Άλλα Ονόματα Mithridates. Τόπος και Χρόνος Γέννησης 190/185 BC Kingdom of Cappadocia. Τόπος και Χρόνος Θανάτου 130 BC Kingdom of Cappadocia

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1 Περίληψη : Ariarathes V (164/ and 157/ BC), king of Cappadocia, followed a pro-roman and an anti-seleucid policy. His power was undermined by Orophernes and by the Seleucid Demetrius I, but it was reinstated with the support of the king of Pergamon. He is considered as a remarkably philhellene Ariarathid king. Άλλα Ονόματα Mithridates Τόπος και Χρόνος Γέννησης 190/185 BC Kingdom of Cappadocia Τόπος και Χρόνος Θανάτου 130 BC Kingdom of Cappadocia Κύρια Ιδιότητα King of Cappadocia 1. Family The king of Great Cappadocia Ariarathes V Eusebes Philopator was a member of the Cappadocian dynasty of the Ariarathids. According to the genealogical tree of the dynasty provided by Diodorus, and regarded as partly mythological, Ariarathes V was the descendant of an aristocratic Persian lineage. His remote ancestors included Anaphas (or Otanes), one of the seven Persians who murdered pseudo-smerdis, and the Persian king Cyrus the Great (period of reign BC). Ariarathes V (190/ BC) was the son of King Ariarathes IV ( /163 BC) and Antioches, daughter of the Seleucid king Antiochus III ( BC). According to Diodorus, his mother Antioches, unable to have any children initially, deceived her husband by presenting him two sons as her own, Ariarathes and Orophernes. Later on, however, after giving birth to two daughters and a son, Mithridates, she revealed the truth to her husband and the two illegitimate sons were sent away from the kingdom, so that their real son Mithridates could ensure his succession to the throne. In the meantime, he was renamed Ariarathes and succeeded his father to the throne as Ariarathes V Eusebes. Yet, more recent research gives a possibility to the fact that the two so-called illegitimate sons were the real sons of Ariarathes IV, perhaps by an unknown wife, and that this story could have been invented so as to legitimatize the questionable rights that Ariarathes V had for kingship. One of his sisters, Stratonike, wedded the king of PergamonEumenes II (197/ /157 BC), and later on his brother and successor Attalus II (158/ /138 BC). Ariarathes wife, Nyssa, was most likely from a Seleucid or Pontian Royal House. She bore two sons to the Cappadocian king, one of whom, Ariarathes VI, succeeded his father Action Ariarathes first concern after his ascent to the throne was to announce the event to Rome and to request the resumption of friendship and alliance that his predecessor had achieved. He did not receive the Senate s reply until after an investigation of his political stance by a Roman embassy was conducted in the country, concerning both his own political views as well as his father s. A while later, Rome intervened in the dispute between Cappadocia and the Galatian tribe of Trokmoi, whose people, having failed to conquer a part of the country, slandered Ariarathes, accusing him of aggressive politics. Ariarathes position in this upheaval is noteworthy since he stated that he was willing to comply with Rome s decisions. 2 His devotion to Rome was confirmed again in 162/160 BC, when another Roman embassy, with Tiberius Gracchus as a leader, visited Cappadocia, as part of a wider tour in Asia Minor. This was made as a means of checking the political stance of the Hellenistic rulers towards the Seleucid Demetrius I, whose power was not acknowledged by Rome. Another token of Ariarathes pro-roman policy was his refusal to marry a relative of Demetrius I, an intermarriage which would restore the relations between the Cappadocian kingdom and the Seleucids, but would be regarded as an anti-roman action. In an effort to reward him, the Roman Senate offered Δημιουργήθηκε στις 26/2/2018 Σελίδα 1/5

