2001 ANNUAL SURVEY OF

Transcription

1 2001 ANNUAL SURVEY OF AMERICAN JEWISH OPINION Conducted for the American Jewish Committee by Market Facts, Inc. November 19 - December 4, 2001 The American Jewish Committee The Jacob Blaustein Building 165 East 56th Street, New York, NY 10022

2 CONTENTS Introduction i Survey Questionnaire / Comparitive Data from AJC-Sponsored Surveys 11 Survey Questions: Subgroup Data

3 Introduction The data reported here are from the 2001 Annual Survey of American Jewish Opinion, sponsored by the American Jewish Committee, detailing the views of American Jews about a broad range of subjects. Among the topics covered in the present survey are the consequences of the September 11 terrorist attack on the United States, the Israel-Arab peace process, the attachment of American Jews to Israel, political and social issues in the United States, Jewish perceptions of anti-semitism, Jewish opinion about various countries, and Jewish identity concerns. Some of the questions appearing in the survey are new; others are drawn from previous American Jewish Committee surveys, including the Annual Surveys of American Jewish Opinion carried out in 1997, 1998, 1999, and The 2001 survey was conducted for the American Jewish Committee by Market Facts, Inc., a leading survey-research organization. Respondents were interviewed by telephone during November 19 - December 4, 2001; no interviewing took place on the Sabbath. The sample consisted of 1,015 self-identified Jewish respondents selected from the Market Facts consumer mail panel. The respondents are demographically representative of the United States adult Jewish population on a variety of measures. The margin of error for the sample as a whole is plus or minus 3 percentage points. Highlights 1. There is strong overall support (85 percent) for President Bush's handling of the war against terrorism. On the international side. 91 percent of American Jews favor military action against Afghanistan. while 69 percent support "a broader war against terrorist groups and the nations that support them." On the domestic side. 77 percent of American Jews believe that Americans "will...have to give up some of their personal freedoms in order to make the country safe from terrorist attacks." Majorities of American Jews support the following actions:

4 11 expanded undercover activities to penetrate suspected groups (92 percent); use of a national identity card (70 percent); and monitoring internet discussions in chat rooms (55 percent). In contrast, a bare majority of American Jews (50/46 percent) favor expanded government monitoring of cell phones and , while a majority oppose (66 percent) "profiling of people and searching them based on their nationality, race, or religion." 2. Eighty-five percent of American Jews views relations between Israel and the United States today as positive. At the same time, 80 percent of American Jews are "concerned" that the United States will try to pressure Israel to make concessions to the Palestinians in order to keep Arabs in the anti-terrorist coalition. Sixty-five percent of American Jews support the Sharon government's handling of relations with the Palestinian Authority. Ninety-three percent of American Jews maintain that the Palestinian Authority is not doing enough to control terrorist activity against Israel. As for Arafat himself, a majority of American Jews (71 percent) see him as opposed to peace with Israel, while close to half (44 percent) agree that Arafat is "Israel's Bin Laden." On specific issues related to the peace process, 53 percent of American Jews favor the establishment of a Palestinian state, and 44 percent believe that Israel "should be willing to compromise on the status of Jerusalem as a united city under Israeli jurisdiction." 3. With regard to national affairs, 78 percent of American Jews oppose government aid to parochial schools. A similar percentage (76 percent) oppose use of 'taxpayer funds for social service programs run by religious institutions." Asked about the number of immigrants permitted to come in the United States, 49 percent of American Jews think it should be decreased, 9 percent increased, and 39 percent left as it is now.

5 Twenty-six percent of American Jews think that anti-semitism in the United States today is a "very serious problem"; 67 percent "somewhat of a problem," and 7 percent "not a problem at all." As against this, 38 percent of American Jews think that anti-semitism "around the world" is currently a "very serious problem," 59 percent "somewhat of a problem," and 2 percent "not a problem at all." Fifty-nine percent of American Jews agree with the statement: "Virtually all positions of influence in the United States are open to Jews." American Jews see "the Religious Right" and "Moslems" as the groups most likely to be anti-semitic, with "Asians" and "Hispanics" the least likely to be anti-semitic. 5. Eighty-six percent of American Jews indicate that being Jewish is "important" in their lives. Asked about the qualities most central to their Jewish identity, American Jews most often select "being part of the Jewish people" (40 percent), "a commitment to social justice" (20 percent), and "religious observance" (14 percent). In response to the question "In your opinion, which is the greater threat to Jewish life in the United States -- intermarriage or anti-semitism," 69 percent of American Jews choose anti-semitism, 27 percent intermarriage, and 3 percent both equally.

6 AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE Survey Questionnaire 2001 Annual Survey of American Jewish Opinion (All responses in percents *) November 19 December 4, 2001 A. RESPONSE TO TERRORISM 1. Since the terrorist attacks on September 11, do you personally feel a lot less safe where you live and work, somewhat less safe, only a little less safe, or as safe as before? A lot less safe 6 Somewhat less safe 16 Only a little less safe 29 As safe as before 49 Not sure 0 2. Do you approve or disapprove of the way President George W. Bush is handling the U.S. campaign against terrorism? Approve 85 Disapprove 10 Not sure 5 3. Do you favor or oppose the United States taking direct military action in Afghanistan? Favor 91 Oppose 7 Not sure 3 4. Do you think the United States should limit its military action only to those groups or nations responsible for last month's terrorist attacks in New York and Washington, or should the United States mount a broader war against terrorist groups and the nations that support them? Limit action 25 Broader war 69 Not sure 6 5. Do you think that Americans will or will not have to give up some of their personal freedoms in order to make the country safe from terrorist attacks? Will 77 Will not 22 Not sure *Note: Due to rounding. not all items add to 100 percent

7 2 6. Here are some increased powers of investigation that law enforcement agencies might use when dealing with people suspected of terrorist activity, which would also affect our civil liberties. For each, please say if you would favor or oppose it. Not Favor Oppose sure a. Expanded undercover activities to penetrate groups under suspicion. b. Closer monitoring of banking and credit card transactions to trace funding sources. c. Adoption of a national I.D. system for all U.S. citizens. d. Expanded camera surveillance on streets and in public places. e. Law enforcement monitoring of internet discussions in chat rooms and other forums. f. Expanded government monitoring of cell phones and to intercept communications. g. Profiling of people and searching them based on their nationality, race, or religion. B. ISRAEL 7. I-low close do you feel to Israel? Very close 29 Fairly close 43 Fairly distant 21 Very distant 6 Not sure 8. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? "Caring about Israel is a very important part of my being a Jew." Agree 72 Disagree 26 ot sure

8 3 9. Looking ahead 3 to 5 years. do you see Jews in Israel and in the United States becoming closer, drifting apart, or neither? Becoming closer 30 Drifting apart 7 Neither 59 Not sure How would you characterize relations between Israel and the United States today? Are they very positive, somewhat positive, somewhat negative, or very negative? Very positive 15 Somewhat positive 70 Somewhat negative 13 Very negative Not sure 11. How concerned are you that the United States will pressure Israel to make concessions to the Palestinians in order to keep the Arab countries in the anti-terrorist coalition? Are you very concerned, somewhat concerned, or not concerned at all? Very concerned 36 Somewhat concerned 44 Not concerned at all 19 Not sure As compared with one year ago, are you now more optimistic about the chance for a lasting peace between Israel and the Arabs, less optimistic, or do you think the chance for a lasting peace is about the same as it was one year ago? More optimistic now 6 Less optimistic now 42 Same as one year ago 52 Not sure To what extent do each of the following Arab leaders support or oppose peace with Israel? Strong- Some- Some- Strongly what what ly Not support support oppose oppose sure a. President Hosni Mubarak of Egypt b. President Bashar Assad of Syria c. King Abdullah of Jordan d. Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasir Arafat

