The Poems of Ossian By James Macpherson
|
|
- Penelope Osborne
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Universität Bielefeld Department of Linguistics and Literary Studies Intensive Course British History: Scotland Dr.Michael Pätzold WS 2005/2006 Sophie Hollmann The Poems of Ossian By James Macpherson
2 Introduction: How a Scottish Bard Changed the World When Fragments of Ancient Poetry was first published in 1760 it caused a sensation. Macpherson s translations of tales by a bard called Ossian from ancient Scotland, including the epic poems Fingal and Temora which appeared shortly afterwards, had a massive cultural impact in the 18 th and 19 th century. Napoleon is said to have carried a copy into battle, Goethe used whole passages in Die Leiden des jungen Werther, Herder had somebody read it to him at his deathbed, Ann Radcliff and Walter Scott drew on it to create their own romantic fiction and Ossian was praised as the Homer of the North. The huge number of reprints that appeared in the next 150 years shows its enduring appeal. Although the poems themselves fell out of fashion their impact was permanent. Numerous poems, paintings and pieces of music were inspired by them, and it is the Poems of Ossian that formed the popular image of the Celtic which lasts until today. Even doubts about the authenticity of Macpherson s work did little to reduce their influence. What seems to have struck people about Ossian, however, is not so much its scholarly significance, but the otherwordly atmosphere of the poems. They fitted well into a time in which people reacted against the rationalism of the 18 th century and a view of the physical world, increasingly dominated by sience. They appeared at the dawn of the Romantic Period which saw a rediscovery of local cultures as a result of the break with the cultural authority of classical Rome and it was in fact a rediscovery of ancient Scottish tales. The Author Macpherson was born on 27 th Octobre 1736 at Ruthven, near Inverness, in the Scottish Highlands as the son of a farmer. In 1745 and the following years life changed dramatically through Charles Edward Stuard s disasterous rebellion. Macpherson spent eight years of his youth in a time of violence and opression. The distinctive Highland way of life was threatened by the prohibitions by the crown, 2
3 ment to make the region forever save: the tartan plaid was banned and it was prohibited to carry arms or to play the bagpipes. Macpherson was educated at Aberdeen and Edinburgh and became a teacher in his native village. Two years later, in 1758, he moved back to Edinburgh to start a literary carreer and published the long poem The Highlander. The Scots Magazine published a few more of his poems, but he remained unknown. About the time he wrote The Highlander he became a private tutor. When the family of his pupil spent some time in Moffat in 1759, he met the popular Scotish poet John Home. Home was full of romantic interest and Macpherson knew something about Gaelic poetry, an he provided Home with translations of Gaelic poems from Scotland. Home and others, among them Dr. Hugh Blair, a professtor for rethorics and literature, were fascinated by Macpherson s work and pressed him to offer additional translations. As a result Fragments of Ancient Poetry Collected in the Highlands of Scotland and translated from the Gaelic or Erse Language appeared in 1760 and made him famous. And the literary society wanted more. Finally Macpherson started an expedition to the Highlands to find out about more ancient tales. Only one year later Fingal was published and immediately drew comparison with Homer, Virgil and Milton. Only two years later the follow up volume Temora appeared. But already in 1762 doubts were raised about the authenticity of his work in England and Ireland. This controversy was to last for years, because Macpherson did not make his sources public. His most famous critic was Samuel Johnson. After his initial success Macpherson moved to London and took up a post as secretary to the Governor of Florida in He returned in 1766 and became a lobbyist and political pamphleteer. Macpherson died as a wealthy man in He was burried in Westminster Abby at his own expense. A Bard Called Ossian or The Man Who Ressurected the Celts The person centering the action of Fingal and Temora around himself is Ossian, who already appears in Fragments of Ancient Poetry. He is an old, blind bard from the third century, the last of a long family line and the son of Fingal, who died a heroe s 3
