World Religions. Part 5: Taoism & Confucianism. Our Class Web Site: Dirk s Contact Info

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1 Slide 1 World Religions Part 5: Taoism & Confucianism Our Class Web Site: Dirk s Contact Info Phone: (Bethany Church s main number) drodgers@bethanychurch.com Facebook Page: Pastor Dirk Rodgers Tumblr: Dirk s Web Site: Bethany Church Web Site:

2 Slide 2 This Session 1 Preliminary Considerations 2 Taoism (Daoism) 3 Confucianism

3 Slide 3 Part 5: Taoism & Confucianism 1 PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS

4 Slide 4 Challenges to Understanding Philosophies or religions? Cultural lines between Taoism, Confucianism and other isms are often blurred # of adherents not really known

5 Slide 5 Part 5: Taoism & Confucianism 2 TAOISM (DAOISM)

6 Slide 6 Laozi (Lao-tzu) 6 th - 5 th Century BC? Origins Image Source: Edward Theodore Chalmers Werner, Myths and Legends of China on Project Gutenberg, p. 72, Public Domain,

Slide 7 Tao Te Ching The Tao that can be spoken is not the eternal Tao The name that can be named is not the eternal name The nameless is the origin of Heaven and Earth.

7 Slide 7 Tao Te Ching The Tao that can be spoken is not the eternal Tao The name that can be named is not the eternal name The nameless is the origin of Heaven and Earth. Opening lines of Chapter 1, Tao Te Ching, trans Derek Lin, and Tao Te Ching: Annotated & Explained, SkyLight Paths,2006. Ink on silk manuscript of the Tao Te Ching, 2nd century BC Image Source: Mawangdui Silk Manuscript Volume First, Wen Wu Publishing, Beijing, China, , Public Domain,

8 Slide 8 What is Tao? Tao (pronounced dao ) means literally the path or the way. It is a universal principle that underlies everything from the creation of galaxies to the interaction of human beings. The workings of Tao are vast and often beyond human comprehension. In order to understand it, reasoning alone will not suffice. One must also apply intuition. Derek Lin, What is Tao?, in published July 2, 2015, accessed 2/29/2015

9 Slide 9 Essential Teachings Non-contention Non-action (wu-wei) Non-intention Simplicity Wisdom Humility Yin & Yang From the list provided in Derek Lin, What is Tao?, in published July 2, 2015, accessed 2/29/2015

Yin represents the balancing force of opposites, such as darkness, coldness, femaleness, heaviness, weakness, below, earth, shady, night, north.

10 Slide 10 Yin & Yang Yang represents the force of light, brightness, heat, maleness, strength, above, heaven, sunny, day, south. Yang is the masculine, hard, active, red, the sun, and odd numbers. Yin represents the balancing force of opposites, such as darkness, coldness, femaleness, heaviness, weakness, below, earth, shady, night, north. Yin is the feminine, yielding, receptive, moon, water, clouds, and even numbers. Farhadian, Charles E. ( ). Introducing World Religions: A Christian Engagement (Kindle Locations ). Baker Publishing Group. Kindle Edition. Image Source: By Gregory Maxwell, Image:Yin_yang.png, converted to SVG by Gregory Maxwell., Public Domain,

Slide 11 Origins Zhuangzi (the man) c. 369-286 BC Image Source: http://www.tjwenjie.

11 Slide 11 Origins Zhuangzi (the man) c BC Image Source: Public Domain,

12 Slide 12 Origins Zhuangzi (the Book) Tang dynasty Zhuangzi manuscript preserved in Japan (1930s replica) Image Source: Replica Published in 1932, Tokyo, Public Domain, in

Slide 13 Zhuangzi or Butterfly? Formerly, I, Zhuang Zhou, dreamt that I was a butterfly, a butterfly flying about, feeling that it was enjoying itself. I did not know that it was Zhou.

