Language introduction to ethos, pathos & logos ARISTOTLE was a Greek philosopher who lived in the th century BCE. He was an influential thinker and wrote on many subjects from logic and ethics,
More informationAPLC/Spring 2015/Syllogism and Enthymeme Practice 2. Hi guys! Sorry to be absent today. I will be back tomorrow.
Hi guys! Sorry to be absent today. I will be back tomorrow. Today s retake of Monday s Short Cycle Assessment will occur tomorrow. Today, find a partner and use the period to complete this activity. You
More informationIntro: The Toulmin Model for Arguments
Intro: The Toulmin Model for Arguments The Toulmin Argument The twentieth-century British philosopher Stephen Toulmin noticed that good, realistic arguments typically will consist of six parts: Claim:
More informationCritical Thinking - Section 1
Critical Thinking - Section 1 BMAT Course Book Critical Reasoning Tips Mock Questions Step-by-Step Guides Detailed Explanations Page 57 Table of Contents Lesson Page Lesson 1: Introduction to BMAT Section
More informationMy Story: The Emmaus Road Luke 24:13-36 January 15, 2017 Rev. David Williams Scripture: Luke 24:13-36 Sermon: Introduction Have you ever had an aha
My Story: The Emmaus Road Luke 24:13-36 January 15, 2017 Rev. David Williams Scripture: Luke 24:13-36 Sermon: Introduction Have you ever had an aha moment? Have you ever had one of those moments when all
More informationFallacies. Definition: The premises of an argument do support a particular conclusion but not the conclusion that the arguer actually draws.
Fallacies 1. Hasty generalization Definition: Making assumptions about a whole group or range of cases based on a sample that is inadequate (usually because it is atypical or too small). Stereotypes about
More informationHow To Recognize and Avoid Them. Joseph M Conlon Technical Advisor, AMCA
How To Recognize and Avoid Them Joseph M Conlon Technical Advisor, AMCA Fallacies are logical errors that weaken arguments Commonplace Can be persuasive to the uninformed Can be driven by agendas or strong
More informationLogic Book Part 1! by Skylar Ruloff!
Logic Book Part 1 by Skylar Ruloff Contents Introduction 3 I Validity and Soundness 4 II Argument Forms 10 III Counterexamples and Categorical Statements 15 IV Strength and Cogency 21 2 Introduction This
More informationPractice Test Three Fall True or False True = A, False = B
Practice Test Three Fall 2015 True or False True = A, False = B 1. The inclusive "or" means "A or B or both A and B." 2. The conclusion contains both the major term and the middle term. 3. "If, then" statements
More informationProofs of Non-existence
The Problem of Evil Proofs of Non-existence Proofs of non-existence are strange; strange enough in fact that some have claimed that they cannot be done. One problem is with even stating non-existence claims:
More informationPart I. Opening Doors Textbook & Online Homework
Name LAST ASSIGNMENT PACKET (9 TH & 10 TH COMBINED) p. 1 Completing Ch. 9 in Opening Doors, Ch. 9 in Vocabulary Connections, and Part-Time Indian Due dates will be announced in class, but the entire packet
More information2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1
Chapter 1 What Is Philosophy? Thinking Philosophically About Life CHAPTER SUMMARY Philosophy is a way of thinking that allows one to think more deeply about one s beliefs and about meaning in life. It
More informationAppendix: The Logic Behind the Inferential Test
Appendix: The Logic Behind the Inferential Test In the Introduction, I stated that the basic underlying problem with forensic doctors is so easy to understand that even a twelve-year-old could understand
More informationWe present this in lecture format to retain Paul s original wording as closely as possible.
Parenting - God s Greatest Gift A Lecture By Paul Solomon We present this in lecture format to retain Paul s original wording as closely as possible. The Lecture: There are a lot of very, very important
More informationReconstructing Arguments 1. Reconstructing Arguments 3. Reconstructing Arguments 2. HW #4 is due on Thursday Longer than usual (and on ch.
Philosophy 101 (3/22/11) I ve posted solutions to HW #3 (study these!). HW #4 is due on Thursday Longer than usual (and on ch. 4) Quiz #4 is next Thursday This will be re-do of the last quiz (on chs. 3&4)
More informationThe Roman empire ended, the Mongol empire ended, the Persian empire ended, the British empire ended, all empires end, and none lasts forever.