4 death together with his legendary fellowship. Guided by Malvina, the young widow of his dead son Oscur, he sings about the heroic fights and deeds of past times. The poem begins with the arrival of adversary ships from Lochlin (Scandinavia), and with Cuchullin rallying his men in defense. Cuchullin engages with the foe, although he has been warned by the ghost of Crugal, an Irish hero, and suffers a humiliating defeat, but when Fingal arrives, he beats the enemy leader Swaran in a single combat. However, Fingal is not only a straighforeward military narrative. The action is riddled with tales of broken love and premature death. The tone is generally melancholic and wistful, rather than triumphantly patriotic. By the middle of the 18 th century Scottish intellectuals already admired the strength, courage and austere lifestyle of the German tribes presented in William Duncan s translation of Ceasar s Commentaries. The image of the Celts Macpherson created, satisfied his readers who appreciated melancholy and gentlemanly behaviour, and it fitted well into a time of admiration of courage and austerity primitive was associated with virtue (Stafford, p.xi). Maybe this was the reason for the immense success of the text. Macpherson developed a picture of the Celtic that approximated the ideas of his contemporaries and that brought back a culture repressed and long forgotten. People like Hugh Blair saw evidence of the creative genius of early society in Macpherson s work. The poems confirmed their expectations of what early poetry was like and confirmed the association of epic sublimity with the earliest periods of society (Stafford, p.xvi). The Question of Authenticity It has long been established that Macpherson based his work on traditional sources to produce imaginative poems not corresponding closely to any identifyable original Gaelic verse, and the idea of a sophisticated hoax still persists. But to take that line is to ignore the circumstances Macpherson worked and grew up under. As a child of the Highlands he must have been listening to the local legends and folklore that had been passed down through generations. The experiences he made later on with Scottish intellectuals, who regarded the values he had been brought up with, as respectable, would have given him a good reason for regarding the ancient tales with serious interest, after he had witnessed the surpression of his culture (Stafford, p.xi). 4
5 When Macpherson set off to his journey through the Highlands in autumn 1760, he had a clear mission. He had to recover Scotland s ancients epic. Within some weeks he had collected a big number of stories and poems. What exactly he did with the material has been subject of scholarly debate ever since. To which extend The Poems of Ossian are really literal translations of original Gaelic verse provoked a famous controversy at his time, which also lasted after his death. The Highland Society of Scotland even set up a committee of investigation, and finally it was officially concluded that Macpherson had not produced close translations of the original material, but that he had nevertheless drawn on the traditional tales and the characters, plots and episodes in them (Stafford, p.viii). While English critics generally regarded the melancholic spirit of Macpherson s work as more important than the material, Celtic scholars, especially from Ireland, critcised his free-handling of Gaelic poetry and chiefly the way in which he had confused the stories from the Fionn and the Ulster Cycles. The cause for their hostility might also have been Macpherson s appropriation of Irish heroes and the refusal to accept the fact that the Scots were originally inhabitants of Ireland (Stafford, p.vii). Macpherson s greatest critic was Samuel Johnson. He regarded him as a charlatan who made up all his writing from hardly anything but his imagination. Although Fingal may be no direct and accurate translation of Gaelic poems that had survived since the third century, the text is not purely forged and not an arrant fake. He could draw on a common pool of stories from his childhood to recreate his own version of the ancient tales. But he was not only a man from the Highlands, but he also had a university education and shared his favourers hopes that early Scottish poetry resembled that of ancient Greece. Macpherson was a traditionalist and an innovator at once, and his work combines the ancient and the modern. It neither belongs exclusively to archaic Gaelic nor to 18 th century English culture. It can only be seen as an attempt to mediate between the two no matter how much of The Poems of Ossian is direct translation and how much imagination (Stafford, p.xviii). The question about the authenticity of the poems, however, stimulated huge interest and research into early Gaelic literature, which is still carried out today since the revival critical interest in the late 1980 s and 1990 s. Macpherson s work again or still attracts serious attention, however one might judge his supposed intentions when he wrote The Poems of Ossian. 5
6 Bibliography Crumey, Andrew. James Macpherson. URL: / ~crumey/james_macpherson.html (visited on Aug. 16, 2005) Hare, J.B. The Poems of Ossian by James MacPherson. URL: (visited on Aug. 16, 2005) Stafford, Fiona. Introduction: The Ossianic Poems of James Macpherson. The Poems of Ossian and Related Works. Ed. Gaskill, Howard. Trownbridge: Redwood Books
LANGUAGE ARTS 1205 CONTENTS I. EARLY ENGLAND Early History of England Early Literature of England... 7 II. MEDIEVAL ENGLAND...
LANGUAGE ARTS 1205 MEDIEVAL ENGLISH LITERATURE CONTENTS I. EARLY ENGLAND................................. 3 Early History of England........................... 3 Early Literature of England.........................
