Exam Notes. Global Foundations of Design. L1 : Indigenous Australia. Name : Pitjantjatjara camp Location : Konapandi, Musgrave Ranges, South Australia

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Exam Notes Global Foundations of Design L1 : Indigenous Australia Name : Pitjantjatjara camp Location : Konapandi, Musgrave Ranges, South Australia Individual families - each in windbreak Stone

1 Exam Notes Global Foundations of Design L1 : Indigenous Australia Name : Pitjantjatjara camp Location : Konapandi, Musgrave Ranges, South Australia Individual families - each in windbreak Stone pillows & more than 200 fires a night Societal understanding of society privacy - no formal plan for their refuge, but all separated by the same amount of distance Each has a resident dingo Name : Humpy (gun-yah - Aboriginal hut) Location : South-west Queensland Traits No organisational structure Vernacular structure Strong association with supernatural and natural (e.g rain men, suger ant woman, animism) Classifications Open winter winbreaks Summer wet-weather enclosed shelters Clod / wet weather enclosed shelters Shades for diurnal use 1

L9 : Temples of the Ancient East Hindu Temples Are houses of Gods - places to worship Gods - objects of worship themselves Geometry, orientation to cardinal points and axiality in design - mandala

2 L9 : Temples of the Ancient East Hindu Temples Are houses of Gods - places to worship Gods - objects of worship themselves Geometry, orientation to cardinal points and axiality in design - mandala represents the universe, a spiritual symbol in Hinduism and Buddhism - Major entrances faces east Most Hindu temples include forms that are symbolic of : - holy mountain - sacred cave - cosmic axes Key Structural Parts of Stupa Name : Great Stupa Location : Sanchi, India Date : c. 250 BC AD Plan of Sanchi stupa - diagrammatic representation of the teaching of Buddhism. Strong sense of symmetry in plan. Symmetry is important as it symbolises balance and translates the teachings of Buddhism in an architectural form Buddhism teaching - about thinking and reflecting about one self. 14 Torana - consists of 2 square based columns, supporting 3 beams. Central part of the beams are curved. - Shows the use of basic symmetrical geometry Verdika - Important element as it articulates and encloses a gallery space Harmika - Similar tole to that of verdika; generates a sort of internal gallery - This part of structure is inaccessible, which indicates a central space that s not physical accessible. Represents enlightenment which is a spiritual achievement not physical achievement. Chattri - Buddha attained enlightenment when sitting under Bodhi tree. Chattri symbolises Bodhi tree and serves as a reminder to follows about how Buddha achieved enlightenment.

Duke and family could move easily and safely from their official residence to their garden residence across the Arno river VENETIAN PALAZZO Differs from the ones from Florence In Venice, the

3 Name : Palazzo Pitti Location : Florence, Italy Date : c Architect : Filippo Brunellschi and Luca Fancelli Owned by Medici family Built the Vasari coridoor, an elevated walkway from Palazzo Vecchio through Uffizi and to Palazzo Pitti - Duke and family could move easily and safely from their official residence to their garden residence across the Arno river VENETIAN PALAZZO Differs from the ones from Florence In Venice, the main traffic access is canals - houses have openings, where you d get off gondola - On one side, looking out into canal, on other side of building, looking out into courtyard I QUATTRO LIBRI DELL ARCHITETTURA The Four Books of Architecture 1570 Written by Andrea Palladio, founder of Pallandianism and rewrote classical style. 36

Name : Hadrian s Villa Location : Tiboli Date : 120-130 AD Villa - more elaborate version of domus, for the upper class - built in countryside or rural setting, NOT in the city Acted as a retreat

4 Name : Hadrian s Villa Location : Tiboli Date : AD Villa - more elaborate version of domus, for the upper class - built in countryside or rural setting, NOT in the city Acted as a retreat from Rome Over 30 buildings, informal layout Courtyard is the defining element in the villa Maritime Theatre - connected to the villa by drawbridges - small house with atrium, library, baths PALATIUM More elaborate than domus Emperor s official residence on the Palatine Hill in Rome - Palatine Hill became exclusive domain of the Emperor at the end of 1st C - Each Emperor added to the Palace IMPORTANCE OF DOMUS, INSULAE, VILLA & PALATIUM All examples of vernacular architecture - make use of regional forms, materials at a particular place and time Courtyard house very popular - bounding walls of the perimeter walls offers security and privacy and defence - inner bounding wall offers privacy 31

Name : Monastery of Cluny III Location : Burgundy, France Date : 1888-1130 Cluniac Order - key, most dominant order - Stricter following

France Date : 1139-47 Cisterian Order - Bernard of Clairvaux (1091-1153) - More austere reading / interpretation of Benedict Order 11th C

Charterhous - Order is called silent order as there was no speaking allowed.

5 Name : Monastery of Cluny III Location : Burgundy, France Date : Cluniac Order - key, most dominant order - Stricter following of Benedictine Largest Romanesque church, largest abbey ever built Had a basilica plan Name : Abbey of Fontenay Location : Burgundy, France Date : Cisterian Order - Bernard of Clairvaux ( ) - More austere reading / interpretation of Benedict Order 11th C - new monastic groups More plain and austere design Name : The Certosa Location : Pavia, Italy Date : Carthusian Order - Clermont Charterhous - Order is called silent order as there was no speaking allowed. Inspiration for this monastery was to combine the hermit s experience and the common life in one monastery - each monk had own house and own garden. - Hermit-like existence but still living together collectively

Name : Markets of Trajan Location : Rome Date : 100-112 AD Architect : Apollodorus of Damascus Acts as retaining wall

L7 : Temples of Nile Name : Mentuhotep s Mortuary Temple Location : Deir-el-Bahari, Egypt Date : c.

Semi-public Private Deep inside, at the end of the axis, the tomb of Mentuhotep is located Features a hypostyle hall

6 Name : Markets of Trajan Location : Rome Date : AD Architect : Apollodorus of Damascus Acts as retaining wall Expansion of forum into markets. L7 : Temples of Nile Name : Mentuhotep s Mortuary Temple Location : Deir-el-Bahari, Egypt Date : c BC Combines temple and tomb chamber in a single composition Gradation of function and hierarchy - Public Semi-public Private Deep inside, at the end of the axis, the tomb of Mentuhotep is located Features a hypostyle hall Name : Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut Location : Deir-el-Bahari, Egypt Date : BC Architect : Senmut 10 Axiality is key - goes from an open space to the darkness of the tomb at the end of the axis Trabeated architecture

L24 : Birth, death and Renewal Name : Ise Shrine Location :

where kami dwell Mitarashi - sacred abolution site 45

7 L24 : Birth, death and Renewal Name : Ise Shrine Location : Uji-Yamoda, Japan Date : c. 690 Rebuilt every 20 years (2013) - belief of death and renewal - this process is called Sengu Shinto shrine - where kami dwell Mitarashi - sacred abolution site 45 Enclosure here is the heart pillar or central column, called the shin-nomihashira. This is called the oi-ya

Art of South and Southeast Asia Before 1200

Art of South and Southeast Asia Before 1200 Stupa and early Buddhist sculpture, narrative style and tribhanga pose Early iconography of the Buddha: from symbols to icon Buddhist Cave Shrines of Ajanta