9 4 14. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? "The goal of the Arabs is not the return of occupied territories but rather the destruction of Israel." Agree 73 Disagree 23 Not sure Do you support or oppose the Israeli government's current handling of relations with Yasir Arafat's Palestinian Authority? Support 65 Oppose 26 Not sure Is Yasir Arafat's Palestinian Authority doing enough or not doing enough to control terrorist activity against Israel by Hamas and other Palestinian extremist groups? Is doing enough 4 Is not doing enough 93 Not sure Some people assert that Yasir Arafat is Israel's Bin Laden. Do you agree or disagree with this assertion? Agree 44 Disagree 50 Not sure In the current situation, do you favor or oppose the establishment of a Palestinian state? Favor 53 Oppose 39 Not sure In the framework of a permanent peace with the Palestinians, should Israel be willing to compromise on the status of Jerusalem as a united city under Israeli jurisdiction? Yes 44 No 50 Not sure 6

10 5 20. As part ofa permanent settlement with the Palestinians, should Israel be willing to dismantle all, some, or none of the Jewish settlements in the West Bank? All 9 Some 53 None 34 Not sure How much land should Israel be willing to give up on the Golan Heights in order to reach a peace agreement with Syria? Allofit 2 Most of it 4 Some of it 26 Only a small part of it 27 None of it 36 Not sure Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? "Regardless of their individual views on the peace negotiations with the Arabs, American Jews should support the policies of the duly elected government of Israel." C. NATIONAL AFFAIRS Agree 60 Disagree 36 Not sure Do you think the number of immigrants from foreign countries who are permitted to come to the United States to live should be increased a lot, increased a little, left the same as it is now, decreased a little, or decreased a lot? Increased a lot 3 Increased a little 6 Left the same as it is now 39 Decreased a little 21 Decreased a lot 28 Not sure 3

11 6 24. There are different opinions about immigrants from other countries living in America. How much do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? Neither Dis- Agree agree agree Strong- nor dis- Dis- strong- Not ly Agree agree agree ly sure a. "Immigrants increase crime rates." b. "Immigrants are generally good for America's economy." c. "Immigrants take jobs away from people who were born in America." d. "Immigrants make America more open to new ideas and cultures." Which do you think is better for the United States to encourage immigrants to blend into American culture by giving up some important aspects of their own culture, or to encourage immigrants to maintain their own culture more strongly, even if that means they do not blend in as well? Blend in 59 Maintain own culture 3 1 Both 6 Not sure Do you think that the government should or should not provide taxpayer funds for social service programs run by religious institutions, such as churches or synagogues? Should 22 Should not 76 Not sure 27. Do you favor or oppose government aid to parochial or other religious schools? Favor 21 Oppose 78 Not sure

12 7 28. I'm going to read you a list of political views that people might hold. They are arranged from extremely liberal to extremely conservative. Where would you place yourself on this scale? Extremely liberal 3 Liberal 21 Slightly liberal 18 Moderate, middle of the road 32 Slightly conservative 12 Conservative 11 Extremely conservative 2 Not sure 2 D. INTERNATIONAL JEWISH ISSUES would like your opinion of some countries today. Is your overall opinion of (INSERT COUNTRY) very favorable, somewhat favorable, neutral, somewhat unfavorable, or very unfavorable? Some- Some- Very what what Very favor- favor- Neu- unfavor- unfavor- Not able able tral able able sure a. Iran b. Australia c. SaudiArabia d. Germany e. Jordan f. Egypt g. Great Britain h. Pakistan I. Russia j. France k. The Vatican II I. Syria m. Turkey n. India o. China Is your opinion of the United Nations very favorable, somewhat favorable, neutral, somewhat unfavorable, or very unfavorable? Very favorable 1 9 Somewhat favorable 37 Neutral 23 Somewhat unfavorable 12 Very unfavorable 8 Not sure 0

13 8 E. JEWISH IDENTITY 3 1. I-low important would you say being Jewish is in your own life? Very important 48 Fairly important 38 Not very important 14 32, Which one of the following qualities do you consider most important to your Jewish identity? Being part of the Jewish people 40 Religious observance 14 Support for Israel 5 A commitment to social justice 20 Something else 21 Not sure 33. Do you think of yourself as... Orthodox 7 Conservative 29 Reconstructionist 2 Reform 29 Just Jewish In your opinion, which is a greater threat to Jewish life in the United States today--intermarriage or anti-semitism? F. ANTI-SEMITISM Intermarriage 27 Anti-Semitism 69 Both equally (Vol.) 3 Not sure 35. Do you think that anti-semitism in the United States is currently a very serious problem, somewhat of a problem, or not a problem at all? Very serious problem 26 Somewhat of a problem 67 Not a problem at all 7 Not sure 0

14 9 36. Looking ahead over the next several years, do you think that anti- Semitism in the United States will increase greatly, increase somewhat, remain the same, decrease somewhat, or decrease greatly? Increase greatly 6 Increase somewhat 33 Remain the same 48 Decrease somewhat 10 Decrease greatly Not sure In your opinion, what proportion of each of the following groups in the United States is anti-semitic most, many, some, very few, or none? Very Not Most Many Some few None sure a. Asians b. Moslems c. Hispanics d. Blacks e. The Religious Right f. Catholics g. Mainstream Protestants h. Fundamentalist Protestants i. Arab Americans Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? "Virtually all positions of influence in the United States are open to Jews." Agree 59 Disagree 40 Not sure 39. Do you think that anti-semitism around the world is currently a very serious problem, somewhat of a problem, or not a problem at all? Ver serious problem 38 Somewhat of a problem 59 Not a problem at all Not sure 0

15 Looking ahead over the next several years, do you think that anti- Semitism around the world will increase greatly, increase somewhat, remain the same, decrease somewhat, or decrease greatly? G. PERSONAL DATA Increase greatly 9 Increase somewhat 38 Remain the same 44 Decrease somewhat 7 Decrease greatly Not sure Are you currently married? Yes 60 No (IF YES IN Q.41, ASK:) Is your spouse Jewish? Yes spouse Jewish 72 No spouse not Jewish Do you have any children? Yes 79 No (IF YES IN Q.43, ASK) Are any of your children married? Yes 52 No (IF YES IN Q.44, ASK:) Do any of your children have a spouse who is not Jewish? Yes 68 No What is your age as of your last birthday? Under or over 23