More informationJames Macpherson & Ossian
University of South Carolina Scholar Commons RBSC Publications Irvin Department of Rare Books & Special Collections 7-1-1998 James Macpherson & Ossian University Libraries--University of South Carolina
More informationBeowulf: Introduction ENGLISH 12
Beowulf: Introduction ENGLISH 12 Epic Poetry The word "epic" comes from the Greek meaning "tale." It is a long narrative poem which deals with themes and characters of heroic proportions. Primary epics
More informationThe Life and Works of James MacPherson
The Life and Works of James MacPherson Prepared by Tony Grace for the Carnie Group of the Calgary Burns Club 2013 1 The simple facts of the life of James Macpherson are well known, but he himself has revealed
More informationANGLO-SAXSON PERIOD ( ) Stonehenge (c BC)
ANGLO-SAXSON PERIOD (449-1066) Stonehenge (c. 2000 BC) Between 800 and 600 BC, two groups of Celts moved into the British isles: The Britons settled in Britain. The Gaels settled in Ireland. Farmers and
More informationAmerican Studies Early American Period
American Studies Early American Period 1 TERMS: 1 Metaphysical-- based on abstract reasoning 2 Religious doctrine--something that is taught; dogma or religious principles 3 Dogma-- a system of doctrines
More informationAlexander Pope Alexander Pope
Alexander Pope Alexander Pope (1688-1744) was the greatest poet of the eighteenth century, and one of the greatest of all the poets who have written in the English language. Poets and critics since Pope
More informationThe Anglo Saxon Period AD. Aug 16 2:43 PM. The Celtic Heroes: A Magical World
British Literature I - Honors Covers information from 440 - Victorian Era The Anglo Saxon Period 449-1066 AD College Prep Expectations: *writing *presentations *projects *participation - discussion & group
More information(Refer Slide Time: 0:34)
History of English Language and Literature Professor Merin Simi Raj Department of Humanities and Social Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Madras Lecture No 1B Old English Period-Anglo Saxon Literature
More informationThe Book of Mormon in the English Literary Context of 1837
The Book of Mormon in the English Literary Context of 1837 The Book of Mormon in the English Literary Context of 1837 Gordon K. Thomas Do you know anything of a wretched set of religionists in your country,
More informationREMARKS ON ADAM SMITH S LECTURES ON RHETORIC AND BELLES LETTRES
STUDIES IN LOGIC, GRAMMAR AND RHETORIC 7(20) 2004 Technical University of Białystok REMARKS ON ADAM SMITH S LECTURES ON RHETORIC AND BELLES LETTRES A lawyer without history or literature is a mechanic,
More informationEnglish Literature of the Seventeenth 14th Lecture FINAL REVISION 1
English Literature of the Seventeenth 14th Lecture FINAL REVISION The Puritan Age (1600-1660) The Literature of the Seventeenth Century may be divided into two periods- The Puritan Age or the Age of Milton
More informationIntroduction to Beowulf
Introduction to Beowulf Beowulf is one of the earliest poems written in any form of English. Actually, this writer should be called an editor because the poem had a long oral tradition and finally came
More informationMiddle Ages The Anglo-Saxon Period The Medieval Period
Middle Ages 449-1485 The Anglo-Saxon Period 449-1066 The Medieval Period 1066-1485 The Middle Ages 449-1485 Characteristics of the period Enormous upheaval and change in England Reigns of some of the most
More informationHL4030 Scottish Literature Course guide subject to minor changes Please print only when necessary
HL4030 Scottish Literature Course guide subject to minor changes Please print only when necessary 1 HL4030 Scottish Literature This course will introduce you to the main themes and characteristics of modern
More informationBurns, Ossian and Real Scottish Genius
Studies in Scottish Literature Volume 30 Issue 1 Article 9 1-1-1998 Burns, Ossian and Real Scottish Genius Peter T. Murphy Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.sc.edu/ssl Part of
More informationThe Anglo- Saxons
The Anglo- Saxons 449-1066 The United Kingdom: Small and isolated island, but still influential Invaded and conquered many times this led to a diverse and progressive culture Influence can be found today
More informationThe movie made of "The Dead," the longest story in James Joyce's. its author. His short stories do not so much tell a story in a traditional, i.e.
JAMES JOYCE When his faith went, he made a religion of his writing and ruthlessly sacrificed all else to it. Through years of exile, poverty, and difficulties getting published, he persisted, and eventually
More informationOther traveling poets (called rhapsodes) memorized and recited these epics in the banquet halls of kings and noble families.