13 Slide 13 Zhuangzi or Butterfly? Formerly, I, Zhuang Zhou, dreamt that I was a butterfly, a butterfly flying about, feeling that it was enjoying itself. I did not know that it was Zhou. Suddenly I awoke, and was myself again, the veritable Zhou. I did not know whether it had formerly been Zhou dreaming that he was a butterfly, or it was now a butterfly dreaming that it was Zhou. Text Source: accessed 3/1/2016 Image Source: Shibata Zeshin (1888), File:%27Zhuangzi_Dreaming_of_a_Butterfly%27_by_Shibata_Zeshin,_1888,_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art,_ JPG

14 Slide 14 Essential Teachings Tao, the source of heaven and earth, is evident in the flux of heaven and earth Language is a foolish attempt to categorize human perceptions in arbitrary and meaningless ways. Finding one s own way Recognizing unity in duality Futility of government

Slide 15 From Philosophy to Religion Zhang Daoling 2 nd Century AD First (or Ancestral) Celestial Master Image Source: By Werner, E. T. C. (1864-1954) - http://www.

15 Slide 15 From Philosophy to Religion Zhang Daoling 2 nd Century AD First (or Ancestral) Celestial Master Image Source: By Werner, E. T. C. ( ) - Project Gutenberg etext 15250, Public Domain,

16 Slide 16 From Philosophy to Religion Lao-Zi 2 nd Century AD Now considered a deity Image Source:

Slide 17 From Philosophy to Religion The Eight Immortals 1. He Xian Gu - Immortal Woman He 2. Cao Guo Jiu Royal Uncle Cao 3. Taiguai Li Iron Crutch Li 4. Lan Caihe 5.

17 Slide 17 From Philosophy to Religion The Eight Immortals 1. He Xian Gu - Immortal Woman He 2. Cao Guo Jiu Royal Uncle Cao 3. Taiguai Li Iron Crutch Li 4. Lan Caihe 5. Lu Dongbin (also spelled Lu Tung Pin) 6. Han Xiang Zi Philosopher Han Xiang 7. Zhang Guo Lao Elder Zhang Guo 8. Zhongli Quan Image Source: By Anonymous (China) - Walters Art Museum: Home page Info about artwork, Public Domain,

Slide 18 From Philosophy to Religion The Three Pure Ones Yuanshi Tianzun Lord of Primordial Being Lingbao Tianzun Lord of the Numinous Treasure Daode Tianzun Lord of the Way

18 Slide 18 From Philosophy to Religion The Three Pure Ones Yuanshi Tianzun Lord of Primordial Being Lingbao Tianzun Lord of the Numinous Treasure Daode Tianzun Lord of the Way and its Virtue Image Source: By Anonymous (China) - Walters Art Museum: Home page Info about artwork, Public Domain,

19 Slide 19 From Philosophy to Religion Other early movements: Shangqing, c.370 AD Lingbao, c. 400 AD Quanzhen, c. 12 th century AD

20 Slide 20 And Of Course

21 Slide 21 Part 5: Taoism & Confucianism 3 CONFUCIANISM

22 Slide 22 Origins Confucius c BC Born Kong Qiu (K'ung Ch'iu) The Latinized name Confucius, based on the honorific title Kong Fuzi (K'ung Fu-tzu), was created by 16th-century Jesuit missionaries in China. Source: accessed 3/4/2016 Image of Confucius, dated from c AD Image Source: By Unknown ?articleTypeId=1, Public Domain,

Slide 23 Origins Mengzi (Mensius) c. 372-289 BC Illustration from Myths & Legends of China By E.T.C. Werner H.B.M Image Source: By Chinese Artists - http://www.

23 Slide 23 Origins Mengzi (Mensius) c BC Illustration from Myths & Legends of China By E.T.C. Werner H.B.M Image Source: By Chinese Artists - Public Domain,

24 Slide 24 Origins Xunzi (Xun Kuang) c BC Image Source:

Slide 25 Dong Zhongshu c. 179-104 BC Without Kongzi, there would be no Confucianism; but without Dong, there would be no Confucianism as it has been known for the past 2,000 years. Source: http://www.

25 Slide 25 Dong Zhongshu c BC Without Kongzi, there would be no Confucianism; but without Dong, there would be no Confucianism as it has been known for the past 2,000 years. Source: Origins/Beginnings?offset=1&max=1, accessed 3/4/2016 Origins Temple in honor of Dong Zhongshu in Yangzhou, China Image Source: WBy User:Vmenkov - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, curid=

26 Slide 26 The Five Classics (Wujing) Five works that were for generations attributed to Confucius, but are now seen as earlier works that influenced Confucius and later Confucian teachings Classic of Changes (Yijing, I Ching) Classic of Poetry (Book of Songs, Shijing, Shih Ching) Classic of History (Book of Documents, Shujing, Shu Ching) Record of Rituals (Liji, Li Qi) Spring and Autumn Annals (Chunqiu, Ch un-ch iu) Sometimes a sixth Classic, now lost, is added to this list: Classic of Music (Yueh Ching)

