2. HISTORY OF GAMES AND SPORTS IN INDIA
|
|
- Barbra McGee
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 2. HISTORY OF GAMES AND SPORTS IN INDIA 1. Introduction The history of sports in India dates back to the Vedic era. Physical culture in ancient India was fed by a powerful fuel--religious rites. There were some welldefined values like the mantra in the Atharva-Veda, saying," Duty is in my right hand and the fruits of victory in my left". In terms of an ideal, these words hold the same sentiments as the traditional Olympic oath: "... For the Honour of my Country and the Glory of Sport." Badminton probably originated in India as a grownup's version of a very old children's game known in England as battledore and shuttlecock, the battledore being a paddle and the shuttlecock a small feathered cork, now usually balled a "bird." In the area of recreation and sports India had evolved a number of games. One would be surprised to know today that games like, Chess, Snakes and Ladders, Playing Cards, Polo, the martial arts of Judo and Karate had originated as a sport in India and it was from here that these games were transmitted to foreign countries, where they were further modernized. It is more than likely that many of today's Olympic disciplines are sophisticated versions of the games of strength and speed that flourished in ancient 23
2 India and Greece. Chess, wrestling, polo, archery and hockey (possibly a fall-out from polo) are some of the games believed to have originated in India. Hockey, in which India has an impressive record with eight Olympic gold medals, is officially the national sport. Other popular games are football, cricket, basketball, volleyball and badminton. Cricket has become a very popular game in India. After the IX Asian Games in New Delhi in 1982, the capital city now has modem sports facilities. Such facilities are also being developed in other parts of the country. Besides sports and games included in the international sporting agenda, there are many which have developed indigenously. Among these are wrestling and several traditional systems of martial arts. In early India, games and sports were very much concerned about the development of the physique and for the art of offence and defense. Also games were considered a kind of recreation, which played a vital role in the development of a man's personality. Important of them included indoor games, music, fishing and boating, singing and dancing, water sports, etc. India has a rich heritage of these activities as can be found in the archaeological excavations of Mohenjadaro and Harappa, the Vedic literature, The Ramayana and the Mahabharata, the Puranas, the literary works of Kautilya, Kalidasa, Panini and Dandin as well as a whole lot of Buddhist and Jain literatures. Various archaeological evidences like coins, inscriptions and monumental carvings support them. Several games now familiar across the world owe their origins in India, particularly, the games of chess, ludo (including ladders and snake), and playing 24
3 cards. The famous epic Mahabharata narrates an incidence where a game called Chaturanga was played between two groups of warring cousins. The age when epic Mahabharata was written is variously dated around 800 BC to 1000 BC. In some form or the other, the game continued till it evolved into chess. H. J. R. Murry, in his work titled A History of Chess, has concluded that chess is a descendant of an Indian game played in the 7th century AD. The Encyclopedia Britannica states that we find the best authorities agreeing that chess existed in India before it is known to have been played anywhere else. The game of cards also developed in ancient India. Abul Fazal was a scholar in the court of Mughal emperor Akbar. In his book, Ain-e-Akbari, which is a mirror of life of that time, records game of cards is of Indian origins.martial arts by the name of Kalaripayattu were a native of Kerala. Kalaripayattu consists of a series of intricate movements that train the body and mind. 2. Indus valley civilization (3250 BC to 2750 BC) A statuette found in the Mohenjadaro remains is that of a dancer, which points out that the important pastime of the people then was dancing and singing. The other important game was swimming which has strong evidence as to the presence of the "Great Bath" which is analogous to the present day modem swimming pool. Marbles, balls and dice were used for games and dicing was the important game as is evident from lots of dices unearthed. Besides, a type of board game resembling the modem chess was also prevalent. A cylindrical gamesman resembling the present-day game of Draught has also been excavated at Harappa. 25
4 Hunting was the next important game. Seals showing men using bows and arrows for killing wild boars and deers have been found. Punching or boxing was also played. A number of toys of children made of clay have been found which shows that children engaged themselves with lots of games. 3. Vedic period (2500 BC-600 BC) The Vedic women received a fair share of masculine attention in physical culture and military training. The Rigveda tells us that many women joined the army in those days. A form of chariot race was one of the games most popular during the Vedic period. People were fond of swinging. Ball games were in vogue in those days by both men and women. Apart from this, a number of courtyard games like" Hide and seek" and "Run and catch" were also played by the girls. Playing with dice became a popular activity. The dices were apparently made of Vibhidaka nuts. From the Rigveda, it appears that the Vedic Aryans knew the art of boxing. 4. Early Hindu period (600BC-320BC) 4.1 The Ramayana People took much interest in games during this period. Ayodhya, Kiskindha and Lanka the three great places related with this period were centers of many games and sports. Chariot -riding and horse- riding were popular. Hunting was taken as a royal sport. Swimming was also popular and it is learnt that Ravana had a beautiful swimming pool in Asoka Vatika where he used to sport. Gambling with dices was 26