An Introduction to Homer s Odyssey Who was HOMER? Homer was a blind minstrel (he told stories to entertain and to make his living); audiences had to listen carefully (this is oral tradition so there was
More informationLet Us Worship God Together
Let Us Worship God Together A Worship Guide First Presbyterian Church Nashville, Tennessee Hear God s Word Pray to God Sing to God Give to God May 28, 2017 Kirkin of the Tartan GATHERING The church season
More informationCHAPTER ONE. Their songs are of other worlds : Ossian and the Macpherson Paradigm
The following chapter from my book The Highland Pipe and Scottish Society (East Linton, 2000; 2 nd edn., Edinr., 2008; reprinted 2013) tells the story of James Macpherson s epoch-making mid-eighteenth-century
More informationUnit 1 MEDIEVAL WEALTH
By the Numbers MEDIEVAL WEALTH The household goods of a wealthy thirteenth-century butcher in the English town of Colchester included the following: one trestle table (with boards stored in a corner except
More informationGales settled primarily on the smaller island (now Ireland)
Britons settled on the largest of the British Isles (now England, Scotland, Wales) & is now known as Great Britain Gales settled primarily on the smaller island (now Ireland) In A.D. 43, the Romans invaded
More informationEnglish Romanticism: Rebels and Dreamers
English Romanticism: Rebels and Dreamers Come forth into the light of things. Let Nature be your teacher. 1798-1832 Historical Events! French Revolution! storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789! limits
More informationMEMOIR OF ALEXANDER McLEOD, D.D. CHAPTER II Until he joined the Reformed Presbyterian Church.
18 CHAPTER II. 1792. Until he joined the Reformed Presbyterian Church. YOUNG McLeod having received a very respectable classical education in his native isle, animated by that spirit of liberty and independence
More informationChapter 5 Fill-in Notes: The Roman Empire
1 Chapter 5 Fill-in Notes: The Roman Empire Pax Romana Octavian s rule brought a period of peace to the Mediterranean world. Pax Romana ( ) _ peace Won by war and maintained by During Roman Peace the came
More informationThe Highlands and the Lowlands of Scotland: Transference, Cultural Synecdoche and the Elusive Quest for Identity
17 e-crit The Highlands and the Lowlands of Scotland: Transference, Cultural Synecdoche and the Elusive Quest for Identity Philippe LAPLACE In the summer of the year 1758 or 1759, Mr Home [Scottish playwright,
More informationOssian, Scott, and Nineteenth-Century Scottish Literary Nationalism
Studies in Scottish Literature Volume 17 Issue 1 Article 6 1-1-1982 Ossian, Scott, and Nineteenth-Century Scottish Literary Nationalism Susan Manning Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.sc.edu/ssl
More informationNotes on The Dream of the Rood. Outline
Notes on The Dream of the Rood Outline Introduction of the Dream Address (1-3) Description of the Cross (4-27) Speech by the Cross to the Dreamer History Crucifixion (28-56) Christ s deposition and burial
More information1. List three profound links to England that America retained. a) b) c)
SENIOR ENGLISH: BRITISH LITERATURE THE ANGLO-SAXONS: THE EMERGENT PERIOD (450-1066) ANGLO-SAXON UNIT TEST REVIEW PACKET (COLLEGE PREP) ****THIS IS ALSO EXAM REVIEW PACKET #1**** Mrs. B. Ridge Brown Notebook
More informationWas There a Secret Gospel of Mark?
7.29 Was There a Secret Gospel of Mark? One of the most intriguing episodes in New Testament scholarship concerns the reputed discovery of an alternative version of Mark s Gospel indeed, an uncensored
More informationGeography 7th grade 1
Geography 7th grade 1 Stonehenge was built by early settlers over 5,000 years ago. 2 During the Middle Ages, Anglo-Saxons and Vikings settled in Britain. In 1066, Normans from Northern France conquered
More informationAncient Literature Unit
Ancient Literature Unit Beginnings of Literature People first began by telling stories orally. -- They could pass on news to people in other cities as they traveled from town to town. -- Most often, important
More informationSECTARIANISM Newsstand
TEACHER'S NOTES KS3/KS4 SECTARIANISM ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION: The primary objectives are to evaluate the meaning of sectarianism and what it means to be sectarian by using real life examples from Northern
More informationAUCLA 102 Greek and Roman Mythology
AUCLA 102 Greek and Roman Mythology The Nature of Myth Mythos Archaic Greek: a story, speech, utterance. Essentially declarative in nature Classical Greek: An unsubstantiated claim Mythographos Logographos
More informationExplanation of the series
Explanation of the series We are pausing our study in the book of Acts - which is ancient church history, 1950 years ago - and we are now going to be looking at some more recent church history, a mere
More informationLesson 1: Barbarians and the Fall of Rome
Lesson 1: Barbarians and the Fall of Rome Notemaking and Key Word Outlines Day 1: Read through the information on pages 5-8, Notemaking and Outlines in IEW s Teaching Writing Structure and Style. Write
More informationEnglish Literature. The Medieval Period. (Old English to Middle English)
English Literature The Medieval Period (Old English to Middle English) England before the English When the Romans arrived, they found the land inhabited by Britons. known as the Celts Stonehenge no written
More informationCeltic Life & Heritage Foundation. presents. Irish Legends. An Introduction Celtic Life & Heritage Foundation.