16 11 AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE Comparative Data from AJC-Sponsored Surveys I. How close do you feel to Israel? Very close Fairly close Fairly distant Very distant Notsure Caring about Israel is a very important part of my being a Jew. Agree ** Disagree ** Notsure ** 3. Looking ahead 3 to 5 years, do you see Jews in Israel and in the United States becoming closer, drifting apart, or neither? Becomingcloser Drifting apart Neither Notsure How would you characterize relations between Israel and the United States today? Are they very positive, somewhat positive, somewhat negative, or very negative? Very positive Somewhat positive Somewhat negative Very negative Notsure In the framework of a permanent peace with the Palestinians, should Israel be willing to compromise on the status of Jerusalem as a united city under Israeli jurisdiction? Yes ** No ** ** Notsure The goal of the Arabs is not the return of occupied territories but rather the destruction of Israel. Auree Disagree Not sure ** ** **

17 As part of a permanent settlement with the Palestinians, should Israel be willing to dismantle all, some, or none of the Jewish settlements in the West Bank? All 9 ** 5 5** Some 53 ** ** None 34 ** ** Not sure 4 ** 2 3 ** 8. How much land should Israel be willing to give up on the Golan Heights in order to reach a peace agreement with Syria? All of it 2 ** 2 2 ** Mostofit 4 ** 4 3 ** Some of it ** Onlyasmallpartofit 27 ** ** None of it 36 ** Notsure 5 ** 2 3 ** 9. Given the current situation, do you favor or oppose the establishment of a Palestinian state? Favor ** Oppose 39 ** ** Not sure 8 ** 9 9 ** 10. Is the Palestinian Authority (PLO) doing enough or not doing enough to control terrorist activity against Israel by Hamas and other Palestinian extremist groups? Is doing enough ** lsnotdoingenough 93 ** ** Notsure 4 ** 4 3 ** ii. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? "Regardless of their individual views on the peace negotiations with the Arabs, American Jews should support the policies of the duly elected government of Israel." Agree ** 55 Disagree ** ** 42 Not sure 6 7 ** ** Do you favor or oppose government aid to parochial or other religious schools? Favor ** 32 Oppose ** 63 Notsure ** 5

18 I'm going to read you a list of political views that people might hold. They are arranged from extremely liberal to extremely conservative. Where would you place yourself on this scale? Extremely liberal Liberal Slightly liberal Moderate, middle of the road Slightly conservative Conservative Extremely conservative Not sure 3 4 ** ** ** ** ** Il 8 ** ** ** Do you think the number of immigrants from foreign countries who are permitted to come to the United States to live should be increased a lot, increased a little, left the same as it is now, decreased a little, or decreased a lot? Increased a lot Increased a little Left the same as it is now Decreased a little Decreased a lot Not sure ** ** ** ** ** ** Is your opinion of the United Nations very favorable, somewhat favorable, neutral, somewhat unfavorable, or very favorable? Very favorable Somewhat favorable Neutral Somewhat unfavorable Very unfavorable Not sure 16. How important would you say being Jewish is in your own life? ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **** ** ** Very important Fairly important Not verv important Which one of the following qualities do you consider most important to your Jewish dent ity? Being part of the Jewish people Religious observance Support for Israel A commitment to social justice Something else Not sure IS ! I

19 l99r Do you think of yourself as. Orthodox Conservative Reconstruction ist Reform Just Jewish In your opinion, which is a greater threat to Jewish life in the United intermarriage or anti-semitism? States today Intermarriage Anti-Semitism Both equally (Vol.) Not sure Do you think that anti-semitism in the United States is currently a very serious problem, somewhat of a problem, or not a problem at all? Very serious problem Somewhat of a problem Not a problem at all Not sure Looking ahead over the next several years, do you think that anti-semitism in the United States will increase greatly, increase somewhat, remain the same, decrease somewhat, or decrease greatly? Increase greatly Increase somewhat Remain the same Decrease somewhat Decrease greatly Not sure I I I I I Virtually all positions of influence in the United States are open to Jews. Agree Disagree Not sure

20 '5 AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE Survey Questions November 19 - December Subgroup Data Table I "Since the terrorist attacks on September II, do you personally feel a lot less safe where you live and work, somewhat less safe, only a little less safe, or as safe as before?" (in percents) Some- Only a A lot what little As safe Not Subgroup less safe less safe less safe as before sure Total Male Female Under <$30, $30,000-49, $50,000-74, $ Highschoolorless Some college 7 IS Four years of college higher education Politcal Views Liberal 5 IS Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative 6 IS Reform Just Jewish 5 IS Marital Status (ii married) Spouse Je ish Spouse not Jewish Importance of' Being Jewish Ver important Fairl lot very important 4 IS 28 S3 0 Veryclose II FairI' close Fairk/v cry distant

21 16 Table 2 "Do you approve or disapprove of the way President George W. Bush is handling the U.S. campaign against terrorism?" (in percents) Dis- Not Subgroup Approve approve sure Total Male Female 83 II 6 Under40 85 II to 8 <S S30,000-49, $50,000-74, S ' High school or less Some college Four years of college 84 II 5 higher education 85 II 4 Liberal Moderate Conservative 90 s 5 Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Je ish Very important Fairly/not 'er important 84 II 6 Very close Fairly close Fairlv/er distant

22 I Table 3 "Do you favor or oppose the United States taking direct military action in Afghanistan?" (in percents) Subgroup Favor Oppo5e Not Sure Total Male Female Under <$30,000 $30,000-49,999 $50,000-74,999 $75,000+ High school or less Some cohege Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jeish Importance of Being Jewish Very important Fairly/not very important Very close Fairly close Fairlv'erv distant II

23 /8 Table 4 "Do you think the United States should limit its military action only to those groups or nations responsible for las month's terrorist attacks in New York and Washington, or should the United States mount a broader war against terrorist groups and the nations that support them?" (in percents) Limit Broader Not Subgroup action war sure Total Male Female Under <$30, $30,000-49, S50,000-74, S75, High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married( Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Jewish Very important 23 7! 6 Fairly/not ver\ important Very close Fairly close Fairk!ver distant

24 '9 Table 5 "Do you think that Americans will or will not have to give up some of their personal freedoms in order to make the country safe from terrorist attacks?" (in percents) Subgroup Not Will Will Not sure Total Male Female Under <$30, $ $50,000-74, $ High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform I Just Jewish Marital Status if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Je%% ish Ver important Fairly/not very important CtD Vyc

25 20 Table 6 "Here are some increased powers of investigation that law enforcement agencies might use when dealing with people suspected of terrorist activity, which would also affect our civil liberties. For each, please say if you favor or oppose: expanded undercover activities to penetrate groups under suspicion." (in percents) Not Subgroup Favor Oppose sure Total Male 94 5 Female Under <$30, $30,000-49, $50, $ High school or less 91 9 Some college Four years of college higher education 93 6 I Liberal Moderate 94 5 Conservative 95 4 Orthodox Conservative 94 I Reform Just Jeish Marital Status (it married) Spouse Jewish 94 6 Spouse not Jewish 94 S Importance ot' Being Jewish Very important 92 7 Fairly/not ers important Ver close 93 6 Fairl close 92 7 Fairlvivery distant

26 2/ Table 7 "Here are some increased powers of investigation that law enforcement agencies might use when dealing with people suspected of terrorist activity, which would also affect our civil liberties. For each, please say if you favor or oppose: closer monitoring of banking and credit card transactions to trace funding sources." (in percents) Not Subgroup Favor Oppose sure Total Male Female Under <$30, $30, $50, $75, High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jeush Marital Status tif married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Je% ish 8)) 16 4 Importance of Being Jewish Very important Fairl/not very important 76 2 I 3 Ve close FairI close l:1irl\ \er\ distant