5 also well known. "Chaturang" or chess as we call it today developed during this period and India is proud to be called the homeland of this great sport. Ball games were popular with the women. 4.2 The Mahabharata Special mention has been made of games and gymnastics during this period. Jumping, arms contracting, wrestling, playing with balls, hide and seek, chasing animals were some of the games prevalent during this period. Ball games were popular and it is said that Lord Krishna played ball-games with maidens on the banks of the Yamuna." Iti-Danda " or "Gullidanda" was also one of the games played and it involves one long and one short stick. Bhima was well versed in this and this is similar to the present day cricket. There is also a mention of the Kauravas and the Pandavas playing Gulli Danda in the Mahabharata. Yudhistar had a great liking for dicing and it is known that he lost his whole kingdom, his brothers and his wife in this game to his opponents. People also enjoyed water sports. Bhima was a great swimmer. Duryodhana was an expert in swimming. All the Pandava and Kaurava princes, on the invitation of Duryodhana, went to the ganges for some water games. During the era of the Rigveda, Ramayana and Mahabharata, men of a certain stature were expected to be well - versed in chariot - racing, archery, military stratagems, swimming, wrestling and hunting. Excavations at Harappa and Mohenjodaro confirm that during the Indus valley civilization ( B.C ) the weapons involved in war and hunting exercises included the bow and arrow, the dagger, the axe and the mace. 27
6 These weapons of war, for instance, the javelin (toran) and the discus {chakra), were also, frequently used in the sports arena. Lord Krishna wielded an impressive discus or sudarshan chakra. Aijuna and Bhima, two of the mighty Pandavas, excelled in archery and weightlifting respectively. Bhimsena, Hanuman, Jamvanta, Jarasandha were some of the great champion wrestlers of yore. Women also excelled in sport and the art of self - defence, and were active participants in games like cock fighting, quail fighting, and ram fighting. 4.3 The Puranas The use of Discus was very popular. At times, the attack of sword was also rendered useless by the discus. The Munda monster is said to have used it. Rope fighting or Pasi-yuddha was also prevalent. The rope was the main weapon of some of the Gods and because of the use of rope, Varuna is called Pasi. The art of using silambu or long sticks, lathi and slings was also taught during this period. 4.4 Buddhist and Jain Literatures The game of chess is found mentioned in the canonical texts of Jainism. Chess was found prevalent in the campus of Nalanda. Archaeological excavations have found gambling dice in monasteries and other Buddhist sites. Another item of amusement was swimming. The Viharas offered the pleasure of bathing pools. Boxing was also popular. With the flowering of Buddhism in the country, Indian sport reached the very peak of excellence. Gautam Buddha himself, is said to have been an ace at archery, chariot - racing, equitation and hammer - throwing. 28
7 4.5 Jataka stories Archery is found mentioned in the Jataka stories. The Bhimsena Jataka tells that Boddhisatva learnt archery at Takshila. Wrestling was popular and descriptions of such breath-holding bouts in wrestling are available in the Jataka stories. Two kinds of games called Udyana Krida or garden games and Salila Krida or water sports are also mentioned. In Villas Manx Manjri, Tiruvedacharya describes many of these games in detail. 5. Later Hindu Period (320AD-1200 AD) Great Universities like Takshila and Nalanda developed during this period. Takshila was famous for military training, wrestling, archery and mountain- climbing. In Nalanda, swimming, breathing exercises and yoga formed an integral part of the curriculum. Harshavardhana, of the Gupta dynasty was a great sportsman and he encouraged his subjects as well. Another great contemporary of Harsha, Narasimha Mamallah, the Pallava ruler was also a great wrestler. Archery was also popular among the women during this period, as can be seen from the Ahicchatra images. Hunting, elephant fighting, ram fighting, and partridge fighting were the other important games of this period. In Manasollasa AD. - Someshwara writes at length about bharashram (weight lifting), bharamanshram (walking), both of which are established as Olympic disciplines at present, and mall -stambha, a peculiar form of wrestling, wherein both contestants sit on the shoulders of their 'seconds', who stand in waist - deep water throughout the game. 29
8 The renowned Chinese travelers Hieun Tsang and Fa Hien wrote of a plethora of sporting activities. Swimming, sword - fighting ( fencing, as we know it today ), running, wrestling and ball games were immensely popular among the students of Nalanda and Taxila. 6. Mughal period (after 1200AD) In the 16th century, a Portuguese ambassador who visited Krishnanagar was impressed by the range of sports activity, and the many sports venues, in the city. The King, Krishnadevraya was an ace wrestler and horseman, himself. The Mughal emperors were keen hunters of wild animals and avid patrons of sports, especially wrestling. The Agra fort and the Red Fort were the popular venues of many a wrestling bout, in the times of Emperor Shahjahan. 30
Ancient India. Section Notes Geography and Early India Origins of Hinduism Origins of Buddhism Indian Empires Indian Achievements
Ancient India Section Notes Geography and Early India Origins of Hinduism Origins of Buddhism Indian Empires Indian Achievements History Close-up Life in Mohenjo Daro Quick Facts The Varnas Major Beliefs
More informationCommon Sense 1. The land of diversity. The present population of India: More than a billion.