BASIC ARGUMENTATION Alfred Snider, University of Vermont World Schools Debate Academy, Slovenia, 2015 Induction, deduction, causation, fallacies INDUCTION Definition: studying a sufficient number of analogous
More informationChrist-Centered Critical Thinking. Lesson 6: Evaluating Thinking
Christ-Centered Critical Thinking Lesson 6: Evaluating Thinking 1 In this lesson we will learn: To evaluate our thinking and the thinking of others using the Intellectual Standards Two approaches to evaluating
More informationCreating a Persuasive Speech
Creating a Persuasive Speech Argumentation - Review Every argument needs to have three parts: Claim Your main idea/point Evidence Support from other sources (may fall within logos, pathos and/or ethos)
More informationSinners in the Hands of an Angry God. by Jonathan Edwards
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God by Jonathan Edwards Think Think about a time you tried to change someone s mind. Did you use a gentle approach, scare tactics, or something in between? Have you ever
More informationStep 1 Pick an unwanted emotion. Step 2 Identify the thoughts behind your unwanted emotion
Step 1 Pick an unwanted emotion Pick an emotion you don t want to have anymore. You should pick an emotion that is specific to a certain time, situation, or circumstance. You may want to lose your anger
More informationChrist-Centered Critical Thinking. Lesson 7: Logical Fallacies
Christ-Centered Critical Thinking Lesson 7: Logical Fallacies 1 Learning Outcomes In this lesson we will: 1.Define logical fallacy using the SEE-I. 2.Understand and apply the concept of relevance. 3.Define,
More informationInductive Logic. Induction is the process of drawing a general conclusion from incomplete evidence.
Inductive Logic Induction is the process of drawing a general conclusion from incomplete evidence. An inductive leap is the intellectual movement from limited facts to a general conviction. The reliability
More informationASSERTIVENESS THE MOST RARELY USED SKILL
ASSERTIVENESS THE MOST RARELY USED SKILL When I take my vehicle in for an oil change and simple service, the workshop mechanics are frequently interested in selling me more than the basic oil change and
More informationLecture 4 Good and Bad Arguments Jim Pryor Some Good and Bad Forms of Arguments
Lecture 4 Good and Bad Arguments Jim Pryor Some Good and Bad Forms of Arguments 1 Agenda 1. Reductio Ad Absurdum 2. Burden of Proof 3. Argument by Analogy 4. Bad Forms of Arguments 1. Begging the Question
More informationAnnouncements. No class Monday!! And we have an awesome quiz #3 on Tuesday!!
Announcements No class Monday!! And we have an awesome quiz #3 on Tuesday!! Prepare for quiz #3 by reviewing last two homework assignments, today s review questions, and Exercises 7-9, 7-10, 7-11 HW Essay
More informationThis handout discusses common types of philosophy assignments and strategies and resources that will help you write your philosophy papers.
The Writing Center Philosophy Like 2 people like this. What this handout is about This handout discusses common types of philosophy assignments and strategies and resources that will help you write your
More informationDEPRAVITY. BRUCE VAN BLAIR 2011 All rights reserved. PAGE 1 OF 6
Romans 3:19-28 Ash Wednesday Perhaps the most frequent mockery of Calvin, and hence of Puritans (our spiritual forebears), is aimed toward the teachings and sayings that might be lumped together under
More informationTom Conway, Colorado State University, Department of English Spring 2015 Context: Assignment 2: Sustainable Spaceship Argument Overview sustainably
Tom Conway, Colorado State University, Department of English Spring 2015 Context: The Spaceship Earth assignment comes in the middle of a semester in my upper division Writing Arguments course. The way
More informationRules for NZ Young Farmers Debates
Rules for NZ Young Farmers Debates All debaters must be financial members of the NZYF Club for which they are debating at the time of each debate. 1. Each team shall consist of three speakers. 2. Responsibilities
More informationEXERCISES, QUESTIONS, AND ACTIVITIES My Answers
EXERCISES, QUESTIONS, AND ACTIVITIES My Answers Exercises Drinking Age ) Although some laws appear unmotivated, many laws have obvious justifications. For instance, driving while under the influence is
More information