CHAPTER 4. The Great Encounter. American Indians Meet Explorers and Mountain Men

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1 CHAPTER 4 The Great Encounter American Indians Meet Explorers and Mountain Men

2 Introduction During 1765, when the American Revolution was starting to unfold, Spanish missionaries began crossing into Utah. Juan Riveria and his group entered Monticello and continued northward up to Moab. Some speculate they were the first non-indians to enter Utah.

3 Spanish Missionaries On 1776, Father Francisco Dominguez and Father Silverstre Escalante were young Spanish priests sent by the Spanish government to find a better route from Sante Fe to Monterey. Once arriving at Utah Lake, the priests taught the Timpanogots how to plant crops and raise livestock animals.

4 The Old Spanish Trail To avoid deep canyons and possible trouble with certain Indian groups, the Spanish Trail was created. The Spanish Trail went through Utah on its way from Santa Fe to Los Angeles. Some archaeologists predict that some parts of the trail were used by the Archaic and Fremont peoples.

5 Mountain Men The biggest group that entered Utah in the early 1800s was the mountain men. Beavers were the main reason trappers came to the West. They were hired to trap beaver by different companies. They would collect as many pelts which were the animal skin with the fur attached. Thick beaver pelts were worth $10.00 a piece.

6 Continue If a mountain man had too many furs, they would put them in a hiding place called a cache. Every summer, trappers and traders would get together and attend the planned rendezvous. Rendezvous were managed by the fur trade companies. They would dance, sing, run, jump, race, have target practice, and shout so they could get pretty wild.

7 American Indians Indians served as guides along the rivers and trails. Trappers would stay in the Indians village for the winters and some married Indian women. Some Indians did not like trappers on their land so there were conflicts between the two groups. Overall, the trappers presence in the West led to the end of the Indian lifestyles and forced them to move from their homeland.

8 Fur Trade Companies The Hudson Bay Company was the first to enter Utah. They arrived in 1820 and they followed the Bear River to Bear Lake, down to Cache Valley and into the Ogden Valley. Second was the Ashley-Henry Fur Company. They started the first supply caravan and organized 16 rendezvous. This company was the most instrumental in exploring Utah.

9 Fur Trappers Trappers were hired by a company just like a independent contractor today. Peter Skene Ogden worked for the Hudson Bay Company and was one of the first mountain men to keep a journal. The city of Ogden and the Ogden River are named for him. Jim Bridger was 20 years old when he came to Utah. He was a great storyteller and the first to discover the Great Salt Lake.

10 Fur Trappers Jedediah Smith was the first to travel across Utah s length. He showed that no rivers flowed from the Great Salt Lake to the Pacific Ocean. He is most famous for having his ear sewn back on after a grizzly bear attack him. James Beckworth was an African American trapper who was born into slavery. His father left him to escape slavery so he was adopted by the Crow Indians. He wrote a book about his life.

11 Fur Trappers Etienne Provost established Indian trading posts along the Great Salt Lake and Utah Lake. You could trade furs for cloth, knives, blankets, and moccasins. The city of Provo and the Provo River are named for him. Antoine Robidoux was a French trapper who worked with Provost. He carved his name on a rock in the Uintah Basin, where he had established a fort.

12 End of the Mountain Men The Mountain men s business ended because few beavers remained in the area AND the fashion changed from beaver hats to silk hats. The Mountain men became guides to the West, OR they returned to the eastern states, OR they stayed West and set up trading posts.

13 United States Government The U.S. Army Corps of Topographical Engineers sent explorers to the West to make more accurate maps, find new routes to California, and take notes. John C. Fremont worked for the U.S. government. He explored Utah and his maps and notes made him famous. He met his wife Jesse Benton in Washington D.C. She recorded and edited his notes of exploration.

14 Government Explorers Fremont earned the nickname the Pathfinder and contributed much valuable information of the West. Brigham Young studied his reports before deciding to bring the Saints out West. In 1849, John W. Gunnison was sent to Utah to survey the Great Salt Lake and Utah Lake. Years later, he was sent back to survey a possible route for the transcontinental railroad.

15 THE END STUDY YOUR NOTES Obituary is due Tuesday! ( ) Jeopardy will be Tuesday! Chapter 4 Test is on Wednesday!

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