Common Sense 1 The land of diversity The present population of India: More than a billion. Almost certain that population of India will surpass that of China by 2050. Eighty per cent of India s population:
More informationOrigins of Hinduism Buddhism, and Jainism
Origins of Hinduism Buddhism, and Jainism Nature of faith Religions build on the experiences of cultural groups. Hinduism is unique in that it doesn t trace its origins to the clarity of teachings of
More informationWORLD HISTORY 8 UNIT 3, CH 5.4: INDIAN EMPIRES
WORLD HISTORY 8 UNIT 3, CH 5.4: INDIAN EMPIRES 1. WHO CONQUERED THE MAJORITY OF NORTHERN INDIA BY 320 B.C.? BY 320 B.C. A MILITARY LEADER NAMED CHANDRAGUPTA MAURYA HAD SEIZED CONTROL OF THE ENTIRE NORTHERN
More informationHISTORY ASSIGNMENTS. Assignment 1 What, Where, How and When? Q.1. Answer in a word:
Assignment 1 What, Where, How and When? Q.1. Answer in a word: Q.2. Very short answers. HISTORY ASSIGNMENTS The place where rice was first grown. The area along the south of the Ganga. The earliest composition
More informationMohenjodaro and Hindu Beliefs. Presentation by Mr. Tsolomitis
Mohenjodaro and Hindu Beliefs Presentation by Mr. Tsolomitis Mohenjodaro A city located in the Indus River Valley Part of the Indus-Sarasvati civilization Also part of the Harappan civilization (named
More informationDELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, Durgapur QUESTION BANK & REVISION SHEET FOR final examination ( ) CLASS- VI HISTORY
DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, Durgapur QUESTION BANK & REVISION SHEET FOR final examination (2017-18) CLASS- VI HISTORY Early States 1. How did the mahajanpadas formed? 2. What was the nature of polity in mahajanapadas?
More informationDownloaded from
SYLLABUS TERM I History: 1 What, Where, How and When 2 On the Trail of the Earliest People 3 In the Earliest Cities 4 What Books and Burials Tell us Civics: 1 Understanding Diversity 2 Diversity & Discrimination
More informationIndia is separated from the north by the Himalayan and Hindu Kush Mountains.
Ancient India Geography Of India India is called a subcontinent. Subcontinent: a large landmass that is smaller than a continent India is separated from the north by the Himalayan and Hindu Kush Mountains.
More informationHomework B: India and Southeast Asia
Name: Due Date: Homework B: India and Southeast Asia Please answer these questions as you read Chapter 3 of your textbook, which deals with Buddhist and Hindu art. There is a brief examination of Islamic
More informationStupas were burial mounds prevalent in India. The art of Stupas reached its climax during Ashokan period. Stupas belongs to Buddhist tradition.
0 Which of the following were the aims behind pillar inscriptions? Symbol of the State Commemorate battle victories Propagate imperial sermons Select the correct answer from the given codes. Answer : d
More informationEarly Hinduism. Main trinity: Brahma (the creator), Vishnu (the preserver) and Shiva (the destroyer) o Vishnu:
Early Hinduism Early Hinduism 1200 BC the composition of the first book of the Vedas (Rig Veda) c. 700-500 BC - Main composition of the first book of the Vedas (Rig Veda) Collection of hymns mainly addressed
More informationFull Marks : 100 Time : 3 hours. The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions. ( Marks : 50 ) ( Marks : 30 )
Total No. of Printed Pages 12 HS/XII/A/Hs/15 2 0 1 5 HISTORY Full Marks : 100 Time : 3 hours The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions General Instructions : Write all the answers
More information1. STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT AND THE SURROUNDING REGION
SOUTHWESTERN CHRISTIAN SCHOOL WORLD HISTORY STUDY GUIDE # 8 : ANCIENT INDIA 3,000 BC 200 BC LEARNING OBJECTIVES STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT
More informationBhagavad Gita AUTHORSHIP AND ORIGIN
Bhagavad Gita The Bhagavad Gita is an ancient text that became an important work of Hindu tradition in terms of both literature and philosophy. The earliest translations of this work from Sanskrit into
More informationIASbaba.com. IASbaba s Daily Prelims Test *Day 32+
IASbaba s Daily Prelims Test *Day 32+ TOPIC: Ancient History & Culture 1. Mesolithic stage was the transitional stage between the Paleolithic and Neolithic stage. Which of the following is/are the characteristic/s
More informationNB#30 Chapter 24 India s History and Culture
