Name Date Period Score. A NEW CENTURY - CHAPTER 11 Progressive Era, World War I, and the Roaring Twenties

Transcription

1 Name Date Period Score A NEW CENTURY - CHAPTER 11 Progressive Era, World War I, and the Roaring Twenties During the first decades (20 years) of the new century, Utah s economy rested on and mining. Following World War I, agriculture and mining limped along while, construction, trade, and prospered. Labor fought big business, and Progressives fought for a safer, cleaner. Another Wave of Immigration Millions of immigrants came to America and then Utah after the. In the 1890's there were many more large waves. They came to find. Laborors were needed to work on the, in the mines and in the. They were also needed to work in. For these enterprises, workers were imported from Italy, Slavic provinces, Crete, and mainland Greece. By 1920, Utah s new immigrants brought the population to a nearly equal balance between and -. In the late 1800's one out of every 10 left for America. 1/3 of the people in came to America. Hispanic immigrants also came for jobs. Until the 1950's, most of Utah s African Americans lived in. To help end discrimination and exclusion, Blacks in Utah established a chapter of the (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) in Salt Lake City. Many were not open to Blacks. The Cathedral of the was dedicated in The Congregation Montefiore Jewish was built. In 1919 a school was established. They established a Church. By the 1920's, anti-japanese feelings ended with the Japanese Act of 1924 which prohibited the of all Japanese. The Times was a

2 Japanese newspaper. After the Revolution, thousands of Mexicans fled to safer places. Soon there were Mexican (communities) in Brigham, Garland, Ogden, and Salt Lake City. Following the Civil War, men claiming to be the ghosts of Confederate soldiers organized the. The Klan used terror and violence, murdering hundreds. After World War, Klan membership spread into Utah. They allowed only, native-born to join. They were against Jews, Catholics, Blacks, and all new. Violence did not appear widely in Utah until an elderly man died from a heart attack after being chased. A Black man was also by a mob. Transportation Advances At the first of the century, electric streetcars and railroads caused a transportation. The railroad went north from Salt Lake City as far as Farmington. became a popular resort for swimming, dancing, and horse racing. People also took the train to. There, they could ride a giant (which collapsed into the lake in the 1950's) dance to big bands, and float in the lake, then ride the train home. By 1909 the passenger railroad reached. A second line ran to and soon to Payson. In those days, before many people had, the trains were a vital source of fast, cheap transportation. TRAX, the new will go into use on December, Some say it is the best way to provide transportation to work and shopping centers, and is less expensive. They also say it will decrease the and help decrease ---- pollution. Others say it too much and will not really help the traffic. By 1900 there may have been gasoline-powered automobiles in the state. By 1909 there were about cars and trucks. It took years for Utah to boast paved roads along main state routes. Airplane flight did not come to Utah until, about 7 years after the Wright brother s flight in.

3 Electricity, Telephones, and Radios Utah had the first transcontinental tracks, lines, and wires come together here. At copper wires were spliced to complete a telephone circuit from New York to San Francisco. The first radio broadcast was from station (now KSL) began in earnest in lights were displayed on the streets of Salt Lake City in engines generated the first electricity. (It only ran a few days a week and was never generated on a full moon) Reclamation, National Forests, Parks, and Monuments By the turn of the century, farmers were using all of the available. To solve this water shortage problem, a project to transport water from the River across the mountains was proposed that required building a damn and diverting water from the river through a mountain to the Spanish Fork River. To be feasible, additional land was needed. Utah Senators Reed and George lobbied the government to remove this land from the Uintah-Ouray Reservation under national acts. The owned the land, but for over 40 years they had leased it to ranchers for grazing cattle. Eventually the won. The project had begun in and was completed in. Besides building dams, people began to think more and more about taking care of the. Albert was a federal government officer. His job was to see how the needs of both the people and the land could best be met. He communities, with people, the timber and grazing lands, how the mines and new electric power plants affected the land. He also saw that forests were very important as. Potter s survey resulted in a wide-scale program. Two national forests had already been set aside as protected public lands, but more were organized. Today there are six national forests in Utah. Those national forests are: Wasatch Cache National Forest Uinta National Forest Ashley National Forest Fishlake National Forest Manti-La Sal National Forest Dixie National Forest