27 Slide 27 The Four Books (Shishu) Regarded as the Confucian canon by the 12 th century AD Analects (Lunyu) Book of Mencius (Mengzi) Doctrine of the Mean (Zhongyong, Zhung Yung) Great Learning (Daxue, Da Xue)

28 Slide 28 Quotes from the Analects "The Master said, I will not be afflicted at men's not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know men. " Analects, Chapter 1, in accessed 3/5/2016

29 Slide 29 Quotes from the Analects "The Master said, He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it. " Analects, Chapter 2, in accessed 3/5/2016

30 Slide 30 Quotes from the Analects "Fan Ch'ih said, What did you mean? The Master replied, That parents, when alive, be served according to propriety; that, when dead, they should be buried according to propriety; and that they should be sacrificed to according to propriety. " Analects, Chapter 2, in accessed 3/5/2016

Slide 31 Foundational Teachings Tian Heaven, nature, divine forces, even gods Source of the way, Tao, for humanity Depends upon humans for its implementation Human

31 Slide 31 Foundational Teachings Tian Heaven, nature, divine forces, even gods Source of the way, Tao, for humanity Depends upon humans for its implementation Human responsibility to obey it; consequences for disobedience. Zhou period oracle bone script for Tian Image Source: Public Domain, curid=

32 Slide 32 Foundational Teachings Junzi Scholar/Administrator a noble, superior person dedicated to virtue. A junzi was a scholarly gentleman, a perfect human being, capable of ruling by moral example, knowledge, and love for his subjects. Farhadian, Charles E. ( ). Introducing World Religions: A Christian Engagement (Kindle Locations ). Baker Publishing Group. Kindle Edition. King Wen of Zhou ( BC) Image source: media/file:king_wen_of_zhou.jpg

Slide 33 Foundational Teachings Humaneness (Rén, Jen) Righteousness (Yì) Propriety (Lǐ) Wisdom (Chi, Zhì) Integrity (Xìn) Confucius and disciples, statues of the Ashikaga Gakko, a

33 Slide 33 Foundational Teachings Humaneness (Rén, Jen) Righteousness (Yì) Propriety (Lǐ) Wisdom (Chi, Zhì) Integrity (Xìn) Confucius and disciples, statues of the Ashikaga Gakko, a Confucian school and oldest academy of Japan. The Five Constants Image source:

34 Slide 34 Foundational Teachings Loyalty (Zhōng) Filial piety (Xiào) Self-restraint (Jié) Righteousness (Yì) The Four Virtues Son kneels before his parents. Image source: By AnonymousTraditionally attributed, although possibly incorrectly, to:painting: Ma Hezhi (fl )Calligraphy: Emperor Gaozong ( ) - Cultural Invigoration. Dynastic Renaissance: Art and Culture of the Southern Song (exhibit). Taipei: National Palace Museum., Public Domain,

35 Slide 35 Festivals The Birthday of Confucius (Sept 28) Traditional Location of Confucius s birthplace, In Shandong Province, China image source:

36 Slide 36 Festivals Tomb Sweeping Day (Qingmingjie) - Spring An Indonesian Chinese family pray for their deceased members at Qingming Festival of 2013 under the Heaven Gate of Sanggar Agung. image source:

37 Slide 37 Festivals Ghost Festival (Guiyue) - Fall image source:

38 Slide 38 Ancestor Worship At Home image source:

39 Slide 39 Ancestor Worship In Temples Temple of the Filial Blessing, an ancestral temple of a lineage church, in Wenzhou, Zhejiang. image source: By 江上清风孝佑宫 - Panoramio, CC BY 3.0,

40 Slide 40 Confucius Worship Temple of Confucius of Jiangyin, Wuxi, Jiangsu. This is a wénmiào, that is to say a temple where Confucius is worshipped as Wéndì, "God of Culture". image source: By Zhangzhugang - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0,

PHIL 035: Asian Philosophy

General Information PHIL 035: Asian Philosophy Term: 2018 Summer Session Class Sessions Per Week: 5 Instructor: Staff Total Weeks: 4 Language of Instruction: English Total Class Sessions: 20 Classroom: