index in this web service Cambridge University Press Medieval authors are indexed according to their given names.

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1 index Medieval authors are indexed according to their given names. accidents qualities division of, proprium of, 96 quantities discrete vs. continuous, 93 points and lines, relations two definitions of, reduction of, separable vs. inseparable, space and time where and when, 99 quantitative vs. substantial place, relational theory of space, 100 temporal indivisibilism, Adam du Petit-Pont (see also Parvipontani), 306, 313 Adam of Balsham, 27 Adam of St. Victor, 59 Alberic of Paris (see also Albricani), 27, , , 306, 315, 317, 320, 323, 325 Albricani, 306, 320 Alexander Nequam, 313 Ambrose, 59 Anselm of Canterbury, 2, 14, 25, 28, 31, 32, 308, 309 Anselm of Laon, passim, 48, 49 appellatio, see signification argument (see also locus, logic, propositions) argumentatio vs. argumentum, 160 argumentum, 160, 170, Deduction Theorem, 182 embarrassing, against immediates, 177 Alberic s (= the most embarrassing of all twelfth-century arguments), from opposites, 190 inference (entailment), 169 connexive principle(s), 165, impossible positio, obligatio of, 191 necessity condition, 169, perfect vs. imperfect, , 173 probability, 161, relevance condition, 169, topical arguments vs. syllogisms, liar s paradox, loci, , 169, , , division of, 186, 324 from definition, from integral whole, 177, from opposites, , non-boethian, 173, 321, 324 syllogisms, 160, 162, , , in this web service

2 358 Aristotle, 2, 6, 18, 27, 29, 30, 31, 77, 78, 128, passim, 161, 165, 166, 167, 170, 176 cognition, four causes, 103 nouns and verbs, 138, 315 predication, 148, 149 signification, 314, 316 structure of logic, ten categories, 92, 93, 95, 97, passim, 140 universals, 310 arts, liberal, 6, 22 Athanasius, 55 atonement, see sin Augustine, 2, 11, 25, 35, 60, , passim, 288 Benedict, 55 Benny, Jack, 284 Benton, John, 46 Bernard of Chartres, 36, 38 Bernard of Clairvaux, 16, 17, 20, 26, 31, 48, 188, 260 passim, 269, 276 Boethius, 6, 18, 22, 24, 35, 36, 65, 78, 82, 85, 94, 95, 96, 99, 128, 130, , , 168 passim, 170, 172, passim, passim, 181, 182, 234, 318, 320, 324 aim of Aristotle s Categories, 92 cognition, passim, 218 maximal propositions, 176 signification, 314 theory of hypothetical propositions, , 319 theory of topical arguments, 159, , 319 universals, 33, 66, 71, 72, 136, 310 Bolzano, Bernard, 171 Buytaert, E. M., 259 Calcidius, 25 causation causes, ontological status of, efficient causality, 103 events, eventus (eventus rei/rerum), 105 four causes, 103 Cicero, 25, 36, 158, 160, 163, 164, 208 Clanchy, M. T., 129 cognition (see also understandings, universals) Aristotle vs. Abelard on, as formal identity of knower and known, 201 as representational likeness, 202 images in cognition of sensible particulars, 207 in cognition of universals and non-sensible items, 184, ontological status of, 207 perception, statue-of-achilles view of, wounded-lion view of, knowledge, 81, 84, objects of, of particulars vs. universals, sensation vs. perception, sense vs. imagination, skepticism, 216, understanding, consent (see also sin, will) analysis of, 285 intentions as acts of consent, conflict in, ends and means, good vs. bad, 290, , intensions vs. second-order desires, second-order, possibility of, 287 Dagobert, 130 Dante Alighieri, 279 de Rijk, Lambert, 129 devil, 259, passim power of, rights of, dialectic (see also logic, philosophy), 5, dictum, dicta (see also propositions), , 133, 146, ontological status of, significata of sentences, 105 Dronke, Peter, 47, 60 entailment, see argument Eudemus, 164 eventus, see causation in this web service

