ARDESHIR II (CE ), brother of Shahpur II
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1 ARDESHIR II (CE ), brother of Shahpur II (Silver Drachm) Obverse: 'MaZDISN BaGI ARTa(K)HSHaTR MaLKAN MaLKA AIRAN Va ANIRAN (Defender of the Faith-Mazdayasna, Ardeshir, King of Kings of Airan and of territories). Having taken the title Ardeshir, (the first Sassanian and founder of the Dynasty, he fashioned his crown after this great ancestor (Ardeshir I CE ). The Tiara is thin, bearing a single layer of pearls and tied at the back with ribbons. Ornate silk cloth covers hair and Orymbos, which is tied at the waist by a ribbon. Curled locks of hair and beard tip tied with ribbon, holding gemstone. Necklace and Earrings bear large gemstones. Reverse: There is no legend. The bust of the king appears within the flames. The shaft of the Fire altar is double conical (a feature occurring for the first time) pointing to the middle and decorated by ribbons. The Fire-attendants are Priests holding with both hands a bundle of Barsom rods held together by two ligatures. A short decorative cape runs down behind the shoulders.
2 As the Governor of Atrapatan -modern Adzerbaijan (CE ), before he ascended the throne, he had taken harsh measures against the Christians. An aged Prince and not at all as strong in character as his brother, Shahpur, he was not as much respected by the Nobility. He further opposed them by taking strong measures against them and by being generous to the peasantry. He gained the title of Nikukar ('the beneficient') because he was instrumental in waiving all overdue taxes. Campaigns: *CE 383: When Manuel, son of the 'Bab', King of Armenia died there was anarchy and turmoil in Armenia. Ardeshir was unable to cope. The danger of Rome interfering had become imminent. The exasperated nobles, finally deposed him during the same year for his inaptitude at and a soft approach to governing and administration.
3 SHAHPUR III (CE ) 2 nd son of Shahpur II (Silver Drachm) Obverse: 'MaZDISN BaGI ShaHPuHRI MaLKAN MaLKA AIRAN Va ANIRAN' (Defender of the Faith, Shahpur, King of Kings of Airan and An-Airan). Tiara shows a thick lamina, which is richly decorated and studded with gemstones. Curled locks of hair and beard tip tied with ribbon, holding gemstones. The necklace and earrings bear large gemstones. Reverse: 'ATUR ZI ShaHPuHRi' (Fire of Shahpur). From this period onwards the word ATUR replaces NURA for Fire. Bust of King with his thick lamina crown and necklace seen in flames. Straight Shaft of the Altar is decorated with ribbons and bears the word RAST meaning Just. Attendants are King and Prince (both crowns show the royal Orymbos) holding a long bundle of Barsom rods with both hands. Short Capes hang behind shoulders.
4 *CE 384: Immediately on ascending the throne he sent a deputation to Gratian (CE ) the Byzantium Emperor with a plea of promoting peace and friendship between the two nations. The Council of Nobles was again displeased because it did not think such a move was necessary. CE 385: He extended courtesies to Armenia and gave his sister to the newly installed King, Khusru in Armenia. CE 388: Shahpur lived a leisurely life. He was fond of excursions and hunting. While encamped in an open field, during a hunt, a severe hurricane destroyed the camp and his tent. He is said to have died of injuries he sustained from his collapsing tent. Gratian CE
5 VARAHRAN IV (CE ) 3 rd son of Shahpur II (Silver Drachm) Obverse: 'MaZDISN BaGI VaRaHRAN ZI MaLKAN MaLKA AIRAN' (Defender of the Faith - Mazdayasna King of Kings). The word 'ANIRAN' is omitted and appears no more on any coins after this period. Tiara has a large turret in front and wings at the back. Silk cloth is ornate. Curled locks of hair and beard tip tied by a ribbon, holding gemstones. Gem stone necklace. Reverse: 'ATURI VaRaHRAN (Fire of Behram). Fire attendants are King and Prince (both wearing crown with one front turret), holding long bundle of Barsom rods tied together with 4 ligatures. 'RAST' (Just) inscribed on shaft of Fire Altar. Mint monogram appears for the first time (see 'AS' for 'Asphahan' to the right of Fire).
6 He was given the title 'KermanShah' because, as a Prince, he was a popular administrator and Governor of the Province of Kerman. Campaigns: *CE 391: His urge to remain on friendly terms with Rome and Byzantium was so strong he entered into a peace treaty with the Byzantine Emperor Valentinian II (CE ). Since the conflict of interest in Armenia continued between Rome and Airan, he assisted in partitioning Armenia into a western Christian Zone, ruled by a Roman Governor and a Zarathushtrian Zone, ruled by the Armenian, (but Christian) Khusru. Khusru, however, played a deceitful role in trying to promote revolt, with the support of the Byzantine Emperor Theodosius I (CE ) hoping to convert the entire nation to Christianity. Behram invaded Armenia, seized Khusru, imprisoned him and placed his own Zarathushti brother, Varahran-Shapur as governor of the Zarathushti zone. This partition of Armenia lasted during the rest of the Sassanian Dynasty. After Airan was lost to the Arabs CE 641 the entire population of Armenia was converted to Christianity. Zarathushti Fire Altars were systematically destroyed by the Romans legions and, slowly, conversion to Christianity was imposed as an obligation in the guise of a civil duty. CE 399: While on a hunting trip, Behram was killed by a stray arrow shot by some bandits during their affray. Valentinian II CE Theodosius I CE
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