Celtic Life & Heritage Foundation presents Irish Legends An Introduction 2019 Celtic Life & Heritage Foundation Long ago, when gods and goddesses roamed the earth, the Goddess Danu was Ireland s earth
More informationFamous Love Letters in Handwriting
Famous Love Letters in Handwriting Sandra Fisher Famous Love Letters in Handwriting Do we really know what love is? We are living at a time when love seems to be absent. It is far from being the motivating
More informationYear Autumn 2014 Spring 2015 Summer 2015 group
Year Autumn 2014 Spring 2015 Summer 2015 group 3 Stone Age, Iron Age and Celts Can you locate the different periods of the stone age on a timeline? What was the hunter-gatherer life of the late Neolithic
More informationMythology. Teacher Edition. Written by Rebecca Stark Illustrated by Karen Birchak and Nelsy Fontalvo
Mythology Teacher Edition TM Written by Rebecca Stark Illustrated by Karen Birchak and Nelsy Fontalvo Table of Contents TO THE TEACHER...4 What Is Mythology?...5 6 Mythology of the Ancient Greeks...7 26
More informationThe EPIC Before we Read
The EPIC Before we Read What Genre of literature is Beowulf? Brief outline of Beowulf: Beowulf is an EPIC poem. It s main character is Beowulf, a warrior with high standing who battles a brutal and bloodthirsty
More informationEDUCATOR S GUIDE. Silver A COLLECTION OF SHORT STORIES
EDUCATOR S GUIDE Silver A COLLECTION OF SHORT STORIES Act of a Hero Hugh Garner You may want to review the literary component of conflict with your students. You may add that conflict in stories is not
More informationREVIEW: HISTORY AND NATIONAL IDENTITY
Scottish Affairs, no.27 t spring 1999 REVIEW: HISTORY AND NATIONAL IDENTITY David McCrone D.Broun, RJ.Finlay and M.Lynch (eds) (1998), Image and Identity: The Making and Re-making of Scotland Through the
More informationObjective. You will: Show me by: Understand the structure and characteristics of Anglo-Saxon poetry.
Objective After viewing the powerpoint and taking notes, students will demonstrate understanding of the structure and characteristics of Anglo-Saxon poetry by summarizing the main points in their Cornell
More informationEarly America to 1750
Early America to 1750 Objectives of the Unit Read, discuss, and write about early American literature Recall and interpret facts and extend the meaning of the selections React to critical opinions and
More informationSB=Student Book TE=Teacher s Edition WP=Workbook Plus RW=Reteaching Workbook 47
A. READING / LITERATURE Content Standard Students in Wisconsin will read and respond to a wide range of writing to build an understanding of written materials, of themselves, and of others. Rationale Reading
More informationEarly books on Druidism
The Fintry Trust Library Early books on Druidism printed before 1820 Here is a selection of early books on Druidism in the Fintry Trust Library, all of which were printed before 1820 William Borlase: Antiquities,
More informationA Brief History of Old English The Importance of Language The Importance of Language English Language Periods of English Old English ( AD)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A Brief History of Old English British Literature Activity 1.2 Mrs. Fitzgerald The Importance of Language n English experiences the constant growth and decay that characterize all forms of
More informationEnglish 4 British Literature Spring Semester Restoration to Victorian Era CREATED BY MRS. JESTICE JANUARY 2018