NB#30 Chapter 24 India s History and Culture History Background 1. During the time of Ancient India, hundreds of towns existed in the Indus River Valley History: The Aryan people 2. The Aryans moved into
More informationMauryan, Kūshan, &Gupta Empire India
Mauryan, Kūshan, &Gupta Empire India Background Indus Valley Civilization (Harappan) 2 Major Cities: Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro 2 Major Rivers: Indus & Ganges River Seasonal monsoons brought water to crops
More informationBUDDHIST TOUR 7 DAYS. Day 01 : Mumbai Varanasi
Info@gayatobodhgaya.com BUDDHIST TOUR 7 DAYS Day 01 : Mumbai Varanasi Flight On arrival at Varanasi Airport you will be met and assisted by our company executive and transferred to your hotel for check
More informationBC Religio ig ns n of S outh h A sia
Religions of South Asia 2500 250 BC Hinduism gave birth to Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism Christianity Jesus Christ, son of God the Bible Islam Muhammadlast prophet to talk to Allah t he Quran Do you think
More informationWINDMILL TOURS AND TRAVELS PVT. LTD. Footsteps Of Buddha
Footsteps Of Buddha The Mahabodhi Temple Rajgir is town situated in East of India where the air that surrounds its beautiful sceneries carries hints of spirituality and vibrant hues of history with links
More informationHISTORY SAMPLE PAPER (027) CLASS-XII
HISTORY SAMPLE PAPER (027) CLASS-XII SESSION-2017-2018 TIME-3HRS MM-80 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- General Instructions
More informationSOL 4 - World History I. Ancient Persian, India & China
SOL 4 - World History I Ancient Persian, India & China Zoroastrianism was the main Persian religion, although other religions were tolerated. Persian Empire Built on earlier Central Asian and Mesopotamian
More informationAsia in the Past. Indus Civilization
Indus Civilization Asia in the Past Who were people living in this civilization? What did they do? How did they live? In which cities did they live? How well were the cities designed? How long did this
More informationThe emergence of South Asian Civilization. September 26, 2013
The emergence of South Asian Civilization. September 26, 2013 Review What was the relationship of Han China to Vietnam, and to Korea? Who were the Xiongnu? (What is a barbarian?) What was the Silk Road?
More informationChapter Test. History of Ancient India
Name Class Date MULTIPLE CHOICE Read each statement or question. On the lines below write the letter of the best answer. 1. Both Harappa and Mohenjo Daro were located near the a. city of Bodh Gaya. b.
More informationAPWH. Physical Geo. & Climate: India 9/11/2014. Chapter 3 Notes
APWH Chapter 3 Notes Physical Geo. & Climate: India Deccan Plateau & Hindu Kush Major bodies of water: Indus and Ganges, Indian Ocean, etc. Mountain Ranges: Himalayas, Ghats, etc. Desert: Thar Monsoons:
More informationClassical India. A Z.S. Crossen Production
Classical India A Z.S. Crossen Production Chapter 3 Summary The Framework for Indian History: Geography and the Formative Period Patterns in Classical India Political Institutions Religion and Culture
More informationCONCLUSION. India is sometimes designated as a country of spirituality by many
201 CONCLUSION India is sometimes designated as a country of spirituality by many oriental and occidental scholars. However India also is rich with a fair amount of secular literature which includes works
More informationINDIA MID-TERM REVIEW
INDIA MID-TERM REVIEW 1. The Indus valley civilization The Indus valley civilization, along with the Aryan culture, is one of the two ancient origins of Indian civilization. The Indus valley civilization,
More informationAP World History Chapter 3. Classical Civilization India
AP World History Chapter 3 Classical Civilization India Aryan Civilization Indo European people who migrated across Europe and Asia. No Archeological record of early Aryans. Priests called Vedas kept
More informationVocabulary (Pgs )
Vocabulary (Pgs 194-216) Himalayas Monsoons Sanskrit Raja Caste Guru Hinduism Brahman Reincarnation Dharma Karma Buddhism Nirvana Theocracy Dynasty Stupa Pilgrim First Civilizations The first Indian civilizations
More informationName: Date: Block: The Beginnings - Tracking early Hinduism
Name: Date: Block: Discussion Questions - Episode 1: The Beginnings - Tracking early Hinduism Chapter 1: The First Indians 1. What was significant about the first settlers of India? 2. Where is it believed
More informationThe Importance Of Right Conduct In Hinduism