27 Table 8 "Here are some increased powers of investigation that law enforcement agencies might use when dealing with people suspected of terrorist activity, which would also affect our civil liberties. For each, please say if you favor or oppose: adoption of a national l.d. system for all U.S. citizens." (in percents) Not Subgroup Fivor Oppose sure Total Male Female Under <$30, S30,000-49, S50, S75,000± High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish 7) 26 3 Spouse not Je.ish Importance of Being Jewish Very important Fairly/not ver important Very close Fairly close Fairl/er distant

28 23 Table 9 "Here are some increased powers of investigation that law enforcement agencies might use when dealing with people suspected of terrorist activity, which would also affect our civil liberties. For each, please say if you favor or oppose: expanded camera surveillance on streets and in public places." (in percents) Not Subgroup Favor Oppose sure Total Male Female Under <$30, $30,000-49, $50,000-74, $75, High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jeish Marital Status if marricd Spouse Jeish Spouse not Jeish Importance of Being Je ish Ver important 66 3! 3 Fairlinot very important Ver close FatrI close FairI erv distant 66 33

29 24 Table 10 "Here are some increased powers of investigation that law enforcement agencies might use when dealing with people suspected of terrorist activity, which would also affect our civil liberties. For each, please say if you favor or oppose: law enforcement monitoring of Internet discussions in chat rooms and other forums." (in percents) Not Subgroup Favor Oppose sure Total Male Female Under <$30, ,000-49, ,000-74, , High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education 5! 45 4 Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Jesish Ver important Fairlyinot very important Very close Fairly close SC) 47 3 Fairlvser distant

30 25 Table II "Here are some increased powers of investigation that law enforcement agencies might use when dealing with people suspected of terrorist activity, which would also affect our civil liberties. For each, please say if you favor or oppose: expanded government monitoring of cell phones and s to intercept communication." (in percents) Not Subgroup Favor Oppose sure Total Male Female Under <$30, $30,000-49, $50,000-74, $75, High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Relbrm Just.kwish Marital Status (if marricd) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Je ish Importance of Being Je ish Ver important Fairl not er important Very close Faith close Fairl/er distant

31 26 Table 12 "Here are some increased powers of investigation that law enforcement agencies might use when dealing with people suspected of terrorist activity, which would also affect our civil liberties. For each, please say if you favor or oppose: profiling of people and searching them based on their nationality, race, or religion." (in percents) Not Subgroup Favor Oppose sure Total Male Female Under <$ $30, $50, S75,000± High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodo, Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish 4! 57 2 Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Jewish Very important Fairl 'not ery important Closeness to lsraet Very close 38 6! Fairly close Fairlvery distant

32 Table 13 "How close do you feel to Israel?" (in percents) Very Fairly Fairly Very Not Subgroup close close distant distant sure Total Male Female Under4O II I <$30, I S30,000-49, S50,000-74, I $75, I High school or less I Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative I Orthodox Conservative Reform Justiewish II Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish I Spouse not Jewish Importance ol Being Jewish Ver important 41( Fairlv'not ver important Lloseness to Israel Very close too Fairly close 0 I 01) lairiver distant

33 28 Table 14 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? "Caring about Israel is a very important part of my being a Jew." (in per- Not Subgroup Agree Disagree sure Total Male Female Under <$30, $30,000-49, $50,000-74, $75, High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative 87 II 2 Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jeish Spouse not Je',%ish Importance of Being Je ish Ver important Fairly/not vers important Very close Fairly close Fairl/vers distant

34 29 Table 15 "Looking ahead 3 to 5 years, do you see Jews in Israel and in the United States becoming closeing, drifting apart, or neither?" (in percents) Becoming Drifting Not Subgroup closer apart Neither sure Total Male Female Under <$30, S30, $50,000-74, $75000± High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox SI I 4! 6 Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jewish Importancc of Being Jewish \'er\ important Fairly/not er important Very close Faith close Fairl ery distant

35 30 Table 16 "How would you characterize relations between Israel and the United States today? Are they very positive, somewhat positive, somewhat negative, or very negative?" (in percents) Subgroup %eiv positive Somewhat positive Somewhat negative Very negative Not sure Total I Male I Female I 1 Under II I I I <$30, ,000-49, I 2 50,000-74, I 75, II 0 1 High school or less I Some college I I Four years of college I higher education Liberal I Moderate I 2 Conservative I 0 Orthodox Conservative Reform II I Just Jewish I 2 Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish I Spouse not Jewish IS I lmponanc of Being Jewish Very important I Fatrlvmot er Important I Ver close IS Fairly close II I Faith er' distant

36 31 Table 17 "How concerned are you that the United States will pressure Israel to make concessions to the Palestinians in order to keep the Arab countries in the anti-terrorism coalition? Are you very concerned, somewhat concerend, or not concerned at all?" (in percents) Not ery Somewhat concerned Not Subgroup concerned concerned at all sure Total I Male Female Under <$30, $30,000-49, S50,000-74, I $75, High school or less Some college I Four years of college higher education Liberal I Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform I Just Jewish Marital Status (it married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Jewish Ver important Fairly/not er\ important Vers close O Fairl close I Fairl'er distant

37 32 Table 18 "As compared with one year ago, are you more optimistic about the chance for a lasting peace between Israel and the Arabs, less optimistic, or do you think the chance for a lasting peace is about the same as it was one year ago?" (in percents) Iore Less Same as optimistic optimistic one year Not Subgroup now now ago sure Total Male Female Under <$30,000 $30,000-49,999 $50,000-74,999 S75,000+ High school or less Some college Four years of college Five or more 'ears of higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Siatus if married) Spouse Je sb Spouse not le ish Importance of Being Jewish Very important Fairlv'not er important \er close Fairl close l:airl\ er distant I !

38 33 Table 19 "To what extent do each of the following Arab leaders support or oppose peace with Israel? President Hosni Mubarak of Egypt" (in percents) Strongly Somewhat Somewhat Strongly Not Subgroup support support oppose oppose sure Total Male Female Under IS II <S30, ,000-49,999 II ,000-74, , Highschoolorless Some college Four years of college II higher education Liberal II Moderate IX Conservatie II Orthodox II Conservative II Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (itmarned) Spouse Jeish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Ie tsh Very important ( Fairlnot erv important Ver close II FairI close IS Faid erv distant

39 34 Table 20 "To what extent do each of the following Arab leaders support or oppose peace with Israel? President BasharAssad of Syria" (in percents) Subgroup Strongly support Somewhat support Somewhat Strongly Not O!OSC oppose sure Total Male Female Under <$30000 S30,000-49,999 S5000O-74,999 S75,000+ High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Jewish Very Important Fairl not very important Very close Fairl close Fairlver distant Il I II ' II IS II IS

40 35 Table 21 "To what extent pose peace with do each of the following Arab leaders support or oppercents) Israel? King Abdullah of Jordan" (in Subgroup Strongly support Somewhat support Somewhat Strongly Not oppose oppose sure Total Male Female Under <$30,000 S30,000-49,999 S50,000-74,999 S75,000+ I-ugh school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not.leish Importance of Being Je ish Ver important Fairly/not er important Very close Fairly close Fairl ' cry distant IS II IS 33 II II II II II II