2 him the symbols of royalty a scepter and an ivory chariot. 3 The rejection of the Seleucid alliance had unfavourable consequences for Ariarathes rule in the country. Demetrius, in an effort to restore the Seleucid sphere of influence in Cappadocia, meddled in the dispute over the succession of the Cappadocian throne, providing armed support to the usurper Orophernes, who was the alleged non-legitimate brother of Ariarathes. Ariarathes son-in-law, Eumenes II, supported him, but his death a while later weakened the former s position. Ariarathes was forced to abandon his country and flee initially to Rome and later on to Pergamon, while Orophernes seized the Cappadocian throne ( /156 BC). 4 The two brothers requested the Roman senate s intervention, which decided the division of the kingdom between the two of them. Since nobody was willing to compromise with this solution, the conflict proceeded. The kingdom of Pergamon played a significant role in that crucial period of time, by strengthening its relations with Cappadocia after the death of Eumenes II, when his widow and Ariarathes sister Stratonike wedded the new king of Pergamon, Attalus II. With the aid of weaponry from Pergamon, Ariarathes re-seized power and, at the same time, the influence of Pergamon on Cappadocia was regained. 5 Upon his return to the country, Ariarathes demanded from the people of Priene to repay him 400 talents, which Orophernes had deposited for the protection of the temple of Athena Polias in the aforementioned town, in case his conflict with Ariarathes ended up with his defeat. The refusal on behalf of Priene to satisfy his demand resulted in Ariarathes expedition against the town and its pillage, with the help of his son-in-law Attalus II. The citizens of Priene asked for Rome s protection and it seems that they have been justified, because the money was finally returned to Orophernes. 6 In 155/154 BC Ariarathes reciprocated Attalus services, by supporting him with military forces in his war against the king of Bithynia, Prousias II Hunter. A little later, Ariarathes faced the opportunity of eliminating the Seleucid Demetrius I. In 150 BC military joint forces of Ariarathes V, Attalus II and Ptolemy VI defeated him and successfully urged Alexander Balas to ascend the Seleucid throne. 7 Despite Rome s stance in the case concerning Orophernes, Ariarathes V remained an ardent supporter of Roman policies. When the revolt of Aristonikos broke out ( BC), he met Rome s appeal to all its ally kings for military support and lost his life fighting to defend Roman interests. As a reward to the services of the deceased king, Lycaonia was offered to his successor Cultural activity According to Diodorus, Ariarathes V received Greek education and committed himself to philosophy. In fact, during his reignhe renamed the Cappadocian towns of Tyana and Mazaca to Eusebeia and introduced Charondas legislation in Mazaca. 9 Ariarathes V most likely visited Rome in his youth, while in his days of hegemonythe relations between the dynasty of the Ariarathids and Athens were initiated. The Cappadocian ruler is probably identified with Ariarathes, who held correspondence with the philosopher Corneades, and the former must have dedicated a statue to the latter in the Athenian agora. Following this theory, Ariarathes lived part of his life in Athens, before he ascended the throne of Cappadocia. There, along with his son-in-law Attalus II, he studied in the Academia as a student of Corneades and gained various political rights. At the same time, the Cappadocian king kept close relations with the Athenian synodof Dionysus craftsmen. Two resolutions of the synod in honour of Ariarathes and his wife mention the payment of compliments by the Athenians to him, equal to a benefactor s status, in exchange to his demonstration of generosity. From the inscription s context it has been deducted that festivals were organized in Cappadocia, in which the Cappadocian king made an effort to attract craftsmen of Dionysus, 10 and did so successfully. Finally, a Panathenaean amphora which manifests the victory of a king called Ariarathes as an organizer of the Panethenaea, certifies the Cappadocian ruler s interest in the sports demonstrations that were organized in Athens. 11 The main characteristic of Cappadocia s foreign policy in the period of kingship of Ariarathes V is the attachment of the Cappadocian kingdom to the Roman interests. On a cultural level, the king s effort to project himself as a Hellenistic ruler is evident, a fact that would contribute greatly to the strengthening of his status. 1. The name Eusebes : IG II "Philopator": Diod. Sic Genealogy: Diod. Sic It is assumed that the one son whose name was initially Ariarathis, died in a young age and that Ariarathis who was sent to Rome is probably identified with Mithridates/Ariarathis V who visited Athens. According to this theory, the sons of Ariarathis IV were most likely three, apart from Demetrius of Ariarathis, whose identity is absolutely Δημιουργήθηκε στις 26/2/2018 Σελίδα 2/5