The Importance Of Right Conduct In Hinduism Hinduism has no one main founder like the Buddha or Jesus or the Prophet Muhammad or Guru Nanak. One result of this is that there are many forms of Hinduism
More information1. Subcontinent - A large distinguishable part of a continent
I. India A. Geography - Located in southern Asia, India is a triangular shaped subcontinent. 1. Subcontinent - A large distinguishable part of a continent 2. Due to the geographic diversity of India, over
More informationINDIAN PAINTINGS FROM MUSEUM COLLECTIONS ACSAA SLIDE SET: 6801
INDIAN PAINTINGS FROM MUSEUM COLLECTIONS ACSAA SLIDE SET: 6801 Painting Nepal 6801 Covers and Palmleaves 1111 AD 58x6 cm Painting Nepal 6802 Cover 1111 AD 58x6 cm Central Bodhisattva Painting Nepal 6803
More informationCOMPREHENSIVE CLASS ROOM CURRICULUM GROUP 1A - 4B
OBJECTIVE: COMPREHENSIVE CLASS ROOM CURRICULUM GROUP 1A - 4B The Goal of the curriculum is to offer students a window into an Indian heritage and culture. The focus is to create and sustain the kid s interest
More informationWinmeen Tnpsc Group 1 & 2 Self Preparation Course History Part ] Mahajanapadas. Notes
History Part - 6 6] Mahajanapadas Notes 1. Small Aryan Kings Janapadas 2. Many Janapadas joint together Mahajanapadas 3. Term Mahajanapadas is derived from Sanskrit 4. Strongest Mahajanapadas Kosala, Avanti,
More informationArt of India Ch. 4.2
Art of India Ch. 4.2 Indus Valley Civilization 2500 BC-1500 BC The earliest Indian culture Ended 1500 BC Located in Modern Pakistan Used to stamp seals on official documents. Some of the earliest evidence
More informationName: Date: Period: #: Chapter 9: Outline Notes Ancient India
Name: Date: Period: #: Lesson 9.1 Early Civilizations Chapter 9: Outline Notes Ancient India The Geography of India: India and several other countries make up the of India. o A subcontinent is a large
More informationthe Mauryan Empire. Rise of the Maurya Empire
DUE 02/22/19 Name: Lesson Three - Ancient India Empires (Mauryan and Gupta) 6.28 Describe the growth of the Maurya Empire and the political and moral achievements of the Emperor Asoka. 6.29 Identify the
More informationHINDU MUGHAL EMPIRE AND LATE HINDU. p Hindu Art
HINDU MUGHAL EMPIRE AND LATE HINDU p. 133-212 Hindu Art INDIA REVIVAL 15 TH TO 18 TH CENTURIES At the very end of the 12 th century Northern India was overwhelmed by Muslim invasion from Afghanistan and
More informationCharacteristics of IRVC Communities Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro Early Civilizations of India
Characteristics of IRVC Communities Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro Early Civilizations of India From the Indus River Valley Civilization to Hinduism today Laid out on a grid-pattern Food storage warehouses Buildings
More informationSanchi Last Updated Tuesday, 23 November :30
Sanchi (Population: 6,785, Altitude: 434 M.) is a small village in Raisen District of Madhya Pradesh state. The village is located 46 km nor east of Bhopal, and 10 km from Besnagar and Vidisha in e central
More informationWishing you... a sparkling festival of lights... Happy Diwali ISSUE 10 OCTOBER 2016
Wishing you... a sparkling festival of lights... Happy Diwali ISSUE 10 OCTOBER 2016 CHAIRMAN S MESSAGE Dear Customer, I hope all is well with you and your dear ones. Hope you had a great Navaratri, Dussehra
More informationHIGHER SECONDARY I ST YEAR HISTORY MODEL QUESTION PAPER. TIME : 2 ½ Hours MARKS : 90 PART - I
HIGHER SECONDARY I ST YEAR HISTORY MODEL QUESTION PAPER TIME : 2 ½ Hours MARKS : 90 PART - I Answer all the questions. Choose the correct answer 20 X 1 = 20 1. The region between two rivers is called a)
More informationIndian Civilization. Chapter Five: Ancient Civilizations of India and China. The Indus River Valley Civilization. Map 5.1
Chapter Five: Ancient Civilizations of India and China Map 5.1 Indian Civilization The Indus River Valley Civilization Mohenjo-daro Agriculture-based society (cotton) Centralization Ecological disasters
More informationThe Hyderabad Public School,Begumpet. Class-6 Worksheet for the First Term Exam Subject: History. The Mesopotamian Civilization
The Hyderabad Public School,Begumpet Class-6 Worksheet for the First Term Exam Subject: History The Mesopotamian Civilization 1.Mesopotamia means. 2.The earliest and most advanced urban culture that flourished
More informationArt and Culture 1.6 Post Mauryan Art(Rock-cut caves & Stupas Sculpture- Gandhara Mathura & Amaravati School BY CIVIL JOINT.