41 36 Table 22 "To what extent do each of the following Arab leaders support or oppose peace with Israel? PLO Chairman Yasir Arafat" (in percents) Strongly Somewhit Somewhat Strongly Not Subgroup support support oppose sure Total 2 21 Male Female Under <$30,000 S30,000-49,999 $50,000-74,999 S75,000+ High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being.Je ish Very important l:airl ff01 er important Very close Fairly close Fairlyiverv distant ! ! ! IS 3 26 I) ! 44 2! I II

42 37 Table 23 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? "The goal of the Arabs is not the return of occupied territories but rather the destruction of Israel." (in percents) Not Subgroup Agree Disagree sure Total Male Female Under <$ $30,000-49, $50,000-74, $75, High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married( Spouse Je%ish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Je ish Ver\ important 16 4 Fairl. not er important 29 5 Very close Fairl close Fairl er distant

43 38 Table 24 "Do you support or oppose the Israeli government's current handling of relations with Yasir Arafat's Palestinian Authority?" (in percents) Not Subgroup Support Oppose Sure Total Male Female II Under <$30, $30,000-49, II S50, $75, High school or less Some college Four years of college II higher education Liberal Moderate I Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Jewish Ver important Fain not er\ important II Very close Fairly close Fairlv/erv distant

44 39 Table 25 "Is Yasir Arafat's Palestinian Authority doing enough or not doing enough to control terrorist activity against Israel by Hamas and other Palestinian extremist groups?" (in percents) Is not Is doing doing Not Subgroup enough enough sure Total Male Female Under <$30,000 $30, $50,000-74,999 $ High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jeish Importance of Being Jewish Very important Fatrl 'not ver important Ver close FairI close Fairl 'very distant

45 40 Table 26 "Some people assert that Yasir Arafat is Israel's Bin Laden. Do you agree or disagree with this assertion?" (in percents) Not Subgroup Agree Disagree sure Total Male Female Under <S30, ,000-49, ,000-74, , High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Jewish Very important Fairly/not very important Ver close Faith close Fairly/very distant

46 4' Table 27 "In the current situa tion, do you favor or oppose the establishm ent of a Palestinian state?" (in percents) Not Subgroup Favor Oppose sure Total Male Female to Under <$30, $30,000-49, $50, $75, High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not iev sh Importance of Being Jewish Very important IalrlV/not very Important Ve close 43 5! 6 FairI close Fairly/very distant

47 42 Table 28 "In the framework of a permanent peace with the Palestinians, should Israel be willing to corn promise on the status of J erusalem as a united city under Israeli jurisdiction?" (in percents) Subgroup Total Male Female Under <$30, S , $50,000-74, $75,000-' High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservatie Orthodox I Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Jewish Ver importani Fairlvnot ver' Important Ver close Fairls close Fairl,er distant s No Not sure

48 43 Table 29 "As part of a permanent settlement with the Palestiniams, should Israel be willing to dismantle all, some, or none of the Jewish settlements in the West Bank?" (in percents) Not Subgroup All Some None sure Total Male II Female Under <S30, S , S S75,000- II High school or less II II Some college Four years of college higher education II Liberal Moderate 8 5! 37 4 Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform ! 4 Just Jewish Marital Status if married) Spouse.Ieish Spouse not Jewish II SI 35 4 Importance of Being Jeish Very important Fairh'not er important (IosefleSS to Israel Ver close Fairl close ! 3 Fairlyvery distant

49 44 Table 30 "How much land should Israel be willing to give up on the Golan Heights in order to reach a peace agreement with Syria?" (in percents) Onl a small All Most Some part None Not Subgroup ofit alit alit out ofit sure Total Male Female Under <$30,000 $30,000-49,999 S50,000-74,999 $75,000+ High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jeish Importance of Being Je%ish Very Important Fairl 'not very important Ver close Fairly close Fairly/very distant I I

50 45 Table 31 "Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? "Regardless of their individual views on the peace negotiations with the Arabs, American Jews should support the policies of the duly elected government of Israel." (in percents) Not Subgroup Agree Disagree sure Total Male Female Under ! 6 <$30, $ , $ , S75, High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jewish Importance ot Being Jewish Very important Fairly not er important 4! 5 Very close 7! 25 4 Fairl close Fairlv'very distant

51 46 Table 32 "Do you think the number of immigrants from foreign countries who are permitted to come to the United States to live should be increased a lot, increased a little, left the same as it is now, decreased a little, or decreased a lot?" (in percents) In- In- Left the Dc- Decreased creased same as creased creased Not Subgroup a lot a little it is now a little a lot sure Total Male Female Under I <S30, S30,000-49, $50,000-74, S75, High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orihodox Conservative 3 Reform Just ieish 3 Marital Status (it married) Spouse Je% ish 3 Spouse not Je ish 2 Importance of Being Jewish Ver\' important 3 Fairly/not very Important 3 Ver close 3 Fairl close 3 Fairlv/er distant )) )

52 4- Table 33 "There are different opinions about immigrants from other countries living in America. How much do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? immigrants increase crime rates." (in percents) Agree Neither Dis- Strong- agree nor Dis- agree Not Subgroup ly Agree disagree agree strongly sure Total Male Female IS 2 Under I I <$30, IS 4 S30,000-49,999 I $50,000-74, II I $75, I High school or less II 5 Some college Four years of college higher education I Liberal I Moderate II 2 Conservative I Orthodox Conservative Reform 2 IS I Just Jewish Marital Status (if married SpouseJesish Il 2 Spouse not Jet'. ish (6 2 Importance of Being Je ish Very Important 3 I Fairly/not er important I Very close Fairly close Faith/very distant I

53 48 Table 34 "There are different opinions about immigrants from other countries living in America. How much do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? Immigrants are generally good for America's economy." (in percents) Agree Neither Dis- Strong- agree nor Dig- agree Not Subgroup ly Agree disagree agree strongly sure Total I Male I Female I Under <$30, IS ,000-49, I 50,000-74, I 75, IS High school or less I Some college Four years of college I higher education I Liberal II 2 I Moderate II IS 5 I Conservative I Orthodox II Conservative IS 14 4 I Reform Just Jewish I Marital Status (if married) SpouseJewish I Spouse not Jewish IS IS 5 I Importance of Being Jeish Verv Important IS 3 I Fairlv'not er important I Ver close I Faith close Fairlv/'.erv distant

54 49 Table 35 "There are different opinions about immigrants from other countries living in America. How much do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? Immigrants take jobs away from people who were born in America." (in percents) Agree Neither Dis- Strong- agree nor Dis- agree Not Subgroup iy Agree disagree agree strongly sure Total I Male 7 21 II I Female Under <$30, I $30, $50,000-74, $75,000± 5 19 IS I High school or less I Some college I Four years of college higher education Liberal I Moderate II Conservative Orthodox I Conservative Reform I Just Jeish Marital Status if married) Spouse Jev.ish I Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Jewish Very important IS 0 Fairlrnot erv important I Very close I Fairly close Fairl 'ver distant