3 359 exemplarism, 260, 265 definition, 259 incoherence of, 263 rejection by Abelard, Farrer, Austin, 258 form, see hylomorphism Frankfurt, Harry, 286 Frege, Gottlob, 166 Frege Point, 166 Fulbert, 1, 14 15, 49, 62 Garlandus of Besançon, 29, 314 Geach, Peter, 166, 238 Geoffrey of Monmouth, 48 Gilbert of Poitiers (see also Porretani), 306, 312, 326 Gottschalk, 59 grace (see also sin) atonement, distribution of, nature of, necessary for right action, Green-Pedersen, N. J., 319 Heloise (see also Historia calamitatum), 1, 14, 16, 19 20, 24, 26, 45, 46, 47, 49 51, 52 54, 55, 56, 58, 60, 61, passim Historia calamitatum authorship of, historical reliability of, 45, 47 response of Heloise to, romance and confession in, Hugh of St. Victor, 27 hylomorphism elements, 75 form human soul as special case of, supervenience of, 76 types of, 75 matter, identity and distinction, see sameness and difference individuality criteria for, 73 nature of, intention, see consent Jerome, 24, 25, 54, Jocelin of Soisson, 310 John Buridan, 158 John of Salisbury, 2, 36, 182, 310, 313 justice (see also sin), 261 Kant, Immanuel, 2, 289 locus, see argument logic (see also argument, philosophy) aim, 133, 159 definition, 127 logica antiquorum vs. modernorum, 306 logica vetus, 6, 128, 158, 306 place in philosophy, 127 propositional connectives, , 166, negation, relation to grammar, , , sophismata, 150 structure of, terminist, 306 twelfth-century, development of, 21 23, 307 logica vetus (old logic), see logic Luscombe, David, 46 Macrobius, 25, 35, 36 McTaggart, J. E. M., 102 Marenbon, John, 224, 260, 294 Marius Victorinus, 159 matter, see hylomorphism meaning, see signification, understandings Meludinenses (see also Robert of Melun), 306, 313, 315, 317, , 324, 327, 328 Mews, Constant, 7, 129 natural kinds, see natures natural law, see sin natures division of, 83 individual vs. common, knowledge of, 81 modality, 84 natural powers, 83 Nominales, 12, 162, 173, 192, 305, 306, 312, 314, 319, 325, 326 in this web service

4 360 nominalism, 2, 6, 8, 12, 34, 65, 216, 219, 319 Norbert of Xanten, 16 Notker, 59 Origen, 55 Paraclete, 16, 54, 57 hymns, parts (see also wholes) integral, 79 theories of, Parvipontani (see also Adam du Petit-Pont), 306, 313, 316, 320, 324, pelagianism (see also grace), passim definition, 259, 269 in Abelard, , 273, 276 Peter Abelard life of, 1, career, castration, 1, 25, 47, 62 condemnations (see also Sens, Soissons), 52, , 252 excommunication, 2, monastic commitment, monastic reform, 25 26, poetry, reading, writings chronology of, 7 8, 18 20, 36, complete list of, division of, Peter Astralabe, 62, 63 Peter the Venerable, 18 philosophy definition, 126 division of, 65, 126 Plato, 21, 25, 26, passim, 96 97, 208, World Soul, 21, Plotinus, 35 Pope Innocent II, 17 Porphyry, 6, 18, 21, 27, 29, 30, 31, 77, 82, 89, 128, 132, 136, 158, passim, 307, 310 Porretani (see also Gilbert of Poitiers), 306, 313, 315, 320, 324, 326 possibility and necessity analysis of, relation to powers, 83, 85 powers, see possibility and necessity predication (see also propositions) analysis of, copula, grammatical form vs. truth-conditions, 147 what is x vs. is x, 90 Priscian, 22, 24, 130, 137, 159, 208, 311, propositions (see also argument, dicta) as linguistic entities, 145 categorical, 161 centrality in logic, 133 construction of, 141, content vs. force (or judgment), 146, hypothetical, 160, , , lex natura vs. de inesse, 180 impersonal, maximal, 160, , 170, 173, , 186 modal de dicto (de sensu) vs. de re, 146, 180 semantics of, , truth and falsity of, , 180, 186 universal, 167 Quine, W. V. O., 171 Quinn, Phillip, 259, 260, 266 Rainbert of Lille, 29 Rashdall, Hastings, 259, 260 Robert of Melun (see also Meludinenses), 306, 313 Roscelin of Compiègne (see also vocalism), 14, 21, 22, 28, 31 32, 34, 307 sameness and difference (see also Trinity) in essence, 86 87, in number, 87 88, , , in definition, 225, in property, 89 91, 225, 228, 241, , in this web service