Art and Culture 1.6 Post Mauryan Art(Rock-cut caves & Stupas Sculpture- Gandhara Mathura & Amaravati School BY CIVIL JOINT Post Mauryan Art After the decline of the Mauryan Empire in 2 nd century BC, small
More informationHindu. Hinduism Sacred Images Narrative Traditions
Hindu Hinduism Sacred Images Narrative Traditions We have already learned that the stories of Hinduism came from the Vedic Texts. In the course of the first Millennium BCE the Vedas were succeeded by the
More information9D8N BUDDHIST CIRCUIT TOUR
9D8N BUDDHIST CIRCUIT TOUR Itinerary:- DAY 1 : ARRIVE DELHI On arrival with meeting and assistance at the airport, our representative will meet to welcome and escort you to the Hotel. While the room keys
More information#sharethelove. Now boarding: the high school exchange program!
Sex: M Age: 18 Interests: football, fitness, dancing, play guitar, video editing, friends, gym, working out Interests: friends, sports, swimming, skiing, golf, surfing, tennis Sex: F Age: 18 Interests:
More informationIndia. Lessons for Mission Minded Kids Lesson 2. The Country of India
India Lessons for Mission Minded Kids Lesson 2 The Country of India India Lesson 2: The Country of India Goals for Lesson 2: Children will be introduced to the climate, culture, history, animals and people
More informationGrade:6 History and Civics Ch:9 The Gupta Empire
Grade:6 History and Civics Ch:9 The Gupta Empire Short Question Answers 1) What is the meaning of Lexicography? Ans The process of compiling dictionaries. 2) Who repulsed the Hun invasion? AnsSkandagupta.
More informationAncient Universities in India
Ancient Universities in India Ancient alanda University Nalanda is an ancient center of higher learning in Bihar, India from 427 to 1197. Nalanda was established in the 5th century AD in Bihar, India.
More informationChapter 6. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 6 3
Chapter 6 Daily Focus Skills Transparency 6 3 India s First Empires Chapter 6 Section 3 Objectives for this lesson Understand the place of historical events in the context of past, present, and future.
More informationSection 3. Empires of China and India. The Mauryan Empire
The Mauryan Empire Many small kingdoms existed across India in 300s BC Each kingdom had own ruler; no central authority united them Magadha a dominant kingdom near Ganges Strong leader, Chandragupta Maurya
More informationMAHABHARATA Part 4 1
MAHABHARATA Part 4 1 Bhima s Childhood Heroics As we learned from our previous lessons, the Kuru princes, the Pandavas and the Kauravas grew up together at Hastinapur, the city of the elephants. As the
More informationnetw rks Where in the world? When did it happen? Ancient India Lesson 1 Early Civilizations ESSENTIAL QUESTION Terms to Know GUIDING QUESTIONS
Lesson 1 Early Civilizations ESSENTIAL QUESTION How does geography influence the way people live? GUIDING QUESTIONS 1. How did physical geography and climate influence the development of civilization in
More informationHeritage of North India and Nepal
Heritage of North India and Nepal Duration: 12 Nights / 13 Days Destination Covered: Delhi Jaipur Agra Khajuraho Varanasi Lumbini Chitwan Kathmandu Delhi Itinerary Details Day 1: Delhi After arriving at
More informationAncient India & Its First Empires. SSWH1b, 2a, 2c (Hinduism/ Buddhism)
Ancient India & Its First Empires SSWH1b, 2a, 2c (Hinduism/ Buddhism) SSWH1 Analyze the origins, structures, and interactions of societies in the ancient world from 3500 BCE/BC to 500 BCE/BC. b. Describe
More information( PART : B DESCRIPTIVE )
HIST/II/02 (PR) ( 2 ) 2 0 1 7 ( 2nd Semester ) HISTORY SECOND PAPER ( History of India up to post-mauryan Period ) ( Pre-revised ) Full Marks : 75 Time : 3 hours ( PART : B DESCRIPTIVE ) ( Marks : 50 )
More informationOverview. Hindu and Buddhist. p Hindu Art p Buddhist Art
Overview Hindu and Buddhist p. 7-17 Hindu Art p. 7-28 Buddhist Art HINDU Indus Valley Note: personification means the attribution of human characteristics to something nonhuman. As discussed in an earlier
More informationBRAHMI Rediscovering the Lost Script. Ankita Roy
BRAHMI Rediscovering the Lost Script Ankita Roy Why Brahmi? Attraction Translating Text to visuals Understanding the subject The indic scripts are an decendent of Brahmi. Target Audience A person deeply
More informationAPWH Chapters 4 & 9.notebook September 11, 2015
Chapters 4 & 9 South Asia The first agricultural civilization in India was located in the Indus River valley. Its two main cities were Mohenjo Daro and Harappa. Its writing, however, has never been deciphered,
More information3. Indus Valley Civilization: Origin, date, extent, characteristics, decline, survival and significance, art and architecture.