55 50 Table 36 "There are different opinions about immigrants from other countries living in America. How much do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? Immigrants make America more open to new ideas and cultures." (in percents) Agree Neither Dis- Strong- agree nor Dis- agree Not Subgroup ly Agree disagree agree strongly sure Total I 0 Male Female I I Under I <$30, $30,000-49, II 7 I 0 $50,000-74, I I $75,000± I 0 High school or less Some college Four years of college Five or more ears of higher education I Liberal I C) Moderate to 2 0 Conservative Orthodox Conservative I 0 Reform JustJesish II I 0 Marital Status (if mamedy Spouse.Jeish I Spouse not.teish I 0 Importance of Being Je\% ish Very Important I 0 Fairly/not very important I 0 Very close Faith close I Fairly/very distant I I 2 0

56 51 Table 37 "Which do you think is better for the United States - to encourage immigrants to blend into American cultrue by givin up some important aspects of their own culture, or to encourae immigrants to maintain their own culture more strongly, even if that means they do not blend in as well?" (in percents) Maintain Not Subgroup Blend in own culture Both sure Total Male Female Under <$30, $30,000-49, $50,000-74, $75, High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox 4! Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jev.ish Spouse not.1ev. ish Importance of Being Jewish Ver important Fairl,not erv important Very close FairI close Fairlv!verv distant

57 52 Table 38 "Do you think that the government should or should not provide tanpayer funds for social service programs run by religious institutions, such as churches or synagogues?" (in percents) Should Not Subgroup Should Not sure Total Male Female Under I <$30, S30,000-49, $50,000-74, S75, High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal IS 84 Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Jewish Very important Fairly/not ver' important Very close Fairly close Fairl/ery distant

58 53 Table 39 "Do you favor or oppose government aid to parochial or other religious schools?" (in percents) Not Subgroup Favor Oppose sure Total Male Female Under <$30,000 $ ,999 $50,000-74,999 $75,000+ High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jevish Importance of Being Jewish Very important Fairly/not very important Very close I:airl close FairI',ierv distant ! IS IS !

59 54 Table 40 "I'm going to read you a list of political views that people might hold. They are arranged from extremely liberal to extremely conservative. Where would you place yourself on this scale?" (in percents) Moderate, middle of Not Subgroup Liberal the road Conserative sure Total Male Female Under <$30, S30,000-49, $50,000-74, $75, High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate 0 lou 0 0 Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish I Spouse not Je'.tsh Importance of Being.Ie ish Very important Fairly/not very important \cr close Fairly close Fairly very distant Note fhe liberal colum is ihe total ofextremel liberal, liberal, and slightly liberal. The conservative column is the total of slightly conservative. conservative, and extremely conservative,

60 Table 41 "Is your overallopinion of Iran very favorable, somewhat favorable, neutral, somewhat unfavorable, or very unfavorable?" (in percents) Somewhawhat Ve Some- Very favor- favor- Neu- unfavor- unfavor- Not Subgroup able able tral able able sure Total I 3 9 3! 55 Male Female Under4O I I <$30,000 I ,000-49,999 I 2 II ,000-74,999 I , High school or less Some college 0 4 II Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate I Conservative I Orthodox I 3 I Conservative Retbrm Just Jewish I 3 II Marital Status tif married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Je ish Very important Fairk not ver Important I 4 II C'loseness to Israel Ver', close Fairly close ( Fairly ver distant I

61 56 Table 42 "Is your overall opinion of Australia very favorable, somewhat favorable, neutral, somewhat unfavorable, or very unfavorable?" (in percents) Very Somewhat Somewhat Very favor- favor- Neu- unfavor- unfavor- Not Subgroup able able tral able able cure Total I I 2 Male Female Under <$30,000 $30,000-49,999 $50,000-74, 999 $ High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish \Ijrital Status (if married) Spouse Je ish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Je ish Very important Faith not er important Ver close IairIs close Faith er\ distant I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I IS 2 I I I I I I I I IS I I I I I

62 Table 43 "Is your overall opinion of Saudi Arabia very favorable, somewhat favorable, neutral, somewhat unfavorable, or very unfavorable?" (in percents) Some- Some- Very what what Very favor- favor- Neu- unfavor- unfavor- Not Subgroup able able tral able able sure Total I II Male Female I Under I <$30, $30,000-49,999 I $50,000-74, $75,000+ I II High school or less Some college Four years of college 2 Il higher education I Liberal I Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative I Reform Just Jewish I Marital Status (if married SpouseJewish II IS Spouse not Jevish 2 IS Importance of Beiii Jewish Very important 2 II I Fairl\ not er Important I II Very close I I FairI close I Fairl er distant 3 9 2! 44 2 I 3

63 58 Table 44 "Is your overall opinion of Germany very favorable, somewhat favorable, neutral, somewhat unfavorable, or very unfavorable?" (in percents) Very Somewhat Somewhat Very favor- favor- Neu- unfavor- unfavor- Not Subgroup able able frau able able sure Total Male Female Under <$30, ,000-49, ,000-74, ,000+ High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Poliucal Views Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (It married Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Jewish Ver important FairI 'not er Important Ver close Fairly close Fairly er distant Il II II IS II IS II II 6 2 IS I IS

64 59 Subgroup Table 45 "Is your overall opinion of Jordan very favorable, somewhat favorable, neutral, somewhat unfavorable, or very unfavorable?" (in percents) Some- Some- Very what what Very favor- favor- Neu- unfavor- unfavor- Not able able tral able able sure Total Male Female Under <$30000 $30,000-49,999 S ,999 $ High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jeish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Je ish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Je sh Very important Fairl not. er important 'ver\ close Fatrl close Fairl er\ distant ) II 2 II II

65 60 Table 46 "Is your overall opinion of Egypt very favorable, somewhat favorable, neutral, somewhat unfavorable, or very unfavorable?" (in percents) Very Somewhat Somewhat Very favor- favor- Neu- unfavor- unfavor- Not Subgroup able able tral able able sure Total Male Female Under <$30,000 $30,000-49,999 $50,000-74,999 S75,000+ High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (i married) Spouse Je ish Spouse not,pewish Importance 01' Being ies ish Very important Fairly/not very important Very close Fairly close Fairly /verv distant I I 27 Il 2 23 II I I II

66 61 Table 47 "Is your overall opinion of Great Britain very favorable, somewhat favorable, neutral, somewhat unfavorable, or very unfavorable?" (in percents) Some- Some- %'cry what what ery favor- favor- Neu- unfavor- unfavor- Not Subgroup able able tral able able sure Total I I I Male I I Female I Under I I I I I <$30, I 0 $ , I 2 I $50, I 2 I $ I I 0 High school or less I 2 Some college I 0 Four years of college higher education I I 0 Liberal I 0 Moderate I I I Conservative Orthodox Conservative I 0 Reform I I Just Jewish I I I Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish I I Spouse not Jeish 6! I 2 Importance of Being Jewish Ver important I I I FairI/not ver important I I 0 Very close I I 0 Fairly close I I Fairly/very distant I