4 One way the government protected natural land was through and. It began in 1872 with Wyoming s National Park. Utah now has national parks and monuments. The newest is the Grand Staircase- Escalante National Monument, established in. Natural Bridges National Monument was the national monument in Utah (1908.) National Monument was set up in U of U Professor Byron credited two Paiute Indians, Noscha Begay and his father, with the discovery of Rainbow Bridge. Earl, a geologist and fossil collector for the Carnegie Museum came to Utah to explore the Basin. He discovered a complete skeleton of a. The longest skeleton was of a diplodocus, 84 feet long. This is now Dinosaur National Monument near Vernal. Utah s first national park was established in It was names National Park. Industry Brings Progress and Problems Producing goods (about everything people needed) became big business. Shipping by was also a very important industry. One of the largest industries was. They mined copper, coal, silver, and gold. Daniel Jackling is called the Father of Utah. He developed the open-pit mining method in Ore was hauled out by. The provided jobs for thousands of workers. There were problems: a that polluted the air, damaged crops, and hurt animals. It was gas that escaped in the smoke. mining boomed as railroad lines were extended to more towns. By 1920 forty-six coal mines were in business. Oil production began in the region in Thomas and David organized the Silver King Mining Company in. This was in Today, the Kearns mansion is used as the home.

5 As mining of and increased, miners began to organize to get better and safer conditions. Coal miners in the 1920's joined the and went on strike when faced with a 30% wage reduction. Utah-born William D. was instrumental in establishing the IWW (Industrial Workers of the World) nationwide. Large mine owners and corporations fought against the. The leaders of Utah s various groups were also generally against the unions due to the that came with the strikes. Strike breakers were often beaten up and sometimes murdered. Utah s worst mine disaster killed 246 people. They were killed when the exploded. In an adjoining mine, carbon monoxide gas filled the tunnels. The company paid for a new set of burial clothes, a coffin and gave $500 to each dead miner s family. The disaster prompted a. The IWW supported Joe who fought for better working conditions. He wrote songs. Hill was arrested and executed for the murder of a Salt Lake City. Hill was executed by in 1915 and became an instant martyr and hero. Social Problems and Government Even after, some of the old problems relating to the Mormon lifestyle emerged and caused trouble. New plural marriages had ended but polygamous families married before the continued to live in polygamy as they always had. B. H., a Democrat, was elected to Congress. When he went to Washington, D.C., Congress refused to swear in Roberts because he was a. Reed was elected a senator. Ten months later, complaints against him started. They ranged from polygamy to making a union between his church and government. Finally, the Senate voted to let Smoot a senator. Reed Smoot was Utah s U.S. from 1902 to 1933.

6 They thought that since he was an of the LDS Church he must be a polygamist (he was not) and that he might not be loyal to the laws of the. Smoot fought for land, worked to set up national, and helped create the image that Utahns were loyal. Throughout the nation, reformers were dedicated to more living conditions, making life better for all Americans. People wanted the government to get. They wanted of companies causing pollution and railroads charging high shipping charges. In 1911 a group of citizens in decided to change the male-dominated town board that refused to clean up the town. A team of progressive women ran for office and won. They passed ordinances that controlled and prohibited sports on and shooting songbirds within the city limits. They were also responsible for the construction of a dike to protect the town from. Safe was a real concern. Unscrupulous businesses sometimes sold rotten or even poisoned food. Some dairies were preserving their milk with to keep it from spoiling. Progressives worked for laws that prohibited dangerous employment for and. In 1896 the -hour workday became law for certain workers. Other laws prohibited labor and set minimum wages for workers. Workmen s made money available for workers on the job. Citizens who didn t think their current government was doing enough to solve social problems organized the Party. One of the reasons Governor Banberger was elected, besides the issue, was that the Republican Party had been unwilling to deal with the issues. During his administration, worker s compensation bills were passed and regulation of railroads and public.