Indian History (Mains) PAPER - I 1. Sources: Archaeological sources: Exploration, excavation, epigraphy, numismatics, monuments Literary sources: Indigenous: Primary and secondary; poetry, scientific literature,
More informationHARSHA AND HIS TIMES. Page No.1 Class 11 th Arts History THE ADMINISTRATION OF HARSH S KINGDOM
Page No.1 THE ADMINISTRATION OF HARSH S KINGDOM Harsha was not only a great conqueror but also an efficient administrator. He extended his empire and provided it with the best administrative set-up. (1)
More informationUnit 4: Ancient River Valley Civilizations - India
Unit 4: Ancient River Valley Civilizations - India Standard(s) of Learning: WHI.4 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the civilization of Persia, India, and China in terms of chronology, geography,
More informationSection Quiz. Ancient India. Section 1
Section 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE Read each question. On the lines below write the letter of the best answer. 1. The Harappan civilization developed in the valley of which river? a. the Inga b. the Tigris c. the
More informationWhere in the world? When did it happen? Ancient India Lesson 1 Early Civilizations ESSENTIAL QUESTION. Terms to Know GUIDING QUESTIONS
Lesson 1 Early Civilizations ESSENTIAL QUESTION How does geography influence the way people live? GUIDING QUESTIONS 1. How did physical geography and climate influence the development of civilization in
More informationAncient India and China
Ancient India and China The Subcontinent Huge peninsula Pushes out into the Indian Ocean India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka Himalaya Hindu Kush Eastern and Western Ghats Mountains Rivers
More informationWorld History: Patterns of Interaction. People and Ideas on the Move, 2000 B.C. 250 B.C.
People and Ideas on the Move, 2000 B.C. 250 B.C. Migrations by Indo-Europeans led to major changes in trade and language as well as to the foundations of three religions: Hinduism, Buddhism and Judaism.
More informationUse the chart below to take notes on where each group migrated and on the features of its culture. Indo-Europeans
Name CHAPTER 3 Section 1 (pages 61 65) The Indo-Europeans BEFORE YOU READ In the last chapter, you read about peoples who built civilizations in the great river valleys. In this section, you will learn
More informationChapter 18 The Achievements of the Gupta Empire. Why is the period during the Gupta Empire known as the golden age?
Chapter 18 The Achievements of the Gupta Empire 18.1. Introduction Why is the period during the Gupta Empire known as the golden age? Richard T. Nowitz/Corbis In this Ajanta cave, richly colored paintings
More informationHINDU. Sacred Images. p Hindu Art
HINDU Sacred Images p. 17-36 Hindu Art REVIEW from last week EARLY Indus Valley civilizations-- Harappa and Mohenjo Daro. Images were mostly animals and female figure. Both were connected to the early
More informationGeneral Info Location: south central Asia Peninsula in the Indian Ocean at equator Borded by China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh Climate Temperate - Abov
India General Info Location: south central Asia Peninsula in the Indian Ocean at equator Borded by China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh Climate Temperate - Above 70 degrees Monsoon Seasons 3 Major land regions
More informationLinking of Rivers in India: Myths and Realities
Linking of Rivers in India: Myths and Realities P. V. Krishnan New Delhi, India Hindu Invocation Water is everything; Elements of the world is Water, air is Water, Living beings are Water, food is Water,
More informationHinduism and Buddhism
Hinduism and Buddhism WHAT ARE THE MAIN BELIEFS OF HINDUISM & BUDDHISM? MS. JEREMIE Starter: Creation Myth Reflection Using your notes from the presentations, answer the following prompt: What similarities
More informationWorld History (Survey) Chapter 1: People and Ideas on the Move, 3500 B.C. 259 B.C.
World History (Survey) Chapter 1: People and Ideas on the Move, 3500 B.C. 259 B.C. Section 1: Indo-European Migrations While some peoples built civilizations in the great river valleys, others lived on
More informationVyasa is a central and revered figure in most Hindu traditions.
MahaBharata-Sanskrit[Team Nanban][TPB] About Veda Vyasa: Vyasa is a central and revered figure in most Hindu traditions. He is also sometimes called Veda Vyasa, (the one who classified the Vedas in to
More informationIndian Empires: Mauryan and Gupta
Indian Empires: Mauryan and Gupta After a civilization falls, what impact does it have on history? How do belief systems unite or divide people? Geography Deccan Plateau, dry, sparsely populated Mountains
More informationIW Mardi Gras: Saturday 1 July 2017
IW Mardi Gras: Saturday 1 July 2017 Classic India The Taj Mahal. Famous mausoleum in Agra. Built as the final resting place for Mumtaz Mahal, the third wife of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. Construction
More informationUnderstanding Hinduism Pearls of the Indian Ocean
Understanding Hinduism Pearls of the Indian Ocean Windstar Cruises Ross Arnold, Fall 2017 Pearls of the Indian Ocean Lectures Introduction to Pearls of the Indian Ocean The Ancient Indus River Civilization
More informationBRHAMI THE DIVINE SCRIPT
BRHAMI THE DIVINE SCRIPT Ashoka inscription at Naneghat, junnar Brahmi is considered to be one of the most ancient scripts in the sub-continent of India. According to tradition Brahma, the God of Knowledge,
More informationP1 INDIA & SRI LANKA
P1 INDIA & SRI LANKA 1. INDIA Siddhartha Gautama, who would one day become known as Buddha ("the enlightened one" or "the awakened"), lived in Nepal during the 6th to 4th century B.C.E. Controversies about
More informationDr. M.K.K Arya model school Assignment Subject----- Social Science Class VII Ch -1 India and the world ( when, where and how )(History)
Dr. M.K.K Arya model school Assignment Subject----- Social Science Class VII Ch -1 India and the world ( when, where and how )(History) 1.Explain about the major archaeological sources of information regarding
More informationWhat were the major accomplishments of the civilizations of India and China during the Classical Era?
WORD WALL #3: Aryans Emperor Asoka Confucius Hinduism Mauryan Empire Qin Dynasty Reincarnation Gupta Empire Shih Huang-ti Caste System Zhou Dynasty Great Wall of China Buddha Mandate of Heaven Han Dynasty
More informationChapter 8: Indian Empires New Arrivals in South Asia
Chapter 8: Indian Empires New Arrivals in South Asia The Spread of Aryan Settlement Aryans are named for their use of Sanskrit and other languages included in the Indo-Aryan family of languages Arrived
More informationHimalaya Tallest mountains in the world. Hindu Kush To the NW, above the Indus river.
Ancient India Himalaya Tallest mountains in the world. Hindu Kush To the NW, above the Indus river. Khyber Pass Mountain pass in the Hindu Kush. This was the passage for invaders who entered India. 29,
More informationIndia Notes. The study of Ancient India includes 3 time periods:
India Notes The Indian Civilization The study of Ancient India includes 3 time periods: Indian Geography The 1 st Indian Civilization began along the River now located in the country of. Many people know
More informationGeography of India. Deccan Plateau
Geography of India Deccan Plateau India is considered a subcontinent because of its size. It is actually a part of Asia. In the north are high mountains, the Himalayas and Hindu Kush. In the center is
More informationMAHABHARATA Part 3 (Drona, the Guru and His Teachings)
MAHABHARATA Part 3 (Drona, the Guru and His Teachings) 1 As you remember from the last lesson, the Pandavas went back to Hastinapura with their mother Kunti after the sudden demise of their father, Pandu.
More informationMauryan art and architecture ; All important facts(upsc PRELIMS 2017,Ancient History )
Mauryan art and architecture ; All important facts(upsc PRELIMS 2017,Ancient History ) Mauryan art and architecture We have tried to summarize all the important aspects related to Mauryan art and architecture,
More informationLesson -6. The Test. 1. Who are Yudhisthir, Bhim, Arjun, Nakul and Sahadev? 2. What was Arjun famous for? 3. Who was their teacher?
Lesson -6 The Test 1. Who are Yudhisthir, Bhim, Arjun, Nakul and Sahadev? 2. What was Arjun famous for? 3. Who was their teacher? Characters : Dronacharya - The teacher of Pandav and Kaurav princes ] Yudhisthir
More informationGupta Empire of India ( )
The Gupta Empire of India (320-720) The Kushans, an organized clan of Yue Qi nomads, made the northwest frontier of India part of their empire around 50 AD. The empire was wealthy, gaining substantial
More informationCambridge International Advanced and Advanced Subsidiary Level 9014 Hinduism November 2010 Principal Examiner Report for Teachers
HINDUISM Cambridge International Advanced and Advanced Subsidiary Level Paper 9014/01 Paper 1 GENERAL COMMENTS Most of the questions were well understood and answers showed evidence of study. This examination
More informationExperience the Small Miracle SRI LANKA Ayubowan!
Experience the Small Miracle SRI LANKA 2012 Ayubowan! KANDY /BENTOTA/ COLOMBO 04 Nights / Days 05 Programme Duration : Visit Srilanka with leisure : 5 DAYS / 4 NIGHTS. 01 st Day. - Airport / Kandy On arrival
More informationThe Gateway Resort Pushkar Bypass Ajmer
The Gateway Resort Pushkar Bypass Ajmer Overview There's more to Rajasthan than what meets the eye. Surrounded by the Aravalli mountains, north of Ajmer city, Gateway Ajmer finds an adequate blend between
More informationIndian Empires: Mauryan and Gupta
Indian Empires: Mauryan and Gupta After a civilization falls, what impact does it have on history? How do belief systems unite or divide people? Geography Deccan Plateau, dry, sparsely populated Mountains
More information