5 361 in what is proper, 225, 241, , 247 in words (voces vs. sermones), types of, 86 Sens, Council of, 9, 17, 20, sermo, see universals Shakespeare, William, 288 signification (see also dictum, propositions, understandings), , context-relativity of, dialectical vs. grammatical, imposition, in essentia vs. adiacentia, in relation to the declension of nouns, of names fictitious, 314 proper and general, signification vs. naming (or appellatio), 314, things vs. understandings, 139, sin (see also consent, devil, will) action, fit vs. unfit, atonement for, 259, concupiscence, 265, contempt for God, , , ignorance, , 293 mental vice, 280, 301 mistaken belief, moral dilemmas, 298 natural law, , 296 nature of (see also consent), original, , 267 outward deeds, pleasure, 285 punishment for, justice of, practical value of, senses of the term, 265, taxonomy of, voluntariness of, 284 will (see also will), Soissons, Council of, 9, 15, 19, 51 52, 54, 225, 252 status, see universals Stephen De Garlande, 16 substance characterized, 93 primary vs. secondary, 93 Swinburne, Richard, 238, 259 Themistius, 163 Thierry of Chartres, 52 Theophrastus, 164 Thomas Aquinas, 252 Thomas of Morigny, 17 Trinity (see sameness and difference) divine simplicity, complications for, doctrine of, 224, 308 in pagan philosophy, logical problem of, 224 theory of, material-constitution, , 249 Abelard s, 52 53, 91, 225, understandings (see also cognition, signification, universals) signified by names (proper and general), simple vs. compound, 144, 184 sound vs. empty, 144 universal, formation via abstraction, 214 nature of, veridicality of, universals (see also cognition, Nominales, nominalism, vocalism), 27 34, background to twelfth-century discussions of, collective realism (or collectio theory) characterized, 69, objections to, indifference theories characterized, 71, 309 objections to, maneria theory, material essence realism, 34 characterized, 66, 309 objections to, Platonism about, 227, 307 sermones, 34, 91 92, 135, 200, 310, 312 status, 82, , , 313 theory of master R., universal words vs. things, 135 voces, 28, 91 92, 135, 307, 310 in this web service

6 362 van Inwagen, Peter, 238 vocalism (see also Garlandus of Besançon and Roscelin of Compiègne) approach to logic, 28 31, 307 metaphysical view, 28, voluntas, see will vox, see universals, vocalism Walter of Mortagne, 27, 71 72, 310, 313 Weingart, Richard, 260 wholes (see also parts) integral, 77 types of, mereology, 79 temporal, universal (general), 77, 188 will (see also consent, sin) desires conflict in, ends and means, first-order vs. second order, 286 relation to will, 284 freedom of will vs. freedom of action, 286 unwillingness, 284 voluntariness, 284 voluntas, meaning of, 284 William of Auxerre, 17 William of Champeaux, 21, 22, 26, 27, 28 confrontation with Abelard, 14, 23, 48, 129, 188, 306, 307, 308, 312 passim indifference theories, 71, 72 inferences, 318 loci, 318, passim, 324 material essence realism, 34, 66, 69 signification, 314 William of Conches, William of Ockham, 158 William of St. Thierry, 17 Wood, Allen, 289 in this web service

Nominalism. From the Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Michael J. Loux. Philosophical Concept

Nominalism. From the Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Michael J. Loux. Philosophical Concept From the Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy Nominalism Michael J. Loux Philosophical Concept Nominalism refers to a reductionist approach to problems about the existence and nature of abstract entities;