67 62 Table 48 "Is your overall opinion of Pakistan very favorable, somewhat favorable, neutral, somewhat unfavorable, or very unfavorable?" (in percents) Some- Some- Very what what Very favor- favor- Neu- unfavor- unfavor- Not Subgroup able able tral able able sure Total Male I Female 2 IS I Under I <S30, ,000-49, ,000-74,999 I ,000+ I High school or less Some college I I Four years of college highereducation I Liberal I Moderate I Conservative Orthodox Conservatise I Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (it' married( Spouse Jeish I I Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Jewish Very important Fairl not very important \er close Fairl close I Fairlier'. distant 2 IS

68 63 Table 49 "Is your overall opinion of Russia very favorable, somewhat favorable, neutral, somewhat unfavorable, or very unfavorable?" (in percents) Some- Someery what what Very favor- favor- Neu- unfavor- unfavor- Not Subgroup able able tral able able sure Total Male II 2 Female Under4O II II <$30, $30,000-49, II 2 $50, $75, I I I-ugh school or less Some college I Four years of college l2 2 2 higher education II I 0 Liberal II I I Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform I 1 Just Jewish II 2 I Marital Status (if married( Spouse Jev.ish I Spouse not Jetsh Importance of Being Jewish Ver important I Fairly/not very important II 2 Very close Fairl close 5 4b 35 2 I lairi!er distant I

69 64 Table 50 "Is your overall opinion of France very favorable, somewhat favorable, neutral, somewhat unfavorable, or very unfavorable?" (in percents) Somehawhat Very Some- %ery favor- favor- Neu- unfavor- unfavor- Not Subgroup able able tral able able sure Total Male Female Under <S30,000 $30,000-49,999 S50,000-74,999 $75,000+ High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jeish Importance of Being.Ies ish Ver Important Fairl not ver important Very close Fairl close Fa,rlv'verv distant II IS IS II 3 I IS IS Il I I I

70 65 Table 51 "Is your overall opinion of the Vatican very favorable, somewhat favorable, neutral, somewhat unfavorable, or very unfavorable?" (in percents) Very Somewhat Somewhat Very favor- favor- Neu- unfavor- unfavor- Not Subgroup able able tral able able sure Total II IS 5 2 Male Female II Under <$30, II 4 3 $30,000-49, $50,000-74, S75, High school or less Some college Four years of college II higher education Liberal I Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform II Just Jewish Marital Status ( it' married) Spouse Jewish g SpousenotJevish II 5 3 Importance of Being ish Very important Il Fairlinot er important II ('loseness to Israel Veryclose ! 7 2 Fairl close Fairl er distant

71 66 Table 52 "Is your overall opinion of Syria very favorable, somewhat favorable, neutral, somewhat unfavorable, or very unfavorable?" (in percents) Some- Some- Very what what Very favor- favor- Neu- unfavor- unfavor- Not Subgroup able able tral able able sure Total I Male Female I Under I I 5 II <$30, ,000-49, ,000-74, , High school or less Some college I Four years of college higher education 0 5 II I Liberal I I Moderate Conservative Orthodox I Conservative I Reform lust Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jeish I Spouse not Jewish Importance of' Being Jewish Very important I Faith/not er important I Very close I ! Fairly close ! FairI er distani I S 27 4! 23 3

72 6 Table 53 "Is your overall opinion of Turkey very favorable, somewhat favorable, neutral, somewhat unfavorable, or very unfavorable?" (in percents) Very Somewhat Somewhat Verv favor- favor- Neu- unfavor- unfavor- Not Subgroup able able tral able able sure Total Male Female Under <$30000 $30,000-49,999 $ ,999 $75,000+ High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if niarried Spouse.lesish Spouse not Jesish Importance of Being.Jes% ish Ver important Fairl not very important Very close Fairk close FairI very distant Il I IS

73 68 Table 54 "h your overall opinion of India very favorable, somewhat favorable, neutral, somewhat unfavorable, or very unfavorable?" (in percents) Some- Some- Very what what Very favor- favor- Neu- unfavor- unfavor- Not Subgroup able able tral able able sure Total Male Female Under <$30,000 $ $5 0,000-74,999 S75,000+ High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (it married) Spouse ieish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Jewish Very important Fairly/not very important Very close Fairly close Fairlviver distant ( IS 3 I Il I I IS IS

74 69 Table 55 "Is your overall opinion of the China very favorable, somewhat favorable, neutral, somewhat unfavorable, or very unfavorable?" (in percents) Some- Some- %'ery what what Very favor- favor- Neu- unfavor- unlavor- Not Subgroup able able tral able able sure Total Male Female Under I I <$30, $30, $50,000-74, $75,000± High school or less II 3 Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal I Moderate Conservative Orthodox 3 2! Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married Spouse Jesish Spouse not ish Importance of Being Jewish Very important Fairly/not ver important Very close I Fairl close Fairler distant

75 -o Table 56 "Is your overall opinion of United Nations very favorable, somewhat favorable, neutral, somewhat unfavorable, or very unfavorable?" (in percents) Very Somewhat Somewhat 'very favor- favor- Neu- unfavor- unfavor- Not Subgroup able able tral able able sure Total Male Female Under <S S30,000-49, S50,000-74, IS 10 0 S75,000± II II Hieh school or less II 7 0 Some college II 8 Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative IS 21 0 Orthodox Conservative Reform Justiewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jeish IS 12 0 Spouse not.lev ish Importance of Being.le% ish Very Important 21 3S II 0 Fairl not very important II 6 Very close FairI close Fairl'ver distant

76 Table 57 "How important would you say being Jewish is in your own life?" Not %ery Fairly Very Subgroup important important important Total Male Female Under <$30, $30,000-49, $50,000-74, $75, High school or less Some college Fouryearsofcollege higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox 94 4 Conservative Reform II Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Jewish Ver important Fairly/not erv important Veryclose 8! 6 4 Fairly close Fairl 'ver distant

77 Table 58 "Which one of the following qualities do you tant to your Jewish identity?" (in percents) consider most impor- Subgroup Being part of the Jewish people Religious observance Support for Israel A cornmitment to social justice Something else Not sure Total Male Female Under <$30,000 S30,000-49,999 S50, $ High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Jewish Ver important Fairlvnot very important Very close Fairl close Fairly/very distant Il I IS ! I 3! I I 24 41

78 -3 Table 59 "Do you think of yourself as..." (in percents) Reconstruc- Just Not Ortho- Conser- Subgroup dox vative tionist Reform Jewish sure Total Male Female Under <$30,000 $30,000-49,999 $50,000-74,999 $75,000+ High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Jewish yen important 14 Fairlyinot erv Important Very close FairI close Fairlv/er distant I I I I I I I IS I I I I I I

79 -4 Table 60 "In your opinion, which is a greater threat to Jewish life in the United States today in termarriage or anti-semitism?" (in percents) Inter- Anti- Both Not Subgroup marriage Semitism equally sure Total Male Female Under <$30, $30,000-49, $50,000-74, $75, l-{igh school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate I Conservative Orthodox Conservative , 0 Reform Just Jewish IS 81 3 I Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jewish I Importance of Being Jewish Ver important Fairl\ not 'erv important Ver close Fairly close Fairlier distant II 86 2

80 Table 61 "Do you think that anti-semitism in the United States is currently a very serious problem, somewhat of a problem, or not a problem at all?" (in percents) 'erv Some- Not serious what of a problem Not Subgroup problem a problem at all sure Total Male Female Under <$30, $30,000-49, $50,000-74, I $75, High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative I Retbrm Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Je% ish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Jewish Ver mporlant Fairlv'not crv important Ver close Fairly close I Fatrl erv distant