English 4 British Literature Spring Semester 1660-1901Restoration to Victorian Era CREATED BY MRS. JESTICE JANUARY 2018 English 4 Fall Semester Review 700BC to 43BC Iron Age multiple Germanic Tribes 43BC
More informationWILLIAM SHAKESPEARE: FOR ALL TIME
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE: FOR ALL TIME WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE (1564 1616) WHY STUDY SHAKESPEARE? People who have studied Shakespeare: Have a broader view of the world in general. Have little trouble in other literature
More informationTHE HISTORY OF BRITISH LITERATURE
THE HISTORY OF BRITISH LITERATURE ERA RELIGIOUS, POLITICAL, OR SOCIAL CONDITION LITERARY FIGURES AND THE LITERARY WORKS 1. Old English (Anglo-Saxon) 450-1050 BC - The literary works were influenced by
More informationA copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge
Bold, Valentina (2005) Ossian and James Macpherson. In: Fazzini, Marco (ed.) Alba Literaria: A History of Scottish Literature. Series: Calibano (8). Amos Edizioni, Venice, pp. 193-204. ISBN 9788887670127
More informationWhat a Piece of Work is Man? Psalm 8. May 25, 2014 [First preached May 30, 2010] Memorial Day Observance. Mark S. Bollwinkel
What a Piece of Work is Man? Psalm 8 May 25, 2014 [First preached May 30, 2010] Memorial Day Observance Mark S. Bollwinkel Next to the Westminster Bridge and the house of Parliament in London, England
More informationThe Anglo-Saxon Period Stonehenge (c BC)
The Anglo-Saxon Period 449-1066 Stonehenge (c. 2000 BC) Celtic Invasion Between 800 and 600 BC, two groups of Celts moved into the British isles: The Britons settled in Britain. The Gaels settled in Ireland.
More informationReading Euthyphro Plato as a literary artist
The objectives of studying the Euthyphro Reading Euthyphro The main objective is to learn what the method of philosophy is through the method Socrates used. The secondary objectives are (1) to be acquainted
More informationliterature? In her lively, readable contribution to the Wiley-Blackwell Literature in Context
SUSAN CASTILLO AMERICAN LITERATURE IN CONTEXT TO 1865 (Wiley-Blackwell, 2010) xviii + 185 pp. Reviewed by Yvette Piggush How did the history of the New World influence the meaning and the significance
More informationEnemy Of Rome: A Novel (Hannibal) By Ben Kane
Enemy Of Rome: A Novel (Hannibal) By Ben Kane Just posted my review of Ben Kane's epic novel Hannibal: Enemy of Rome. Set at the start of the Second Punic Wars it follows the tale of a young Carthaginian
More informationPUBLISHER S NOTE. xiii
PUBLISHER S NOTE Critical Survey of Mythology and Folklore: Gods & Goddesses, by Salem Press, examines the major and minor deities from a broad range of regions and cultures throughout the world. It is
More informationThe Birth of Britain
The Birth of Britain Map of modern England, Scotland, and Wales Ancient Britain First known inhabitants of Britain were a nameless people shrouded in mystery All that is known about them is pieced together
More informationSandgate s History Curriculum
Sandgate s History Curriculum Overall View Year Year 1 School topic Year 2 School topic Year 3 Centenary School topic Year 4 school topic Year 5 school topic Year 6 school topic Topic Seaside Folkestone
More informationVideo Link: 2. Describe the affect of the Norman Conquest on the English language.