7 They also passed prohibition. ministers came to preach the dry gospel in Utah. Banberger promised to deliver Prohibition legislation. A national amendment was added to the U.S. Constitution in, making it illegal to, sell, or alcoholic beverages. Reasons for Prohibition: 1. Social blamed alcohol for poverty, health problems, and of the family. 2. Political Reformers believed were the backbone of corrupt politics. 3. Business owners thought drunkenness reduced and on the job. 4. Religious Leaders thought drunkenness was. Alcohol in History: 1. Ancient and the ancient tried to impose prohibition. 2. Hindu law in prohibits the use of alcohol. 3. countries have prohibition as an important part of their law today. 4. There are counties in the U.S. that are today. It is against the law to buy or sell alcohol in these counties. Simon Bamberger was born in. He was the first governor, first non- and the taking office at 71 years. War Clouds Bamberger was a. He built the Salt Lake and Ogden Railway and Lagoon resort. He established the Department of, created Public Utilities Commission, and passed a Workmen s Compensation Act. After a was intercepted proposing a German-Mexican alliance, President Wilson addressed Congress and asked for a declaration of war in. Utah residents joined the nation and planted to supply part of their own food. They supported the campaign for Mondays and Tuesdays.They also bought liberty that they could turn in after the war and get more money back than the bonds cost. U.S. wheat was needed to feed the troops in Europe AND the people over there.

8 200 thousand bushels of wheat was donated and shipped overseas. On November 11, 1918, Utah heard that the war had ended (WWI). At 11 o clock in the morning -- the eleventh of the eleventh of the eleventh -- the guns in fell silent. John Browning developed the first automatic purchased by the U.S. government. It was used during the - War and World War. In 1914 the U.S. president designated Camp as permanent maneuver grounds for the Utah National Guard. More soldiers who died in Europe died as a result of the dreaded virus than in battle. The same enemy was spreading death at. In 1918, a Utah state health officer banned all public, including church and. Streetcars limited the number of riders, business hours were, and funeral services were limited to thirty minutes and later to minutes. The Age of Jazz Today, during any given week, you can find units from the Marine Corps, Navy, and Air Force as well as personnel from the FBI and local sheriff departments at. Because of the popularity of the and the leadership course for youth groups, the camp is utilized every weekend of the. America was changing from rural to. By 1930, over half of the population lived in cities. During the 1920's--the Age of or the Twenties--cities became more important in the lives of the people. The twenties were remembered for sports, gin, flappers, short skirts and short hair, the, bathing-beauty contests and soap operas on the radio and in the newspapers. Black Americans developed Jazz and movie theaters offered many shows, including movies. Those are movies with sound.

9 Most of Utah s great artists had a hard time earning a living by. Some traveled to to study with impressionists in the 1880's and 90s. Cyrus Dallin created the Indian statue in front of the Utah State Capitol, the statue of the Angel Moroni and the Brigham Young Monument in Salt Lake City (he also created the statue of the minute man in Boston.) Mahonri created the Seagull Monument and the This is the Place Monument. Baseball teams played against each other. Football and track also. During the 1912 in Sweden, Alma became the first Utahn to receive an Olympic gold medal. It was for the high jump. Five years later Clint Larson broke Richards record of feet, inches by 3/8 of an inch. Jack Dempsey grew up in the mining towns of Colorado and Utah he was the heavy weight (boxing) champ of the 1920's. Maud May Babcock was Utah s first lady of and physical education. She was the first woman to become a full professor at the University of. families lived in two distinct worlds. ---Inside their homes where our country and history and people was about the. ---Outside their homes the American and the language symbolized their other world. Miners were usually paid than other laborers. They worked hours in dark, wet, mines. Some joined labor to help them get better wages and safer working conditions.