81 6 Table 62 "Looking ahead over the next several years, do you think that anti- Semitism in the United States will increase greatly, increase somesame, decrease somewhat, or decrease greatly?" (in what, remain the percents) Increase Remain Decrease Increase some- the some- Decrease Not Subgroup greatly what same what greatly sure Total I 2 Male II I I Female I 2 Under I I 2 <$30, I $30,000-49, II I 2 $50,000-74, S75, I High school or less II Some college Four years of college higher education I 2 Liberal II I 2 Moderate ! Conservative Orthodox Conservative I 2 Reform I Just Jewish Marital Status if married) Spouse.Jev.ish Spouse not Jewish I 3 Importance of Being Teish Very important Fairly/not 'cry important 4 3! 51 II I Very close I Fairly close II I 2 Fairl/er distant I 3

82 Table 63 "In your opinion, what proportion of each of the following groups in the United States is anti-semitic most, many, some, very few, or none? Asians" (in percents) Very Not Subgroup Most Many Some few None sure Total Male Female I II 10 Under I <$30, $30,000-49,999 2 I $50,000-74,999 I S75, II 7 High school or less Some college Four years of college I higher education I II 8 Liberal I Moderate Conservative Orthodox I I Il Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if marned) Spouse Jewish I Spouse not Jewish Importance ol Being Jewish Very important I Fairly/not er important II 7 Ver dose Fairl close I lairi er distant I

83 78 Table 64 "In your opinion, what proportion of each of the following groups in the United States is anti-semitic most, many, some, very few, or none? Moslems" (in percents) Very Not Subgroup Most Many Some few None sure Total II 2 5 Male Female Under II <$30, $30,000-49, $50,000-74, II 2 6 S75, I 3 High school or less Some college Four years of college II 3 5 higher education Liberal I 5 Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish I 6 Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jewish 22 IS I 5 Imponance of Being Jeish Very important Fairlnoi er important ! Very close I 5 Fairly close Fairl i cry distant 8 IS

84 19 Table 65 "In your opinion, what proportion of each of the following groups in the United States is anti-semitic most, many, some, very few, or none? Hispanics" (in percents) Subgroup Most Many Some Vcr few None Not sure Total Male Female ljnder4o ! <S30, $30,000-49, S50,000-74, , High school or less Il Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Onhodox I I Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Je ish Ver important Fairk'not very important Ver close Fairly close Fairly/very distant

85 80 Table 66 "In your opinion, what proportion of each of the following groups in the United States is anti-semitic most, many, some, very few, or none? Blacks" (in percents) Subgroup Most Many Some Very few one Not sure Total Male Female Under 40 5 II IS <$30, S30,000-49, $50,000-74, S75, High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education I 4 Liberal I 3 Moderate 6 II Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Jewish Very important 'airI not erv important \'er dose 8 lb Fairl close b erv distant

86 81 Table 67 "In your opinion, what proportion of each of the following groups in the United States is anti-semitic most, many, some, very few, or none? The Religious Right" (in percents) Very Not Subgroup Most Many Some few None sure Total Male Female Under <S30, S30, $50,000-74, S75, High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative 18 IS Orthodox II 13 Conservative Reform lust Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not.ieish Importance of Being Jewish Very important Fairly/not erv Important Ver close Fairly close Fairl/ver distant II II I 8 36 II II I to I II II II II

87 82 Table 68 "In your opinion, what proportion of each of the following groups in the United States is anti-semitic most, many, some, very few, or none? Catholics" (in percents) Very Not Subgroup Most Many Some few None sure Total Male Female Under <$30,000 S30,000-49,999 $50,000-74,999 $75,000+ High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Jewish Very important Fairlyinot er important Very close Fairly close Fairlv' er distant II Il S

88 83 Table 69 "In your opinion, what proportion of each of the following groups in the United States is anti-semitic most, many, some, very few, or none? Mainstream Protestants" (in percents) Very Not Subgroup Most Many Some few None sure Total Male Female Under <$30,000 S30,000-49,999 $50,000-74,999 $75, 000+ High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservactve Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Jewish Very important Fairly/not ver important Very close Fairly Close Fairlvver distant II ! $

89 84 Table 70 "In your opinion, what proportion of each of the following groups in the United States is anti-semitic most, many, some, very few, or none? Fundamentalist Protestants" (in percents) Very Not Subgroup Most Many Some few None sure Total Male Female Under <$30,000 $30,000-49,999 $50,000-74,999 $ ugh school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Jewish Very important Fairly/not very important Very dose Fairly close Fairlvver distant Il II II II II II IS to II II II II II Il II II II II 5 3

90 85 Table 71 "In your opinion, what proportion of each of the following groups in the United States is anti-semitic most, many, some, very few, or none? Arab Americans" (in percents) Very Not Subgroup Most Many Some few None sure Total ! 10 I 5 Male I 3 Female I 7 tjnder4o I <$30, I 6 $30,000-49, I 5 $50,000-74, S75, Highschoolorless II 2 9 Some college I 5 Four years of college higher education I 3 Liberal II 0 3 Moderate Conservative Orthodox Conservative Reform Just Jewish I 4 Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish I 5 Spouse not.les'ish Importance of Being ie\%ish Very important Fairl not er important II 4 Ver close Fairly close 2! II I 4 Fairly en distant II I 6

91 86 Table 72 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? "Virtually all positions of influence in the United States are open to Jews." (in percents) Dis- Not Subgroup Agree agree sure Total I Male Female Under I I <$30, $30,000-49, $50,000-74, $75, High school or less Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox I Conservative 59 4! 0 Reform Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Jewish Very important Fairly/not ver' important Very close Fairly close Fairly/v er distant

92 Table 73 "Do you think that anti-semitism around the world is currently a very serious problem, somewhat of a problem, or no t a problem at all?" (in percents) Subgroup Very serious problem Somewhat of a problem Not a problem at all Not sure Total Male Female Under I <$30, ,000-49, l 50,000-74, I 0 75, High school or less I Some college Four years of college higher education Liberal Moderate Conservative Orthodox I 0 Conservative Reform Just Jewish Marital Status if married) Spouse ish 4() 59 0 Spouse not Je\¼lsh Importance ol Being Jewish Ver important Fairly/not very important Very close 48 5! 2 0 Fairly close Fairler distant

93 88 Table 74 "Looking ahead over the next several years, do you think that anti- Semitism around the world will increase greatly, increase somewhat, remain the same, decrease somewhat, or decrease greatly?" (in percents) Increase Increase some- Subgroup greatly what Remain (he same Decrease somewhit Decrease Not greatly sure Total I 2 Male I 1 Female I 3 Under40 II I I I 3 <$30, I 3 $30,000-49, $50,000-74, I 3 $75,000± I 0 High school or less II I 3 Some college I Four years of college I 2 higher education I 2 Liberal I 2 Moderate I 3 Conservative Orthodox II I 0 Conservative I Reform I Just Jewish Marital Status (if married) Spouse Jewish I I Spouse not Jewish Importance of Being Jeish Very imporiani I Fairly/not very important I 2 Ver\ close I Fairly close I 2 Fairly /ver distant