3 positive. See also Günther, L.M., "Kappadocien, die seleukidische Heiratspolitik und die Rolle der Antiochis, Tochter Antiochos I", Asia Minor Studien 16, Studien zum antiken Kleinasien 3 (1995), p. 51 ff. Müller, H., "Königin Stratonike, Tochter des Königs Ariarathes", Chiron 21 (1991), p. 406 ff. On descent of Nyssa: Ferguson, W.S., "Notes on Greek Inscriptions", CPh. 2 (1907), p Hopp, J., Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der letzten Attaliden (Vestigia 25, München 1977), p. 63, note 29. Descendants of Ariarathis V: Just Diod. Sic Polyb Galatian Trokmoi: Polyb The Romans paid great attention to clearing up charges, as it derives from the mission of two embassies in Cappadocia. Both embassies were impressed by the sincerity of Ariarathis, see Briscoe, J., "Eastern Policy and Senatorial Politics BC", Historia 18 (1969), p. 56 ff. Gruen, E.S., "Rome and the Seleucids in the Aftermath of Pydna", Chiron 6 (1976), p Polyb Diod. Sic Diodorus, when mentioning the rejection of the proposal by Demetrius, uses the expression "απόρρηση του γάμου και φιλίας", which has a double meaning. It means a) rejection, b)separation, divorce. In more recent research the interpretation of the word "απόρρηση" has prevailed as rejection of intermarriage. Günther, on the contrary, based on the second meaning of the word, suggested that the expression means Ariarathis separation from a wife f the Seleucid House, whom he would marry around 172BC. In case that this suggestion is valid, a new dimension is given to the relations of Syria with Cappadocia in the period of BC, which is defined by intimate relations between the Attalids and the Seleucids. See Günther, L.M., "Kappadokien, die seleukidische Heiratspolitik und die Rolle der Antiochis, Tochter Antiochos I", Asia Minor Studien 16, Studien zum antiken Kleinasien 3 (1995), p. 59 onw. 4. Diod. Sic App. Syr.47 On the dating of Orophernes revolt, see Morkholm, O., "The Cappadocians again", NC 7 th Series 19 (1979), p. 242 onw. Hopp, J., Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der letzten Attaliden (Vestigia 25, München 1977), p. 60 and note 3. The arguments with which Simonetta dates the revolt in the period BC do not seem persuasive. See Simonetta, B., The coins of the Cappadocian Kings (Typos Monographien zur antiken Numismatik 2, Freibourg 1977), p. 61.Polyb Hopp, J., Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der letzten Attaliden (Vestigia 25, München 1977), p App. Syr. 47 Polyb Hopp, J., Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der letzten Attaliden (Vestigia 25, München 1977), p According to an assumption, Ariarathis V was the Cappadocian ruler who financed the erection of the Iera Odos in Priene. See Dinsmoor, W.B., "The Repair of Athena Parthenos: A story of five dowels", AJA 38 (1934), p. 106, n War with Prousia: Polyb Gruen, E.S., "Rome and the Seleucids in the Aftermath of Pydna", Chiron 6 (1976), p. 91 ff. 8. Liv Just Diod. Sic Cohen, G.M., The Hellenistic Settlements in Europe, the Islands, and Asia Minor (Berkeley-Los Angeles-Oxford 1995), p. 377 ff. 10. Craftsmen of Dionysus: IG II Robert, L., Opera Minora Selecta. Epigraphie et Antiques Grecques I (Amsterdam 1969), p. 62 Robert, L., Noms Indigenes dans l Asie Mineure Greco-romaine (Paris 1963), p. 495 ff. 11. Bringmann, K. von Steuben, H., (eds.), Schenkungen hellenistischer Herrscher an griechische Städte und Heiligtümer, 1: Zeugnisse und Kommentare (Berlin 1995) p. 82, n. 37 Metaxa-Prokopiou, N., «Παναθηναϊκός αμφορεύς εκ της περιοχής Φιλοπάππου», ΑΔ 25 (1970) Ι Μελετήματα, p. 97 ff. Βιβλιογραφία : Günther L.M., Kappadokien, die seleukidische Heiratspolitik und die Rolle der Antiochis, Tochter Antiochos I, 1995, Asia Minor Studien 16 Hopp J., Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der letzten Attaliden, München 1977, Vestigia 25 Müller H., "Königin Stratonike, Tochter des Königs Ariarathes", Chiron, 21, 1991, Niese B., "Ariarathes (2)", RE 2.1, Stuttgart, 816 Δημιουργήθηκε στις 26/2/2018 Σελίδα 3/5

4 Δικτυογραφία : Ariarathes V Philopator Coins with Ariarathes V Γλωσσάριo : amphora, the from the greek words "αμφί"(on both sides) and "φέρω" (carry): vessel with long ovoid body and a considerably narrower neck made in various sizes from the smaller perfume oil container to the large storage receivers of liquids and solids. It stands on a small foot and it bears two invariable vertical handles on either side. Some of the distinguished types of the amphorae are these whose lower part is tapering to the point (narrow bottomed), the neck type, the Nicosthenian, the Nola, the Panathenaic, the Tyrrhenian, the SOS type. talent, the Numismatic weight unit. The silver talent equaled 60 mnai or 6000 silver drachmas. Χρονολόγιο 190/185 BC: Ariarathes V is born 164/3 BC: Ariarathesʹ accession to throne 162/160 BC: Ariarathes supports Romeʹs interests and declines Seleucid alliance 159 BC: Orophernesʹ revolt and seizure of the Cappadocian throne. Ariarathes flees initially to Rome and then to Pergamon 157/156 BC: Regain of power by Ariarathes with the support of Attalus II 155/154 BC: Ariarathes supports Attalus II during the war at Bithynia 150 BC: Military forces of Ariarathes V, Attalus II and Ptolemy VI defeat Demetrius 132 BC: Aristonikosʹ revolt. Ariarathes supports Rome 130 BC: Ariarathes dies during battle Βοηθ. Κατάλογοι List of Cappadocian kings: Dynasty of the Ariarathids (dates are not exact) BC: Ariarathes I BC or 281/280 or BC: Ariarathes II BC or BC: Ariaramnes BC or BC or BC: Ariarathes III /163 BC: Ariarathes IV Δημιουργήθηκε στις 26/2/2018 Σελίδα 4/5

5 164/ BC and 157/ BC: Ariarathes V /156 BC: Orophernes BC: Ariarathes VI /100 BC: Ariarathes VII BC: Ariarathes VIII BC: Ariarathes IX Δημιουργήθηκε στις 26/2/2018 Σελίδα 5/5