Old English If you have headphones, go ahead and follow the link below and answer the following questions. If you do not have headphones, proceed to the following slides and write notes on the bullet points
More informationDepartment of Classics
Department of Classics About the department The Classics Department is a centre of excellence for both teaching and research. Our staff are international specialists who publish regularly in all branches
More informationCLASSICAL STUDIES HIGHER LEVEL
M 87 AN ROINN OIDEACHAIS AGUS EOLAÍOCHTA LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION, 2000 CLASSICAL STUDIES HIGHER LEVEL (400 marks) WEDNESDAY, 21 JUNE AFTERNOON 2.00 to 5.00 There are questions on TEN TOPICS. The
More informationChivalric Code of Conduct
Chivalric Code of Conduct Chivalry The word, "chivalry", comes from the French word, "chevalerie", which means "skills to handle a horse." The ability to handle a horse, especially in combat, was of utmost
More informationWarrior Poet: Before David Was King A Novel By Timothy J. Stoner READ ONLINE
Warrior Poet: Before David Was King A Novel By Timothy J. Stoner READ ONLINE Ebook Warrior Poetbefore David Was Kinga Novel currently available for warrior poet before david was king a novel at amazoncom
More informationSERVIAM. How we work together & with the wider global community
SERVIAM How we work together & with the wider global community Spiritual (to demonstrate ) An ability to be reflective about their own beliefs, religious or otherwise, that inform their perspective on
More informationInterview with Ian Paton. IP=Ian Paton. DK=Drew Keane
Interview with Ian Paton IP=Ian Paton DK=Drew Keane DK: We invite you to simply begin by having you tell us the story of your involvement with liturgical revision in the Episcopal Church of Scotland. IP:
More informationJESUS FIRST QUESTION KEY POINTS IN THIS LESSON YOU WILL STUDY THESE QUESTIONS:
2 JESUS FIRST QUESTION KEY POINTS 1. If the testimony of the world s great leaders and scholars about Jesus Christ is correct, He is the most unique person to ever live in this world. 2. If the Holy Bible
More informationA Level History Unit 19: The Partition of Ireland the 1923/25 Education Act
A Level History Unit 19: The Partition of Ireland 1900-25 the 1923/25 Education Act 1 Assembling the Machinery of Government in Northern Ireland: the Education Act of 1923-25 Overview and Rationale Unit
More informationSchool of History. History & 2000 Level /9 - August History (HI) modules
School of History History - 1000 & 2000 Level - 2018/9 - August - 2018 History (HI) modules HI2001 History as a Discipline: Development and Key Concepts SCOTCAT Credits: 20 SCQF Level 8 Semester 2 11.00
More informationSpiritual Warfare Making a Determined Effort Ken Birks, Pastor/Teacher
I. Introductory Remarks. Spiritual Warfare Making a Determined Effort In this lesson I want to emphasize the importance of making a determined effort in everything that we are involved in, both spiritual
More informationBy ALLAN MASSIE Oct. 31, :46 p.m. ET
BOOKSHELF Wall Street Journal Review The Shepherd Who Would Be King David s connection to God often seems more stable and sure than his relationships to other human beings. A review of David, by David
More informationWilliam Blake ( )
William Blake (1757-1827) Among the greatest visionary poets in English literature, and one of its last great religious poets. Heavily influenced by the Bible (and Milton); later created his own mythology;
More informationPresbyterian Story Part I By: Douglas J. Kortyna
Presbyterian Story Part I By: Douglas J. Kortyna Introduction I will be highlighting the two most important figures that brought about the Presbyterian movement. They are John Calvin (Swiss Reformer) and
More informationrns Thomas Carlyle Essay on the History of Civil Society Adam Hero Worship David Hume Francis Hutcheson James Hutton Home Lizars Oyster Club Poker
rns Thomas Carlyle Essay on the History of Civil Society Adam Hero Worship David Hume Francis Hutcheson James Hutton Home Lizars Oyster Club Poker Club Rankenian Club Thomas Adam Smith Dugald Stewart Theory
More informationEarly American Literature. An Era of Change
Early American Literature An Era of Change Early American Literature Time Period: 1600-1800 Historical Context: First "American" colonies were established Religion dominated life and was a focus of their
More informationThe mysteries surrounding Shakespeare
The mysteries surrounding Shakespeare Océane Kerdavid et Florence Le Corre 3 A Summary Page 1 : Title Page 2 : Summary Page 3 : Introduction and biography Page 4 : assumptions Page 5 : argumentation and
More informationTHE STUDY OF FOLK-SONG IN AMERICA.
THE STUDY OF FOLK-SONG IN AMERICA. WITH the completion of the late Professor Child's monumental collection of English and Scottish Popular Ballads-a definitive edition, if anything of the sort can be definitive-it
More informationSir Walter Raleigh ( )
Sir Walter Raleigh (1552 1618) ANOTHER famous Englishman who lived in the days of Queen Elizabeth was Sir Walter Raleigh. He was a soldier and statesman, a poet and historian but the most interesting fact
More informationWoodcut photos from John Foxe s 1596 Book of Martyrs.
Woodcut photos from John Foxe s 1596 Book of Martyrs. Second only to the Bible and Book of Common Prayer, John Foxe's Acts and Monuments, known as the Book of Martyrs, was the most influential book published
More information7/8 World History. Week 21. The Dark Ages
7/8 World History Week 21 The Dark Ages Monday Do Now If there were suddenly no laws or police, what do you think would happen in society? How would people live their lives differently? Objectives Students
More information[1938. Review of The Philosophy of St. Bonaventure, by Etienne Gilson. Westminster Theological Journal Nov.]
[1938. Review of The Philosophy of St. Bonaventure, by Etienne Gilson. Westminster Theological Journal Nov.] Etienne Gilson: The Philosophy of St. Bonaventure. Translated by I. Trethowan and F. J. Sheed.
More informationEdmund Rice ICON Activity Booklet
Blessed Edmund Rice The Icon Edmund Rice, born in Ireland in 1762, was a well-educated, wealthy merchant. In all our 12 English Edmund Rice schools, you will find the Icon. At that time in Ireland Catholics
More informationAll stories are true; some of them actually happened. Irish Proverb The limits of language mean the limits of my world. -Ludwig Wittgenstein
The Story-Telling Life All stories are true; some of them actually happened. Irish Proverb The limits of language mean the limits of my world. -Ludwig Wittgenstein Genesis 1:1-3 In the beginning when God
More informationAncient Rome: Roman Republic
Ancient Rome: Roman Republic Geography of Italy Italy is a peninsula in southern Europe. It s shape looks like a boot. In the North there are the Alps. Apennines cuts in the middle of the peninsula. These
More informationEurope and American Identity H1007
Europe and American Identity H1007 Activity Introduction Well hullo there. Today I d like to chat with you about the influence of Europe on American Identity. What do I mean exactly? Well there are certain
More informationLet America Be America Again
Researching Images of America ACTIVITY 1.8 Learning Targets Analyze the use of imagery in a poem to see how it refers to the experience of being an American. Explain how a particular iconic American image
More informationThe Roman Republic. Chapter 10
The Roman Republic Chapter 10 Rome Italy Italy is a peninsula in Southern Europe It looks like a high-heeled boot sticking out into the Mediterranean Physical Features of Italy Two Main Mt. Ranges: 1.
More informationEleanor Of Aquitaine: A Life (Ballantine Reader's Circle) PDF
Eleanor Of Aquitaine: A Life (Ballantine Reader's Circle) PDF Renowned in her time for being the most beautiful woman in Europe, the wife of two kings and mother of three, Eleanor of Aquitaine was one
More informationPast Leaving Certificate Questions Alexander the Great
Past Leaving Certificate Questions Alexander the Great TOPIC YEAR 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 Ammon Shrine Q3 Q2 Aornos Q3 Q1
More informationWorld History (Survey) Chapter 17: European Renaissance and Reformation,
World History (Survey) Chapter 17: European Renaissance and Reformation, 1300 1600 Section 1: Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance The years 1300 to 1600 saw a rebirth of learning and culture in Europe.
More informationBathampton Primary School Together on a learning adventure. Key Stage One History. Pupils should be taught about Year One Year Two.
Events Worldwide Changes Key Stage One History Pupils should be taught about Year One Year Two Changes within living memory. Where appropriate, these Going Places T1 Our School T6 should be used to reveal
More informationDeposited on: 3 rd July 2012
Bold, V. (2001) "Rude Bard of the North": James Macpherson and the Folklore of Democracy. Journal of American Folklore, 114 (454). pp. 464-477. ISSN 0021-8715 http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/65996/ Deposited
More informationThe Aeneid (Vintage Classics) By Virgil READ ONLINE
The Aeneid (Vintage Classics) By Virgil READ ONLINE Download or subscribe to free content from Virgil's Aeneid by Stanford on itunes. The Aeneid (Vintage Classics) - Classics - Health/Personal Care - Valuable
More informationWho Was Saint Patrick?
The Story of Saint Patrick Each year on March 17 th, millions of people around the world celebrate Saint Patrick's Day. This usually involves wearing green and seeing lots of shamrocks, but who was Saint
More informationReading Essentials and Study Guide
Lesson 3 Culture of the Middle Ages ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS How did the Church influence political and cultural changes in medieval Europe? How did both innovations and disruptive forces affect people during
More informationLife & Literature in The Medieval Period
Life & Literature in The Medieval Period What was it like to live in the Middle Ages? The 3 Estates in the Middle Ages The idea of estates, or orders, was encouraged during the Middle Ages: Clergy Latin
More informationThe Agricola And The Germania (Penguin Classics) PDF
The Agricola And The Germania (Penguin Classics) PDF "The Agricola" is both a portrait of Julius Agricola - the most famous governor of Roman Britain and Tacitus' well-loved and respected father-in-law
More information